EP0723615A1 - Aqueous pigment dispersions and their use in the production of filled paper - Google Patents
Aqueous pigment dispersions and their use in the production of filled paperInfo
- Publication number
- EP0723615A1 EP0723615A1 EP94929514A EP94929514A EP0723615A1 EP 0723615 A1 EP0723615 A1 EP 0723615A1 EP 94929514 A EP94929514 A EP 94929514A EP 94929514 A EP94929514 A EP 94929514A EP 0723615 A1 EP0723615 A1 EP 0723615A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- contain
- aqueous pigment
- weight
- pigment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- -1 satin white Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N chlorohydrin Chemical compound CC#CC#CC#CC#C\C=C\C(Cl)CO XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001070947 Fagus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropane Chemical compound ClCCCCl YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobutane Chemical compound ClCCCCCl KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichlorohexane Chemical compound ClCCCCCCCl OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZXPHDGHQXLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-5,6-dimethylheptane Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C(C)CCCCN=C=O VZXPHDGHQXLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXFCIXRFAJRBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,2,3-tetramine Chemical compound NCCCNCCNCCCN RXFCIXRFAJRBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAXCZCOUDLENMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-tetramine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCNCCCN ZAXCZCOUDLENMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031260 Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000638510 Homo sapiens Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004069 aziridinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003982 chlorocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DTSDBGVDESRKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-aminoethyl)propane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCNCCN DTSDBGVDESRKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
Definitions
- the invention relates to aqueous pigment slurries which disperse up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one dispersant, and to the use of the aqueous pigment slurries as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.
- dispersant In order to be able to produce highly concentrated aqueous pigment slurries with a low viscosity, an effective dispersant is required.
- Known dispersants are, for example, low molecular weight polyacrylic acids. They can be produced, for example, by the process known from EP-B-0 002 771 by polymerizing acrylic acid in isopropanol at higher temperatures and pressures.
- aqueous pigment slurries which contain up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of a dispersant.
- Reaction products which can be obtained by reacting (a) polyalkylene polyamines, polyamidoamines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine, polyetheramines and mixtures of the compounds mentioned are used as dispersants (b) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts, esters, amides or nitriles of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, chlorocarboxylic acids and / or glycidyl compounds of the formula in the
- Me H, Na, K, ammonium
- R C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 4 -hydroxyalkyl, and optionally
- 20 wt .-% aqueous solution at 20 ° C have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas.
- pigment slurries are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper, an increase in the drainage rate and an increase in retention being achieved compared to the previously used dispersant-free pigment additives for the paper stock. From DE-B-24 36 386 it is known to contain nitrogen-containing condensation products by reacting
- Epichlorohydrin has been implemented at 20 to 100 ° C with the formation of high molecular weight, still water-soluble resins are available to use as drainage accelerators and retention aids in the manufacture of paper.
- the water-soluble resins in the form of a 20-25% aqueous solution at 25 ° C have a viscosity of more than 300 mPas.
- the present invention has for its object to provide pigment slurries that contain dispersants that do not adversely affect the effectiveness of retention, drainage and sizing agents in the manufacture of filler-containing papers.
- aqueous pigment slurries dispersed up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and containing 0.1-5% by weight of at least one dispersant if they contain polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 or water-soluble reaction products as dispersants by reaction of
- At least bifunctional crosslinkers which have a functional group of a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom, are available and which have a viscosity of at least 20 ° C. in 20% strength by weight aqueous solution Have 100 mPas.
- Such highly concentrated pigment slurries are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.
- Suitable pigments are all pigments that can usually be used in the paper industry, e.g. Calcium carbonate (in the form of lime, chalk or precipitated chalk), talc, kaolin,
- Bentonite, satin white, calcium sulfate and titanium dioxide can be both filler pigments and
- the particle diameter of the pigments is, for example, 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and is preferably below 2 ⁇ m for 40 to 90% of the pigment particles.
- the pigments can be used both in pure form and in conjunction with previously added polyanionic grinding aid.
- the aqueous pigment slurries are usually prepared at room temperature in conventional devices, e.g. in a dissolver or a caddy mill. Since high shear forces act on the mixture of pigment, water and dispersant during the dispersing process, the temperature of the pigment slurries can rise during manufacture.
- Aqueous pigment slurries can also be obtained by grinding coarse-particle pigments in the presence of dispersant and water. This production variant of aqueous pigment Slurries are of particular importance for the production of highly concentrated chalk slurries.
- Suitable dispersants are polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300. These compounds are preferably polyethyleneimines with molecular weights of at least 1200. The molecular weight of the polyethyleneimines can be up to 5000000.
- the polyethyleneimines can with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid or also with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or
- Suitable polyethyleneimines or salts of polyethyleneimines are more aqueous in 10% by weight
- Solution at 20 ° C for example viscosities of 5 - 1500, preferably 25 - 700 mPas (Brookfield viscometer, 20 rpm).
- the pH of the slurries can be varied within a wide range. It is, for example, 7-12, preferably 7-9.
- Another class of dispersants are reaction products which are produced by the reaction of
- Component (b) at least bifunctional crosslinkers are available.
- Component (a) is preferably the polyethyleneimines with molecular weights of up to 5,000,000, as well as polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine. Products of this type can be prepared by reacting ethyleneimine in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, e.g. Sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or boron trifluoride etherate, can act on polyamidoamines. Ethyleneimine is grafted onto the polyamidoamine under the conditions described. For example, 1 to 10 ethyleneimine units can be grafted onto each basic nitrogen group in the polyamidoamine, i.e. about 100 to 500 parts by weight of ethyleneimine are used per 100 parts by weight of a polyamidoamine.
- the polyamidoamines are obtained, for example, by reacting dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 10 carbon atoms with polyalkylene polyamines, which preferably contain 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule.
- Suitable dicarboxylic acids are, for example, succinic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid or terephthalic acid.
- Mixtures of carboxylic acids can also be used, e.g. Mixtures of adipic acid and
- Glutaric acid or maleic acid and adipic acid Adipic acid is preferably used to prepare the polyamidoamines.
- Suitable polyalkylene polyamines which are condensed with the dicarboxylic acids have already been mentioned above, for example diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bis-aminopropylethylenediamine.
- the polyalkylene polyamines can also be used in the form of mixtures in the preparation of the polyamidoamines.
- the polyamidoamines are preferably prepared in bulk, but can also be carried out, if appropriate, in inert solvents.
- the condensation of the dicarboxylic acids with the polyalkylene polyamines is carried out at higher temperatures, for example in the range from 120 to 220 ° C.
- the water formed in the reaction is distilled off from the reaction mixture.
- the condensation can optionally also be carried out in the presence of lactones or lactams of carboxylic acids having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. 0.8 to 1.4 mol of a polyalkylene polyamine is usually used per mole of dicarboxylic acid.
- the polyamidoamines obtainable in this way have primary and secondary
- Polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine are, for example, from
- Suitable at least bifunctional crosslinkers (b) are, for example, epihalohydrins, in particular epichlorohydrin, and also ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (chlorohydrin) polyalkylene glycol ethers and the ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (epoxides) of polyalkylene glycol ethers obtainable therefrom by treatment with bases.
- the chlorohydrin ethers are prepared, for example, by reacting polyalkylene glycols in a molar ratio of 1 to at least 2 to 5 with epichlorohydrin.
- Suitable polyalkylene glycols are, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polybutylene glycols and block copolymers of C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxides.
- the polyalkylene glycols can also contain the alkylene oxides on which they are based in a statistical distribution.
- the average molar masses (M w ) of the polyalkylene glycols are, for example, 200 to 6000 and are preferably in the range from 300 to 2000 g / mol.
- Bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene glycols are preferably used.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (chlorohydrin) polyalkylene glycol ethers of this type are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,144,123.
- the corresponding bisglycidyl ethers are formed from the dichlorohydrin ethers by treatment with bases.
- the nitrogen-containing condensation products described in DE-B-2 436 386 cited above for the prior art which can be obtained by reacting polyalkylene polyamines with bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols and are described there as dewatering accelerators and retention aids, are used according to the invention as dispersants for the preparation of the highly concentrated pigment slurry.
