EP0874054A2 - Vector for the expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusionproteins in malignant B Cells - Google Patents
Vector for the expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusionproteins in malignant B Cells Download PDFInfo
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- EP0874054A2 EP0874054A2 EP98106176A EP98106176A EP0874054A2 EP 0874054 A2 EP0874054 A2 EP 0874054A2 EP 98106176 A EP98106176 A EP 98106176A EP 98106176 A EP98106176 A EP 98106176A EP 0874054 A2 EP0874054 A2 EP 0874054A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/90—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome
- C12N15/902—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome using homologous recombination
- C12N15/907—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome using homologous recombination in mammalian cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vector for expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion proteins in malignant B cells, a method for the expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion proteins in malignant B cells, uses of the vector and malignant B cells that contain such a vector.
- the immunoglobulin idiotype that expresses on B cell lymphomas is a tumor-specific antigen, but a minor one Has immunogenicity in the tumor-bearing host.
- Various Approaches have been evaluated to counter an immune response to induce the idiotype.
- the idiot type at GM-CSF coupled and as a soluble protein for vaccination of mice used (Nature 362, 755-758, 1993).
- GM-CSF is recruiting professionals Antigen-presenting cells and leads to effective Presentation of the idiot type and thus to activate T cells.
- This approach has the disadvantage that the immunoglobulin V genes have to be cloned from the lymphoma and that the Fusion protein must be produced and purified in vitro. In A clinical situation would have to be one for every patient individual vaccine can be produced.
- the present invention introduces a cytokine gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of malignant B cells, for example B cell lymphoma cells, by means of homologous recombination.
- a cytokine gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of malignant B cells, for example B cell lymphoma cells, by means of homologous recombination.
- an integration vector with the features of claim 1 was constructed. After site-specific integration into the heavy chain locus, an immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein is expressed under the control of the endogenous V H promoter.
- the recombination vector described is potential for everyone Lymphomas can be used. By introducing cytoking through homologous recombination in the malignant heavy chain locus B cell isolation of the idiotype can be avoided. The time until the start of therapy becomes significant shortened. It is also possible to use homologous recombination modified tumor cells after radiation for the Use vaccination without purifying the fusion protein must become. The following embodiment shows that the Tumor-protective effect is much more pronounced when using instead of the modified cells provided according to the invention is immunized with the soluble protein.
- the vector according to the invention can have a region of at least 1.5 kb homologous to an intron region, in which the Ig enhancer does not naturally occur or from which it was deleted or in which it was inactivated; or in a further embodiment, however, the vector according to the invention has a functional C ⁇ or C ⁇ enhancer.
- the DNA can, for example, comprise one or more exons, as long as a functional domain of an antibody or a functional part of it is encoded. Is the functional one Part of the domain part of a V domain, it must be bound be capable of or contribute to the target antigen. Act it is part of a C domain, it must have at least one Can perform part of the effector functions.
- the region of the ⁇ or ⁇ intron of at least 1.5 kb comprises the region in which the C ⁇ or C ⁇ enhancer is located, this region optionally having one or no functional C ⁇ or C ⁇ enhancer contains more.
- the enhancer can either be deleted or inactivated. Such inactivation can e.g. B. can be brought about by mutagenesis according to the methods named in the prior art.
- the enhancer is deleted or been inactivated.
- the selectable marker has an enhancer.
- the homologous sequence contained in the vector must have a length of at least 1.5 kb in order to be able to achieve a homologous recombination event at all.
- This DNA sequence of at least 1.5 kb can be selected from different areas of the C ⁇ or C ⁇ intron.
- the enhancer itself cannot be contained in the construct or deleted from the homology flank or inactivated therein.
- the expression of the recombinant gene is placed under the control of the endogenous enhancer. If exons encoding constant regions are recombined, these are also under the control of the endogenous V promoter.
- the enhancer also regulates the expression of the selectable marker.
- the homology flank used promotes homologous recombination with the immunoglobulin locus, as a result of which the selectable marker is placed under the control of the endogenous C ⁇ or C ⁇ enhancer.
- the expression of the recombinant gene provided according to the invention which codes for an immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein, is controlled 3 ′ by the heavy chain V gene of the malignant B cell by the endogenous V H promoter after site-specific integration.
- the endogenous immunoglobulin V gene segment of the immunoglobulin-producing B cell remains unchanged and becomes homologous Recombination related to the introduced constant Gene segments and the cytokine expressed.
- the idiotype of a B cell lymphoma is preserved, his way However, physical binding to the cytokine leads to an increased Presentation by antigen presenting cells and thus an increased immunogenicity of the isotype.
- the invention In contrast to the vector, the vector codes DE 44 06 512 no V domain or a part thereof; instead remains the endogenous V-sequence and the idiotype of the transfected B cell received.
- the vector has a DNA sequence encoding a constant region or a part thereof.
- This sequence can code for either the heavy or light chain of an antibody. It is known to those skilled in the art that several isons code for the heavy chain in all isotypes. If there is only one C H exon for the heavy chain in the construct, this is preferably the C H1 exon.
- Such a construct can be used to produce fusion proteins whose immunoglobulin portion has the functionality of Fab or F (ab) 2 fragments.
- the vector according to the invention preferably contains all exons of a heavy chain isotype, as a result of which a complete heavy chain can be expressed.
- the elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are arranged in this order in succession in the 5'-3 'direction.
- Integration vector has the homologue to the ⁇ or ⁇ intron Spread a length of 1.9 kb or 2.0 kb.
- the invention contains Vector a bacteria compatible regulatory unit.
- a bacteria-compatible regulatory unit allows cloning and amplification of the vector in bacterial systems, for example in E. coli.
- Bacteria compatible Regulation systems are known to the person skilled in the art from Technology known; see. Sambrook et al, op. Cit.
- An example for such a bacteria-compatible regulatory unit is the Regulatory unit from the plasmid pBR322.
- the immunoglobulin portion of the chimeric fusion protein is in a further embodiment, the immunoglobulin portion of the chimeric fusion protein.
- chimeric a Immunoglobulin understood that the V and C regions from different Species combined. For example, a V gene from the mouse combined with the C exons of a human isotype will.
- the DNA sequence of the Feature (b) a human immunoglobulin chain.
- This domain can be both V and C domains or parts thereof.
- Vector encodes the DNA sequence from the domains Mouse, rat, goat, from which horse or sheep come.
- the vector has a constant that is xenogeneic for the patient Ig region on what is induction of an immune response can prove to be advantageous.
- DNA sequences can be used to encode these DNA sequences the homologous recombination with the corresponding sequence another type of mammal.
- Vector encodes the DNA sequence of all C domains secretory antibody.
- Vector contains a DNA sequence, the C domains of an antibody encoded, the IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG4, IgA, Is IgD or IgE antibody.
- the skilled worker is aware that some of these isotypes are not found in all mammalian species.
