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EP0731897A1 - Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains et utilisation des cendres resultantes - Google Patents

Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains et utilisation des cendres resultantes

Info

Publication number
EP0731897A1
EP0731897A1 EP95900791A EP95900791A EP0731897A1 EP 0731897 A1 EP0731897 A1 EP 0731897A1 EP 95900791 A EP95900791 A EP 95900791A EP 95900791 A EP95900791 A EP 95900791A EP 0731897 A1 EP0731897 A1 EP 0731897A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
air
grate
combustion chamber
burning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95900791A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0731897B1 (fr
Inventor
Erik Saiha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biowork Oy
Original Assignee
AUVINEN KYOESTI
AUVINEN KYOESTI
Auvinen Kyosti
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AUVINEN KYOESTI, AUVINEN KYOESTI, Auvinen Kyosti filed Critical AUVINEN KYOESTI
Publication of EP0731897A1 publication Critical patent/EP0731897A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0731897B1 publication Critical patent/EP0731897B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for burning municipal wastes, in which method solid wastes are pyrolyzed on a grate by introducing primary combustion air from below the grate, and in which method the formed gas phase, to which secondary com ⁇ bustion air is added, is conveyed to a combustion chamber for the burning of the combustible components present therein.
  • wastes of a low thermal value mixed with a fuel with a higher thermal value such as fuel oil or natural gas
  • wastes resembling them such as waste oil or solvents.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method based on burning on a grate, by which method unsorted municipal wastes can be disposed of in a more economical and more environment-friendly manner.
  • the method according to the inven ⁇ tion is characterized in that the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber is adjusted by means of air feed to at least 850 °C, that the ash separating from the solids burning on the grate is caused, at least in part, to melt, in which case it, upon cooling, will form granular particles which contain only inorganic matter, and that the said secondary air is fed into a gas flow passing the grate in such a manner that a turbulent mixing of gases will occur in the grate area.
  • Burning of wastes in accordance with the invention presupposes that the combustion temperature is continuously sufficiently high, at least the said 850 °C, that the combustion conditions on the grate and in the combustion chamber are stationary also in other respects. Ash formed at the said temperatures in part melts and in part becomes sintered into small drops, so that the molten phase is on the surface of sintered particle nuclei. In this case the ash does not produce much dust, a factor which enables secondary air to be mixed in a turbulent manner with the gas phase produced by pyrolysis and containing combustible components; this, in turn, will ensure effective mixing to form a homogenous gas mixture which, when burning in the combustion chamber, will maintain the desired high temperature.
  • the lack of dust in the ash presupposes that there are silicates pres ⁇ ent, for example silicate of sodium, potassium or aluminum; municipal waste, however, always contains these, for example, in the form of dust and sand.
  • the primary air is preferably fed to the upstream section of the grate, which may be tilted, and the secondary air is fed to the downstream section of the grate, on which the final burning of the solids takes place and on which the ash is at least in part in molten state.
  • the sec ⁇ ondary air may be fed into the mixing zone of pyrolysis gases and air in the downstream section of the grate from a feeding conduit which at the same time serves as a wall separating the waste-containing fuel silo and the combustion chamber from each other.
  • the feed conduit separates from each other the pyrolysis zone in the silo and the gas combustion zone made up of the combustion chamber, the mixing zone of gas and air between these being located substantially at the tip of the conduit.
  • the invention facilitates the treatment of flue gases leaving the combustion chamber, the treatment typically including cleansing by means of a dust separator, as well as acid and alkaline scrubbing steps, the amounts of solid waste to be separated and the liquid filtrate are reduced, and the purified flue gas released into the atmosphere is cleaner with respect to solid impurities.
  • the maintenance of the high combustion temperature required by the invention is promoted by effective pre-heating, preferably to at least 800 °C, of the secondary air to be fed in.
  • the combustion chamber may be provided with an auxiliary burner to provide the required additional heat.
  • a temperature of at least 850 °C is an indispensable condition for complete combustion of dioxins and other organic compounds.
  • the invention relates not only to a method of burning wastes but also to the use of the granular ash particles, formed in the combustion, made up of only inorganic matter, and having a diameter of approx. 1-5 mm, as a filler material for earth construction. Owing to their thermal insulation capacity the particles are especially suitable for groundfrost insulation in road-beds.
  • unassorted munici ⁇ pal wastes 1 are burned which typically contain paper, card ⁇ board, plastics, food scraps, dust, sand, glass, ceramic mate ⁇ rial and metal, the quantities of which may vary according to the origin of the wastes.
  • the wastes 1 may be preliminarily comminuted or standardized in particle size, and they are fed into the fuel silo 2 in such a manner that their surface level 3 in the silo remains within a predetermined range.
