EP0876958B1 - Apparatus for tearing open bags - Google Patents

Abstract

A drum (1) is driven to rotate about a horizontal axis (D-D) and is provided with arms (30) that form a star shape when viewed along the rotation axis and extend from the inner region (28) of the drum through suitably shaped holes in the drum casing (10). Control bars (42, 46) are used to move the arms into the drum inner region between the maximum height and depth positions of the conveyor carrying the sacks. The holes in the outer casing of the drum may be arranged so that the arms can exit between two neighbouring corners of the polygon.

Description

The invention relates to a device for tearing bags.

In recent years, valuable materials (economic goods; e.g. Waste that is not disposed of together with garbage) increasingly in Bags collected, e.g. in plastic bags so they can be one Can be recycled. Before individual components the valuable materials, e.g. Metals or plastic parts, The recyclables must be recyclable or recyclable be sorted. This happens at a central point where the valuable materials delivered in bags are received become. For cost reasons and also to the health burden to keep it as small as possible for the staff Tendency towards extensive automation of the necessary Procedural steps.

First, the bags have to be opened and emptied. Further the sacks which, for example, large format Represent plastic films, as completely as possible from the rest Recyclables are separated. DE 94 05 851 U1 is one Device for tearing bags known for this purpose in the Location is. This device has a substantially horizontal extending shaft, which is driven to rotate becomes. Arms emanate from the wave in a star shape outer end areas are designed as tines. On their inner The ends of the arms are pivotally mounted in the area of the shaft. The arms are swung inwards by means of a control curve, after they have their rotation of the shaft have reached the highest point, and shortly before reaching their they are swung out again at the lowest railway point. A sack placed on the shaft via an endless conveyor to be transported with the arms, by the opposing ones, arms just swung out, torn open and with upwards, whereby it is largely emptied. The fact that the empty or largely empty sack impaled arms as the movement continues inward the bag can come loose from the device, what is provided by one in the upper area of the device Ejection plate is facilitated.

So that the space between the arms including the movement the components controlling the arms are not contaminated by valuable materials the shaft is surrounded by a fixed housing that circumferential slots for the implementation of Has arms. Through the slots, however, can still Recyclable materials penetrate inside the housing, even if the slots are designed like a labyrinth, as in DE 94 20 921 U1. This can cause disruptions in the operational process Consequence and also requires regular cleaning of the Housing interior, which is expensive.

From US 5,368,431 A is a device for opening and Known garbage bag removal. Feeded to this device Sacks are first placed in one facility with several notched, knife-like discs and separate back and forth movable blades works, slit or cut open. The waste material is removed using two paddle wheels and transported a conveyor belt to a drum device, which serves to strip the bags. The drum device rotates around a horizontal axis of rotation and points in relation arms running in a star shape on the axis of rotation. The poor occur through a to the cross section of the respective arm adapted opening through the jacket of the drum device the interior of the drum device. You are with help a control device in the interior of the drum device movable, with each arm being extended when it moves located near the conveyor belt, and in the further course the rotary movement of the drum device is retracted. If the waste material moves under the drum device, the extending arms grasp the already opened sacks and take it a little bit with the rotation until the arms be retracted. So the sacks fall back on that Conveyor belt, but then lie on top of the rest of the waste and can easily be sorted out by the operating personnel.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device for tearing open To create sacks that are relatively simple, that is Separating the sacks from the valuable materials contained therein makes it easier and in the event of disruptions in the operational process due to foreign bodies in the Drive range of the device are practically excluded.

This object is achieved by a tearing device of bags with the features of claim 1. Advantageous Refinements result from the subclaims.

The device according to the invention for tearing sacks has a drum device that is essentially horizontal extending axis of rotation is drivable to a rotary movement and the arms which run in a star shape with respect to the axis of rotation having. The arms pass through a cross section of the respective arm adapted opening through the jacket of the Drum device from the interior of the drum device. They are at least partially in the control device Interior of the drum device movable. The control device is set up to put a respective arm in its deepest Extend railway area and in its highest To enter the railway area.