- the human genome contains C genes that Code the IgG4 isotype, but not the IgG2a or IgG2b isotype.
- the mouse genome contains C genes, the IgG2a and the Code the IgG2b isotype, but not the IgG4 isotype.
- Integration vector is the selectable marker gpt, neo or encoded for hygromycin resistance.
- the specialist is with the cultivation of cells under selection conditions that this Markers require familiar (see e.g. Sambrook, et al, a.a.O.). He is also able to add further selection markers to select that used in the vector according to the invention can be.
- the transfection of immunoglobulin-producing cells is considered Standard procedures in modern immunology.
- the specialist is known to use the transfection conditions for each Cell line need to be set.
- a guide to establishment such transfection conditions is, for example, in Toneguzzo et al, Mol. Cell Biol. 6 (1986), 703-706 and in Description given for the "Genepulser" bio bike.
- the selection of stable transformants is carried out by culturing the transformants for at least 7 days in a suitable selection medium. Selection more stable Transformants are necessary to kill cells that do Plasmid not included. The choice of the selection medium depends of course on the selection marker used.
- the production of suitable selection media is in the Known prior art and for example in Sanbrook et al, a.a.O. readable.
- the transfection is carried out by electroporation, calcium coprecipitation, lipofection, the DEAE dextran technique or retroviral gene transfer. All of these methods are well known in the art. The person skilled in the art therefore knows how to set the conditions for the individual transfection methods in the method according to the invention.
- the selection is carried out in a medium which contains mycophenolic acid, G418 or hygromycin as the selection agent. As mentioned above, these selection agents are well known in the art. Your choice depends on the selection marker used, while your dosage can be derived from standard molecular biology works; see. e.g. B. Sambrook et al., Loc.
- the DNA sequence encodes constant domains of the ⁇ 1 -, ⁇ 2a -, ⁇ 2b -, ⁇ 3 -, ⁇ 4 -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, or ⁇ -isotype.
- the DNA sequence according to feature (c) codes for cytokines which can be selected from interleukins, interferons, colony-stimulating Factors, lymphokines and growth factors. Examples for such DNA sequences are: IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF or interferon ⁇ .
- the vectors of the present invention are, for example by the above-described methods in malignant B cells introduced and integrated there by homologous recombination and stably expressed. Through suitable selection and identification procedures such malignant B cells are identified that stably express the fusion protein. In one embodiment the present invention, however, it is also possible malignant B cells which construct the vector construct according to the invention included to be used directly for vaccination without a previous selection for such cells has taken place, that stably express the fusion protein. Of course it is necessary to vaccinate the malignant B cells replication incompetent prior to radiation injection make without the expression of the fusion protein would be affected.
- the expression of the transformants in which there is a homologous recombination event sufficient so that a heterogeneous cell population is also possible can be administered. It is not because of this imperative that the vector according to the invention in Feature (d) of claim 1, in eucaryotic B cells has selectable markers. On such Marker can be used in cases where there is no selection of the recombinant cells before the injection takes place in the patient, to be dispensed with.
- the vector provided according to the invention is also in an ex Vivo approach can be used.
- cultivated, dendritic Cells by means of that expressed by the recombined tumor cells Fusion protein for the presentation of tumor-specific peptides and possibly also brought about the activation of T cells.
- the antigen-presenting cells or the activated T cells would then be returned to the patient.
- a great advantage when injecting such malignant B cells, that produce the immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein lies in the elimination of complex production and cleaning steps for the production of these proteins in clinically relevant Amounts.
- the malignant B cell into which the vector according to the invention has been introduced a B-cell leukemia cell be a B cell lymphoma cell or a plasma cytoma cell.
- the invention is based on an animal model performed example described.
- the hereby gained Results are also due to long lasting experiences transferable to humans.
- the invention is self-evident not limited to the specific embodiment below, but can be within the scope of the following claims be modified.
- the murine GM-CSF gene is cloned into pSP72 (see Fig. 3) via PstI.
- the 5 'portion of the gene is excised with EcoRV and XmaI and replaced by an equally cut PCR product that lacks the N-terminal 29 amino acids.
- the construct pSP72 ( ⁇ EV) -GMCSF ( ⁇ L) is created.
- a SalI interface is introduced into the vector pSVgpt-hu ⁇ 1-A5 (Kardinal et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 792-797, 1995) 3 'of the human IgG1-C H 3 exon.
- the GM-CSF gene is cut out of pSP72 ( ⁇ EV) -GMCSF ( ⁇ L) with SalI and ligated into the SalI site of the modified psVgpt-hu ⁇ 1-A5.
- the GM-CSF-bearing recombination vector is with EcoRI or BamHI linearized and electroporation into the murine B-cell lymphoma cell line MPC11 transferred.
- Stably transfected Cells are detected using mycophenolic acid of the gpt gene selected.
- the clones in which the construct was integrated in a job-specific manner see Fig. 1) in the ELISA identified.
- the benefit of modifying a lymphoma idiotype by homologous recombination for tumor immunization is demonstrated using the example of the murine B-cell lymphoma MPC11.
- This tumor originates from the BALB / c mouse, expresses IgG2b and, after inoculation of 10 3 cells into syngeneic animals, leads to death in up to 20 days in 100% of the animals.
- a lethal inoculum of wild-type tumor cells is administered ip 7 days after the last injection. While the animals in the control group, which received only tumor cells but no pre-immunization, died of the tumor (group C in Fig. 2), the immunized animals showed a significant survival advantage (group A). If vaccination is carried out with MPC11 cells, in the heavy chain locus of which only the human IgG1-C region without the GM-CSF gene was introduced by homologous recombination, which therefore express a xenogenized heavy chain, there is only a marginal survival time -Extension.
- the time to start therapy can be significant be shortened.
- the use of through homologous recombination modified, irradiated tumor cells not only brings the advantage that time and costly cleaning of the fusion protein can be dispensed with.
- a crucial one The advantage is that the tumor-protective effect is essential is more pronounced when immunized with cells that express a recombinant protein as if the purified one soluble protein is given.
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Abstract
Erfindungsgemäß wird bereitgestellt ein Vektor zur Expression
von Immunglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionsproteinen in malignen B-Zellen,
mindestens enthaltend, in funktioneller Verbindung,
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Vektor zur Expression von Immunglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionsproteinen in malignen B-Zellen, ein Verfahren zur Expression von Immununglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionsproteinen in malignen B-Zellen, Verwendungen des Vektors sowie maligne B-Zellen, die einen derartigen Vektor enthalten.The present invention relates to a vector for expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion proteins in malignant B cells, a method for the expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion proteins in malignant B cells, uses of the vector and malignant B cells that contain such a vector.
