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EP0728945A1 - Axial piston machine - Google Patents

Axial piston machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0728945A1
EP0728945A1 EP96101283A EP96101283A EP0728945A1 EP 0728945 A1 EP0728945 A1 EP 0728945A1 EP 96101283 A EP96101283 A EP 96101283A EP 96101283 A EP96101283 A EP 96101283A EP 0728945 A1 EP0728945 A1 EP 0728945A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
piston machine
axial piston
cylinder drum
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96101283A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0728945B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Beck
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Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH
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Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH
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Publication of EP0728945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0728945A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0728945B1 publication Critical patent/EP0728945B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/22Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • F04B1/24Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons inclined to the main shaft axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial piston machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the internal leakage occurring during operation is responsible for the fact that the housing is constantly filled with leakage oil, which is connected to the leakage oil connection to the tank via a leakage oil line is dissipated.
  • the leakage oil is under pressure due to the flow resistances in this leakage oil line in the housing, so that the engine parts rotating in the leakage oil, in particular the piston sections acting like a lattice of a turbomachine between the cylinder drum and the lifting disk, cause corresponding splashing losses.
  • radially extending vanes are attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve, which preferably extend between the piston sections projecting from the cylinder bores to a partial circle which has the same or a smaller diameter than the inner circle of the piston sections projecting from the cylinder bores .
  • the axial piston machine shown in FIG. 1 is a reversible inclined-axis machine with an adjustable displacement volume and, in a known manner, comprises, as essential components, a housing 1, a housing end plate 2, a drive shaft 3, a drive or lifting disk 4, a control body 5 with an associated adjusting device 6 and a cylinder drum 7 to which a sleeve 8 is attached according to the invention.
  • the housing 1 comprises a cylindrical housing section closed on one side by a housing end wall 9 and an adjoining one elliptical housing section which has an open end facing away from the housing end wall 9 and which is closed by the housing end plate 2.
  • the radius of the right half of the cross section in FIG. 1 of the elliptical housing section increases continuously with a constant radius of the left half of the housing cross section in the direction of the housing end plate 2; the constant radius of the left half of the housing cross-section is equal to the radius of the cylindrical housing section.
  • a leakage oil connection 10 is formed, which connects a leakage oil line to the tank (both not shown).
  • the drive shaft 3 passes through a through hole formed in the housing end wall 9 and is rotatably mounted in the cylindrical housing section by means of two tapered roller bearings 11, 12.
  • the free end of the drive shaft 3 located in the housing 1 is provided with a one-piece flange-like extension which forms the lifting disc 4.
  • the control body 5 is a so-called control lens of biconvex shape, which is slidably arranged in a circular support and pivot bearing 13 in the housing end plate 2 and can be fixed in this bearing by means of the adjusting device 6 in any desired position. Adjustable stops 14, 15 limit the adjustment range of the control body 5.
  • two control kidneys, not shown, which are opposite one another on a pitch circle and are connected to the pressure port and the suction port (also not shown) of the axial piston machine are formed in a known manner.
  • the adjusting device 6 is provided for changing the displacement volume of the axial piston machine and comprises a pin 16 and an adjusting rod, not shown, which is displaceably guided in a radial bore, also not shown, in the housing end plate 2.
  • the pin 16 is fastened to the actuating rod and engages in a through hole 17 in the control body 5.
  • the cylinder drum 7 is arranged between the lifting disc 4 and the control body 5. It is supported in a known manner with hydrostatic support a concave bearing surface on the associated convex control surface of the control body 5 rotatably and can thus set kinematically freely on the latter, so that a high degree of parallelism between its bearing surface and the control surface of the control body 5 is achieved.
  • Axially extending and evenly distributed on a pitch circle cylinder bores 18 are formed in a known manner in the cylinder drum 7 and, open out on the flat end face facing the lifting disc 4. On the concave bearing surface of the cylinder drum 7, these cylinder bores 18 open out via outlet channels 19 on the pitch circle of the control kidneys.
  • pistons 20 are arranged so that they can be moved back and forth. Their free ends protruding from the cylinder bores 18 are connected to the lifting disk 4 so that they can be rotatably driven via ball joints.
  • Each ball joint consists of a ball head 21 formed at the free end of the associated piston 20 and a hollow ball section formed in the lifting disk 4, in which the ball head 21 is accommodated in a rotatable manner.
  • a so-called retention device 22 holds the ball heads within the hollow ball sections.
  • a compression spring 24 is seated in a central, stepped through bore 23 in the cylinder drum 7, which supports a central pin 25 on the lift disc 4, which is also supported by means of a ball joint in the lifting disc 4 and projects into the through bore 23 and guides the cylinder drum 7, and thus the cylinder drum 7 stops in contact with the control body 4 when no oil pressure forces occur.
  • the cylinder drum 7 together with the piston 20 is rotated via the drive shaft 3. If, by actuating the adjusting device 6, the cylinder drum 7 has been pivoted into an inclined position relative to the lifting disk 4, so that it assumes, for example, the maximum pivoting angle ⁇ max shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to the maximum displacement volume of the axial piston machine, then all the pistons perform 20 lifting movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 7 by 360 ° , each piston 20 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding oil flows being generated, their supply and discharge via the outlet channels 19, the control kidneys and the suction and Pressure channel takes place.
  • leakage oil emerges from the leakage gaps, in particular during the compression stroke, from the cylinder bores 18, fills the free space, the so-called leakage oil space, of the housing 1 and flows over the leakage oil connection 10 and the drain line to the tank.
  • the leakage oil in the leakage oil chamber is under excess pressure, so that the parts rotating in it, in particular the piston sections acting like the playpen of a turbomachine between the lifting disc 4 and the cylinder drum 7, cause correspondingly high splashing losses, which cause the efficiency of the Reduce the axial piston machine.
  • the design of the sleeve section 28 with a continuously increasing diameter in the direction of the lifting disk 4 is selected in order to pivot the cylinder drum 7 in both swivel directions up to the maximum swivel angle defined by the respective stop 14 or 15 in the present exemplary embodiment given the spatial conditions within the housing 1 to enable; for the same reason the free edge of the sleeve section 28 facing the lifting disk 4 lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis. Because of this latter feature, when swiveling the Cylinder drum 7 with a larger swivel angle, the axial dimension of space 29 on the cross-sectional half corresponding to the swivel direction (cf. FIG.
  • the sleeve 8 can be designed such that it covers the space 29 sufficiently even at the maximum swivel angle: in the case of non-reversible swashplate type axial piston machines which can be swiveled out only in one swivel direction, with the swashplate or lifting plate attached Sleeve or in swash plate machines with constant displacement, the free end of sleeve 8 may be cut obliquely so as to avoid the overlap-free area, so that it lies in an inclined plane corresponding to the maximum or constant swivel angle.
  • the axial leakage oil flow emerging from the cylinder bores 18 during operation of the axial piston machine is separated from the surrounding leakage oil by the sleeve 8 and carried along in the space 29 by the rotating piston sections, i.e. also set in rotation.
  • the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 no longer rotate in but with the leak oil, so that splashing losses no longer occur.
  • the fluid friction that occurs between the axially flowing leakage oil and the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 on the one hand and the sleeve 8 on the other hand is negligible.
  • the overlap-free area of the space 29 facilitates the leakage of the leak oil from the sleeve 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The machine has a casing to contain leakage oil, and which is connected to a tank. It has a cylindrical drum (7), which is mounted on steering elements in order to be able to rotate, and which has axial bores in which pistons can slide. The free ends of the pistons which project out of the bores, are supported on a stroke plate (4). An axial sleeve (8) is fixed to the drum or the plate, which at least partly covers the space (29) between them. The sleeve has a wall which is closed on all sides, in order to lessen the flow of leakage oil in the space. The outer surface of the wall may also be smooth, and the inner surface may have radial vanes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Axialkolbenmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an axial piston machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei hydrostatischen Maschinen dieser Art, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 36 38 890 bekannt sind, ist die im Betrieb auftretende innere Leckage dafür verantwortlich, daß das Gehäuse ständig mit Lecköl gefüllt ist, das über eine mit dem Leckölanschluß verbundene Leckölleitung zum Tank hin abgeführt wird. Das Lecköl steht aufgrund der Strömungswiderstände in dieser Leckölleitung im Gehäuse unter Überdruck, so daß die sich im Lecköl drehenden Triebwerksteile, insbesondere die wie ein Laufgitter einer Strömungsmaschine wirkenden Kolbenabschnitte zwischen der Zylindertrommel und der Hubscheibe, entsprechende Planschverluste hervorrufen.In hydrostatic machines of this type, as are known for example from DE-PS 36 38 890, the internal leakage occurring during operation is responsible for the fact that the housing is constantly filled with leakage oil, which is connected to the leakage oil connection to the tank via a leakage oil line is dissipated. The leakage oil is under pressure due to the flow resistances in this leakage oil line in the housing, so that the engine parts rotating in the leakage oil, in particular the piston sections acting like a lattice of a turbomachine between the cylinder drum and the lifting disk, cause corresponding splashing losses.