- crosslinkers are ⁇ , ⁇ -dichloropolyalkylene glycols, which are known, for example, from EP-B-0 025 515. They are obtainable by adding di- to tetravalent alcohols, preferably alkoxylated di- to tetravalent alcohols. either
- ⁇ , ⁇ -dichloro ether is obtained.
- the alcohol component used is preferably ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycols which are reacted with 1 to 100, in particular 4 to 40, moles of ethylene oxide per mole of glycol.
- Other suitable crosslinkers are ⁇ , ⁇ - or vicinal dichloroalkanes, for example 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane and 1,6-dichlorohexane.
- crosslinkers examples include the reaction products of at least trihydric alcohols with epichlorohydrin to reaction products which have at least two chlorohydrin units, for example glycerol, ethoxylated or propoxylated glycerols, polyglycerols with 2 to 15 glycerol units in the molecule and polyglycerols are used optionally ethoxylated and / or propoxylated polyglycerols.
- Crosslinkers of this type are known, for example, from DE-B-2 916 356.
- crosslinkers which contain blocked isocyanate groups for example trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate blocked with 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-piperidinone-4.
- crosslinkers are known, cf. for example DE-A-4 028 285, and crosslinkers containing aziridine units based on polyethers or substituted hydrocarbons, for example 1,6-bis-N-aziridinohexane, cf. US-A-3 977 923. It is of course also possible to use mixtures of two or more crosslinking agents for increasing the molecular weight.
- the water-soluble reaction products which are present according to the invention as dispersants in aqueous pigment slurries are prepared by reacting polyakylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 with the at least bifunctional crosslinking agents mentioned under (b). The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent, for example water.
- the reaction can be carried out in the temperature range from 10 to 200 ° C., preferably 30 to 100 ° C. If the Reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the reactant or the solvent, it is carried out under pressure.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous solution so that water-soluble condensation products are obtained directly, the solids content of the aqueous solutions being 10 to 35% by weight.
- the aqueous solutions have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas at a concentration of 25% by weight and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the viscosity of the 25% aqueous solutions can be up to 10000 mPas and is preferably in the range of 200-2000 mPas.
- aqueous pigment slurries which contain finely divided chalk as the pigment and polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of at least 1200 or water-soluble reaction products as the dispersant, which by reaction of
- At least bifunctional crosslinkers which are available as a functional group of a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or have a halogen atom.
- Particularly effective dispersants are those which are obtained by reacting
- the bis-epoxides or bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides are derived either from block copolymers or from statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, it being possible for the block copolymers to contain copolymerized ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in any ratio.
- the aqueous pigment slurries contain the dispersants described above in amounts of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight.
- the aqueous pigment slurries are used as additives to the paper stock in the manufacture of filler-containing papers, cardboards or cardboard boxes. They are used in an amount such that filler-containing papers are formed which contain 2 to 60, preferably 5 to 30,% by weight of at least one type of pigment.
- aqueous pigment slurry as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler containing paper causes an increase in the dewatering rate and an increase in the retention compared to the addition of dispersant-free pigment slurries and pigment slurries which contain, for example, a low molecular weight polyacrylic acid as dispersant.
- the dispersants contained in the pigment slurries according to the invention have no disruptive influence on paper sizing.
- paper sizing can also be carried out simultaneously in the presence of starch.
- Sizing agents which are particularly suitable are the alkyl diketene emulsions known for this, for example C 16 / C 18 alkyl diketenes or synthetic polymer sizing agents which, for example, consist of
- EP-B-0 257 412 and EP-B-0 276 770 are known.
- the aqueous pigment slurries according to the invention can be used for the production of all filler-containing paper, cardboard and cardboard qualities, e.g. Papers for newspaper printing, so-called medium-fine writing and printing papers, gravure printing papers and lightweight coating base papers. Wood pulp, thermomechanical material (TMP), chemo-thermomechanical material (CTMP), pressure sanding (PGW) and sulphite and sulphate pulp are used as the main raw material components for the production of such papers.
- the process chemicals normally used, such as the above-mentioned sizing agents and retention aids, can also be used in papermaking.
- anionic retention agents such as high molecular weight copolymers of acrylamide and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid is particularly preferred.
- Copolymers of this type have K values of more than 200 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.1%, a pH of 7 and a temperature of 25 ° C).
- Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid which contain 5-95, preferably 10 to 50,% by weight of acrylic acid in copolymerized form are preferred.
- the anionic retention aids are used in quantities of 0.005 to 0.2, preferably 0.005 to 0.04% by weight, based on the weight of the paper fibers, in the manufacture of paper.
- the parts given in the examples are parts by weight, the data in% by weight.
- the viscosities were measured in a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 20 ° C
- Dispersant 1 Dispersant 1:
- a 25% aqueous solution of this dispersant has a viscosity of 1200 mPas.
- a 0.2% strength suspension in water was produced from 50% spruce sulfite pulp and 50% beech sulfite pulp.
- the pH of the stock suspension was 7.5, the freeness 35 ° SR (Schopper-Riegler).
- the chalk slurries described in Examples 1-12 were then added to this paper stock suspension in an amount of 40% chalk, based on dry fibrous stock.
- Each of the 12 samples thus obtained was divided into 4 samples (a) to (b), the following amounts of anionic polyacrylamide (polymer composed of 70% acrylamide and 30% sodium acrylate, average molecular weight of 10 7 g / mol) added:
- the leaves were burned in a muffle furnace. The determination was carried out in accordance with DIN 54370. The results obtained in each case for the retention are given in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 A 0.2% pulp suspension in water was prepared from 50% spruce sulfite pulp and 50% beech sulfite pulp. The pH of the stock suspension was 7.5, the freeness 35 ° SR. 40%, based on dry fibrous material, of finely divided chalk (Hydrocarb 60 from Omya) was added to this stock suspension and the filler-containing stock suspension was then divided
- Comparative Example 1 was repeated with the only exception that instead of the powdered chalk used there, a commercially available slurry of cationically dispersed chalk (Hydrocarb 60 GUK from Omya) was used. The values determined for the filler retention are given in Table 2.
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Abstract
Aqueous pigment dispersions containing up to 80 wt % of a finely divided dispersed pigment and 0.1 to 5 wt % of a polyalkylene polyamine with a molar mass of at least 300 or water-soluble reaction products of (a) polyalkylene polyamines with a molar mass of at least 300 and/or ethylene imine-grafted polyamidoamines and (b) at least difunctional cross-linking agents having, as the functional group, a halogen hydrine, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom, in which the reaction products have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas in 25 % aqueous solution at 20 °C, and use of the aqueous pigment dispersions as an additive to paper pulp in the production of filled paper.
Description
Wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen und ihre Verwendung bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier Beschreibung Aqueous pigment slurries and their use in the manufacture of filler paper Description
Die Erfindung betrifft wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen, die bis zu 80 Gew.-% eines feinteiligen Pigments dispergiert und 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% mindestens eines Dispergiermittels enthalten sowie die Verwendung der wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier. The invention relates to aqueous pigment slurries which disperse up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one dispersant, and to the use of the aqueous pigment slurries as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.
Um hochkonzentrierte wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen mit einer niedrigen Viskosität herstellen zu können, benötigt man ein wirksames Dispergiermittel. Bekannte Dispergiermittel sind beispielsweise niedrigmolekulare Polyacrylsäuren. Sie können beispielsweise nach dem aus der EP-B-0 002 771 bekannten Verfahren durch Polymerisieren von Acrylsäure in Isopropanol bei höheren Temperaturen und Drücken hergestellt werden. In order to be able to produce highly concentrated aqueous pigment slurries with a low viscosity, an effective dispersant is required. Known dispersants are, for example, low molecular weight polyacrylic acids. They can be produced, for example, by the process known from EP-B-0 002 771 by polymerizing acrylic acid in isopropanol at higher temperatures and pressures.
