EP0729162A1 - Process for the fabrication of a material for electric contact composite - Google Patents
Process for the fabrication of a material for electric contact composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0729162A1 EP0729162A1 EP96400406A EP96400406A EP0729162A1 EP 0729162 A1 EP0729162 A1 EP 0729162A1 EP 96400406 A EP96400406 A EP 96400406A EP 96400406 A EP96400406 A EP 96400406A EP 0729162 A1 EP0729162 A1 EP 0729162A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon fibers
- metal powder
- length
- mixture
- grinding
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000133 mechanosynthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a composite electrical contact material, in particular suitable for circuit breakers, this material being based on powder of a metal which is a good electrical conductor such as silver, copper or their compounds, and comprising carbon fibers distributed in the metallic matrix. It also relates to the material obtained by this process.
- Such materials are commonly used to make contact pads in electromechanical devices such as circuit breakers or switches.
- the primary function of carbon or graphite present in the metal matrix is to reduce the risk of contact soldering.
- the presence of graphite leads to increased mechanical and / or electrical erosion of the material.
- the resistance to erosion is certainly improved, but this improvement is acquired at the cost of an alteration in the behavior of the contact at welding.
- the carbon fibers are mixed with the metal powder with the addition of wetting agents, lubricants and solvents by the wet method, then drying, compression and sintering are carried out.
- the disadvantage of such a process is that it involves complications inherent in a wet process.
- the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the drawbacks described and to make it possible to produce in a simple manner a metalcarbon composite contact material with a fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure suitable for application in circuit breakers, this material showing good resistance to erosion both under nominal current and under short-circuit current, as well as satisfactory anti-welding behavior and low and stable contact resistance.
- the carbon is therefore exclusively present in the form of residues of short carbon fibers, the statistical distribution of length of which is centered on the abovementioned final average value, and which are distributed homogeneously in the metal matrix.
- the material shows good anti-welding behavior and a low and stable contact resistance, at the same time as, thanks to the semi-crystalline structure specific to all of the carbon elements inserted in the metallic matrix, low erosion under nominal current or under short circuit current.
- the compromise between these qualities is determined inter alia by the choice of the final average length of the fiber residues, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
- commercially available carbon fibers are chosen, with an average length L1 of between approximately 100 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, and delivered with a small standard deviation, and diameter between 4 and 20 ⁇ m.
- These fibers are subjected to a cold and dry mechanical treatment in a ball mill, a planetary mill or an opposing air jet mill; the conditions of intensity and duration of the grinding make it possible to obtain fibers the length of which is statistically distributed around an average value much lower than the initial average value and with a standard deviation greater than the initial standard deviation, then are added in a weight proportion of about 2 to 5% by weight to the metal powder.
- This powder is essentially a powder of silver, or of copper, or of their alloys, of usual particle size, with optionally addition elements such as nickel, tungsten, titanium nitride, tungsten carbide or other similar elements. .
- the metal powder is mixed with the crushed carbon fibers in the dry process in a mechanical paddle mixer in step 20 until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which then undergoes unitary compression 30, then sintering. 40, so as to obtain an isotropic material structure.
- the commercial carbon fibers are mixed directly cold and dry with the metal powder in a mechanosynthesis step 21, for example in a ball mill or a planetary mill, such as grinding above fibers is carried out concomitantly with mixing with the metal powder.
- the homogeneous mixture then undergoes, as previously, a unit compression 30 and a sintering 40.
- Gaussian distributions of fiber residues of different lengths are thus obtained from fibers whose initial length L1 is from 100 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m (see FIG. 3), according to a unimodal distribution of average value L2 less than 20 ⁇ m.
- Example graphite fibers, with an initial average length of 300 ⁇ m, undergo attrition in a ball mill until fiber residues with an average length of less than 20 ⁇ m are obtained and are mixed in a weight proportion of 2 to 5% with silver powder.
- the weldability of the final material obtained is excellent and its erosion in electrical endurance is very low.