Der Immunglobulin-Idiotyp, der auf B-Zell-Lymphomen exprimiert wird, ist ein Tumor-spezifisches Antigen, das jedoch eine geringe Immunogenität im Tumor-tragenden Wirt aufweist. Verschiedene Ansätze sind evaluiert worden, um eine Immnunantwort gegen den Idiotyp zu induzieren. U.a. wurde der Idiotyp an GM-CSF gekoppelt und als lösliches Protein zur Vakzinierung von Mäusen verwendet (Nature 362, 755-758, 1993). GM-CSF rekrutiert professionelle Antigen-präsentierende Zellen und führt zur effektiven Präsentation des Idiotyps und damit zur Aktivierung von T-Zellen. Dieser Ansatz hat den Nachteil, daß die Immunglobulin-V-Gene aus dem Lymphom kloniert werden müssen und daß das Fusionsprotein in vitro produziert und gereinigt werden muß. In einer klinischen Situation müßte also für jeden Patienten eine individuelle Vakzine hergestellt werden.The immunoglobulin idiotype that expresses on B cell lymphomas is a tumor-specific antigen, but a minor one Has immunogenicity in the tumor-bearing host. Various Approaches have been evaluated to counter an immune response to induce the idiotype. Among other things became the idiot type at GM-CSF coupled and as a soluble protein for vaccination of mice used (Nature 362, 755-758, 1993). GM-CSF is recruiting professionals Antigen-presenting cells and leads to effective Presentation of the idiot type and thus to activate T cells. This approach has the disadvantage that the immunoglobulin V genes have to be cloned from the lymphoma and that the Fusion protein must be produced and purified in vitro. In A clinical situation would have to be one for every patient individual vaccine can be produced.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, neue Vektoren bereitzustellen, die in Patienten universell einsetzbar sind, ohne daß individuelle Vakzinen hergestellt werden müssen.It is an object of the present invention to create new vectors to provide that can be used universally in patients, without the need to manufacture individual vaccines.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch einen
Vektor zur Expression von Immunglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionsproteinen
in malignen B-Zellen, mindestens enthaltend, in funktioneller
Verbindung,
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie dem Ausführungsbeispiel.Preferred embodiments of the invention result from the Subclaims, the following description and the exemplary embodiment.
Während im Stand der Technik, beispielsweise in der oben zitierten Veröffentlichung in Nature 362, 755-758, 1993, die erhaltenen Fusionsproteine nach Transfektion von Zellkulturzellen in vitro exprimiert, gereinigt und in löslicher Form verabreicht wurden, kann durch die erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellten Vektoren das Zytokingen durch homologe Rekombination in den Schwere-Ketten-Locus von Immunglobulingenen stellenspezifisch eingebaut werden, ohne daß das V-Gen isoliert und in den Vektor eingebaut werden müßte. Der erfindungsgemäße Vektor wird direkt in die maligne B-Zelle eingebaut und in dieser Zelle zur Expression gebracht, sodaß anstatt wie bei bisherigen Ansätzen nicht das lösliche, vorher gereinigte Protein verabreicht werden muß, sondern die gentechnisch veränderten Tumorzellen direkt an den Patienten verabreichbar sind. Dieser bringt zum einen eine große Zeit-, Arbeits- und Kostenersparnis und hat zum anderen auch einen wesentlich besseren Tumor-protektiven Effekt zur Folge.While in the prior art, for example in the above cited Publication in Nature 362, 755-758, 1993 Fusion proteins after transfection of cell culture cells expressed in vitro, purified and administered in soluble form were, can by the provided according to the invention Vectors the cytokine by homologous recombination in the Heavy chain locus of immunoglobulin genes site-specific can be incorporated without the V gene being isolated and in the vector should be installed. The vector according to the invention becomes direct built into the malignant B cell and in this cell for expression brought, so that instead of as in previous approaches the soluble, previously purified protein cannot be administered must, but the genetically modified tumor cells directly are administered to the patient. This leads to a great time, labor and cost saving and has on the other hand also a much better tumor protective Effect.
Ausgangspunkt zur Konstruktion der erfindungsgemäßen Vektoren waren die in der DE 44 06 512 beschriebenen Integrationsvektoren zur Herstellung rekombinanter Antikörper. Diese Vektoren eignen sich zu einer hoch-effizienten Produktion von chimären Maus /Mensch-Antikörpern. Die in der DE 44 06 512 beschriebenen Integrationsvektoren dienten lediglich zur Herstellung von rekombinanten Antikörpern und wurden deshalb ausschließlich in Antikörper produzierenden Hybridomzellen zur Expression gebracht. Der erfindungsgemäße Lösungsansatz, Immunglobuline als Fusionsproteine mit Zytokinen durch homologe Rekombination direkt in malignen B-Zellen zur Expression zu bringen und derart modifizierte maligne B-Zellen zur Vakzinierung von Patienten mit malignen B-Zell-Tumoren zu verwenden, wird durch die DE 44 06 512 nicht nahegelegt.Starting point for the construction of the vectors according to the invention were the integration vectors described in DE 44 06 512 for the production of recombinant antibodies. These vectors are suitable for a highly efficient production of chimeras Mouse / human antibodies. The described in DE 44 06 512 Integration vectors were used only for the production of recombinant Antibodies and were therefore used exclusively in Antibody-producing hybridoma cells for expression brought. The inventive approach, immunoglobulins as fusion proteins with cytokines by homologous recombination to express directly in malignant B cells and such modified malignant B cells for vaccination of patients Use with malignant B cell tumors is described by DE 44 06 512 not suggested.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird ein Zytokingen in den Immunglobulin-Schwere-Ketten-Lokus
maligner B-Zellen, beispielsweise
B-Zell-Lymphom-Zellen, mittels homologer Rekombination
eingeführt. Hierzu wurde ein Integratiosvektor mit den
Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 konstruiert. Nach stellenspezifischer
Integration in den Schwere-Ketten-Lokus wird unter der Kontrolle
des endogenen VH-Promotors ein Immunglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionsprotein
exprimiert.The present invention introduces a cytokine gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of malignant B cells, for example B cell lymphoma cells, by means of homologous recombination. For this purpose, an integration vector with the features of
Der beschriebene Rekombiationsvektor ist potentiell für alle Lymphome einsetzbar. Durch die Einführung des Zytokingens durch homologe Rekombination in den Schwere-Ketten-Lokus der malignen B-Zelle kann eine Isolierung des Idiotyps vermieden werden. Die Zeit bis zum Beginn einer Therapie wird dadurch erheblich verkürzt. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die durch homologe Rekombination modifizierten Tumorzellen nach Bestrahlung für die Vakzinierung einzusetzen, ohne daß das Fusionsprotein gereinigt werden muß. Das nachfolgende Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, daß der Tumor-protektive Effekt wesentlich ausgeprägter ist, wenn mit den erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellten, modifizierten Zellen anstatt mit dem löslichen Protein immunisiert wird.The recombination vector described is potential for everyone Lymphomas can be used. By introducing cytoking through homologous recombination in the malignant heavy chain locus B cell isolation of the idiotype can be avoided. The time until the start of therapy becomes significant shortened. It is also possible to use homologous recombination modified tumor cells after radiation for the Use vaccination without purifying the fusion protein must become. The following embodiment shows that the Tumor-protective effect is much more pronounced when using instead of the modified cells provided according to the invention is immunized with the soluble protein.