Aus der US-A-3 945 843 ist außerdem bekannt, Copolymerisate aus Methylacrylat und Acrylsäure als Dispergiermittel zur Herstellung von hochkonzentrierten Pigmentanschlämmungen, wie Calcium-carbonat-Slurries, zu verwenden. Die Pigmentanschlämmungen haben Feststoffgehalte von 50 bis 80 Gew.-% und werden zum Beschichten von Papier verwendet. Die oben beschriebenen konzentrierten wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen können jedoch nicht bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigen Papieren eingesetzt werden, weil die in den Pigmentanschlämmungen enthaltenen niedrigmolekularen Polyacrylsäuren die Wirksamkeit von Entwässerungsmitteln, Retentionsmitteln und Leimungsmitteln stark stören. From US-A-3 945 843 it is also known to use copolymers of methyl acrylate and acrylic acid as dispersants for the production of highly concentrated pigment slurries, such as calcium carbonate slurries. The pigment slurries have solids contents of 50 to 80% by weight and are used for coating paper. The concentrated aqueous pigment slurries described above, however, cannot be used in the production of filler-containing papers because the low molecular weight polyacrylic acids contained in the pigment slurries strongly interfere with the effectiveness of dewatering agents, retention agents and sizing agents.
Aus der älteren, nichtvorveröffentlichten deutschen Anmeldung P 43 06 608.9 sind wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen bekannt, die bis zu 80 Gew.-% eines feinteiligen Pigments dispergiert und 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% eines Dispergiermittels enthalten. Als Dispergiermittel werden dabei Reaktionsprodukte eingesetzt, die erhältlich sind durch Umsetzung von (a) Polyalkylenpolyaminen, Polyamidoaminen, mit Ethylenimin gepfropften Polyamidoaminen, Polyetheraminen sowie Mischungen der genannten Verbindungen mit
(b) monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, Salzen, Estern, Amiden oder Nitrilen von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, Chlorcarbonsäuren und/oder Glycidylverbindungen der Formel
in der From the older, unpublished German application P 43 06 608.9, aqueous pigment slurries are known which contain up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of a dispersant. Reaction products which can be obtained by reacting (a) polyalkylene polyamines, polyamidoamines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine, polyetheramines and mixtures of the compounds mentioned are used as dispersants (b) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts, esters, amides or nitriles of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, chlorocarboxylic acids and / or glycidyl compounds of the formula in the
X = -NH2, -OMe, -OR X = -NH 2 , -OMe, -OR
Me= H, Na, K, Ammonium und Me = H, Na, K, ammonium and
R = C1- bis C4-Alkyl oder C2- bis C4-Hydroxyalkyl bedeuten, und gegebenenfalls R = C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 4 -hydroxyalkyl, and optionally
(c) mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern, die als funktioneile Gruppe eine Halogenhydrin-, Glycidyl-, Aziridin- oder Isocyanat-Einheit oder ein Halogenatom aufweisen, zu wasserlöslichen Kondensationsprodukten, die in (c) at least bifunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as functional group to give water-soluble condensation products which are described in
20 gew.-%iger wäßriger Lösung bei 20°C eine Viskosität von mindestens 100 mPas haben. 20 wt .-% aqueous solution at 20 ° C have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas.
Diese Pigmentanschlämmungen werden als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier verwendet, wobei man gegenüber den bisher verwendeten dispergiermittelfreien Pigmentzusätzen zum Papierstoff eine Erhöhung der Entwässerungsgeschwindigkeit und eine Erhöhung der Retention erreicht. Aus der DE-B-24 36 386 ist bekannt, stickstoffhaltige Kondensationsprodukte, die durch Umsetzung von These pigment slurries are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper, an increase in the drainage rate and an increase in retention being achieved compared to the previously used dispersant-free pigment additives for the paper stock. From DE-B-24 36 386 it is known to contain nitrogen-containing condensation products by reacting
(a) einem Stickstoffäquivalent eines Polyalkylenpolyamins, das 15 - 500 Alkylenimin-Einheiten enthält mit (a) a nitrogen equivalent of a polyalkylene polyamine containing 15-500 alkyleneimine units
(b) 0,08 - 0,001 Mol-Teilen eines Polyethylenoxids, das (b) 0.08-0.001 mole parts of a polyethylene oxide which
18 - 90 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten enthält und das an den endständigen OH-Gruppen mit mindestens der äquivalenten Menge Contains 18 - 90 ethylene oxide units and that at the terminal OH groups with at least the equivalent amount
Epichlorhydrin umgesetzt worden ist bei 20 bis 100°C unter Bildung hochmolekularer, noch wasserlöslicher Harze erhältlich sind, als Entwässerungsbeschleuniger und Retentionsmittel bei der Herstellung von Papier zu verwenden. Die wasserlöslichen Harze haben in Form einer 20 - 25 %igen wäßrigen Lösung bei 25°C eine Viskosität von mehr als 300 mPas.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Pigmentanschlämmungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Dispergiermittel enthalten, die die Wirksamkeit von Retentions-, Entwässerungs- und Leimungsmittel bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigen Papieren nicht nachteilig beeinträchtigen. Epichlorohydrin has been implemented at 20 to 100 ° C with the formation of high molecular weight, still water-soluble resins are available to use as drainage accelerators and retention aids in the manufacture of paper. The water-soluble resins in the form of a 20-25% aqueous solution at 25 ° C have a viscosity of more than 300 mPas. The present invention has for its object to provide pigment slurries that contain dispersants that do not adversely affect the effectiveness of retention, drainage and sizing agents in the manufacture of filler-containing papers.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen, bis zu 80 Gew.-% eines feinteiligen Pigments dispergiert und 0,1 - 5 Gew.-% mindestens eines Dispergiermittels enthalten, wenn sie als Dispergiermittel Polyalkylenpolyamine mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 oder wasserlösliche Umsetzungsprodukte enthalten, die durch Reaktion von The object is achieved according to the invention with aqueous pigment slurries, dispersed up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and containing 0.1-5% by weight of at least one dispersant if they contain polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 or water-soluble reaction products as dispersants by reaction of
(a) Polyalkylenpolyaminen mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 und/oder mit Ethylenimin gepfropften Polyamidoaminen und (a) polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 and / or polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine and
(b) mindestens bifunktionelleή Vernetzern, die als funktionelle Gruppe einer Halogenhydrin-, Glycidyl-, Aziridin- oder Isocyanat-Einheit oder ein Halogenatom aufweisen, erhältlich sind und die in 20 gew.-%iger wäßriger Lösung bei 20°C eine Viskosität von mindestens 100 mPas haben. Solche hochkonzentrierten Pigmentanschlämmungen werden als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier verwendet. (b) at least bifunctional crosslinkers, which have a functional group of a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom, are available and which have a viscosity of at least 20 ° C. in 20% strength by weight aqueous solution Have 100 mPas. Such highly concentrated pigment slurries are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.
Als Pigmente kommen alle üblicherweise in der Papierindustrie einsetzbaren Pigmente in Betracht, z.B. Calciumcarbonat (in Form von Kalk, Kreide oder gefällter Kreide), Talkum, Kaolin, Suitable pigments are all pigments that can usually be used in the paper industry, e.g. Calcium carbonate (in the form of lime, chalk or precipitated chalk), talc, kaolin,
Bentonit, Satinweiß, Calciumsulfat und Titandioxid. Bei den Pigmenten kann es sich sowohl um Füllstoffpigmente als auch um Bentonite, satin white, calcium sulfate and titanium dioxide. The pigments can be both filler pigments and
Streichpigmente handeln. Der Teilchendurchmesser der Pigmente beträgt beispielsweise 0,1 bis 10 μm und liegt vorzugsweise unterhalb von 2 μm für 40 bis 90 % der Pigmentteilchen. Die Pigmente können sowohl in reiner Form als auch in Verbindung mit vorher zugesetztem polyanionischem Mahlhilfsmittel eingesetzt werden. Trade coating pigments. The particle diameter of the pigments is, for example, 0.1 to 10 μm and is preferably below 2 μm for 40 to 90% of the pigment particles. The pigments can be used both in pure form and in conjunction with previously added polyanionic grinding aid.
