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EP0734713B1 - Support d'informations avec des parfums encapsulés et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Support d'informations avec des parfums encapsulés et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0734713B1
EP0734713B1 EP96104357A EP96104357A EP0734713B1 EP 0734713 B1 EP0734713 B1 EP 0734713B1 EP 96104357 A EP96104357 A EP 96104357A EP 96104357 A EP96104357 A EP 96104357A EP 0734713 B1 EP0734713 B1 EP 0734713B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data carrier
microcapsules
coating material
layer
scents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96104357A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0734713A3 (fr
EP0734713A2 (fr
Inventor
Monika Hörnig
Herbert Grün
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP0734713A2 publication Critical patent/EP0734713A2/fr
Publication of EP0734713A3 publication Critical patent/EP0734713A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0734713B1 publication Critical patent/EP0734713B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/006—Patterns of chemical products used for a specific purpose, e.g. pesticides, perfumes, adhesive patterns; use of microencapsulated material; Printing on smoking articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D2033/44—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249995—Constituent is in liquid form
    • Y10T428/249997—Encapsulated liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data carrier with encapsulated fragrances and a method for producing such a data carrier.
  • Data carriers with encapsulated fragrances are known, in particular be used for advertising purposes.
  • paper is used as a carrier material, which is printed with printing inks is added to which fragrances enclosed in microcapsules are.
  • the printing inks used contain in addition to the microcapsules usually dyes or pigments, binders and solvents.
  • the printing ink dries during the production of the known data carriers the printing on the paper background by knocking it into the data carrier and evaporation of the solvent.
  • the dyes or pigments are largely fixed to the paper surface with the aid of the binder.
  • By evaporation of the solvent and by knocking away the binder the volume of the applied printing ink is reduced in such a way that the microcapsules mixed in the printing ink in any case on the Paper surface are accessible.
  • DE 39 04 311 A1 proposes microcapsules Carrier materials with a non-striking surface by means of a Apply intermediate layer based on lacquer. This measure is based on the assumption that those made of organic material Microcapsules only on layers of paint and not on non-striking Cause surface adhesive forces through an adsorption effect. The Providing an intermediate layer based on paint, however, requires one additional process step in the application of the microcapsules.
  • the invention has for its object a new method and a data carrier that can be produced by the method is available put to the scope of microencapsulated fragrances expand on disks.
  • microcapsules are paints, varnishes or the like admixed and applied to non-striking surfaces can be if the microcapsules with the paints, varnishes etc. applied in a mixing ratio or a layer thickness be that, despite the non-striking surface, at least inevitably some of the microcapsules are accessible on the surface of the coating is.
  • This is according to the invention, for. B. by such a thin order the coating reaches that the microcapsules contained in the coating protrude from the coating.
  • microencapsulated fragrances also on data carriers made of non-impacting Material can be applied.
  • coating materials which are mixed with the microcapsules, for data carriers with non-striking surfaces, almost solvent-free Coating materials are chosen because the microcapsules according to the invention through the choice of the mixing ratio or the layer thickness and not by knocking away or evaporating a binder or a solvent are made accessible. The structure of the disk and the process for their manufacture can thus largely be retained become.
  • the coating material as a transparent cover layer over a large area Disk applied. This ensures that the whole is available standing surface or large parts of the same for application the encapsulated fragrances can be used.
  • the optimization required due to the addition of the encapsulated fragrances the composition of the coating material only once for this transparent coating material can be performed. The composition the printing inks used to display information on disk can be left unchanged.
  • a transparent cover layer is not desired, it is also possible to the coating material with the encapsulated fragrances added to use to create the information layer. In this case one colored coating material is used or several colored coating materials.
  • Coating materials which are particularly suitable in the context of the invention are which harden by polymerization, the polymerization by irradiation, especially favored by irradiation with ultraviolet light becomes.
  • the Control the hardening process very well. It should be noted, however, that the Radiation does not last too long, otherwise - probably as a result of heat generated during irradiation - there is a possibility that the Fragrances are released prematurely.