- FIG. 4 shows on a 280 scale a micrograph of the surface of the material after a 12 kA breaking test at 250 V; it can be seen that the contact surface retains after breaking under short-circuit current its fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure of fiber residues 50 of variable length and any orientation in the silver matrix 51.
- the material described is particularly suitable for use in circuit breakers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de contact électrique composite, notamment approprié à des disjoncteurs, ce matériau étant à base de poudre d'un métal bon conducteur électrique tel que l'argent, le cuivre ou leurs composés, et comprenant des fibres de carbone réparties dans la matrice métallique. Elle concerne également le matériau obtenu par ce procédé.The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a composite electrical contact material, in particular suitable for circuit breakers, this material being based on powder of a metal which is a good electrical conductor such as silver, copper or their compounds, and comprising carbon fibers distributed in the metallic matrix. It also relates to the material obtained by this process.
De tels matériaux sont couramment utilisés pour réaliser des pastilles de contact dans des appareils électromécaniques tels que disjoncteurs ou interrupteurs. Le carbone ou graphite présent dans la matrice métallique a pour fonction première de réduire le risque de soudure des contacts. Toutefois, la présence du graphite entraîne une érosion mécanique et/ou électrique accrue du matériau.Such materials are commonly used to make contact pads in electromechanical devices such as circuit breakers or switches. The primary function of carbon or graphite present in the metal matrix is to reduce the risk of contact soldering. However, the presence of graphite leads to increased mechanical and / or electrical erosion of the material.
Lorsque le carbone est apporté sous forme de fibres - voir par exemple le document US-4 699 763 - la résistance à l'érosion est certes améliorée, mais cette amélioration est acquise au prix d'une altération du comportement du contact à la soudure. Les fibres de carbone sont mélangées à la poudre métallique avec apport d'agents mouillant, lubrifiant et solvant par voie humide, puis on effectue un séchage, une compression et un frittage. L'inconvénient d'un tel procédé est qu'il implique des complications inhérentes à un processus conduit en voie humide.When the carbon is supplied in the form of fibers - see for example the document US Pat. No. 4,699,763 - the resistance to erosion is certainly improved, but this improvement is acquired at the cost of an alteration in the behavior of the contact at welding. The carbon fibers are mixed with the metal powder with the addition of wetting agents, lubricants and solvents by the wet method, then drying, compression and sintering are carried out. The disadvantage of such a process is that it involves complications inherent in a wet process.
Pour trouver un compromis acceptable entre le comportement du matériau à l'érosion et son comportement antisoudure, il est proposé d'après le document DE-41 11 683 de mélanger des particules de graphite à des fibres de carbone, ce mélange étant incorporé à la poudre métallique. Par l'apport hybride ainsi réalisé dans la matrice métallique, on peut obtenir des comportements du matériau à l'érosion et à la soudure intermédiaires entre ceux qu'il aurait montrés avec apport de particules de graphite seules ou apport de fibres de carbone seules. Mais il s'avère que, sous de fortes sollicitations et en particulier sous courant de court-circuit, les particules de graphite, de par leur parfaite structure cristalline, montrent une tendance à être expulsées de la surface du matériau ; cette expulsion détériore la surface du matériau d'une manière telle que les fibres de carbone en sont également expulsées à leur tour. Il en résulte un enrichissement de la surface en argent et donc une altération des qualités initialement recherchées par l'apport de graphite.To find an acceptable compromise between the behavior of the material in erosion and its anti-welding behavior, it is proposed according to document DE-41 11 683 to mix graphite particles with carbon fibers, this mixture being incorporated in the metallic powder. By the hybrid contribution thus produced in the metallic matrix, it is possible to obtain behaviors of the material in erosion and in welding intermediate between those which it would have shown with contribution of graphite particles alone or contribution of carbon fibers alone. However, it turns out that, under high stresses and in particular under short-circuit current, the graphite particles, by their perfect crystalline structure, show a tendency to be expelled from the surface of the material; this expulsion deteriorates the surface of the material in such a way that the carbon fibers are also expelled in turn. This results in an enrichment of the surface in silver and therefore an alteration of the qualities initially sought by the addition of graphite.