Grundlage für die Konstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen Vektors sind die in der DE 44 06 512 beschriebenen Integrationsvektoren. Auf diese Deutsche Patentschrift wird zur vollständigen Offenbarung voll inhaltlich Bezug genommen. Allerdings werden die in der DE 44 06 512 beschriebenen Integrationsvektoren erfindungsgemäß derart modifiziert, daß keine rekombinanten Antikörper exprimiert und gewonnen werden, sondern Fusionsproteine aus Immunglobulinen und Zytokinen, die direkt in malignen B-Zellen zur Expression gebracht werden.Basis for the construction of the vector according to the invention are the integration vectors described in DE 44 06 512. This German patent becomes the complete Revelation fully referenced. However the integration vectors described in DE 44 06 512 according to the invention modified so that no recombinant antibodies expressed and obtained, but fusion proteins from immunoglobulins and cytokines that are directly in malignant B cells to be expressed.
Der erfindungsgemäße Vektor kann einen zu einem Intron-Bereich homologen Bereich von mindestens 1,5 kb aufweisen, in den der Ig-Enhancer natürlicherweise nicht vorkommt oder aus dem er deletiert oder in dem er inaktiviert wurde; oder in einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der erfindungsgemäße Vektor aber einen funktionellen Cµ- oder Cκ-Enhancer auf.The vector according to the invention can have a region of at least 1.5 kb homologous to an intron region, in which the Ig enhancer does not naturally occur or from which it was deleted or in which it was inactivated; or in a further embodiment, however, the vector according to the invention has a functional C μ or C κ enhancer.
Die DNA kann beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Exons umfassen, solange eine funktionelle Domäne eines Antikörpers oder ein funktioneller Teil davon codiert wird. Ist der funktionelle Teil der Domäne Teil einer V-Domäne, so muß diese zur Bindung an das Zielantigen fähig sein oder dazu beitragen. Handelt es sich um einen Teil einer C-Domäne, so muß diese mindestens einen Teil der Effektorfunktionen ausüben können.The DNA can, for example, comprise one or more exons, as long as a functional domain of an antibody or a functional part of it is encoded. Is the functional one Part of the domain part of a V domain, it must be bound be capable of or contribute to the target antigen. Act it is part of a C domain, it must have at least one Can perform part of the effector functions.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfaßt der Bereich des µ- oder
κ-Introns von mindestens 1,5 kb den Bereich, in dem der
Cµ- oder Cκ-Enhancer lokalisiert ist, wobei dieser Bereich wahlweise
einen oder keinen funktionellen Cµ- oder Cκ-Enhancer mehr
enthält.
Der Enhancer kann in dieser zuletzt genannten Ausführungsform
entweder deletiert oder inaktiviert sein. Eine solche Inaktivierung
kann z. B. durch Mutagenese nach im Stand der Technik
benannten Verfahren herbeigeführt werden.In a preferred embodiment, the region of the μ or κ intron of at least 1.5 kb comprises the region in which the C μ or C κ enhancer is located, this region optionally having one or no functional C μ or C κ enhancer contains more.
In this latter embodiment, the enhancer can either be deleted or inactivated. Such inactivation can e.g. B. can be brought about by mutagenesis according to the methods named in the prior art.
Bei dem selektierbaren Marker ist der Enhancer deletiert oder inaktiviert worden. In einer anderen Ausführungsform weist der Marker keinen natürlichen Enhancer auf. In einer weiteren Ausführungsforn besitzt der selektierbare Marker einen Enhancer.For the selectable marker, the enhancer is deleted or been inactivated. In another embodiment, the Do not mark a natural enhancer. In another embodiment the selectable marker has an enhancer.
Die im Vektor enthaltene homologe Sequenz muß eine Länge von mindestens 1,5 kb aufweisen, um ein homologes Rekombinationsereignis überhaupt erzielen zu können. Diese DNA-Sequenz von mindestens 1,5 kb kann aus verschiedenen Bereichen des Cµ- oder Cκ-Introns gewählt werden. Der Enhancer selbst kann erfindungsgemäß nicht im Konstrukt enthalten sein oder aus der Homologieflanke deletiert bzw. darin inaktiviert worden sein. Bei der Integration des Vektors in die homologe Sequenz eines funktionell rearrangierten Antikörpergens wird die Expression des rekombinanten Gens unter die Kontrolle des endogenen Enhancers gestellt. Werden Exons, die konstante Regionen codieren, einrekombiniert, so stehen diese ferner unter der Kontrolle des endogenen V-Promotors. Der Enhancer reguliert darüber hinaus die Expression des selektierbaren Markers. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß der Selektionsmarker nur dann aktiviert wird, wenn er in der Nähe eines starken Enhancers integriert wird. Durch die verwendete Homologieflanke wird eine homologe Rekombination mit dem Immunglobulinlocus begünstigt, wodurch der selektierbare Marker unter die Kontrolle des endogenen Cµ- oder Cκ-Enhancers gestellt wird.The homologous sequence contained in the vector must have a length of at least 1.5 kb in order to be able to achieve a homologous recombination event at all. This DNA sequence of at least 1.5 kb can be selected from different areas of the C µ or C κ intron. According to the invention, the enhancer itself cannot be contained in the construct or deleted from the homology flank or inactivated therein. When the vector is integrated into the homologous sequence of a functionally rearranged antibody gene, the expression of the recombinant gene is placed under the control of the endogenous enhancer. If exons encoding constant regions are recombined, these are also under the control of the endogenous V promoter. The enhancer also regulates the expression of the selectable marker. This ensures that the selection marker is only activated if it is integrated in the vicinity of a strong enhancer. The homology flank used promotes homologous recombination with the immunoglobulin locus, as a result of which the selectable marker is placed under the control of the endogenous C µ or C κ enhancer.
Die Expression des erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellten rekombinanten Gens, das für ein Immunglogbulin-Zytokin-Fusionsprotein codiert, wird nach stellenspezifischer Integration 3' vom Schwere-Ketten-V-Gen der malignen B-Zelle vom endogenen VH-Promotor gesteuert.The expression of the recombinant gene provided according to the invention, which codes for an immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein, is controlled 3 ′ by the heavy chain V gene of the malignant B cell by the endogenous V H promoter after site-specific integration.
Klonierungstechniken sind dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Beispielsweise wird verwiesen auf Sambrook et al, "Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual", 2. Auflage 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA, sowie Harlow und Lane "Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual" 1988, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA.Cloning techniques are known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art known. For example, reference is made to Sambrook et al, "Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual", 2nd edition 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA, and Harlow and Lane "Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual" 1988, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA.
