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EP0723582A1 - Amelioration apportees au traitement de dechets - Google Patents

Amelioration apportees au traitement de dechets

Info

Publication number
EP0723582A1
EP0723582A1 EP94929602A EP94929602A EP0723582A1 EP 0723582 A1 EP0723582 A1 EP 0723582A1 EP 94929602 A EP94929602 A EP 94929602A EP 94929602 A EP94929602 A EP 94929602A EP 0723582 A1 EP0723582 A1 EP 0723582A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
cell
decomposition
energy
management container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94929602A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gareth Mansell 1 Holyrood Close EVANS
Christina Lynne 1 Holyrood Close EVANS
Ian Ernest 11 Nightingale Close PELL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biomass Recycling Ltd
Original Assignee
Biomass Recycling Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB939321268A external-priority patent/GB9321268D0/en
Priority claimed from GB9407527A external-priority patent/GB9407527D0/en
Application filed by Biomass Recycling Ltd filed Critical Biomass Recycling Ltd
Publication of EP0723582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0723582A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/02—Percolation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes

Definitions

  • Waste in this context refers broadly to domestic, household, commercial and non-hazardous industrial refuse. Waste, as defined, would normally contain biodegradable material such as garden cuttings, paper, food material, wood and similar. Manures, agricultural slurries or sewage could be added to help accelerate, increase or enhance biodegradability.
  • biodegradable material such as garden cuttings, paper, food material, wood and similar.
  • Manures, agricultural slurries or sewage could be added to help accelerate, increase or enhance biodegradability.
  • the natural decomposition of wastes, of the kind previously detailed, under traditional landfill disposal methods is a well appreciated phenomenon.
  • the bacterial break down involved is also widely understood to result in the production of quantities of biogas (often referred to as landfill gas) over time.
  • This biogas is typically composed of approximately 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. Both the use of the methane fraction of this gas to drive electrical generators and its flaring off at landfill sites are well known.
  • a method of treating biodegradable organic waste material of the kind foundsin domestic, household, commercial and industrial waste comprising the steps of mixing the waste with a liquid to form a suspension in which the waste material represent at least 40% by volume on a dry solid basis and putting the said organic waste material suspension into an enclosure lined with a fluid impermeable liner and sealed by a cover to form a bioreactor cell, which is substantially gas tight and excludes air, applying heat from an external source so as to raise the temperature of said material to a temperature above ambient so that a microbial composition reaction can commence and continue at an enhanced rate drawing off gas formed by the biological decomposition and, on completion of decomposition, removing the decomposed material from said cell.
  • the invention can be carried out by use of a waste management container incorporating a cavity formed by a structure, pit or excavation, lined with a fluid impermeable liner and sealed by a cover to create a bioreactor cell, in which biodegradable material is arranged to be subjected to a decomposition process to thereby provide usable energy, said container further comprising means for provision of a controlled quantity of thermal or other energy in addition to said energy provided by decomposition so as to bring the cell to a chosen temperature for commencement and then for continuation of said decomposition process.
  • a large excavated cavity, trench or pit is lined with impermeable material, filled with waste, and a fluid impermeable top layer placed above.
  • the system can be regarded as providing an individual containment cell for the biological degradation of the waste within.
  • the cavity is of truncated substantially catenoid shape that is its under surface is as near to a catenoid shape as is practical in that excavation is normally carried out by forming planar cuts in the soil and these link to equate approximately to a catenoid and form a shallow dish shaped cavity.
  • the construction of the cell dictates that the organic waste material degrades chiefly anaerobically, that is in th absence of air. This in turn means that the waste is subject first to an acetogenic first stage of breakdown resulting in the production of volatile fatty acids and high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen.
  • the liquids produced in this have high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) .
  • the methane fraction of the biogas is not an unwanted consequence, as it can be collected and used for the generation of heat or electrical energy, or simply flared.
  • the reintroduction of the thermal energy from the said flaring or generation (making use of the otherwise waste heat produced) or electrical energy generated can provide the required additional energy in accordance with the invention, as can the aerobic degradation of waste.
  • the additional heat energy is provided by a burner/boiler unit burning coppice fuel.
  • Other energy sources and other heaters can also be utilised to provide the extra thermal energy to warm the bioreactor cell(s) which embody the core of the invention.
  • the full integration of such alternative providers of the thermal energy into the management of waste, in, for example, the sorting of waste types, or the calorisation of waste sub-fractions before, during or after, digestion can form part of the present invention; as can the potential use of waste, waste derived fuels or combined heat and power systems to the same ends.
  • the temperature would lie in the mesophilic range, between 32 - 370C, though it would be possible to run the system at a lower temperature (and, thus, slower degradation) or at a more elevated, thermophilic range, around 55oc (at a faster rate of decomposition).
  • the heat energy requirement can be said to be that which is necessary to raise the temperature initially to, and subsequently maintain it at, one appropriate for the requirements of the bacteria responsible for anaerobic digestion and methanogenesis; or to raise the temperature initially to, and subsequently maintain it at, one within the required range for the growth of mesophilic bacteria responsible for anaerobic digestion and methanogenesis.