Dans le document EP-171 339 est décrit un procédé de fabrication de contacts électriques par imprégnation d'un substrat de fibres de carbone par un métal liquide sous pression, puis par filage à chaud du mélange ainsi obtenu. Les fibres de carbone sont sectionnées au cours du filage en filament orientés dans la direction de filage et ayant l'inconvénient de présenter une longueur comprise entre 15 µm et 150 µm, c'est-à-dire une longueur moyenne nettement supérieure à 50 µm. On constate que les contacts résultants montrent une trop forte propension au soudage.In document EP-171,339, a method of manufacturing electrical contacts is described by impregnating a carbon fiber substrate with a liquid metal under pressure, then by hot spinning of the mixture thus obtained. The carbon fibers are sectioned during spinning in filament oriented in the spinning direction and having the drawback of having a length of between 15 μm and 150 μm, that is to say an average length clearly greater than 50 μm. . It is noted that the resulting contacts show an excessively high propensity for welding.
L'invention a donc pour but d'éviter les inconvénients décrits et de permettre de réaliser de manière simple un matériau de contact composite métalcarbone à structure fine, homogène et isotrope appropriée à l'application dans des disjoncteurs, ce matériau montrant une bonne résistance à l'érosion à la fois sous courant nominal et sous courant de court-circuit, ainsi qu'un comportement antisoudure satisfaisant et une résistance de contact faible et stable.The object of the invention is therefore to avoid the drawbacks described and to make it possible to produce in a simple manner a metalcarbon composite contact material with a fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure suitable for application in circuit breakers, this material showing good resistance to erosion both under nominal current and under short-circuit current, as well as satisfactory anti-welding behavior and low and stable contact resistance.
Selon l'invention, dans le procédé décrit en préambule,
- les fibres de carbone, dont la longueur initiale a une valeur moyenne prédéterminée, subissent un traitement mécanique d'attrition ou de broyage,
- les conditions de broyage sont déterminées de manière à engendrer des résidus de fibres de carbone broyées dont la longueur finale est répartie statistiquement de manière prédéterminée autour d'une valeur moyenne significativement inférieure à la valeur moyenne initiale,
- le mélange des résidus de fibres broyées à la poudre métallique est tel qu'ils sont distribués de manière isotrope dans le matériau.
- carbon fibers, the initial length of which has a predetermined average value, undergo a mechanical attrition or grinding treatment,
- the grinding conditions are determined so as to generate milled carbon fiber residues whose final length is statistically distributed in a predetermined manner around an average value significantly lower than the initial average value,
- the mixture of the crushed fiber residues with the metal powder is such that they are isotropically distributed in the material.
Dans le matériau ainsi obtenu, le carbone est donc exclusivement présent sous forme de résidus de fibres de carbone courtes, dont la répartition statistique de longueur est centrée sur la valeur moyenne finale précitée, et qui sont distribués de manière homogène dans la matrice métallique. Le matériau montre un bon comportement antisoudure et une résistance de contact faible et stable, en même temps que, grâce à la structure semi-cristalline propre à l'ensemble des éléments carbonés insérés dans la matrice métallique, une faible érosion sous courant nominal ou sous courant de court-circuit. Le compromis entre ces qualités est déterminé entre autres par le choix de la longueur moyenne finale des résidus de fibres, de préférence entre 5 µm et 20 µm.In the material thus obtained, the carbon is therefore exclusively present in the form of residues of short carbon fibers, the statistical distribution of length of which is centered on the abovementioned final average value, and which are distributed homogeneously in the metal matrix. The material shows good anti-welding behavior and a low and stable contact resistance, at the same time as, thanks to the semi-crystalline structure specific to all of the carbon elements inserted in the metallic matrix, low erosion under nominal current or under short circuit current. The compromise between these qualities is determined inter alia by the choice of the final average length of the fiber residues, preferably between 5 μm and 20 μm.
Les avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation, en regard des dessins annexés.
- La figure 1 est un diagramme illustrant les différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention.
- La figure 2 en illustre une variante.
- La figure 3 montre la répartition statistique des longueurs de fibres de carbone avant et après broyage.