Das endogene Immunglobulin-V-Gensegment der Immunglobulin-produzierenden B-Zelle bleibt unverändert und wird nach der homologen Rekombination im Zusammenhang mit den eingeführten konstanten Gensegmenten sowie dem Zytokinen exprimiert. Auf diese Weise bleibt der Idiotyp eines B-Zell-Lymphoms erhalten, seine physikalische Bindung an das Zytokin führt jedoch zu einer verstärkten Präsentation durch Antigen-präsentierende Zellen und damit zu einer erhöhten Immunogenität des Isotyps. Der erfindungsgemäße Vektor codiert also im Gegensatz zum Vektor der DE 44 06 512 keine V-Domäne oder einen Teil hiervon; stattdessen bleibt die endogene V-Sequenz und der Idiotyp der transfizierten B-Zelle erhalten.The endogenous immunoglobulin V gene segment of the immunoglobulin-producing B cell remains unchanged and becomes homologous Recombination related to the introduced constant Gene segments and the cytokine expressed. To this The idiotype of a B cell lymphoma is preserved, his way However, physical binding to the cytokine leads to an increased Presentation by antigen presenting cells and thus an increased immunogenicity of the isotype. The invention In contrast to the vector, the vector codes DE 44 06 512 no V domain or a part thereof; instead remains the endogenous V-sequence and the idiotype of the transfected B cell received.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Vektor eine DNA-Sequenz auf, die eine konstante Region oder einen Teil davon codiert. Diese Sequenz kann entweder für die schwere oder leichte Kette eine Antikörpers codieren. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, daß bei allen Isotypen mehrere Exons für die schwere Kette codieren. Sofern nur ein CH-Exon für die schwere Kette im Konstrukt vorhanden ist, ist dies vorzugsweise das CH1-Exon. Mit einem derartigen Konstrukt können Fusionsproteine hergestellt werden, deren Immunglobulinanteil die Funktionalität von Fab- oder F(ab)2-Fragmenten aufweisen. Vorzugsweise enthält der erfindungsgemäße Vektor jedoch sämtliche Exons eines schwere Kette-Isotyps, wodurch eine vollständige schwere Kette exprimiert werden kann. In dieser Ausführungsform sind die Elemente (a), (b), (c) und (d) in dieser Reihenfolge aufeinanderfolgend in 5'-3'-Richtung angeordnet.In another preferred embodiment, the vector has a DNA sequence encoding a constant region or a part thereof. This sequence can code for either the heavy or light chain of an antibody. It is known to those skilled in the art that several isons code for the heavy chain in all isotypes. If there is only one C H exon for the heavy chain in the construct, this is preferably the C H1 exon. Such a construct can be used to produce fusion proteins whose immunoglobulin portion has the functionality of Fab or F (ab) 2 fragments. However, the vector according to the invention preferably contains all exons of a heavy chain isotype, as a result of which a complete heavy chain can be expressed. In this embodiment, the elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are arranged in this order in succession in the 5'-3 'direction.
In einer andereren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Integrationsvektors weist der zum µ- oder κ-Intron homologe Bereich eine Länge von 1,9 kb oder 2,0 kb auf.In another preferred embodiment of the invention Integration vector has the homologue to the µ or κ intron Spread a length of 1.9 kb or 2.0 kb.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der erfindungsgemäße Vektor eine Bakterien-kompatible Regulationseinheit. Eine derartige Bakterien-kompatible Regulationseinheit ermöglicht die Klonierung und Amplifizierung des Vektors in bakteriellen Systemen, beispielsweise in E. coli. Bakterienkompatible Regulationssysteme sind dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt; vgl. Sambrook et al, a.a.O. Ein Beispiel für eine derartige bakterienkompatible Regulationseinheit ist die Regulationseinheit aus dem Plasmid pBR322.In a further preferred embodiment, the invention contains Vector a bacteria compatible regulatory unit. Such a bacteria-compatible regulatory unit allows cloning and amplification of the vector in bacterial systems, for example in E. coli. Bacteria compatible Regulation systems are known to the person skilled in the art from Technology known; see. Sambrook et al, op. Cit. An example for such a bacteria-compatible regulatory unit is the Regulatory unit from the plasmid pBR322.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der Immunglobulinanteil des Fusionsproteins chimärer Natur. Unter "chimär" wird ein Immunglobulin verstanden, das die V- und C-Regionen aus verschiedenen Spezies kombiniert. Beispielsweise kann ein V-Gen aus der Maus mit den C-Exons eines menschlichen Isotyps kombiniert werden.In a further embodiment, the immunoglobulin portion of the chimeric fusion protein. Under "chimeric" a Immunoglobulin understood that the V and C regions from different Species combined. For example, a V gene from the mouse combined with the C exons of a human isotype will.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform codiert die DNA-Sequenz des Merkmals (b) eine menschliche Immunglobulinkette. Diese Domäne können sowohl V- alsauch C-Domänen oder Teile davon sein.In a further embodiment, the DNA sequence of the Feature (b) a human immunoglobulin chain. This domain can be both V and C domains or parts thereof.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Vektors codiert die DNA-Sequenz Domänen, die aus der Maus, Ratte, Ziege, aus dem Pferd oder Schaf stammen. Vorzugsweise stammen sämtliche DNA-Sequenzen für entweder die V- oder die C-Regionen codierenden Sequenzen aus einer dieser Tierarten, wobei die C-Regionen auch aus verschiedenen Tierarten entnehmbar sind.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Vector encodes the DNA sequence from the domains Mouse, rat, goat, from which horse or sheep come. Preferably all DNA sequences for either the V or the sequences encoding C regions from one of these animal species, the C regions can also be taken from different animal species are.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist der Vektor eine für den Patienten xenogene konstante Ig-Region auf, was sich für die Induktion einer Immunantwort als vorteilhaft erweisen kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention the vector has a constant that is xenogeneic for the patient Ig region on what is induction of an immune response can prove to be advantageous.