Aus der DE-OS 41 28 615 und DE-OS 42 15 869 ist je eine Axialkolbenmaschine bekannt, bei der mittels konstruktiv aufwendiger Pumpeinrichtungen in der Leckölleitung bzw. im Gehäuse Lecköl abgesaugt wird, um die Planschverluste zu reduzieren.From DE-OS 41 28 615 and DE-OS 42 15 869 an axial piston machine is known, in which leakage oil is sucked off by means of structurally complex pumping devices in the leakage oil line or in the housing in order to reduce the splashing losses.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Axialkolbenmaschine der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß die Planschverluste mit geringerem konstruktiven Aufwand reduziert werden.It is an object of the invention to develop an axial piston machine of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the churning losses are reduced with less design effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 in Verbindung mit dessen gattungsbildenden Merkmalen gelöst. Die bei Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine aus den Zylinderbohrungen austretende axiale Leckölströmung wird durch die Hülse von dem umgebenden Lecköl getrennt und durch die im Raum zwischen der Hubscheibe und der Zylindertrommel drehenden Kolben mitgenommen, d.h. ebenfalls in Drehung versetzt. Auf diese Weise drehen sich die aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte nicht mehr in, sondern mit dem Lecköl, so daß Planschverluste nicht mehr auftreten. Es ergibt sich in der Hülse eine beruhigte Leckölströmung mit einer Strömungskomponente in Umfangsrichtung, die mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit wie die Kolbenabschnitte rotiert und somit das Auftreten von Planschverlusten verhindert, und einer Strömungskomponente mit allgemein axialer Richtung. Die zwischen dem axial strömenden Lecköl und den aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten einerseits und der Hülse andererseits auftretende Flüssigkeitsreibung ist vernachlässigbar.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with its generic features. The axial leakage oil flow emerging from the cylinder bores during operation of the axial piston machine is separated from the surrounding leakage oil by the sleeve and entrained by the pistons rotating in the space between the lifting disc and the cylinder drum, ie also set in rotation. In this way, the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores no longer turn in but with the leak oil, so that splashing losses no longer occur. This results in a calmed leakage oil flow in the sleeve with a flow component in the circumferential direction, which rotates at the same speed as the piston sections and thus prevents the occurrence of splashing losses, and a flow component with general axial direction. The fluid friction that occurs between the axially flowing leakage oil and the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores on the one hand and the sleeve on the other hand is negligible.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind an der inneren Wandungsfläche der Hülse radial verlaufende Flügel angebracht, die sich vorzugsweise zwischen den aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten bis zu einem Teilkreis erstrecken, der den gleichen oder einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Innenkreis der aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte aufweist.According to a development of the invention, radially extending vanes are attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve, which preferably extend between the piston sections projecting from the cylinder bores to a partial circle which has the same or a smaller diameter than the inner circle of the piston sections projecting from the cylinder bores .