  • Hardening coating materials were particularly good results with a UV-curing lacquer with an addition of approx. 20 percent by weight encapsulated fragrances to the UV-curing lacquer can be achieved.
  • the optimal mixing ratio can vary depending on the coating material.
  • Fig. 1 shows a coated data carrier 1 in supervision. With this disk it can be, for example, a phone card or an identity card act.
  • the data carrier 1 usually consists of a non-impact material, for example made of plastic.
  • On this Data carrier 1 is an information layer 2.
  • This information layer 2 can, for example, lettering or pictorial information represent.
  • Information layer 2 is often used for telephone cards Advertising information represents.
  • the information layer represents 2 usually personal data and, if necessary, a photograph of the card holder.
  • the information layer 2 shows a cross section through the coated data carrier 1, so that the layer sequence is visible.
  • the information layer 2 can either be applied directly to the surface of the data carrier 1 or on a primer layer 5 covering the surface.
  • the Primer layer 5 can serve to seal the surface or to form a well-adhering surface for the information layer 2.
  • the Primer layer is optional and can depend on the area of application of the Data carrier 1 and the material from which the data carrier 1 or the information layer 2 exists, also omitted.
  • the information layer 2 can, as in 2, cover part of the surface of the data carrier 1.
  • data carrier 1 can also be completely covered with information layer 2 his.
  • information can represented, for example, by using different colors become.
  • the information layer 2 and the primer layer 5 can either only on one side of the data carrier 1 or on both Pages of the data carrier 1 may be applied.
  • elements shown can on or in disk 1 a number other elements may be present, for example a magnetic strip electronic module for contact or contactless data exchange, Laser lettering, embossing, watermarks and much more.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the coated data carrier 1 with a different layer sequence than shown in Fig. 2.
  • the one shown in Fig. 3 Embodiment covers a transparent cover layer 3 the data carrier 1 including information layer 2.
  • This coating can be partial or full be trained.
  • the primer layer 5 is again optional.
  • the encapsulated fragrances are usually not in the information layer 2, but in the transparent cover layer 3 included.
  • the encapsulated Fragrances in the information layer 2 or in the primer layer 5 are included.
  • the encapsulated fragrances can also be in several of the three layers - primer layer 5, information layer 2 and transparent cover layer 3 - be included.
  • Information layer 2 and the transparent cover layer 3 and the primer layer 5 can be applied to the data carrier 1 either on one side or on both sides. Similar to the text for FIG. 2, the data carrier 1 can be a series of other elements not shown in the figures.
  • the encapsulated fragrances by rubbing on the coated data carrier 1 or by pressing on the coated Disk 1 are partially released.
  • the release takes place by destroying some of the microcapsules that enclose the fragrances and the volatile fragrances escape.
  • the Microcapsules are not covered by a layer impermeable to fragrances his.
  • it must be ensured that the microcapsules Rubbing or pressure can be destroyed.
  • the microcapsules must not be embedded in such a way that they can be destroyed by rubbing or protected by pressure.
  • an adequate Number of microcapsules are present so the fragrances in a lot can be released that is clearly perceptible.
  • the ones described here Prerequisites for the later release of the fragrances can can be ensured by different measures that also can be combined with each other. These measures are based on of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 explained.
  • Fig. 4 shows a greatly enlarged section of a cross section through the Disk 1 on which a very thin layer 3 of the microcapsule Coating material is applied.
  • Layer 3 is so thin that the Microcapsules 4 protrude from layer 3 and therefore without further ado are accessible.
  • Such thin layers can be used, for example, in offset printing be applied. From Fig. 4 it is immediately apparent that by a suitable choice of the layer thickness of the coating material is ensured can be that the fragrances contained in the microcapsules 4 Destruction of the microcapsules 4 can be released into the environment.
  • Fig. 5 shows a greatly enlarged section of a cross section through the Data carrier 1 on which a layer 3 of the microcapsule-containing layer that is thicker than in FIG Coating material is applied.