Die Herstellung der wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen erfolgt in der Regel bei Raumtemperatur in üblichen Vorrichtungen, z.B. in einem Dissolver oder einer Caddy-Mill. Da während des Dispergiervorgangs hohe Scherkräfte auf die Mischung aus Pigment, Wasser und Dispergiermittel einwirken, kann die Temperatur der Pigmentanschlämmungen bei der Herstellung ansteigen. The aqueous pigment slurries are usually prepared at room temperature in conventional devices, e.g. in a dissolver or a caddy mill. Since high shear forces act on the mixture of pigment, water and dispersant during the dispersing process, the temperature of the pigment slurries can rise during manufacture.
Wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen sind auch dadurch erhältlich, daß man grobteilige Pigmente in Gegenwart von Dispergiermittel und Wasser mahlt. Diese Herstellungsvariante von wäßrigen Pigmentan
schlämmungen hat vor allem Bedeutung für die Herstellung hochkonzentrierter Kreide-Slurries. Aqueous pigment slurries can also be obtained by grinding coarse-particle pigments in the presence of dispersant and water. This production variant of aqueous pigment Slurries are of particular importance for the production of highly concentrated chalk slurries.
Als Dispergiermittel kommen Polyalkylenpolyamine mit einer Mol- masse von mindestens 300 in Betracht. Bei diesen Verbindungen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Polyethylenimine mit Molmassen von mindestens 1200. Die Molmasse der Polyethylenimine kann bis zu 5000000 betragen. Die Polyethylenimine können mit organischen Säuren wie Ameisensäure, Essigsäure oder Propionsäure oder auch mit anorganischen Säuren wie Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure oder Suitable dispersants are polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300. These compounds are preferably polyethyleneimines with molecular weights of at least 1200. The molecular weight of the polyethyleneimines can be up to 5000000. The polyethyleneimines can with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid or also with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or
Phosphorsäure neutralisiert sein. Geeignete Polyethylenimine oder Salze von Polyethyleniminen haben in 10 gew.-%iger wäßriger Phosphoric acid to be neutralized. Suitable polyethyleneimines or salts of polyethyleneimines are more aqueous in 10% by weight
Lösung bei 20°C beispielsweise Viskositäten von 5 - 1500, vorzugsweise 25 - 700 mPas (Brookfield-Viskosimeter, 20 UpM). Der pH- Wert der Slurries kann in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden. Er beträgt beispielsweise 7 - 12, bevorzugt 7 - 9. Solution at 20 ° C, for example viscosities of 5 - 1500, preferably 25 - 700 mPas (Brookfield viscometer, 20 rpm). The pH of the slurries can be varied within a wide range. It is, for example, 7-12, preferably 7-9.
Eine weitere Klasse von Dispergiermitteln sind Umsetzungsprodukte, die durch Reaktion von Another class of dispersants are reaction products which are produced by the reaction of
(a) Polyalkylenpolyaminen einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 mit (a) Polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300
(b) mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern erhältlich sind. Als Komponente (a) kommen vorzugsweise die oben näher definierten Polyethylenimine mit Molmassen bis zu 5000000 in Betracht sowie mit Ethylenimin gepfropfte Polyamidoamine. Produkte dieser Art sind dadurch herstellbar, daß man Ethylenimin in Gegenwart von Säuren oder Lewis-Säuren, z.B. Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure oder Bortrifluoridetherat, auf Polyamidoamine einwirken läßt. Unter den geschilderten Bedingungen wird Ethylenimin auf das Polyamidoamin aufgepfropft. Beispielsweise kann man pro basischer Stick- stoffgruppierung im Polyamidoamin 1 bis 10 Ethylenimineinheiten aufpfropfen, d.h. auf 100 Gewichtsteile eines Polyamidoamins setzt man etwa 10 bis 500 Gewichtsteile Ethylenimin ein. (b) at least bifunctional crosslinkers are available. Component (a) is preferably the polyethyleneimines with molecular weights of up to 5,000,000, as well as polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine. Products of this type can be prepared by reacting ethyleneimine in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, e.g. Sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or boron trifluoride etherate, can act on polyamidoamines. Ethyleneimine is grafted onto the polyamidoamine under the conditions described. For example, 1 to 10 ethyleneimine units can be grafted onto each basic nitrogen group in the polyamidoamine, i.e. about 100 to 500 parts by weight of ethyleneimine are used per 100 parts by weight of a polyamidoamine.
Die Polyamidoamine erhält man beispielsweise durch Umsetzung von Dicarbonsäuren mit 4 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen mit Polyalkylenpolyaminen, die vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 basische Stickstoffatome im Molekül enthalten. Geeignete Dicarbonsäuren sind beispielsweise Bernsteinsäure, Maleinsäure, Adipinsäure, Glutarsäure, Korksäure, Sebacinsäure oder Terephthalsäure . Man kann auch Mischungen aus Carbonsäuren einsetzen, z.B. Mischungen aus Adipinsäure und The polyamidoamines are obtained, for example, by reacting dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 10 carbon atoms with polyalkylene polyamines, which preferably contain 3 to 10 basic nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Suitable dicarboxylic acids are, for example, succinic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid or terephthalic acid. Mixtures of carboxylic acids can also be used, e.g. Mixtures of adipic acid and
Glutarsäure oder Maleinsäure und Adipinsäure. Bevorzugt verwendet man Adipinsäure zur Herstellung der Polyamidoamine. Geeignete Polyalkylenpolyamine, die mit den Dicarbonsäuren kondensiert werden, wurden oben bereits genannt, z.B. Diethylentriamin,
Triethylentetramin, Dipropylentriamin, Tripropylentetramin, Di- hexamethylentriamin, Aminopropylethylendiamin und Bis-Amino-propylethylendiamin. Die Polyalkylenpolyamine können auch in Form von Mischungen bei der Herstellung der Polyamidoamine eingesetzt werden. Die Herstellung der Polyamidoamine erfolgt vorzugsweise in Substanz, kann jedoch auch gegebenenfalls in inerten Lösemitteln vorgenommen werden. Die Kondensation der Dicarbonsäuren mit den Polyalkylenpolyaminen wird bei höheren Temperaturen, z.B. in dem Bereich von 120 bis 220°C durchgeführt. Das bei der Reaktion gebildete Wasser wird aus dem Reaktionsgemisch abdestilliert. Die Kondensation kann gegebenenfalls auch in Gegenwart von Lactonen oder Lactamen von Carbonsäuren mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen vorgenommen werden. Pro Mol Dicarbonsäure verwendet man üblicherweise 0,8 bis 1,4 Mol eines Polyalkylenpolyamins. Die so erhältlichen Polyamidoamine weisen primäre und sekundäre Glutaric acid or maleic acid and adipic acid. Adipic acid is preferably used to prepare the polyamidoamines. Suitable polyalkylene polyamines which are condensed with the dicarboxylic acids have already been mentioned above, for example diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, dihexamethylenetriamine, aminopropylethylenediamine and bis-aminopropylethylenediamine. The polyalkylene polyamines can also be used in the form of mixtures in the preparation of the polyamidoamines. The polyamidoamines are preferably prepared in bulk, but can also be carried out, if appropriate, in inert solvents. The condensation of the dicarboxylic acids with the polyalkylene polyamines is carried out at higher temperatures, for example in the range from 120 to 220 ° C. The water formed in the reaction is distilled off from the reaction mixture. The condensation can optionally also be carried out in the presence of lactones or lactams of carboxylic acids having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. 0.8 to 1.4 mol of a polyalkylene polyamine is usually used per mole of dicarboxylic acid. The polyamidoamines obtainable in this way have primary and secondary
NH-Gruppen auf und sind in Wasser löslich. Mit Ethylenimin gepfropfte Polyamidoamine sind beispielsweise aus der NH groups and are soluble in water. Polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine are, for example, from
US-A-3 642 572 bekannt. Geeignete mindestens bifunktionelle Vernetzer (b) sind beispielsweise Epihalogenhydrine, insbesondere Epichlorhydrin, sowie α,ω-Bis-(chlorhydrin)polyalkylenglykolether und die daraus durch Behandlung mit Basen erhältlichen α,ω-Bis (epoxyde) von Polyalkylenglykolethern. Die Chlorhydrinether werden beispielsweise dadurch hergestellt, daß man Polyalkylenglykole im Molverhältnis 1 zu mindestens 2 bis 5 mit Epichlorhydrin umsetzt. Geeignete Polyalkylenglykole sind beispielsweise Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und Polybutylenglykole sowie Blockcopolymerisate von C2- bis C4-Alkylenoxyden. Die Polyalkylenglykole können die ihnen zugrundeliegenden Alkylenoxide auch in statistischer Verteilung enthalten. Die mittleren Molmassen (Mw) der Polyalkylenglykole betragen beispielsweise 200 bis 6000 und liegen vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 300 bis 2000 g/mol. Vorzugsweise verwendet man Bis-chlorhydrinether von Polyethylenglykolen. US-A-3 642 572. Suitable at least bifunctional crosslinkers (b) are, for example, epihalohydrins, in particular epichlorohydrin, and also α, ω-bis (chlorohydrin) polyalkylene glycol ethers and the α, ω-bis (epoxides) of polyalkylene glycol ethers obtainable therefrom by treatment with bases. The chlorohydrin ethers are prepared, for example, by reacting polyalkylene glycols in a molar ratio of 1 to at least 2 to 5 with epichlorohydrin. Suitable polyalkylene glycols are, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polybutylene glycols and block copolymers of C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxides. The polyalkylene glycols can also contain the alkylene oxides on which they are based in a statistical distribution. The average molar masses (M w ) of the polyalkylene glycols are, for example, 200 to 6000 and are preferably in the range from 300 to 2000 g / mol. Bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene glycols are preferably used.