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den verbleibenden Unteransprüchen.Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the remaining subclaims.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Axialkolbenmaschine im Axialschnitt, an deren Zylindertrommel eine Hülse in einer ersten Ausgestaltung befestigt ist,
Fig. 2
die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Zylindertrommel im Axialschnitt, an der eine Hülse in einer zweiten Ausgestaltung befestigt ist, und
Fig. 3
die in Figur 2 gezeigte Zylindertrommel bei Betrachtung von rechts in Figur 2.
The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an axial piston machine in axial section, on the cylinder drum of which a sleeve is fastened in a first embodiment,
Fig. 2
the cylinder drum shown in Fig. 1 in axial section, to which a sleeve is attached in a second embodiment, and
Fig. 3
the cylinder drum shown in Figure 2 when viewed from the right in Figure 2.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Axialkolbenmaschine ist eine reversierbare Schrägachsenmaschine mit verstellbarem Verdrängungsvolumen und umfaßt in bekannter Weise als wesentliche Bauteile ein Gehäuse 1, eine Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2, eine Triebwelle 3, eine Trieb- oder Hubscheibe 4, einen Steuerkörper 5 mit zugeordneter Verstelleinrichtung 6 und eine Zylindertrommel 7, an der eine Hülse 8 gemäß der Erfindung befestigt ist.The axial piston machine shown in FIG. 1 is a reversible inclined-axis machine with an adjustable displacement volume and, in a known manner, comprises, as essential components, a housing 1, a housing end plate 2, a drive shaft 3, a drive or lifting disk 4, a control body 5 with an associated adjusting device 6 and a cylinder drum 7 to which a sleeve 8 is attached according to the invention.

Das Gehäuse 1 umfaßt einen durch eine Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 einseitig verschlossenen zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt und einen an diesen angrenzenden ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitt, der ein der Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 abgewandtes offenes Ende aufweist, das durch die Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschlossen ist. Der Radius der in Figur 1 rechten Querschnittshälfte des ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitts nimmt bei konstantem Radius der linken Gehäusequerschnittshälfte in Richtung der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 ständig zu; der konstante Radius der linken Gehäusequerschnittshälfte ist gleich dem Radius des zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitts. In den unmittelbar an diesen zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt angrenzenden Bereich des ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitts ist ein Leckölanschluß 10 ausgebildet, den eine Leckölleitung mit dem Tank (beide nicht gezeigt) verbindet.The housing 1 comprises a cylindrical housing section closed on one side by a housing end wall 9 and an adjoining one elliptical housing section which has an open end facing away from the housing end wall 9 and which is closed by the housing end plate 2. The radius of the right half of the cross section in FIG. 1 of the elliptical housing section increases continuously with a constant radius of the left half of the housing cross section in the direction of the housing end plate 2; the constant radius of the left half of the housing cross-section is equal to the radius of the cylindrical housing section. In the area of the elliptical housing section immediately adjacent to this cylindrical housing section, a leakage oil connection 10 is formed, which connects a leakage oil line to the tank (both not shown).