  • Fig. 4 are a series of microcapsules 4 in Fig. 5 completely in the Layer 3 embedded.
  • microcapsules 4 and 5 is an example of the case where the microcapsules 4 are contained in layer 3 and an area of the data carrier is shown, in which the layer 3 is applied directly to the data carrier 1. How already explained above, can also in the primer layer 5 or in the Information layer 2 microcapsules 4 and the microcapsule-containing Layer does not have to be applied directly to the surface of the data carrier 1 but can also be, for example, a second or a third Form a layer.
  • microencapsulated fragrances added to a coating material that hardened by polymerization or other chemical processes without a striking ground is required.
  • a transparent coating material is used, the Curing is promoted by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
  • the microcapsules 4 are this coating material in a mixing ratio of about 20 percent by weight and carefully with mixed this. When mixing, make sure that if possible little pressure is exerted on the microcapsules 4 so that they are not already be destroyed during the manufacturing process.
  • the microcapsules 4 can also be mixed with a colored coating material that forms the information layer 2 or a coating material, that the primer layer 5 forms.
  • the coating material is usually applied to sheets or sheets of plastic, from which the data medium 1 will later be divided.
  • offset printing can be used with which can produce particularly thin layers, or the coating material can also be doctored.
  • make sure that the contact pressure is not so high may be chosen that the microcapsules 4 are destroyed. This will Expediently achieved in that the contact pressure during a test run is initially increased so much that fragrances are released and the pressure limit thus determined minus a safety distance at standard application is not exceeded.
  • the microcapsules 4 can be made of materials in whole or in part depending on their size be embedded in the surface structure. This makes the microcapsules when applying and overprinting with other layers largely protected against destruction due to excessive contact pressure. On later release of the fragrances is still possible because of the surface structure the sheets or sheets are deformable by pressure and the microcapsules 4 can be caused to burst.
  • a suitable one Choice of surface roughness, deformability of the surface structure and the size of the microcapsules 4 can be determined by a particular The amount of fragrance released can be varied.
  • Especially suitable for applying the coating material with microcapsules 4 is waterless offset printing. This printing process is very similar to conventional offset printing. However, it will be special siliconized printing plates used.
  • the printed data carriers 1 are irradiated with ultraviolet Exposed to light to harden the printed coating material.
  • the maximum permissible exposure time should be expedient be determined beforehand in a test run, similar to the contact pressure and must be strictly adhered to during the series run the microcapsules 4 are not destroyed prematurely.
  • hardening with ultraviolet light is also curing by means of infrared light or possible by means of electron radiation, in which case one for this type suitable hardening coating system must be used.
  • microcapsules 4 it is also possible to apply the microcapsules 4 and to produce them to separate the data carrier 1 procedurally.
  • This Lanes or sheets become data carriers for further processing 1 supplied, z. B. additional layers can be applied.
  • Manufacturing processes are particularly suitable for webs or sheets in which the microcapsules 4 are embedded in the surface structure, since the Microcapsules 4 then largely against unintended destruction, for example, are protected during transport.
  • the data carrier 1 is provided with at least two different ones microencapsulated fragrances coated.