α,ω-Bis-(chlorhydrin)polyalkylenglykolether dieser Art werden beispielsweise in der US-A-4 144 123 beschrieben. Wie darin ebenfalls angegeben ist, entstehen aus den Dichlorhydrinethern durch Behandlung mit Basen die entsprechenden Bisglycidylether. Die in der oben zum Stand der Technik genannten DE-B-2 436 386 beschrie- benen stickstoffhaltigen Kondensationsprodukte, die durch Umsetzung von Polyalkylenpolyaminen mit Bis-chlorhydrinethern von Polyalkylenglykolen erhältlich sind und dort als Entwässerungsbeschleuniger und Retentionshilfsmittel beschrieben sind, werden erfindungsgemäß als Dispergiermittel zur Herstellung der hochkonzentrierten Pigmentanschlämmungen verwendet.
Außerdem eignen sich als Vernetzer α,ω-Dichlorpolyalkylenglykole, die beispielsweise aus der EP-B-0 025 515 bekannt sind. Sie sind dadurch erhältlich, daß man zwei- bis vierwertige Alkohole, vorzugsweise alkoxylierte zwei- bis vierwertige Alkohole. entweder α, ω-bis (chlorohydrin) polyalkylene glycol ethers of this type are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,144,123. As is also indicated therein, the corresponding bisglycidyl ethers are formed from the dichlorohydrin ethers by treatment with bases. The nitrogen-containing condensation products described in DE-B-2 436 386 cited above for the prior art, which can be obtained by reacting polyalkylene polyamines with bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols and are described there as dewatering accelerators and retention aids, are used according to the invention as dispersants for the preparation of the highly concentrated pigment slurry. Also suitable as crosslinkers are α, ω-dichloropolyalkylene glycols, which are known, for example, from EP-B-0 025 515. They are obtainable by adding di- to tetravalent alcohols, preferably alkoxylated di- to tetravalent alcohols. either
1. mit Thionylchlorid unter HCl-Abspaltung und nachfolgender katalytischer Zersetzung der chlorsulfonierten Verbindungen unter Schwefeldioxidabspaltung umsetzt oder 2. mit Phosgen unter HCl-Abspaltung in die entsprechenden Bis- Chlorkohlensäureester überführt und daraus anschließend durch katalytische Zersetzung unter Kohlendioxidabspaltung 1. reacted with thionyl chloride with elimination of HCl and subsequent catalytic decomposition of the chlorosulfonated compounds with elimination of sulfur dioxide or 2. converted with phosgene with elimination of HCl into the corresponding bis-chlorocarbonic acid esters and subsequently by catalytic decomposition with elimination of carbon dioxide
α,ω-Dichlorether erhält. Als Alkoholkomponente werden vorzugsweise ethoxylierte und/oder propoxylierte Glykole eingesetzt, die mit 1 bis 100, insbesondere 4 bis 40 Mol Ethylenoxid pro Mol Glykol zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Andere geeignete Vernetzer sind α,ω- oder vicinale Dichloralkane, beispielsweise 1,2-Dichlorethan, 1,2-Dichlorpropan, 1,3-Dichlorpropan, 1,4-Dichlorbutan und 1,6-Dichlorhexan. Beispiele für weitere Vernetzer sind die Umsetzungsprodukte von mindestens dreiwertigen Alkoholen mit Epichlorhydrin zu Reaktionsprodukten, die mindestens zwei Chlorhydrin-Einheiten aufweisen, z.B. verwendet man als mehrwertige Alkohole Glycerin, ethoxilierte oder propoxilierte Glycerine, Polyglycerine mit 2 bis 15 Glycerin-Ein¬heiten im Molekül sowie gegebenenfalls ethoxilierte und/oder propoxilierte Polyglycerine. Vernetzer dieser Art sind beispielsweise aus der DE-B-2 916 356 bekannt. Außerdem eignen sich Vernetzer, die blockierte Isocyanat-Gruppen enthalten, z.B. Trimethylhexamethylendiisocyanat blockiert mit 2,2,3,6-Tetramethyl-piperidinon-4. Solche Vernetzer sind bekannt, vgl. beispielsweise DE-A-4 028 285, sowie Aziridin-Einheiten enthaltende Vernetzer auf Basis von Polyethern oder substituierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, z.B. 1,6-Bis-N-aziridinohexan, vgl. US-A-3 977 923. Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren Vernetzern zur Molekulargewichtserhöhung zu verwenden. Die wasserlöslichen Umsetzungsprodukte, die erfindungsgemäß als Dispergiermittel in wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen enthalten sind, werden durch Reaktion von Polyakylenpolyaminen einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 mit den unter (b) genannten mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern hergestellt. Die Umsetzung wird vorzugsweise in einem Lösemittel, beispielsweise Wasser, durchgeführt. Die Reaktion kann in dem Temperaturbereich von 10 bis 200°C, vorzugsweise 30 bis 100°C vorgenommen werden. Sofern die
Reaktionstemperatur oberhalb des Siedepunkts des Reaktionsteilnehmers bzw. des Lösemittels liegt, wird sie unter Druck durchgeführt. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Umsetzung .in wäßriger Lösung, so daß man direkt wasserlösliche Kondensationsprodukte erhält, wobei der Feststoffgehalt der wäßrigen Lösungen 10 bis 35 Gew.-% beträgt. Die wäßrigen Lösungen haben bei einer Konzentration von 25 Gew.-% und einer Temperatur von 20°C eine Viskosität von mindestens 100 mPas. Die Viskosität der 25 %igen wäßrigen Lösungen kann bis zu 10000 mPas betragen und liegt vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 200 - 2000 mPas. α, ω-dichloro ether is obtained. The alcohol component used is preferably ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycols which are reacted with 1 to 100, in particular 4 to 40, moles of ethylene oxide per mole of glycol. Other suitable crosslinkers are α, ω- or vicinal dichloroalkanes, for example 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane and 1,6-dichlorohexane. Examples of further crosslinkers are the reaction products of at least trihydric alcohols with epichlorohydrin to reaction products which have at least two chlorohydrin units, for example glycerol, ethoxylated or propoxylated glycerols, polyglycerols with 2 to 15 glycerol units in the molecule and polyglycerols are used optionally ethoxylated and / or propoxylated polyglycerols. Crosslinkers of this type are known, for example, from DE-B-2 916 356. Also suitable are crosslinkers which contain blocked isocyanate groups, for example trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate blocked with 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-piperidinone-4. Such crosslinkers are known, cf. for example DE-A-4 028 285, and crosslinkers containing aziridine units based on polyethers or substituted hydrocarbons, for example 1,6-bis-N-aziridinohexane, cf. US-A-3 977 923. It is of course also possible to use mixtures of two or more crosslinking agents for increasing the molecular weight. The water-soluble reaction products which are present according to the invention as dispersants in aqueous pigment slurries are prepared by reacting polyakylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 with the at least bifunctional crosslinking agents mentioned under (b). The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent, for example water. The reaction can be carried out in the temperature range from 10 to 200 ° C., preferably 30 to 100 ° C. If the Reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the reactant or the solvent, it is carried out under pressure. The reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous solution so that water-soluble condensation products are obtained directly, the solids content of the aqueous solutions being 10 to 35% by weight. The aqueous solutions have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas at a concentration of 25% by weight and a temperature of 20 ° C. The viscosity of the 25% aqueous solutions can be up to 10000 mPas and is preferably in the range of 200-2000 mPas.