Die Triebwelle 3 durchsetzt eine in der Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 ausgebildete Durchgangsbohrung und ist mittels zweier Kegelrollen-Lager 11, 12 im zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt drehbar gelagert. Das im Gehäuse 1 befindliche freie Ende der Triebwelle 3 ist mit einer einteilig angeformten flanschartigen Erweiterung versehen, die die Hubscheibe 4 bildet.The drive shaft 3 passes through a through hole formed in the housing end wall 9 and is rotatably mounted in the cylindrical housing section by means of two tapered roller bearings 11, 12. The free end of the drive shaft 3 located in the housing 1 is provided with a one-piece flange-like extension which forms the lifting disc 4.

Der Steuerkörper 5 ist eine sog. Steuerlinse von bikonvexer Form, die in einem kreisbahnförmigen Stütz- und Schwenklager 13 in der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschiebbar angeordnet ist und innerhalb dieses Lagers mittels der Verstelleinrichtung 6 in jeder gewünschten Stellung fixiert werden kann. Verstellbare Anschläge 14, 15 begrenzen den Verstellbereich des Steuerkörpers 5. Im Steuerkörper 5 sind in bekannter Weise zwei einander auf einem Teilkreis gegenüberliegende, nicht gezeigte Steuernieren ausgebildet, die mit dem Druckstutzen und dem Saugstutzen (ebenfalls nicht gezeigt) der Axialkolbenmaschine verbunden sind.The control body 5 is a so-called control lens of biconvex shape, which is slidably arranged in a circular support and pivot bearing 13 in the housing end plate 2 and can be fixed in this bearing by means of the adjusting device 6 in any desired position. Adjustable stops 14, 15 limit the adjustment range of the control body 5. In the control body 5, two control kidneys, not shown, which are opposite one another on a pitch circle and are connected to the pressure port and the suction port (also not shown) of the axial piston machine are formed in a known manner.

Die Verstelleinrichtung 6 ist zur Veränderung des Verdrängungsvolumens der Axialkolbenmaschine vorgesehen und umfaßt einen Zapfen 16 sowie eine nicht gezeigte Stellstange, die in einer ebenfalls nicht gezeigten Radialbohrung in der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschiebbar geführt ist. Der Zapfen 16 ist an der Stellstange befestigt und greift in eine Durchgangsbohrung 17 im Steuerkörper 5 ein.The adjusting device 6 is provided for changing the displacement volume of the axial piston machine and comprises a pin 16 and an adjusting rod, not shown, which is displaceably guided in a radial bore, also not shown, in the housing end plate 2. The pin 16 is fastened to the actuating rod and engages in a through hole 17 in the control body 5.

Die Zylindertrommel 7 ist zwischen der Hubscheibe 4 und dem Steuerkörper 5 angeordnet. Sie stützt sich, in bekannter Weise hydrostatisch gelagert, mit einer konkaven Lagerfläche an der zugeordneten konvexen Steuerfläche des Steuerkörpers 5 drehbar ab und kann sich somit auf letzterem kinematisch frei einstellen, so daß eine hohe Parallelität zwischen ihrer Lagerfläche und der Steuerfläche des Steuerkörpers 5 erreicht wird.The cylinder drum 7 is arranged between the lifting disc 4 and the control body 5. It is supported in a known manner with hydrostatic support a concave bearing surface on the associated convex control surface of the control body 5 rotatably and can thus set kinematically freely on the latter, so that a high degree of parallelism between its bearing surface and the control surface of the control body 5 is achieved.