- La figure 4 est une micrographie de la surface du matériau après coupure sous courant de court-circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the different stages of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates a variant.
- FIG. 3 shows the statistical distribution of the lengths of carbon fibers before and after grinding.
- FIG. 4 is a micrograph of the surface of the material after breaking under short-circuit current.
Dans le mode de réalisation du procédé qui est illustré sur la figure 1, on choisit des fibres de carbone disponibles dans le commerce, de longueur moyenne L1 comprise entre environ 100 µm et 800 µm, et livrées avec un faible écart-type, et de diamètre compris entre 4 et 20 µm. Ces fibres subissent un traitement mécanique à froid et à sec 10 dans un broyeur à boulets, un broyeur planétaire ou un broyeur à jets d'air opposés ; les conditions d'intensité et de durée du broyage permettent d'obtenir des fibres dont la longueur est répartie statistiquement autour d'une valeur moyenne très inférieure à la valeur moyenne initiale et avec un écart-type supérieur à l'écart-type initial, puis sont ajoutées en proportion pondérale d'environ 2 à 5% en poids à la poudre métallique. Cette poudre est essentiellement une poudre d'argent, ou de cuivre, ou de leurs alliages, de granulométrie usuelle, avec éventuellement des éléments d'addition tels que du nickel, tungstène, nitrure de titane, carbure de tungstène ou d'autres éléments analogues. Le mélange de la poudre de métal aux fibres de carbone broyées s'effectue en voie sèche dans un mélangeur mécanique à pales dans l'étape 20 jusqu'à obtention d'un mélange homogène, qui subit ensuite une compression unitaire 30, puis un frittage 40, de manière à obtenir une structure de matériau isotrope.In the embodiment of the method which is illustrated in FIG. 1, commercially available carbon fibers are chosen, with an average length L1 of between approximately 100 μm and 800 μm, and delivered with a small standard deviation, and diameter between 4 and 20 µm. These fibers are subjected to a cold and dry mechanical treatment in a ball mill, a planetary mill or an opposing air jet mill; the conditions of intensity and duration of the grinding make it possible to obtain fibers the length of which is statistically distributed around an average value much lower than the initial average value and with a standard deviation greater than the initial standard deviation, then are added in a weight proportion of about 2 to 5% by weight to the metal powder. This powder is essentially a powder of silver, or of copper, or of their alloys, of usual particle size, with optionally addition elements such as nickel, tungsten, titanium nitride, tungsten carbide or other similar elements. . The metal powder is mixed with the crushed carbon fibers in the dry process in a mechanical paddle mixer in
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré figure 2, les fibres de carbone du commerce sont mélangées directement à froid et à sec à la poudre métallique dans une étape de mécanosynthèse 21, par exemple dans un broyeur à boulets ou un broyeur planétaire, telle que le broyage précité des fibres s'effectue de manière concomitante au mélange avec la poudre métallique. Le mélange homogène subit alors comme précédemment une compression unitaire 30 et un frittage 40.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the commercial carbon fibers are mixed directly cold and dry with the metal powder in a
On obtient ainsi à partir de fibres dont la longueur initiale L1 est de 100 µm à 800 µm (voir figure 3) des répartitions gaussiennes de résidus de fibres de longueurs différentes, selon une répartition unimodale de valeur moyenne L2 inférieure à 20 µm.Gaussian distributions of fiber residues of different lengths are thus obtained from fibers whose initial length L1 is from 100 μm to 800 μm (see FIG. 3), according to a unimodal distribution of average value L2 less than 20 μm.