Bevorzugt sind solche wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen, die als Pigment feinteilige Kreide und als Dispergiermittel Polyethylenimin mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 1200 oder wasserlösliche Umsetzungsprodukte enthalten, die durch Reaktion von Preference is given to aqueous pigment slurries which contain finely divided chalk as the pigment and polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of at least 1200 or water-soluble reaction products as the dispersant, which by reaction of
(a) Polyethyleniminen einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 und (a) polyethyleneimines with a molecular weight of at least 300 and
(b) mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern, die als funktionelle Gruppe einer Halogenhydrin-, Glycidyl-, Aziridin- oder Iso- cyanat-Einheit oder ein Halogenatom aufweisen, erhältlich sind. Besonders wirksam sind solche Dispergiermittel, die durch Reaktion von (b) at least bifunctional crosslinkers which are available as a functional group of a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or have a halogen atom. Particularly effective dispersants are those which are obtained by reacting
(a) Polyethyleniminen einer Molmasse von mindestens 1200 und (a) polyethyleneimines with a molecular weight of at least 1200 and
(b) Epichlorhydrin, Bis-Epoxiden oder Bis-Chlorhydrinethern von Polyethylenoxiden und/oder Polypropylenoxiden mit jeweils mittleren Molmassen von etwa 200 bis 2000 im Gewichtsverhältnis (a) : (b) von 1 : 0,01 bis 1 : 10, bevorzugt (b) Epichlorohydrin, bis-epoxides or bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene oxides and / or polypropylene oxides, each with average molecular weights of about 200 to 2000 in the weight ratio (a): (b) of 1: 0.01 to 1:10, preferably
1:0,01 bis 1:1 modifiziert sind. Die Bis-Epoxide oder Bis- Chlorhydrinether von Polyethylenoxiden und Polypropylenoxiden leiten sich entweder von Blockcopolymerisaten oder von statistischen Copolymerisaten aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid ab, wobei die Blockcopolymerisate Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid in beliebigen Verhältnissen einpolymerisiert enthalten können. 1: 0.01 to 1: 1 are modified. The bis-epoxides or bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides are derived either from block copolymers or from statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, it being possible for the block copolymers to contain copolymerized ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in any ratio.
Die wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen enthalten die oben beschriebenen Dispergiermittel in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-%. Die wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen werden als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigen Papieren, Pappen oder Kartons verwendet. Sie werden in einer solchen Menge angewendet, daß füllstoffhaltige Papiere entstehen, die 2 bis 60, vorzugsweise 5 bis 30 Gew.-% mindestens einer Pigmentsorte enthalten. Der Einsatz der wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoff-
haltigem Papier bewirkt eine Erhöhung der Entwässerungsgeschwindigkeit und eine Erhöhung der Retention gegenüber der Zugabe von dispergiermittelfreien Pigmentanschlämmungen und von Pigmentanschlämmungen, die beispielsweise eine niedrigmolekulare Polyacrylsäure als Dispergiermittel enthalten. Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Pigmentanschlämmungen enthaltenen Dispergiermittel haben im Gegensatz zu niedrigmolekularen Polyacrylsäuren keinen störenden Einfluß auf die Papierleimung. Während des Herstellungsprozesses von füllstoffhaltigen Papieren unter Verwendung der oben beschriebenen Pigmentanschlämmungen kann z.B. auch in Gegenwart von Stärke gleichzeitig eine Papierleimung durchgeführt werden. Als Leimungsmittel sind insbesondere die hierfür bekannten Alkyldiketenemulsionen, z.B. C16/C18-Alkyldiketene oder synthetische Polymerleimungsmittel geeignet, die beispielsweise aus der The aqueous pigment slurries contain the dispersants described above in amounts of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight. The aqueous pigment slurries are used as additives to the paper stock in the manufacture of filler-containing papers, cardboards or cardboard boxes. They are used in an amount such that filler-containing papers are formed which contain 2 to 60, preferably 5 to 30,% by weight of at least one type of pigment. The use of the aqueous pigment slurry as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler containing paper causes an increase in the dewatering rate and an increase in the retention compared to the addition of dispersant-free pigment slurries and pigment slurries which contain, for example, a low molecular weight polyacrylic acid as dispersant. In contrast to low molecular weight polyacrylic acids, the dispersants contained in the pigment slurries according to the invention have no disruptive influence on paper sizing. During the production process of filler-containing papers using the pigment slurries described above, for example, paper sizing can also be carried out simultaneously in the presence of starch. Sizing agents which are particularly suitable are the alkyl diketene emulsions known for this, for example C 16 / C 18 alkyl diketenes or synthetic polymer sizing agents which, for example, consist of
EP-B-0 257 412 und der EP-B-0 276 770 bekannt sind. EP-B-0 257 412 and EP-B-0 276 770 are known.
Die erfindungsgemäßen wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen können zur Herstellung sämtlicher füllstoffhaltiger Papier-, Pappe- und Kartonqualitäten eingesetzt werden, z.B. Papiere für den Zeitungsdruck, sogenannte mittelfeine Schreib- und Druckpapiere, Naturtiefdruckpapiere und leichtgewichtige Streichrohpapiere. Zur Herstellung solcher Papiere verwendet man als Hauptrohstoffkomponente Holzschliff, thermomechanischen Stoff (TMP), chemo-thermomechanischen Stoff (CTMP), Druckschliff (PGW) sowie Sulfit- und Sulfatzellstoff. Bei der Papierherstellung können die üblicherweise eingesetzten Prozeßchemikalien wie die obengenannten Leimungsmittel sowie Retentionsmittel mitverwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei die Mitverwendung von anionischem Retentionsmitteln wie hochmolekularen Copolymerisaten aus Acrylamid und ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren wie Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure oder Maleinsäure. Copolymerisate dieser Art haben K-Werte von mehr als 200 (bestimmt nach H. Fikentscher in 5 %iger wäßriger Kochsalzlösung bei einer Polymerkonzentration von 0,1 %, einem pH-Wert von 7 und einer Temperatur von 25°C). Bevorzugt kommen Copolymerisate aus Acrylamid und Acrylsäure in Betracht, die 5 - 95, bevorzugt 10 bis 50 Gew.-% Acrylsäure einpolymerisiert enthalten. Die anionischen Retentionsmittel werden in Mengen von 0,005 bis 0,2, vorzugsweise von 0,005 - 0,04 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Papierfasern, bei der Papierherstellung eingesetzt. The aqueous pigment slurries according to the invention can be used for the production of all filler-containing paper, cardboard and cardboard qualities, e.g. Papers for newspaper printing, so-called medium-fine writing and printing papers, gravure printing papers and lightweight coating base papers. Wood pulp, thermomechanical material (TMP), chemo-thermomechanical material (CTMP), pressure sanding (PGW) and sulphite and sulphate pulp are used as the main raw material components for the production of such papers. The process chemicals normally used, such as the above-mentioned sizing agents and retention aids, can also be used in papermaking. The use of anionic retention agents such as high molecular weight copolymers of acrylamide and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid is particularly preferred. Copolymers of this type have K values of more than 200 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.1%, a pH of 7 and a temperature of 25 ° C). Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid which contain 5-95, preferably 10 to 50,% by weight of acrylic acid in copolymerized form are preferred. The anionic retention aids are used in quantities of 0.005 to 0.2, preferably 0.005 to 0.04% by weight, based on the weight of the paper fibers, in the manufacture of paper.