The basic principle of operation of the device according to the invention is the same as that from DE 94 05 851 U1 and DE 94 20 921 U1 known devices. The mechanism for Moving the arms is due to the rotating jacket protected the drum device, the respective openings for the exit of the arms are preferably so small that the Cross section of the respective arm fits straight through. Therefore can no foreign objects in the interior of the drum device enter and disrupt the operations.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention Circumferential line of the casing of the drum device as a polygon designed, preferably the openings in the jacket of the Drum device for the exit of the arms between each two adjacent corners of the polygon are arranged. Thereby it is achieved that e.g. Recyclable materials during the rotary movement of the Drum device substantially at a distance from the Axis of rotation are kept approximately with the distance between the axis of rotation and a corner of the polygon Circumference of the jacket coincides. If one arm completely is retracted, with this geometry the distance is its outer end to the axis of rotation somewhat less, so that in the area a small cavity is formed at its outer end, or at least one area in which the density of recyclables is lower is as near the corners. The consequence of this is that a Sack more easily detaches from the drum device after opening, if the arm or arms that opened the sack and hold, retracted into the interior of the drum assembly become.

The e.g. Bags filled with recyclable materials are used in the drum equipment preferably fed via a conveyor, which in a preferred embodiment as an endless conveyor is designed, e.g. as a scratch conveyor, as a belt conveyor or can be designed as a plate conveyor. Whose direction of conveyance points against the direction of movement of the lower one Area of the jacket of the drum device. With this arrangement the sack arriving at the drum device is suddenly removed from one or more arms, which makes it easier to tear open.

In front of the drum device and above the conveyor a deflector can be arranged, e.g. as a metering plate is designed. Such a metering plate is in DE 94 05 851 U1 described; it makes opening the sacks easier.

In the upper area or above the drum device is one Discharge device (restraint device, scraper device) arranged, the most complete emptying of the bags and / or the loosening of the bags from the drum device is favored. If the arms are not in the area of the discharge device yet retracted far enough into the interior of the drum device the discharge device should have openings for the Have arms. Examples of ejection devices are in DE 94 05 851 U1 and described in DE 94 20 921 U1.

The control device can have a hydraulic system. Basically is also an electromagnetic or pneumatic retraction and Extend the arms into and out of the interior of the drum device conceivable. In a preferred embodiment the control, however, is purely mechanical, so that the control device has no sensitive components, which is the case with the rough ones Operating conditions of the device for opening bags Advantage is.

In a preferred embodiment, the control device a cam disc, i.e. it has a control curve that with designed as a cam follower cooperates with the components Arms are coupled to the arms of the respective rotational position of the Retract or extend the drum device accordingly. The The term “cam disk” is therefore to be understood very broadly here. There is preferably one on each end face of the drum device stationary cam with a circumferential guideway (the serves as a control curve) arranged, the guideways of two cams are aligned with each other and for the Guidance of the end areas from parallel to the axis of rotation Poles are set up on which the inner end portions of the Arms are stored. The rods can be in relation to the Be guided in radial guides, so that they move in and out in the radial direction, when the drum assembly shell rotates.

Figur 1

eine schematische seitliche Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Aufreißen von Säcken,

Figur 2

eine schematische seitliche Ansicht der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1, die an eine Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Wertstoffen angebaut ist, wobei mehrere Schnittebenen dargestellt sind,

Figur 3

eine Teilansicht aus Figur 2, in der zusätzlich die Umfangslinie des Mantels der Trommeleinrichtung der Vorrichtung zum Aufreißen von Säcken dargestellt ist,

Figur 4

eine schematische Ansicht der Vorrichtungen gemäß Figur 2 mit Blick auf die Vorrichtung zum Aufreißen von Säcken von hinten, die teilweise als Schnitt dargestellt ist, und

Figur 5

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht aus Figur 4.

The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show in

Figure 1

2 shows a schematic side view of a device according to the invention for tearing sacks open,

Figure 2

2 shows a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 1, which is attached to a device for sorting valuable materials, several sectional planes being shown,

Figure 3

2 shows a partial view from FIG. 2, in which the circumferential line of the jacket of the drum device of the device for tearing sacks is additionally shown,

Figure 4

3 shows a schematic view of the devices according to FIG. 2 with a view of the device for tearing open sacks from behind, which is partly shown as a section, and

Figure 5

an enlarged partial view of Figure 4.

As Figure 1 shows, the device for tearing bags a drum device 1, which is mounted on a bracket 2 is. Below the drum device 1 is a conveyor arranged, which is designed here as a belt conveyor 4 and is held in a frame 6. The belt conveyor 4 leads from Bottom obliquely upwards and ends in the lower area of the drum device 1. It is used to supply bags to the drum device 1, so that these are torn open by the drum device 1 can be.

In Figure 2 it is shown how the drum device 1 with the Entrance area of a device for sorting valuable materials connected is. For this purpose, the holder 2 with a frame 8 is Screwed device for sorting valuable materials. In figure 2, the rear end region of the belt conveyor 4 can also be seen.