Exemple : les fibres de graphite, de longueur moyenne initiale 300 µm, subissent une attrition dans un broyeur à boulets jusqu'à obtention de résidus de fibres d'une longueur moyenne inférieure à 20 µm et sont mélangées en proportion pondérale de 2 à 5% avec de la poudre d'argent. La soudabilité du matériau final obtenu est excellente et son érosion en endurance électrique est très faible. La figure 4 montre à l'échelle 280 une micrographie de la surface du matériau après un essai de coupure de 12 kA sous 250 V ; on constate que la surface de contact garde après coupure sous courant de court-circuit sa structure fine, homogène et isotrope de résidus de fibres 50 de longueur variable et d'orientation quelconque dans la matrice d'argent 51. Example : graphite fibers, with an initial average length of 300 µm, undergo attrition in a ball mill until fiber residues with an average length of less than 20 µm are obtained and are mixed in a weight proportion of 2 to 5% with silver powder. The weldability of the final material obtained is excellent and its erosion in electrical endurance is very low. FIG. 4 shows on a 280 scale a micrograph of the surface of the material after a 12 kA breaking test at 250 V; it can be seen that the contact surface retains after breaking under short-circuit current its fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure of
Par son comportement en court-circuit, le matériau décrit est particulièrement approprié à être utilisé dans des disjoncteurs.Due to its short circuit behavior, the material described is particularly suitable for use in circuit breakers.
Claims (6)
caractérisé par le fait que :
characterized by the fact that:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9502343A FR2731106A1 (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1995-02-27 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE ELECTRIC CONTACT MATERIAL |
| FR9502343 | 1995-02-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0729162A1 true EP0729162A1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
| EP0729162B1 EP0729162B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
Family
ID=9476600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19960400406 Expired - Lifetime EP0729162B1 (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1996-02-26 | Process for the fabrication of a material for electric contact composite |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0729162B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69603387T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2135179T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2731106A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2842019A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-09 | Alstom | ARC CONTACT MEMBER FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, CONTACT ASSEMBLY, AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS THEREOF |
| WO2005046000A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-05-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Contact surfaces for electrical contacts |
| EP1655749A1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-10 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Contact pastille for a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker, movable electrical contact with such a pastille and circuit breaker with such a contact |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070145097A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Intel Corporation | Carbon nanotubes solder composite for high performance interconnect |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0171339A1 (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-12 | Le Carbone Lorraine | Method of making electrical contacts |
| US4699763A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1987-10-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers |
| JPS62284031A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-12-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Electrical contact material and its manufacturing method |
| DE4111683A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-22 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS MADE OF SILVER WITH CARBON |
-
1995
- 1995-02-27 FR FR9502343A patent/FR2731106A1/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 ES ES96400406T patent/ES2135179T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-26 DE DE1996603387 patent/DE69603387T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-26 EP EP19960400406 patent/EP0729162B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0171339A1 (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-12 | Le Carbone Lorraine | Method of making electrical contacts |
| JPS62284031A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-12-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Electrical contact material and its manufacturing method |
| US4699763A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1987-10-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers |
| DE4111683A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-22 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS MADE OF SILVER WITH CARBON |
| WO1992018995A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-29 | Doduco Gmbh + Co. Dr. Eugen Dürrwächter | Material for electric contacts of silver with carbon |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 176 (C - 498) 25 May 1988 (1988-05-25) * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2842019A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-09 | Alstom | ARC CONTACT MEMBER FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, CONTACT ASSEMBLY, AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS THEREOF |
| WO2004006275A3 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-04-08 | Alstom | Arc contact element for an electrical apparatus, production method thereof, corresponding contact assembly and electrical apparatus |
| CN100367424C (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2008-02-06 | 阿雷瓦T&D股份公司 | Arc contact element for an electrical device, method for the production thereof, contact assembly and corresponding electrical device |
| WO2005046000A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-05-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Contact surfaces for electrical contacts |
| US7638721B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2009-12-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Contact surfaces for electrical contacts |
| EP1655749A1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-10 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Contact pastille for a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker, movable electrical contact with such a pastille and circuit breaker with such a contact |
| US7598832B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2009-10-06 | Schneider Elecric Industries Sas | Contact pad designed for a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker, movable electrical contact having such a pad and circuit breaker comprising such a contact |
| CN1773647B (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2011-09-21 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Contact pad designed for a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker, movable electrical contact having such a pad and circuit breaker comprising such a contact |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69603387T2 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
| EP0729162B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| ES2135179T3 (en) | 1999-10-16 |
| DE69603387D1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
| FR2731106A1 (en) | 1996-08-30 |
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