Die in den Beispielen angegebenen Teile sind Gewichtsteile, die Angaben in % Gewichtsprozent. Die Viskositäten wurden in einem Brookfield-Viskosimeter bei einer Temperatur von 20°C an The parts given in the examples are parts by weight, the data in% by weight. The viscosities were measured in a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 20 ° C
25 gew.-%igen Lösungen der Dispergiermittel bei 20 UpM bestimmt. Der Aschegehalt im Papier wurde nach DIN 54370 ermittelt.
Beispiele 25 wt .-% solutions of the dispersant determined at 20 rpm. The ash content in the paper was determined in accordance with DIN 54370. Examples
Folgende Dispergiermittel wurden verwendet Dispergiermittel 1: The following dispersants were used: Dispersant 1:
Polyethylenimin einer mittleren Molmasse von 21 000 g/Mol, Viskosität eitter 25 %igen wäßrigen Lösung betrug 35 mPas. Polyethyleneimine with an average molecular weight of 21,000 g / mol, viscosity of a 25% aqueous solution was 35 mPas.
Dispergiermittel 2: Dispersant 2:
Umsetzungsprodukt aus einem Polyethylenimin einer Molmasse von 21 000 g/Mol mit dem Bis-chlorhydrinether von Polyethylenglykol einer mittleren Molmasse von 1500 im Gewichtsverhältnis 1 : 0,12 und Neutralisieren des Umsetzungsprodukts mit Essigsäure auf pH 7. Reaction product from a polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of 21,000 g / mol with the bis-chlorohydrin ether of polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 1,500 in a weight ratio of 1: 0.12 and neutralizing the reaction product with acetic acid to pH 7.
Dispergiermittel 3: Dispersant 3:
Mit Essigsäure auf pH 7 eingestellte 25 %ige wäßrige Lösung von Polyethylenimin mit einer Molmasse von 1 · 106 g/Mol. Eine 25 %ige wäßrige Lösung hatte eine Viskosität von 220 mPas. 25% aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine with a molar mass of 1 × 10 6 g / mol adjusted to pH 7 with acetic acid. A 25% aqueous solution had a viscosity of 220 mPas.
Dispergiermittel 4: Dispersant 4:
Umsetzungsprodukt von Polyethylenimin eines Molekulargewichts von 1 · 106 g/Mol mit dem Bis-chlorhydrinether von Polyethylenoxid eines mittleren Molgewichts von 1500 im Gewichtsverhältnis Reaction product of polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of 1 · 10 6 g / mol with the bis-chlorohydrin ether of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 1500 in a weight ratio
1 : 0,06. Eine 25 %ige wäßrige Lösung dieses Dispergiermittels hat eine Viskosität von 1200 mPas. 1: 0.06. A 25% aqueous solution of this dispersant has a viscosity of 1200 mPas.
Beispiele 1 bis 12 Herstellung von Kreide-Slurries Examples 1 to 12 Preparation of chalk slurries
Allgemeine Vorschrift General rule
In einem 800 ml fassenden Becherglas wurden jeweils 210 g Wasser und soviel einer wäßrigen Lösung der Dispergiermittel 1 bis 4 vorgelegt, daß die Menge an Dispergiermittel, jeweils bezogen auf Kreide, die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Feststoffgehalte von 0,5 bzw. 0,3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf Kreide hatte. Danach wurden unter Rühren mit einem Laborschnellrührer innerhalb von 10 Minuten 400 g einer feinteiligen Kreide der in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Herkunft eingerührt. Nach Zugabe der gesamten Kreidemenge rührte man die Anschlämmungen jeweils 15 Minuten bei einer Drehzahl von 2500 UpM bestimmte danach die Viskosität der Anschlämmung in einem Brookfieldviskosimeter, Spindel 1 bei 20°C. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
Beispiele 13 bis 24 In an 800 ml beaker, 210 g of water and an amount of an aqueous solution of the dispersing agents 1 to 4 were placed so that the amount of dispersing agent, based in each case on chalk, the solids contents of 0.5 and 0.3 wt .-%, based on chalk. Thereafter, 400 g of a finely divided chalk of the origin indicated in Table 1 were stirred in with a laboratory rapid stirrer within 10 minutes. After the entire amount of chalk had been added, the slurries were each stirred for 15 minutes at a speed of 2500 rpm, after which the viscosity of the slurry was determined in a Brookfield viscometer, spindle 1 at 20 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1. Examples 13 to 24
Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier Manufacture of paper containing fillers
Aus 50 % Fichtensulfitzellstoff und 50 % Buchensulfitzellstoff wurde eine 0,2 %ige Stoffsuspension in Wasser hergestellt. Der pH-Wert der Stoffsuspension betrug 7,5, der Mahlgrad 35° SR (Schopper-Riegler). Zu dieser Papierstoffsuspension gab man anschließend jeweils die in den Beispielen 1 - 12 beschriebenen Kreideslurries in einer Menge von 40 % Kreide, bezogen auf trokkenen Faserstoff. Jede der so erhaltenen 12 Proben wurden jeweils in 4 Proben (a) bis (b) geteilt, wobei man dann zu den Proben (b) bis (d) die nachfolgenden Mengen an anionischem Polyacrylamid (Polymerisat aus 70 % Acrylamid und 30 % Natriumacrylat, mittleres Molgewicht von 107 g/Mol) zusetzte: A 0.2% strength suspension in water was produced from 50% spruce sulfite pulp and 50% beech sulfite pulp. The pH of the stock suspension was 7.5, the freeness 35 ° SR (Schopper-Riegler). The chalk slurries described in Examples 1-12 were then added to this paper stock suspension in an amount of 40% chalk, based on dry fibrous stock. Each of the 12 samples thus obtained was divided into 4 samples (a) to (b), the following amounts of anionic polyacrylamide (polymer composed of 70% acrylamide and 30% sodium acrylate, average molecular weight of 10 7 g / mol) added:
Probe (a) : 0 % anionisches Polyacrylamid Probe (b) : 0,005 % anionisches Polyacrylamid Sample (a): 0% anionic polyacrylamide Sample (b): 0.005% anionic polyacrylamide
Probe (c) : 0,01 % anionisches Polyacrylamid Sample (c): 0.01% anionic polyacrylamide
Probe (d) 0,02 % anionisches Polyacrylamid. Sample (d) 0.02% anionic polyacrylamide.
Die Proben (b) bis (d), die ein anionisches Polyacrylamid als Retentionsmittel enthielten, wurden jeweils nach 30 sec Einwirkzeit des Retentionsmittels in einem Laborblattbildner unter Bildung von Blättern einer Flächenmasse von 68 g/m2 entwässert. Aus den Proben (a) wurden ebenfalls in einem Laborblattbildner Blätter einer Flächenmasse von 68 g/m2 hergestellt. Um den Kreidegehalt der Blätter zu bestimmen und damit ein Maß für die Retention der Kreide zu erhalten, wurden die Blätter in einem Muffelofen verbrannt. Die Bestimmung erfolgte nach DIN 54370. Die jeweils erhaltenen Ergebnisse für die Retention sind in Tabelle 2 angegeben. Samples (b) to (d), which contained an anionic polyacrylamide as retention agent, were each dewatered after 30 seconds of action of the retention agent in a laboratory sheet former to form sheets with a mass per unit area of 68 g / m 2 . Sheets with a basis weight of 68 g / m 2 were also produced from the samples (a) in a laboratory sheet former. In order to determine the chalk content of the leaves and thus to obtain a measure of the retention of the chalk, the leaves were burned in a muffle furnace. The determination was carried out in accordance with DIN 54370. The results obtained in each case for the retention are given in Table 2.