  • the different fragrances can be in different layers - primer layer 5, information layer 2, transparent cover layer 3 - be present or in different Areas of the same layer.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un support d'informations (1) imprimé ayant une surface non absorbante et ayant des parfums microencapsulés disposés sur la surface du support d'informations dans la zone d'impression, ces parfums étant libérés par destruction mécanique des microcapsules (4), les microcapsules (4) étant déposées sur la surface du support d'informations (1) avec un matériau de revêtement en rapport de mélange ou en une épaisseur de couche de telle manière qu'au moins une partie des microcapsules (4) sur la surface du revêtement (3) est accessible, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un matériau de revêtement pratiquement dépourvu de solvants, si bien que les microcapsules sont rendues accessibles soit en choisissant le rapport de mélange soit en choisissant l'épaisseur de couche et non par l'absorption d'un liant ou l'évaporation d'un solvant.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sous forme de couche tellement mince sur le support d'informations (1) qu'au moins une partie des microcapsules dépasse forcément du revêtement (3).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement déposé sur le support d'informations (1) est durci par polymérisation ou par une autre réaction chimique.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la polymérisation est favorisée par irradiation, notamment par irradiation avec un rayonnement ultraviolet.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la durée de l'irradiation est choisie de telle manière qu'il ne se produise pas au cours de l'irradiation une libération des parfums en quantité significative.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la rugosité de la surface du support d'information (1) et la taille des microcapsules (4) sont choisies de telle manière que les microcapsules (4) soient au moins partiellement incorporées dans la surface du support d'informations (1).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sous la forme d'une couche d'apprêt (5) et/ou d'une couche d'informations (2) et/ou d'une couche de surface transparente (3) sur le support d'informations (1).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé en grande surface, de préférence sur toute la surface, sur une face ou les deux faces du support d'informations (1).
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on dépose au moins deux parfums différents sur le support d'informations (1).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sur le support d'informations (1) par un procédé d'impression, notamment par impression offset.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la pression d'application lors de l'impression du matériau de revêtement est adaptée à la stabilité des parfums microencapsulés.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sur le support d'informations (1) en impression offset sans eau.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement contient 20 % en poids de parfums encapsulés.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le support d'informations (1) est une carte téléphonique, ou une carte d'identité.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes; caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sur une feuille ou une bande de plastique qui sera divisée ultérieurement pour former le support d'informations (1).
  16. Support d'informations (1) imprimé ayant des parfums microencapsulés disposés sur la surface du support d'informations dans la zone d'impression, dans lequel les parfums sont libérés par destruction mécanique des microcapsules (4), le support d'informations (1) présentant une surface non absorbante, sur laquelle les microcapsules (4) sont déposées avec un matériau de revêtement de telle manière qu'au moins une partie des microcapsules (4) sur la surface du revêtement (3) est accessible, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (3) est tellement mince qu'au moins une partie des microcapsules dépasse forcément du revêtement (3).
  17. Support d'informations selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la rugosité de la surface du support d'informations (1) et la taille des microcapsules (4) sont adaptées de telle manière que les microcapsules (4) soient au moins partiellement incorporées dans la surface du support d'informations (1).
  18. Support d'informations selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé sous la forme d'une couche d'apprêt (5) et/ou d'une couche d'informations (2) et/ou d'une couche de surface transparente (3) sur le support d'informations (1).
  19. Support d'informations selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est déposé en grande surface, de préférence sur toute la surface, sur une face ou les deux faces du support d'informations (1).
  20. Support d'informations selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisé en ce que l'on dépose au moins deux parfums différents sur le support d'informations (1).
  21. Support d'informations selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement contient 20 % en poids de parfums encapsulés.
  22. Support d'informations selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le support d'informations (1) est une carte téléphonique, ou une carte d'identité.
EP96104357A 1995-03-30 1996-03-19 Support d'informations avec des parfums encapsulés et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0734713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19511780A DE19511780A1 (de) 1995-03-30 1995-03-30 Datenträger mit verkapselten Duftstoffen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE19511780 1995-03-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0734713A2 EP0734713A2 (fr) 1996-10-02
EP0734713A3 EP0734713A3 (fr) 1997-03-19
EP0734713B1 true EP0734713B1 (fr) 2002-12-04

Family

ID=7758225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96104357A Expired - Lifetime EP0734713B1 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-19 Support d'informations avec des parfums encapsulés et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6004666A (fr)
EP (1) EP0734713B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE228816T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19511780A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2186740T3 (fr)

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US6004666A (en) 1999-12-21
ATE228816T1 (de) 2002-12-15
EP0734713A3 (fr) 1997-03-19
ES2186740T3 (es) 2003-05-16
EP0734713A2 (fr) 1996-10-02
DE59609932D1 (de) 2003-01-16
DE19511780A1 (de) 1996-10-02

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