  • the wastes 1 fed into the silo 2 rest on a grate in the lower section of the silo, the grate comprising an upstream section 4 tilted in the waste flow direction and a horizontal downstream section 5.
  • Primary combustion air is introduced into the wastes 1 from below the grate 4, and secondary combustion air is fed via a conduit 6 past the column of waste in the silo.
  • the apparatus comprises a feed conduit 7 for tertiary air, via which additional air can be fed into the combustion chamber 8 subsequent to the silo 2 and the grate 4, 5.
  • the feed conduit 6 for secondary air forms a wall separating the silo 2 and the combustion chamber 8 from each other, the distance of its lower edge, i.e. the tip of the conduit, from the grate 5 below being approx. 30 % of the distance between the silo wall and the conduit at the upstream section of the grate.
  • the said distance is relatively smaller than in prior known apparatuses, and its purpose is to separate from each other the process stages taking place in the silo 2 and the combustion chamber 8.
  • it can be made movable in the lateral and ver ⁇ tical directions.
  • the gas phase also contains dioxins, which are formed from the aromatic compounds and chlorine present in the wastes. What is essential in the pyrolysis is that it takes place entirely in the silo 2 before the slot between the tip of the secondary-air conduit 6 and the grate 5, and thus separate from the combustion occurring in the combustion chamber 8.
  • the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 8 is at least 850 °C; this is a prerequisite both for the complete combustion of coke and for the decomposi ⁇ tion of the formed dioxins and other chlorinated polyaromates.
  • the temperature of the ash left from the coke on the grate 5 is approx. 1000 - 1050 °C, at which the ash at least in part melts and forms drops which, upon cooling, form pumice-like particles having a diameter of approx. 1-5 mm.
  • the formed ash particles 9 accumulate under the grate 5 on the bottom of the silo.
  • the at least partly molten ash formed from municipal wastes is charac ⁇ terized in that it does not notably form dust; this allows secondary air, pre-heated to approx. 800 °C, to be fed from the conduit 6 into the mixing zone at the downstream section 5 of the grate in such a manner that the gas phase separated in the pyrolysis and the air are mixed turbulently to form a homoge ⁇ nous mixture which, in turn, maintains stationary combustion conditions and a high combustion temperature.
  • the combustion process is preferably monitored and controlled by using a com ⁇ puter which regulates the feeding in of combustion air to main ⁇ tain constant the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber.
  • the temporarily required additional heat can be generated by using an auxiliary burner 10 located in the combustion chamber 8 and using gas or oil.
  • the process according to the invention operates on the basis of only the combustion heat released from the wastes .
  • a substan ⁇ tially complete combustion of the organic material present in the wastes and a low dust content in the flue gas leaving the combustion chamber 8 are achieved.
  • the feeding in of combustion air is proportioned so that the flue gas leaving the combustion chamber will retain oxygen in an amount of approx. 8-15 %, preferably approx. 11-13 %.
  • the flue gas will contain dust at maximum 100 mg/m 3, in the best case less than 40 mg/m3.
  • the flue gases leaving the combustion chamber 8 travel to a heat exchanger 11, where they are cooled to a temperature below 200 °C.
  • the recovered heat is used, for example, for district heating.
  • the cooled flue gas travels further to a dust filter 12, which separates 85-95 % of the dust into a container 13. This dust is a hazardous waste; however, it can be recycled to the combustion stage.
  • the flue gas leaving the dust filter 12 travels to the gas scrubber 14, where it is first moistened with water and thereafter scrubbed with acid and alkali solu ⁇ tions, which are fed in via conduits 15 and 16.
  • the overflows from the acid and alkali scrubbing steps are directed via conduits 17 and 18 to a mixing container, where they neutralize each other and from where the neutralized waste solution trav ⁇ els to a filter 20, where the solids 21 are separated and from where the remaining solution 22, which mainly contains sodium salts, is removed to the drain.
  • the flue gases 23 cleansed in the scrubber 14 can be released into the atmosphere.
  • the invention was tested in a pilot apparatus in accordance with the above.
  • the results obtained in several trial runs have been converted below numerically to correspond to an apparatus with a capacity of 1000 kg of waste/h, which is sufficient for the disposing of the wastes produced by a community of 20,000 inhabitants.
  • the dry matter content of the wastes was 60 %, and according to an elemental analysis the dry matter (600 kg/h) contained carbon 43.0 %, oxygen 29.0 %, hydrogen 6.0 %, chlorine 0.8 %, nitrogen 0.4 %, sulfur 0.08 %, and ash 21.0 %.
  • the flow rate of the gas produced in the pyrolysis was at its highest approx. 15 m/s and on average, calculated over the entire cross sectional area of the slot, approx. 6 m/s.
  • the flue gas contained fly ash 40 mg/m , in which the portion
  • the amount of ash separated by the dust filter was 190 g/h, which contained organic matter (loss by combustion) 90 g/h and heavy metals 20 g/h. In the flue gas leaving the filter, fly 3 ash 6 mg/m and organic matter 3 mg/m were measured.
  • the composition of the flue gas leaving the flue gas scrubber was nitrogen 80.2 %, oxygen 11.0 %, and carbon dioxide 8.7 %.
  • the amount of carbon monoxide measured was 35 mg/m , of oxides