Wie auch die in einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Vektors verwendeten menschliche Domänen codierenden DNA-Sequenzen können diese Domänen codierende DNA-Sequenzen für die homologe Rekombination mit der entsprechenden Sequenz aus einer anderen Säugerart eingesetzt werden.Like that in another embodiment of the invention Vector used coding human domains DNA sequences can be used to encode these DNA sequences the homologous recombination with the corresponding sequence another type of mammal.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Vektors codiert die DNA-Sequenz sämtliche C-Domänen eines sekretorischen Antikörpers.In another preferred embodiment of the invention Vector encodes the DNA sequence of all C domains secretory antibody.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausfürungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Vektors enthält eine DNA-Sequenz, die C-Domänen eines Antikörpers codiert, der IgM-, IgG1-, IgG2a-, IgG2b-, IgG4-, IgA-, IgD- oder IgE-Antikörper ist. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, daß manche dieser Isotypen nicht in allen Säugerspezies vorkommen. So enthält das menschliche Genom beispielsweise C-Gene, die IgG4-Isotype, nicht aber IgG2a- oder IgG2b-Isotype codieren. Dagegen enthält das Maus-Genom C-Gene, die den IgG2a- und den IgG2b-Isotyp, nicht aber den IgG4-Isotyp codieren.Another preferred embodiment of the invention Vector contains a DNA sequence, the C domains of an antibody encoded, the IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG4, IgA, Is IgD or IgE antibody. The skilled worker is aware that some of these isotypes are not found in all mammalian species. For example, the human genome contains C genes that Code the IgG4 isotype, but not the IgG2a or IgG2b isotype. In contrast, the mouse genome contains C genes, the IgG2a and the Code the IgG2b isotype, but not the IgG4 isotype.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Integrationsvektors ist der selektierbare Marker gpt, neo oder codiert für Hygromycin-Resistenz. Der Fachmann ist mit der Züchtung von Zellen unter Selektionsbedingungen, die diese Marker erfordern, vertraut (vgl. z. B. Sambrook, et al, a.a.O.). Er ist darüber hinaus in der Lage, weitere Selektionsmarker auszuwählen, die im erfindungsgemäßen Vektor verwendet werden können. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Integration vector is the selectable marker gpt, neo or encoded for hygromycin resistance. The specialist is with the cultivation of cells under selection conditions that this Markers require familiar (see e.g. Sambrook, et al, a.a.O.). He is also able to add further selection markers to select that used in the vector according to the invention can be.
Die Transfektion Immunglobulin-produzierender Zellen gilt als Standardverfahren der modernen Immunologie. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, daß die Transfektionsbedingungen für jede verwendete Zellinie eingestellt werden müssen. Ein Leitfaden zur Errichtung solcher Transfektionsbedingungen ist beispielsweise in Toneguzzo et al, Mol. Cell Biol. 6 (1986), 703-706 sowie in der Beschreibung zum Biorad "Genepulser" gegeben. Für die Mausmyelomlinie NS-1 (ATCC TIB 18) beispielsweise sind geeignete Transfektionsbedingungen in Mocikat et al, Gene 136 (1993), 349-353 beschrieben. Die Selektion von stabilen Transformanten erfolgt durch Züchtung der Transformanten für mindestens 7 Tage in einem geeigneten Selektionsmedium. Die Selektion stabiler Transformanten ist notwendig, um Zellen abzutöten, die das Plasmid nicht aufgenommen haben. Die Wahl des Selektionsmediums richtet sich selbstverständlich nach dem verwendeten Selektionsmarker. Die Herstellung geeigneter Selektionsmedien ist im Stand der Technik bekannt und beispielsweise in Sanbrook et al, a.a.O. nachlesbar.The transfection of immunoglobulin-producing cells is considered Standard procedures in modern immunology. The specialist is known to use the transfection conditions for each Cell line need to be set. A guide to establishment such transfection conditions is, for example, in Toneguzzo et al, Mol. Cell Biol. 6 (1986), 703-706 and in Description given for the "Genepulser" bio bike. For the mouse myeloma line NS-1 (ATCC TIB 18), for example, are suitable Transfection conditions in Mocikat et al, Gene 136 (1993), 349-353. The selection of stable transformants is carried out by culturing the transformants for at least 7 days in a suitable selection medium. Selection more stable Transformants are necessary to kill cells that do Plasmid not included. The choice of the selection medium depends of course on the selection marker used. The production of suitable selection media is in the Known prior art and for example in Sanbrook et al, a.a.O. readable.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens
erfolgt die Transfektion durch Elektroporation, Calcium-Kopräzipitation,
Lipofektion, die DEAE-Dextran-Technik oder
retroviralen Gentransfer. All diese Verfahren sind im Stand der
Technik gut bekannt. Der Fachmann weiß daher, wie er die Bedingungen
für die einzelnen Transfektionsverfahren im erfindungsgemäßen
Verfahren einzustellen hat. In einer anderen bevorzugten
Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt
die Selektion in einem Medium, das als Selektionsmittel Mykophenolsäure,
G418, oder Hygromycin enthält. Wie bereits vorstehend
erwähnt, sind diese Selektionsmittel im Stand der Technik
gut bekannt. Ihre Wahl hängt vom verwendeten Selektionsmarker
ab, während ihre Dosierung aus Standardwerken der Molekularbiologie
hergeleitet werden kann; vgl. z. B. Sambrook et al.,
a.a.O.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen
Verfahrens codiert die DNA-Sequenz konstante Domänen des
γ1-, γ2a-, γ2b-, γ3-, γ4-, µ-, α-, δ-, oder ε-Isotyps. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the transfection is carried out by electroporation, calcium coprecipitation, lipofection, the DEAE dextran technique or retroviral gene transfer. All of these methods are well known in the art. The person skilled in the art therefore knows how to set the conditions for the individual transfection methods in the method according to the invention. In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the selection is carried out in a medium which contains mycophenolic acid, G418 or hygromycin as the selection agent. As mentioned above, these selection agents are well known in the art. Your choice depends on the selection marker used, while your dosage can be derived from standard molecular biology works; see. e.g. B. Sambrook et al., Loc. Cit
In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the DNA sequence encodes constant domains of the γ 1 -, γ 2a -, γ 2b -, γ 3 -, γ 4 -, µ-, α-, δ-, or ε-isotype.
Die DNA-Sequenz gemäß Merkmal (c) codiert für Zytokine, die ausgewählt werden aus Interleukinen, Interferonen, Kolonie-stimulierenden Faktoren, Lymphokinen und Wachstumsfaktoren. Beispiele für derartige DNA-Sequenzen sind: IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF oder Interferon γ.The DNA sequence according to feature (c) codes for cytokines which can be selected from interleukins, interferons, colony-stimulating Factors, lymphokines and growth factors. Examples for such DNA sequences are: IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF or interferon γ.
Die Vektoren der vorliegenden Erfindung werden beispielsweise durch die oben näher bezeichneten Verfahren in maligne B-Zellen eingebracht und dort durch homologe Rekombination integriert und stabil exprimiert. Durch geeignete Selektions- und Identifizierungsverfahren werden derartige maligne B-Zellen identifiziert, die das Fusionsprotein stabil exprimieren. In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es jedoch auch möglich, maligne B-Zellen, die das erfindungsgemäße Vektorkonstrukt enthalten, direkt zur Vakzinierung einzusetzen, ohne daß eine vorherige Selektion auf solche Zellen stattgefunden hat, die das Fusionsprotein stabil exprimieren. Selbstverständlich ist es vor einer Vakzinierung notwendig, die malignen B-Zellen vor der Injektion durch Bestrahlung replikationsinkompentent zu machen, ohne daß hierdurch die Expression des Fusionsproteins beeinträchtigt würde.The vectors of the present invention are, for example by the above-described methods in malignant B cells introduced and integrated there by homologous recombination and stably expressed. Through suitable selection and identification procedures such malignant B cells are identified that stably express the fusion protein. In one embodiment the present invention, however, it is also possible malignant B cells which construct the vector construct according to the invention included to be used directly for vaccination without a previous selection for such cells has taken place, that stably express the fusion protein. Of course it is necessary to vaccinate the malignant B cells replication incompetent prior to radiation injection make without the expression of the fusion protein would be affected.