  • the required heat addition is to be defined in terms of the overall thermal environment of the waste cell, measuring and verifying this becomes a relatively simple task. In essence, it involves taking the temperature, whether by direct means, a thermometer, for example, or indirectly, by electronic sensors, or similar, within the cell contents. If the direct route is used, it may be necessary to abstract some of the liquid from the cell to allow this to be done. The preferred option is to have sensors in situ.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the relationship of the heat energy generator to the digestion cells.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the waste cell at ground level according to the invention.
  • the invention uses a container defined by a structure, pit or excavation, and this is lined with a fluid impermeable liner.
  • the shape of this container is important since the liner should retain its integrity and be capable of re-use. It is therefore a preferred feature of the invention that the container and defining liner are of truncated substantially catenoid shape. This minimises stresses at the boundary layer so that cracks are unlikely to appear from the mass and movement of the biodegradable material within the container.
  • a relatively large area of land is excavated to produce a pit or trench, either totally by digging out, or by cut and fill techniques.
  • a pre-existing natural or artificial hole of suitable dimensions may be used provided the approximate catenoid shape can be achieved.
  • This excavation is lined with a fluid impermeable liner 1, laid on an adequately prepared surface.
  • This lined hole provides a void space 2, into which refuse containing biodegradable waste, with the possible addition of sewage, manure or food industry waste liquor is deposited.
  • the waste is mixed with a liquid such as water to form a suspension having a relatively high solids ratio, that is at least 40% by volume measured on a dry solids basis.
  • This void space is substantially that of a truncated catenoid, i.e. it is formed from flat cuts equating to a catenoid and is in a shallow dish like configuration.
  • the liner 1 is equipped with a leachate sump 6, which is served by a leachate pipe 7.
  • the impermeable liner 3 When the deposition of waste into void space 2 is completed the impermeable liner 3 is laid across the surface of the refuse, forming an effective gas-tight seal on the vessel which excludes air and, can be regarded as a sealed bioreactor cell.
  • the impermeable liner normally needs to have a degree of flexibility to accommodate fluctuations in volume of the cell during the decomposition process. Alternatively some form of buffer tank in the take off circuit with appropriate values could be used to accommodate these fluctuations.
  • the waste within the cell which had been prepared as a suspension of optimised humidity/water content for high solid digestion, is heated via the integral thermal inlet 8, by the addition of external energy from an external heat energy generator 9, to a temperature elevated above ambient, and at which microbial decomposition is facilitated and/or enhanced.
  • This acts to reduce the time of degradation, and to provide a quicker, more manageable biogas supply than in a traditional landfill.
  • a gas collection system 4 to gather the biogas produced by the biological decomposition of the waste contained within the cell. These gases are removed for use for heat or power generation, or disposal, via an above ground exit pipe 5. Heat energy derived from the gas (either directly or indirectly) may also or alternatively be used to warm the decomposing waste by being fed back into the system to accelerate or enhance the processes of decomposition. Liquid is circulated within the digester cell to enhance microbial action, and to maintain relative wetness of the waste. This is pumped from the leachate sump 6 to the top of the cell via pipe 7, so that on returning into the cell at the top it maintains relative wetness and provides a degree of agitation.
  • the system When the decomposition of the waste is complete in the void space 2, the system is opened and the residual digestate remaining is removed either for use or disposal. Anaerobic digestion produces a relatively large reduction in the volume of material, so disposal in a landfill after this process is less wasteful of land, and safer since the methane and leachate production potential has been significantly reduced. Alternatively, the material could be further treated for other end uses.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de traitement de matériaux résiduaires organiques, biodégradables. Une suspension du matériau résiduaire se présentant sous forme liquide et ayant une teneur en matières solides d'au moins 40 % en volume évaluée sur une base de matières solides sèches est placée dans une enceinte dotée d'un revêtement (1) qui est ensuite fermée hermétiquement par un couvercle flexible (3) imperméable au fluide, en l'absence d'air afin de former une cellule de bioréacteur, puis une source de chaleur est appliquée pour faciliter une réaction de décomposition. Le traitement est un traitement par lots et l'enceinte peut être vidée après utilisation, et remplie à nouveau pour une utilisation ultérieure.
EP94929602A 1993-10-14 1994-10-14 Amelioration apportees au traitement de dechets Withdrawn EP0723582A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9321268 1993-10-14
GB939321268A GB9321268D0 (en) 1993-10-14 1993-10-14 An improvement in the management of wastes
GB9407527A GB9407527D0 (en) 1994-04-15 1994-04-15 An improvement in the management of wastes
GB9407527 1994-04-15
PCT/GB1994/002255 WO1995010596A1 (fr) 1993-10-14 1994-10-14 Amelioration apportees au traitement de dechets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0723582A1 true EP0723582A1 (fr) 1996-07-31

Family

ID=26303682

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94929602A Withdrawn EP0723582A1 (fr) 1993-10-14 1994-10-14 Amelioration apportees au traitement de dechets

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0723582A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7859894A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995010596A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2226022C (fr) 1997-12-31 2003-10-07 Gilles Beaulieu Methode et installation de compostage sans odeur
GB9808274D0 (en) * 1998-04-18 1998-06-17 Amec Civil Eng Ltd Waste management system
CN102115256B (zh) * 2010-12-14 2012-05-09 华中科技大学 填埋场渗滤液厌氧处理方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933628A (en) * 1974-07-10 1976-01-20 Bio-Gas Of Colorado, Inc. Method and apparatus for the anaerobic digestion of decomposable organic materials
US4323367A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-04-06 Institute Of Gas Technology Gas production by accelerated in situ bioleaching of landfills
US4394136A (en) * 1982-01-04 1983-07-19 United International California Corporation System for recovering methane gas from liquid waste
SE500845C2 (sv) * 1989-05-30 1994-09-19 Vbb Konsult Ab Förfarande för utvinning av brännbar gas, jord och en bränslefraktion ur avfall

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9510596A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7859894A (en) 1995-05-04
WO1995010596A1 (fr) 1995-04-20

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