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'incinération de déchets urbains. Les déchets solides (1), non triés, sont pyrolysés sur une grille (4, 5). L'air primaire de combustion est introduit par dessous et la phase gazeuse ainsi formée, à laquelle vient d'ajouter de l'air secondaire, est dirigé vers une chambre de combustion (8) où brûlent les constituants combustibles du gaz. L'idée de base de l'invention réside dans l'adjonction d'air qui porte la température dans la chambre de combustion (8) à au moins 850° et fait fondre au moins partiellement les cendres provenant des déchets brûlant sur la grille (4, 5) qui en se refroidissant forment des particules (9) purement inorganiques, et provoque un mélange tourbillonnaire de l'air et des gaz de pyrolyse dans la région de la grille. A ladite température, la combustion des matières organiques est complète, tandis que les cendres ponceuses formées peuvent par exemple servir de matière de remplissage pour terrassements.
EP95900791A 1993-11-29 1994-11-28 Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains et utilisation des cendres resultantes Expired - Lifetime EP0731897B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI935316A FI101572B (fi) 1993-11-29 1993-11-29 Menetelmä yhdyskuntajätteen polttamiseksi sekä poltossa syntyvän tuhka n käyttö
FI935316 1993-11-29
PCT/FI1994/000530 WO1995014885A1 (fr) 1993-11-29 1994-11-28 Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains et utilisation des cendres resultantes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0731897A1 true EP0731897A1 (fr) 1996-09-18
EP0731897B1 EP0731897B1 (fr) 1999-10-27

Family

ID=8539029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95900791A Expired - Lifetime EP0731897B1 (fr) 1993-11-29 1994-11-28 Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains et utilisation des cendres resultantes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0731897B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE186111T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8146894A (fr)
DE (1) DE69421412T2 (fr)
FI (1) FI101572B (fr)
RU (1) RU2133408C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995014885A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPN644895A0 (en) * 1995-11-08 1995-11-30 Miltox Holdings Pte Ltd Method and apparatus for waste treatment
CH691404A5 (de) * 1995-10-06 2001-07-13 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Entsorgung von losem Müll.
ATE168182T1 (de) * 1995-10-06 1998-07-15 Consorzio Obbligatorio Naziona Entfernung saurer gase und partikeln bei hoher temperatur im müllverbrennungsverfahren
RU2135896C1 (ru) * 1998-12-28 1999-08-27 Открытое акционерное общество "ВНИИЭТО" Способ термической переработки твердых отходов и устройство для его осуществления
FI123432B (fi) 2011-12-02 2013-04-30 Jyvaeskylaen En Oy Menetelmä tuhkan, erityisesti lentotuhkan käsittelemiseksi

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1526076A1 (de) * 1965-07-06 1970-01-08 Wolfgang Staesche Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen
CH516770A (de) * 1967-07-06 1971-12-15 Von Roll Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Abfallstoffen
SE401033B (sv) * 1976-08-05 1978-04-17 Bruun & Soerensen Anordning vid forbrenningsugn med efterbrenningskammare
DE3345867A1 (de) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-27 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen verwertung von rueckstaenden
LU85980A1 (fr) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-13 Alpha Foundation Procede et installation pour l'incineration de combustibiles
US4732092A (en) * 1985-09-30 1988-03-22 G.G.C., Inc. Pyrolysis and combustion apparatus
DE3811820A1 (de) * 1987-08-03 1989-02-16 Siemens Ag Verfahren und anlage zur thermischen abfallentsorgung
DE3937866A1 (de) * 1989-03-06 1990-09-13 Pauli Balduin Rostanordnung und verfahren zum verbrennen von muell und abfall
DE3922060A1 (de) * 1989-07-05 1991-01-17 Norbert Harlander Feuerungsanlage fuer feste brennstoffe mit sekundaerbrenner
EP0581918B1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1998-11-11 KÜNSTLER, Hans Procede de fusion de residus de combustion dans des scories

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9514885A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE186111T1 (de) 1999-11-15
DE69421412D1 (de) 1999-12-02
RU2133408C1 (ru) 1999-07-20
FI101572B1 (fi) 1998-07-15
EP0731897B1 (fr) 1999-10-27
FI935316A0 (fi) 1993-11-29
WO1995014885A1 (fr) 1995-06-01
FI101572B (fi) 1998-07-15
FI935316A7 (fi) 1995-05-30
AU8146894A (en) 1995-06-13
DE69421412T2 (de) 2000-06-21

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