Axial verlaufende und gleichmäßig auf einem Teilkreis verteilte Zylinderbohrungen 18 sind in bekannter Weise in der Zylindertrommel 7 ausgebildet und, münden an deren der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandten ebenen Stirnfläche aus. An der konkaven Lagerfläche der Zylindertrommel 7 münden diese Zylinderbohrungen 18 über Mündungskanäle 19 auf dem Teilkreis der Steuernieren aus. In den Zylinderbohrungen 18 sind Kolben 20 hin- und herbewegbar angeordnet. Ihre aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden freien Enden sind über Kugelgelenke drehmitnehmbar mit der Hubscheibe 4 verbunden. Jedes Kugelgelenk besteht aus einem am freien Ende des zugeordneten Kolbens 20 ausgebildeten Kugelkopf 21 und einem in der Hubscheibe 4 ausgebildeten Hohlkugelabschnitt, in dem der Kugelkopf 21 drehbeweglich aufgenommen ist. Eine sog. Rückhalteeinrichtung 22 hält die Kugelköpfe innerhalb der Hohlkugelabschnitte.Axially extending and evenly distributed on a pitch circle cylinder bores 18 are formed in a known manner in the cylinder drum 7 and, open out on the flat end face facing the lifting disc 4. On the concave bearing surface of the cylinder drum 7, these cylinder bores 18 open out via outlet channels 19 on the pitch circle of the control kidneys. In the cylinder bores 18 pistons 20 are arranged so that they can be moved back and forth. Their free ends protruding from the cylinder bores 18 are connected to the lifting disk 4 so that they can be rotatably driven via ball joints. Each ball joint consists of a ball head 21 formed at the free end of the associated piston 20 and a hollow ball section formed in the lifting disk 4, in which the ball head 21 is accommodated in a rotatable manner. A so-called retention device 22 holds the ball heads within the hollow ball sections.

In einer zentralen, abgestuften Durchgangsbohrung 23 in der Zylindertrommel 7 sitzt eine Druckfeder 24, die einen ebenfalls mittels eines Kugelgelenkes in der Hubscheibe 4 gelagerten, in die Durchgangsbohrung 23 hineinragenden und die Zylindertrommel 7 führenden Mittelzapfen 25 an der Hubscheibe 4 abstützt und somit die Zylindertrommel 7 in Anlage an den Steuerkörper 4 hält, wenn keine Öldruckkräfte auftreten.A compression spring 24 is seated in a central, stepped through bore 23 in the cylinder drum 7, which supports a central pin 25 on the lift disc 4, which is also supported by means of a ball joint in the lifting disc 4 and projects into the through bore 23 and guides the cylinder drum 7, and thus the cylinder drum 7 stops in contact with the control body 4 when no oil pressure forces occur.

Bei Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine z.B. als Pumpe wird über die Triebwelle 3 die Zylindertrommel 7 mitsamt den Kolben 20 in Drehung versetzt. Wenn durch Betätigung der Verstelleinrichtung 6 die Zylindertrommel 7 gegenüber der Hubscheibe 4 in eine Schrägstellung verschwenkt worden ist, so daß sie beispielsweise den in Figur 1 gezeigten, dem maximalen Verdrängungsvolumen der Axialkolbenmaschine entsprechenden maximalen Schwenkwinkel αmax einnimmt, so vollführen sämtliche Kolben 20 Hubbewegungen; bei Drehung der Zylindertrommel 7 um 360o durchläuft jeder Kolben 20 einen Saug- und einen Kompressionshub, wobei entsprechende Ölströme erzeugt werden, deren Zu- und Abführung über die Mündungskanäle 19, die Steuernieren und den Saug- und Druckkanal erfolgt.When the axial piston machine is operated, for example as a pump, the cylinder drum 7 together with the piston 20 is rotated via the drive shaft 3. If, by actuating the adjusting device 6, the cylinder drum 7 has been pivoted into an inclined position relative to the lifting disk 4, so that it assumes, for example, the maximum pivoting angle α max shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to the maximum displacement volume of the axial piston machine, then all the pistons perform 20 lifting movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 7 by 360 ° , each piston 20 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, with corresponding oil flows being generated, their supply and discharge via the outlet channels 19, the control kidneys and the suction and Pressure channel takes place.

Dabei tritt infolge des (die sog. Leckspalte bedingenden) Spiels zwischen den bewegten Teilen Lecköl aus den Leckspalten, insbesondere während des Kompressionshubes aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18, aus, füllt den freien Raum, den sog. Leckölraum, des Gehäuses 1 und strömt über den Leckölanschluß 10 und die Leckölleitung zum Tank hin ab. Vor allem aufgrund der Strömungswiderstände in dieser Leckölleitung steht das Lecköl im Leckölraum unter Überdruck, so daß die in ihm drehenden Teile, insbesondere die wie das Laufgitter einer Strömungsmaschine wirkenden Kolbenabschnitte zwischen der Hubscheibe 4 und der Zylindertrommel 7 entsprechend hohe Planschverluste hervorrufen, die den Wirkungsgrad der Axialkolbenmaschine verringern.As a result of the play (which causes the so-called leakage gaps) between the moving parts, leakage oil emerges from the leakage gaps, in particular during the compression stroke, from the cylinder bores 18, fills the free space, the so-called leakage oil space, of the housing 1 and flows over the leakage oil connection 10 and the drain line to the tank. Mainly due to the flow resistances in this leakage oil line, the leakage oil in the leakage oil chamber is under excess pressure, so that the parts rotating in it, in particular the piston sections acting like the playpen of a turbomachine between the lifting disc 4 and the cylinder drum 7, cause correspondingly high splashing losses, which cause the efficiency of the Reduce the axial piston machine.