The drum device 1 has a largely closed Jacket 10, the end faces of which each have an end plate 12 are connected. The two end plates 12 have a circular shape Circumferential line as shown in Figures 2 and 3. In Figure 3 the circumferential line 14 of the jacket 10 is also shown. In the exemplary embodiment, it is designed as a polygon as a regular octagon, with the corners of the circumferential line 14 the periphery of the end plates 12 are.

In Figure 5, which is an enlarged partial view of Figure 4 the axis of rotation D-D is drawn around which the drum device 1 can be driven to rotate. For this are the end plates 12 of the drum device 1 each in a side part 16 mounted, which is rigidly connected to the bracket 2 or part of the bracket 2. According to the view Figure 5 left bearing is guided through the left side part 16 and carries at its end a sprocket 18, which has a chain 19 and a sprocket 20 is driven by an electric motor 22.

A guide plate 24 is firmly connected to each side part 16. The guide plates 24 are located on the end faces the drum device 1 outside in front of the end plates 12 each have a circular circumferential line, its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the end plates 12, and aligned concentrically with the end plates 12. The face plates 12 are each of a cylindrical jacket Surround fender 26, the respective inner edge area the respective end plate 12 is attached during the respective outer edge area of the respective fender 26 die overlaps the respective guide plate 24. Here are the column between the edges of the guide plates 24 and each Mudguard 26 kept so narrow that practically no contamination into the interior 28 of the drum device 1 can penetrate.

The drum device 1 points with respect to the axis of rotation D-D arms 30 extending in a star shape. Are in the embodiment several sets of arms 30 are provided which point towards the Axis of rotation D-D are spaced apart. As in Figure 5 can be seen, these are first sentences 31, 32, 33 and 34, the each consist of four arms 30, the arms 30 one Set in the circumferential direction of the drum device 1 by 90 ° are offset from each other. In FIG. 3, this is for sentence 31 shown; the arm on the left of this sentence is here provided with the reference numeral 30. Between sentences 31, 32, 33 and 34 are further sets of arms 30, namely the sets 35, 36, 37 and 38, as indicated in Figure 5. Even sentences 35, 36, 37 and 38 each consist of four arms 30, as in Figure 3 shown for set 35. Her arms 30 are opposite to those of the Sets 31, 32, 33 and 34 by 45 ° in the circumferential direction of the drum device 1 offset, see Figure 3. The geometry is like this chosen that each arm 30 between two adjacent corners 39 of the octagonal circumferential line 14 of the jacket 10 is arranged (see Figure 3, left part).

The inner end regions 40 of the arms 30 are located in the interior 28 of the drum device 1. From there, the arms 30 pass through the jacket 10 outwards, through respective openings in the jacket 10, the size of which corresponds to the cross section of the respective arms 30 is adapted. The arms 30 are radial Slidably supported in the direction (see below); therefore they have each in the area in which they are depending on the shift position pass through the jacket 10, a constant cross-sectional area, which is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional area the opening. This way the middle or outer Areas of the arms 30 stored in the jacket 10. The outer Areas of the arms 30 are preferably as rigid tines educated.

The inner end portions 40 of the arms 30 are on rods 42 stored. Such a rod is in the upper area of FIG 42 drawn in detail. This rod 42 holds one each the arms 30 of sets 31, 32, 33 and 34. Each of the end regions 44 of the rod 42 runs in a guideway 46 which in the respective guide plate 24 as a circumferential, self-contained Recess is formed. Regarding the ones with the coat 10 rotating end plates 12, the rods 42 through radial slots 48 in the end plates 12 out. The two radial slots 48 for guiding the rod 42 in the upper region 5 run in the drawing plane of FIG. 5.

The guide plates 24 with the guideways 46 act as Cams. The two guideways 46 are in relation to one another aligned. During the rotary movement of the drum device 1, the rods 42 from the guideways 46 in moved radially so that the arms 30 out of the interior 28 extended or retracted the drum device 1 become. The outer ends of the arms 30 describe a path 50, which is shown in Figures 2 and 3. It's closed recognize that a respective arm 30 in its deepest Web area is moved outward so that it is a piece over the Outside of the jacket 10 protrudes, and in its highest Railway area is retracted so that it is preferably not or only slightly in relation to the outside of the jacket 10 protrudes. The drum device 1 rotates in the illustration according to Figures 2 and 3 in the counter-clockwise direction, i.e., each lower region of the jacket 10 runs from the belt conveyor 4 objects moving from right to left.