Somit ist es nicht zwingend notwendig, eine Selektion der rekombinanten
Zellen vor der Injektion in den Patienten vorzunehmen.
Für die Tumorimmunisierung ist die Expression der Transformanten,
in denen ein homologes Rekombinationsereignis vorliegt,
ausreichend, so daß durchaus auch eine heterogene Zellpopulation
verabreicht werden kann. Hierdurch ist es nicht
zwingend notwendig, daß der erfindungsgemäße Vektor den im
Merkmal (d) des Anspruchs 1 genannten, in eucaryontischen B-Zellen
selektierbaren Marker aufweist. Auf einen derartigen
Marker kann in solchen Fällen, bei denen keine Selektion der
rekombinanten Zellen vor der Injektion in den Patienten stattfindet,
verzichtet werden.It is therefore not absolutely necessary to select the recombinant
Cells before injection into the patient.
For tumor immunization, the expression of the transformants,
in which there is a homologous recombination event
sufficient so that a heterogeneous cell population is also possible
can be administered. It is not because of this
imperative that the vector according to the invention in
Feature (d) of
Der erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellte Vektor ist auch in einem ex vivo-Ansatz einsetzbar. Hierzu werden kultivierte, dendritische Zellen mittels des von den rekombinierten Tumorzellen exprimierten Fusionsproteins zur Präsentation tumorspezifischer Peptide und eventuell auch zur Aktivierung von T-Zellen gebracht. Die Antigen-präsentierenden Zellen bzw. die aktivierten T-Zellen würden dann in den Patienten zurückgegeben werden.The vector provided according to the invention is also in an ex Vivo approach can be used. For this, cultivated, dendritic Cells by means of that expressed by the recombined tumor cells Fusion protein for the presentation of tumor-specific peptides and possibly also brought about the activation of T cells. The antigen-presenting cells or the activated T cells would then be returned to the patient.
Ein großer Vorteil bei der Injektion derartiger maligner B-Zellen, die das Immunglobulin-Zytokin-Fusionprotein produzieren, liegt im Wegfall von aufwendigen Produktions- und Reinigungsschritten zur Herstellung dieser Proteine in klinikrelevanten Mengen.A great advantage when injecting such malignant B cells, that produce the immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein lies in the elimination of complex production and cleaning steps for the production of these proteins in clinically relevant Amounts.
Die maligne B-Zelle, in die der erfindungsgemäße Vektor eingebracht wird, kann beispielsweise eine B-Zell-Leukämie-Zelle, eine B-Zell-Lymphom-Zelle oder eine Plasmazytomzelle sein.The malignant B cell into which the vector according to the invention has been introduced a B-cell leukemia cell, be a B cell lymphoma cell or a plasma cytoma cell.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines an einem Tiermodell durchgeführten Beispiels beschrieben. Die hierdurch gewonnenen Ergebnisse sind aufgrund lang andauernder Erfahrungen auch auf den Menschen übertragbar. Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das nachfolgende spezielle Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern kann im Rahmen der nachfolgenden Ansprüche abgewandelt werden.The invention is based on an animal model performed example described. The hereby gained Results are also due to long lasting experiences transferable to humans. The invention is self-evident not limited to the specific embodiment below, but can be within the scope of the following claims be modified.
Das murine GM-CSF-Gen wird über PstI in pSP72 (vgl. Abb. 3) einkloniert. Der 5'-Anteil des Gens wird mit EcoRV und XmaI exzidiert und durch ein ebenso geschnittenes PCR-Produkt ersetzt, dem die N-terminalen 29 Aminosäuren fehlen. Auf diese Weise entsteht das Konstrukt pSP72 (ΔEV)-GMCSF (ΔL). In den Vekor pSVgpt-huγ1-A5 (Kardinal et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 792-797, 1995) wird 3' des humanen IgG1-CH3-Exons eine SalI-Schnittstelle eingeführt. Das GM-CSF-Gen wird mit SalI aus pSP72 (ΔEV)-GMCSF (ΔL) herausgeschnitten und in die SalI-Stelle des modifizierten psVgpt-huγ1-A5 ligiert.The murine GM-CSF gene is cloned into pSP72 (see Fig. 3) via PstI. The 5 'portion of the gene is excised with EcoRV and XmaI and replaced by an equally cut PCR product that lacks the N-terminal 29 amino acids. In this way, the construct pSP72 (ΔEV) -GMCSF (ΔL) is created. A SalI interface is introduced into the vector pSVgpt-huγ1-A5 (Kardinal et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 792-797, 1995) 3 'of the human IgG1-C H 3 exon. The GM-CSF gene is cut out of pSP72 (ΔEV) -GMCSF (ΔL) with SalI and ligated into the SalI site of the modified psVgpt-huγ1-A5.
Der GM-CSF-tragende Rekombinationsvektor wird mit EcoRI oder BamHI linearisiert und mittels Elektroporation in die murine B-Zell-Lymphom-zellinie MPC11 transferiert. Stabil transfizierte Zellen werden mit Hilfe von Mykophenolsäure auf die Anwesenheit des gpt-Gens selektioniert. Die Klone, in denen das Konstrukt stellenspezifisch integriert wurde (s. Abb. 1), werden im ELISA identifiziert.The GM-CSF-bearing recombination vector is with EcoRI or BamHI linearized and electroporation into the murine B-cell lymphoma cell line MPC11 transferred. Stably transfected Cells are detected using mycophenolic acid of the gpt gene selected. The clones in which the construct was integrated in a job-specific manner (see Fig. 1) in the ELISA identified.