Bei Einstellung der Zylindertrommel 7 auf einen Schwenkwinkel α = 0o vollführen die Kolben 20 bei Drehung der Triebwelle 3 keine Hubbewegungen und fördern somit kein Öl. Die Axialkolbenmaschine ist auf Null-Verdrängungsvolumen eingestellt.When the cylinder drum 7 is set to a swivel angle α = 0 o , the pistons 20 do not perform any lifting movements when the drive shaft 3 rotates and thus do not convey oil. The axial piston machine is set to zero displacement.

Zur Vermeidung der vorerwähnten Planschverluste ist die Hülse 8 vorgesehen. Sie besteht aus Teflon, weist einen kreisrunden Querschnitt sowie eine allseits geschlossene Wandung mit glatter äußerer Wandungsfläche 26 auf und umfaßt einen zylindrischen Hülsenabschnitt 27, der an der äußeren, zylindrischen Umfangsfläche der Zylindertrommel 7 in deren der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandten Endbereich befestigt ist, sowie einen über die Zylindertrommel 7 überstehenden, sich in Richtung Hubscheibe 4 kegelförmig erweiternden Hülsenabschnitt 28. Dieser erstreckt sich bei einem Schwenkwinkel von α = 0o bis zur Hubscheibe 4, so daß er den zwischen dieser und der Zylindertrommel 7 befindlichen Raum 29 im wesentlichen völlig überdeckt. Die Ausbildung des Hülsenabschnitts 28 mit in Richtung Hubscheibe 4 stetig zunehmendem Durchmesser ist gewählt, um im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel bei den vorhandenen Raumverhältnissen innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 das Verschwenken der Zylindertrommel 7 in beiden Schwenkrichtungen bis zu dem durch den jeweiligen Anschlag 14 bzw. 15 definierten maximalen Schwenkwinkel zu ermöglichen; aus gleichem Grunde liegt der der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandte freie Rand des Hülsenabschnitts 28 in einer zur Hülsenachse senkrechten Ebene. Aufgrund dieses letzteren Merkmals vergrößert sich beim Ausschwenken der Zylindertrommel 7 auf größeren Schwenkwinkel die axiale Abmessung des Raums 29 auf der der Schwenkrichtung entsprechenden Querschnittshälfte (vgl. Fig. 1), so daß ein mit zunehmendem Schwenkwinkel zunehmender überdeckungsfreier Bereich entsteht. Andererseits kann bei entsprechenden räumlichen Verhältnissen innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 die Hülse 8 so ausgebildet sein, daß sie auch bei maximalem Schwenkwinkel den Raum 29 ausreichend überdeckt: Bei nicht reversierbaren, also nur in einer Schwenkrichtung ausschwenkbaren Axialkolbenmaschinen in Schrägscheibenbauweise mit an der Schräg- oder Hubscheibe befestigter Hülse oder bei Schrägscheibenmaschinen mit konstantem Verdrängungsvolumen kann zwecks Vermeidung des überdeckungsfreien Bereichs das freie Ende der Hülse 8 schräg angeschnitten sein, so daß es in einer dem maximalen bzw. dem konstanten Schwenkwinkel entsprechenden schrägen Ebene liegt.In order to avoid the aforementioned splashing losses, the sleeve 8 is provided. It consists of Teflon, has a circular cross-section and an all-round closed wall with a smooth outer wall surface 26 and comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion 27 which is fastened to the outer, cylindrical peripheral surface of the cylinder drum 7 in its end region facing the lifting disc 4, and one over the cylinder drum 7 supernatant, conically widening in the direction of lifting 4 sleeve portion 28. this extends at a tilt angle of α = 0 ° to the eccentric 4 so that it completely covers the space located between it and the cylinder drum 7 29 substantially. The design of the sleeve section 28 with a continuously increasing diameter in the direction of the lifting disk 4 is selected in order to pivot the cylinder drum 7 in both swivel directions up to the maximum swivel angle defined by the respective stop 14 or 15 in the present exemplary embodiment given the spatial conditions within the housing 1 to enable; for the same reason the free edge of the sleeve section 28 facing the lifting disk 4 lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis. Because of this latter feature, when swiveling the Cylinder drum 7 with a larger swivel angle, the axial dimension of space 29 on the cross-sectional half corresponding to the swivel direction (cf. FIG. 1), so that an area free of overlap increases with increasing swivel angle. On the other hand, given appropriate spatial conditions within the housing 1, the sleeve 8 can be designed such that it covers the space 29 sufficiently even at the maximum swivel angle: in the case of non-reversible swashplate type axial piston machines which can be swiveled out only in one swivel direction, with the swashplate or lifting plate attached Sleeve or in swash plate machines with constant displacement, the free end of sleeve 8 may be cut obliquely so as to avoid the overlap-free area, so that it lies in an inclined plane corresponding to the maximum or constant swivel angle.