In the upper area of the drum device 1 there is a discharge device 52 arranged on a movable frame 54 is mounted. The ejection device 52 has a comb 56, between the projections projecting obliquely downwards through openings are provided for the arms 30. Since the comb 56 shown from the side in Figure 2 is only a protrusion can be seen while the passage openings for the arms 30 cannot be seen. The comb 56 can be operated using a hydraulic cylinder 58 pulled up, what cleaning or Maintenance is helpful.

The following is the operation of the tearing device explained by sacks. The bags to be torn open, e.g. out Plastic or paper, e.g. filled with recyclables are on the belt conveyor 4 to the drum device 1 introduced. The drum device 1 rotates, and in the view of Figure 2 counterclockwise. In doing so the arms 30 by means of the rods 42 and the guideways 46 formed control device depending on your respective position angle extended or retracted or do not change their radial position, as corresponds to track 50. Shortly before reaching its lowest point an arm 30 is extended so that it is the foremost tearable Sack that is currently attached to the drum unit 1 is introduced, can grasp and tear open. He slits the sack so that it is on the arm 30 or on adjacent ones or following arms 30 gets stuck and with the rotary movement the drum device 1 is taken up. At the latest when the sack reaches the comb 56, it is completely torn open, so that the valuable materials can fall out. The valuable materials arrive to the front end portion of the belt conveyor 4 and fall from down there. The torn sack is to this Time usually still on the drum device 1, because the arms impaling him 30 are still extended. After the the highest point of the track 50 is passed, the arm 30 is there withdrawn from the control device so that the sack of the Drum device 1 can fall off. He comes up with one second conveyor device 60, which is indicated in FIG Device for sorting valuable materials is arranged.

The device for tearing sacks can already Sorting and / or dosing and / or loosening in the bags cause contained parts, especially loose in the bags collected recyclables. Usually are in the area of the torn sack, there are still valuable materials that come together with the torn bag from the second conveyor 60 to be transported away in the sorting device Recycled materials separated from the torn sack and sorted become. The gap between the opening of the sack 62 the belt conveyor 4 and the second conveyor 60 falling A third conveying device 64 is used for recycling collected, which is indicated in Figure 2, also sorted to become.

Claims (12)

1. Apparatus for tearing open bags, having a drum arrangement (1) which can be driven in rotation about an essentially horizontally running axis of rotation (D-D) and has arms (30) which run in the form of a star in relation to the axis of rotation (D-D), are intended for gripping and tearing open the bags, pass out of the interior (28) of the drum arrangement (1) in each case through an opening through the lateral surface (10) of the drum arrangement (1), said opening being adapted to the cross section of the respective arm (30), and can be moved at least partially into the interior (28) of the drum arrangement (1) via a control arrangement (42, 46), the control arrangement (42, 46) being designed for extending a respective arm (30) in its lowest-level path region and for retracting the same in its highest-level path region, and an ejecting, restraining and/or stripping arrangement (52) being arranged in the top region or above the drum arrangement (1).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the circumference line (14) of the lateral surface (10) of the drum arrangement (1) is of polygonal configuration.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the openings in the lateral surface (10) of the drum arrangement (1) through which the arms (30) pass out are arranged in each case between two adjacent corners (39) of the polygon (14).
4. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged beneath the drum arrangement (1) is a conveying arrangement (4), preferably an endless conveyor, of which the conveying direction is oriented counter to the movement direction of the respectively bottom region of the lateral surface (10) of the drum arrangement (1).
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that a deflector is arranged upstream of the drum arrangement (1) and above the conveying arrangement (4).
6. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ejecting, restraining and/or stripping arrangement (52) has through-passage openings for the arms (30).
7. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of sets (31-38) of arms (30) are provided, spaced apart in the axial direction of the drum arrangement (1), the arms (30) of adjacent sets (31 - 38) preferably being arranged offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction.
8. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer end regions of the arms (30) are designed as rigid tines.
9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control arrangement has a hydraulic unit.
10. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control arrangement (42, 46) has a cam plate (24, 46).
11. Apparatus according to Claim 10, characterized in that a stationary cam plate (24, 46) with a guide track (46) running all the way round is arranged on each end side of the drum arrangement (1), the guide tracks (46) of the two cam plates (24, 46) being aligned with one another and being designed for guiding the end regions (44) of rods (42) which run parallel to the axis of rotation (D-D) and on which the inner end regions (40) of the arms (30) are mounted.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that the rods (42) are guided in radially running guides (48) in relation to the drum arrangement (1).

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