Der Nutzen, der die Modifikation eines Lymphom-Idiotyps durch homologe Rekombination für die Tumorimmunisierung bringt, wird am Beispiel des murinen B-Zell-Lymphoms MPC11 gezeigt. Dieser Tumor stammt von der BALB/c-Maus ab, exprimiert IgG2b und führt nach Inokulation von 103 Zellen in syngene Tiere innerhalb von bis zu 20 Tagen bei 100% der Tiere zum Tod. Nach Transfer des Vektors in MPC11 und der Identifizierung von homologen Rekombinanten werden diese für die Immunisierung von BALB/c-Mäusen eingesetzt. Dazu werden je 5 x 106 bestrahlte Zellen zweimal im Abstand von drei Wochen i.p. injiziert. 7 Tage nach der letzten Injektion wird ein letales Inokulum von Wildtyp-Tumorzellen i.p. verabreicht . Während die Tiere der Kontrollgruppe, die nur Tumorzellen, aber keine Präimmunisierung erhalten haben, am Tumor sterben (Gruppe C in Abb. 2), zeigen die immunisierten Tiere einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil (Gruppe A). Wenn mit MPC11-Zellen vakziniert wird, in deren Schwere-Ketten-Lokus lediglich die humane IgG1-C-Region ohne das GM-CSF-Gen durch homologe Rekombination eingeführt wurde, die also eine xenogenisierte schwere Kette exprimieren, so kommt nur eine marginale Überlebenszeit-Verlängerung zustande.The benefit of modifying a lymphoma idiotype by homologous recombination for tumor immunization is demonstrated using the example of the murine B-cell lymphoma MPC11. This tumor originates from the BALB / c mouse, expresses IgG2b and, after inoculation of 10 3 cells into syngeneic animals, leads to death in up to 20 days in 100% of the animals. After transfer of the vector into MPC11 and the identification of homologous recombinants, these are used for the immunization of BALB / c mice. For this purpose, 5 x 10 6 irradiated cells are injected ip twice every three weeks. A lethal inoculum of wild-type tumor cells is administered ip 7 days after the last injection. While the animals in the control group, which received only tumor cells but no pre-immunization, died of the tumor (group C in Fig. 2), the immunized animals showed a significant survival advantage (group A). If vaccination is carried out with MPC11 cells, in the heavy chain locus of which only the human IgG1-C region without the GM-CSF gene was introduced by homologous recombination, which therefore express a xenogenized heavy chain, there is only a marginal survival time -Extension.
Da der Idiotyp des Tumors bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren weder auf genetischer noch auf Protein-Ebene aus dem Lymphom isoliert werden muß und keine individualspezifische Vakzine hergestellt werden muß, sondern ein universeller Vektor für alle Lymphome anwendbar ist, kann die Zeit bis zum Beginn der Therapie erheblich verkürzt werden. Der Einsatz der durch homologe Rekombination modifizierten, bestrahlten Tumorzellen bringt nicht nur den Vorteil, daß auf die zeit- und kostenaufwendige Reinigung des Fusionsproteins verzichtet werden kann. Ein entscheidender Vorteil besteht darin, daß der Tumor-protektive Effekt wesentlich ausgeprägter ist, wenn mit Zellen immunisiert wird, die ein rekombinantes Protein exprimieren, als wenn das gereinigte lösliche Protein gegeben wird.Since the idiotype of the tumor in the described method, neither isolated from the lymphoma at the genetic and protein level must be produced and no individual-specific vaccine must be, but a universal vector for all lymphomas is applicable, the time to start therapy can be significant be shortened. The use of through homologous recombination modified, irradiated tumor cells not only brings the advantage that time and costly cleaning of the fusion protein can be dispensed with. A crucial one The advantage is that the tumor-protective effect is essential is more pronounced when immunized with cells that express a recombinant protein as if the purified one soluble protein is given.
Durch den vorliegenden Rekombinationsvektor kann die Zeit bis zu Beginn einer Therapie erheblich verkürzt werden. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die durch homologe Rekombination modifizierten Tumorzellen nach Bestrahlung für die Vakzinierung einzusetzen, ohne daß das Fusionsprotein aufgereinigt werden muß. Es konnte durch das obige Beispiel gezeigt werden, daß der Tumor-protektive Effekt überraschenderweise wesentlich ausgeprägter ist als bei Immunisierung der Zellen mit gereinigtem, löslichem Protein.Due to the present recombination vector, the time up to be significantly shortened at the start of therapy. Farther it is possible to modify the homologous recombination To use tumor cells for vaccination after radiation, without having to purify the fusion protein. It could can be shown by the above example that the tumor-protective Surprisingly, the effect is much more pronounced than when cells are immunized with purified, soluble protein.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| DE19716892A DE19716892C1 (en) | 1997-04-22 | 1997-04-22 | Vector for expressing immunoglobulin-cytokine fusion protein |
| DE19716892 | 1997-04-22 |
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| EP0874054A2 true EP0874054A2 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| EP0874054A3 EP0874054A3 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
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| EP98106176A Expired - Lifetime EP0874054B1 (en) | 1997-04-22 | 1998-04-03 | Vector for the expression of immunoglobulin-cytokine fusionproteins in malignant B Cells |
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| US (3) | US6673573B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0874054B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3802677B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE247170T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19716892C1 (en) |
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| ES (1) | ES2205303T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6911204B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2005-06-28 | Favrille, Inc. | Method and composition for altering a B cell mediated pathology |
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| US20100205679A9 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2010-08-12 | The Rockefeller University | Animals, cells and methods for production of detectably-labeled antibodies |
| WO2007149097A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | The Rockefeller University | Animals, cells and methods for production of detectably-labeled antibodies |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5202238A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1993-04-13 | Oncogen | Production of chimeric antibodies by homologous recombination |
| US5650150A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1997-07-22 | Gillies; Stephen D. | Recombinant antibody cytokine fusion proteins |
| ATE218889T1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 2002-06-15 | Stephen D Gillies | CYTOKINE IMMUNOCONJUGATES |
| ATE248924T1 (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 2003-09-15 | Us Gov Health & Human Serv | CARCINOEMBRYONAL ANTIGEN-EXPRESSING RECOMBINANT VIRUSES AND METHODS OF THEIR APPLICATION |
| WO1994004670A1 (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1994-03-03 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Use of the cytokine ip-10 as an anti-tumor agent |
| WO1994008601A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Enhancement of b cell lymphoma tumor resistance using idiotype/cytokine conjugates |
| DE4406512C1 (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-02-16 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Integration vectors for producing genes which encode recombinant antibodies |
| DE19541450C2 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-10-02 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Gene construct and its use |
| US5850150A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1998-12-15 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Final stage clock buffer in a clock distribution network |
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1997
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- 1998-04-03 ES ES98106176T patent/ES2205303T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-03 DE DE59809249T patent/DE59809249D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-03 EP EP98106176A patent/EP0874054B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-03 DK DK98106176T patent/DK0874054T3/en active
- 1998-04-03 AT AT98106176T patent/ATE247170T1/en active
- 1998-04-21 US US09/064,026 patent/US6673573B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-21 JP JP12679498A patent/JP3802677B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-11-18 US US10/716,580 patent/US20040072300A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6911204B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2005-06-28 | Favrille, Inc. | Method and composition for altering a B cell mediated pathology |
| US8114404B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2012-02-14 | Mmrglobal, Inc. | Method and composition for altering a B cell mediated pathology |
| US8637638B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2014-01-28 | Mmrglobal, Inc. | Method and composition for altering a B cell mediated pathology |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0874054B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| US6673573B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
| DE19716892C1 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
| ES2205303T3 (en) | 2004-05-01 |
| DE59809249D1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| US20110207211A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| JPH10295379A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
| US20020155111A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| DK0874054T3 (en) | 2003-12-08 |
| EP0874054A3 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
| ATE247170T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
| US20040072300A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| JP3802677B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
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