Die bei Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 austretende axiale Leckölströmung wird durch die Hülse 8 von dem umgebenden Lecköl getrennt und durch die sich drehenden Kolbenabschnitte im Raum 29 mitgenommen, d.h. ebenfalls in Drehung versetzt. Auf diese Weise drehen sich die aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte nicht mehr in, sondern mit dem Lecköl, so daß Planschverluste nicht mehr auftreten. Es ergibt sich in der Hülse 8 eine beruhigte Leckölströmung mit einer Strömungskomponente in Umfangsrichtung, die mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit wie die Kolbenabschnitte rotiert und somit das Auftreten von Planschverlusten verhindert, und einer Strömungskomponente mit allgemein axialer Richtung. Die zwischen dem axial strömenden Lecköl und den aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten einerseits und der Hülse 8 andererseits auftretende Flüssigkeitsreibung ist vernachlässigbar. Der überdeckungsfreie Bereich des Raums 29 erleichtert das Austreten des Lecköls aus der Hülse 8.The axial leakage oil flow emerging from the cylinder bores 18 during operation of the axial piston machine is separated from the surrounding leakage oil by the sleeve 8 and carried along in the space 29 by the rotating piston sections, i.e. also set in rotation. In this way, the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 no longer rotate in but with the leak oil, so that splashing losses no longer occur. This results in a calmed leakage oil flow in the sleeve 8 with a flow component in the circumferential direction, which rotates at the same speed as the piston sections and thus prevents the occurrence of splashing losses, and a flow component with a generally axial direction. The fluid friction that occurs between the axially flowing leakage oil and the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 on the one hand and the sleeve 8 on the other hand is negligible. The overlap-free area of the space 29 facilitates the leakage of the leak oil from the sleeve 8.

Um bei Drehzahländerungen der Zylindertrommel 7 das Nacheilen oder Voreilen der aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte gegenüber dem Lecköl und damit das Auftreten von Planschverlusten zu vermeiden, d.h. eine sofortige Mitnahme des Lecköls zu gewährleisten, sind an der inneren Wandungsfläche 30 des Hülsenabschnitts 28 radial verlaufende Flügel 31 angebracht, die sich zwischen den aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten radial bis zu einem Teilkreis mit einem gegenüber dem Innenkreis der Kolbenabschnitte etwas kleineren Durchmesser und axial vom freien Rand des Hülsenabschnitts 28 bis nahe zur Zylindertrommel 7 erstrecken.In order to prevent the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 from lagging or leading in the event of changes in the speed of the cylinder drum 7 compared to the leak oil and thus the occurrence of splashing losses, ie to ensure immediate carry-over of the leak oil, there are radially extending wings on the inner wall surface 30 of the sleeve section 28 31 attached, which protrude from the cylinder bores 18 Piston sections extend radially to a pitch circle with a slightly smaller diameter than the inner circle of the piston sections and axially from the free edge of the sleeve section 28 to close to the cylinder drum 7.

Claims (10)