Vergleichsbeispiel 1 Aus 50 % Fichtensulfitzellstoff und 50 % Buchensulfitzellstoff wurde eine 0,2 %ige Stoffsuspension in Wasser hergestellt. Der pH-Wert der Stoffsuspension betrug 7,5, der Mahlgrad 35° SR. Zu dieser Stoffsuspension gab man 40 %, bezogen auf trockenen Faserstoff, an feinteiliger Kreide (Hydrocarb 60 der Fa. Omya) und teilte die füllstoffhaltige Stoffsuspension anschließend inComparative Example 1 A 0.2% pulp suspension in water was prepared from 50% spruce sulfite pulp and 50% beech sulfite pulp. The pH of the stock suspension was 7.5, the freeness 35 ° SR. 40%, based on dry fibrous material, of finely divided chalk (Hydrocarb 60 from Omya) was added to this stock suspension and the filler-containing stock suspension was then divided
4 Proben (a) bis (d). In den Proben (b) bis (d) wurde das in den Beispielen 13 bis 24 unter Proben (b) bis (d) angegebene anioni
sehe Polyacrylamid in den dort ebenfalls beschriebenen Mengen zugesetzt und, wie oben beschrieben, in einem Laborblattbildner entwässert. Die Werte für die Füllstoffretention sind in Tabelle 2 angegeben. 4 samples (a) to (d). In samples (b) to (d) the anioni given in Examples 13 to 24 under samples (b) to (d) was see polyacrylamide added in the amounts also described there and, as described above, dewatered in a laboratory sheet former. The filler retention values are given in Table 2.
Vergleichsbeispiel 2 Comparative Example 2
Das Vergleichsbeispiel 1 wurde mit der einzigen Ausnahme wiederholt, daß man anstelle der dort verwendeten pulverförmigen Kreide jetzt eine handelsübliche Anschlämmung an kationisch dispergierter Kreide (Hydrocarb 60 GUK der Fa. Omya) einsetzte. Die für die Füllstoffretention ermittelten Werte sind in Tabelle 2 angegeben. Comparative Example 1 was repeated with the only exception that instead of the powdered chalk used there, a commercially available slurry of cationically dispersed chalk (Hydrocarb 60 GUK from Omya) was used. The values determined for the filler retention are given in Table 2.
Claims
1. Wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen, die bis zu 80 Gew.—% eines feinteiligen Pigments dispergiert und 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% mindestens eines Dispergiermittels enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Dispergiermittel Polyalkylenpolyamine mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 oder wasserlösliche Umsetzungsprodukte enthalten, die durch Reaktion von 1. Aqueous pigment slurries which disperse up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment and contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one dispersant, characterized in that they contain polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 or water-soluble reaction products as dispersants by reaction of
(a) Polyalkylenpolyaminen einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 und/oder mit Ethylenimin gepfropften Polyamidoaminen und (a) polyalkylene polyamines with a molecular weight of at least 300 and / or polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine and
(b) mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern, die als funktionelle Gruppe eine Halogenhydrin-, Glycidyl-, (b) at least bifunctional crosslinking agents which as a functional group contain a halohydrin, glycidyl,
Aziridin- oder Isocyanat-Einheit oder ein Halogenatom aufweisen, erhältlich sind und die in 25 gew.-%iger wäßriger Lösung bei 20°C eine Viskosität von mindestens 100 mPas haben. Aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom, are available and which have a viscosity of at least 100 mPas in 25 wt .-% aqueous solution at 20 ° C.
2. Wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Pigment feinteilige Kreide und als Dispergiermittel Polyethylenimin mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 1200 oder wasserlösliche Umsetzungsprodukte enthalten, die durch Reaktion von 2. Aqueous pigment slurries according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain, as pigment, finely divided chalk and as a dispersant, polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of at least 1200 or water-soluble reaction products which are obtained by reaction of
(a) Polyethylenimin einer Molmasse von mindestens 300 und (b) mindestens bifunktionellen Vernetzern, die als funktioneile Gruppe eine Halogenhydrin-, Glycidyl-, (a) polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of at least 300 and (b) at least bifunctional crosslinking agents which as a functional group contain a halohydrin, glycidyl,
Aziridin- oder Isocyanat-Einheit oder ein Halogenatom aufweisen, erhältlich sind. Aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom are available.
3. Wäßrige Pigmentanschlämmnungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Pigment feinteilige Kreide und als Dispergiermittel wasserlösliche Umsetzungsprodukte enthalten, die durch Reaktion von 3. Aqueous pigment slurries according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain finely divided chalk as a pigment and water-soluble reaction products as a dispersant, which by reaction of
(a) Polyethylenimin mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 1200 mit (b) Epichlorhydrin, Bis-epoxiden oder Bis-chlorhydrinethern von Polyethylenoxiden und/oder Polypropylenoxiden mit jeweils mittleren Molmassen von etwa 200 bis 2000 im Gewichtsverhältnis (a) : (b) von 1 : 0,01 bis 1 : 10 modifiziert sind. (a) Polyethyleneimine with a molecular weight of at least 1200 with (b) epichlorohydrin, bis-epoxides or bis-chlorohydrin ethers of polyethylene oxides and / or polypropylene oxides, each with average molecular weights of about 200 to 2000 im Weight ratio (a): (b) from 1: 0.01 to 1:10 are modified.
4. Verwendung der wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 als Zusatz zum Papierstoff bei der Herstellung von füllstoffhaltigem Papier. 4. Use of the aqueous pigment slurry according to one of claims 1 to 3 as an additive to the pulp in the production of filler-containing paper.
5. Verwendung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die wäßrigen Pigmentanschlämmungen zusammen mit anionischen Retentionsmitteln dem Papierstoff zusetzt. 5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the aqueous pigment slurries are added to the paper stock together with anionic retention agents.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4335194 | 1993-10-15 | ||
| DE4335194A DE4335194A1 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1993-10-15 | Aqueous pigment slurries and their use in the manufacture of paper containing fillers |
| PCT/EP1994/003304 WO1995010662A1 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-10-06 | Aqueous pigment dispersions and their use in the production of filled paper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0723615A1 true EP0723615A1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
Family
ID=6500235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94929514A Withdrawn EP0723615A1 (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-10-06 | Aqueous pigment dispersions and their use in the production of filled paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5695610A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0723615A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2171725A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4335194A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995010662A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19505751A1 (en) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-22 | Basf Ag | Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and their use as sizing agents for paper |
| DE19716821A1 (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 1998-10-29 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of paper, cardboard and cardboard |
| FI117870B (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2011-06-27 | M Real Oyj | Coated fiber web and process for making it |
| FI116573B (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2005-12-30 | M Real Oyj | Filler for making thin base paper and method for making base paper |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3325346A (en) * | 1964-06-26 | 1967-06-13 | Chemirad Corp | Process of making paper using reaction product of polyethyleneimine and polyisocyanate |
| US3418204A (en) * | 1965-08-04 | 1968-12-24 | Chemirad Corp | Polyalkylene imine partially cross-linked with formaldehyde and pigment retention in paper-making therewith |
| DE2237791A1 (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1974-02-14 | Bayer Ag | FLOWABLE, DISPERSIBLE INORGANIC PIGMENTS AND FILLERS |
| AR204755A1 (en) * | 1974-05-04 | 1976-02-27 | Bayer Ag | AQUEOUS PIGMENT DISPERSIONS |
| DE3686547T2 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1993-03-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | PRODUCTION OF UREA POLYAMINE RESIN FOR PAPER CLOTHING COMPOSITIONS. |
| US5059248A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-10-22 | Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. | Stable, fluid, aqueous pigment dispersions for use in film coating tablets and the like |
| CA2048186A1 (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-02-11 | Yoshifumi Yoshida | Paper coating composition |
| US5169441A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-12-08 | Hercules Incorporated | Cationic dispersion and process for cationizing finely divided particulate matter |
| DE4105919A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-08-27 | Basf Ag | AQUEOUS PENDINGS OF FINE-PARTIC FILLERS AND THEIR USE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL-CONTAINING PAPER |
-
1993
- 1993-10-15 DE DE4335194A patent/DE4335194A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-10-06 EP EP94929514A patent/EP0723615A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-10-06 CA CA002171725A patent/CA2171725A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-06 WO PCT/EP1994/003304 patent/WO1995010662A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-10-06 US US08/612,828 patent/US5695610A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9510662A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5695610A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
| CA2171725A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| WO1995010662A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| DE4335194A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
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