Axialkolbenmaschine mit einem Lecköl aufnehmenden Gehäuse, das über einen Leckölanschluß mit dem Tank verbunden ist, mit einer im Gehäuse auf einem Steuerkörper drehbar gelagerten und sich kinematisch frei einstellbaren Zylindertrommel mit axialen Zylinderbohrungen, in denen jeweils ein Kolben verschiebbar aufgenommen ist, und mit einer Hubscheibe, an der die aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden freien Enden der Kolben abgestützt sind,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine an der Zylindertrommel (7) oder an der Hubscheibe (4) befestigte, sich axial erstreckende Hülse (8), die den Raum (29) zwischen der Zylindertrommel (7) und der Hubscheibe (4) zumindest teilweise überdeckt und eine allseits geschlossene, die Leckölströmung in dem Raum (29) beruhigende Wandung aufweist.
Axial piston machine with a housing that receives leakage oil and is connected to the tank via a leakage oil connection, with a cylinder drum that is rotatably mounted in the housing on a control body and is kinematically freely adjustable with axial cylinder bores, in each of which a piston is slidably received, and with a lifting disk, on which the free ends of the pistons protruding from the cylinder bores are supported,
marked by
an axially extending sleeve (8) attached to the cylinder drum (7) or to the lifting disc (4), which at least partially covers the space (29) between the cylinder drum (7) and the lifting disc (4) and an all-round, the leakage oil flow in the space (29) has a soothing wall.
Axialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hülse (8) eine glatte äußere Wandungsfläche (26) aufweist.
Axial piston machine according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the sleeve (8) has a smooth outer wall surface (26).
Axialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hülse (8) aus Teflon besteht.
Axial piston machine according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the sleeve (8) consists of Teflon.
Axialkolbenmaschine nach wenigstens einem vorhergehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an der inneren Wandungsfläche (30) der Hülse (8) radial verlaufende Flügel (31) angebracht sind.
Axial piston machine according to at least one preceding claim,
characterized,
that radially extending wings (31) are attached to the inner wall surface (30) of the sleeve (8).
Axialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Flügel (31) sich zwischen den aus den Zylinderbohrungen (18) herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten erstrecken.
Axial piston machine according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the wings (31) extend between the piston sections projecting from the cylinder bores (18).
Axialkolbenmaschine nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die freien Enden der Flügel (31) auf einem Teilkreis angeordnet sind, der den gleichen oder einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Innenkreis der aus den Zylinderbohrungen (18) herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte aufweist.
Axial piston machine according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the free ends of the wings (31) are arranged on a pitch circle which has the same or a smaller diameter than the inner circle of the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores (18).
Axialkolbenmaschine nach wenigstens einem vorhergehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hülse (8) in Richtung ihres freien Endes einen stetig zunehmenden Durchmesser aufweist.
Axial piston machine according to at least one preceding claim,
characterized,
that the sleeve (8) has a continuously increasing diameter in the direction of its free end.
Axialkolbenmaschine nach wenigstens einem vorhergehenden Anspruch,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der freie Rand der Hülse (8) in einer zur Hülsenachse senkrechten Ebene liegt.
Axial piston machine according to at least one preceding claim,
characterized,
that the free edge of the sleeve (8) lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis.
Axialkolbenmaschine in Schrägscheibenbauweise mit einer Stromrichtung und verstellbarem Verdrängungsvolumen nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hülse (8) an der Hubscheibe (4) befestigt ist und ihr der Zylindertrommel (7) zugewandter freier Rand in einer zur Hülsenachse schrägen Ebene liegt, die mit zunehmender Verstellung der Axialkolbenmaschine in Richtung des maximalen Verdrängungsvolumens zunehmend in Richtung einer zur Radialebene der Zylindertrommel (7) parallelen Lage schwenkt.
Axial piston machine in swash plate design with a flow direction and adjustable displacement volume according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the sleeve (8) is attached to the lifting disk (4) and its free edge facing the cylinder drum (7) lies in a plane inclined to the sleeve axis, which with increasing adjustment of the axial piston machine in the direction of the maximum displacement volume increasingly in the direction of the radial plane of the Cylinder drum (7) pivots in parallel position.
Axialkolbenmaschine in Schrägscheibenbauweise mit einer Stromrichtung und konstantem Verdrängungsvolumen nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Hülse (8) an der Hubscheibe (4) befestigt ist und ihr der Zylindertrommel (7) zugewandter freier Rand in einer zur Hülsenachse schrägen Ebene liegt, die ihrerseits in der Radialebene der Zylindertrommel (7) liegt.
Axial piston machine in swash plate design with a flow direction and constant displacement according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the sleeve (8) is attached to the lifting disc (4) and its free edge facing the cylinder drum (7) lies in a plane inclined to the sleeve axis, which in turn lies in the radial plane of the cylinder drum (7).
EP96101283A 1995-02-23 1996-01-30 Axial piston machine Expired - Lifetime EP0728945B1 (en)

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DE29503060U 1995-02-23
DE29503060U DE29503060U1 (en) 1995-02-23 1995-02-23 Axial piston machine

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EP0728945B1 EP0728945B1 (en) 1998-08-12

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WO1998023860A1 (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-04 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston motor with bearing flushing
EP0896151A3 (en) * 1997-08-06 2000-03-22 Kayaba Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Synthetic low friction piston for a hydraulic pump or motor
CN102913408A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-06 上海电气液压气动有限公司 Bent axis type plunger hydraulic pump/motor
CN102943739A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-27 上海电气液压气动有限公司 Displacement limiting mechanism of hydraulic motor
US20150345483A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-12-03 Wacker Neuson Linz Gmbh Bent-axis machine

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DE19829060B4 (en) * 1998-06-29 2007-01-04 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Hydrostatic machine with backwater device in the lubrication channel
DE19914266C2 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-02-28 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine and control body for an axial piston machine
DE19914268C2 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-02-28 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine and control body for an axial piston machine
DE102004021885B4 (en) * 2004-05-04 2009-10-01 Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh Rotary hydraulic pump
CN105020131B (en) * 2014-04-24 2018-08-28 北京华德液压工业集团有限责任公司 Axial plunger pump with blade wheel structure cylinder body

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CN102943739A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-27 上海电气液压气动有限公司 Displacement limiting mechanism of hydraulic motor
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