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EP0717841A1 - Procede d'analyse electrochimique - Google Patents

Procede d'analyse electrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP0717841A1
EP0717841A1 EP95924159A EP95924159A EP0717841A1 EP 0717841 A1 EP0717841 A1 EP 0717841A1 EP 95924159 A EP95924159 A EP 95924159A EP 95924159 A EP95924159 A EP 95924159A EP 0717841 A1 EP0717841 A1 EP 0717841A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
substances
electrode
individual
deposited
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95924159A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Hintsche
Manfred Paeschke
Albrecht Uhlig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0717841A1 publication Critical patent/EP0717841A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/42—Measuring deposition or liberation of materials from an electrolyte; Coulometry, i.e. measuring coulomb-equivalent of material in an electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/27—Association of two or more measuring systems or cells, each measuring a different parameter, where the measurement results may be either used independently, the systems or cells being physically associated, or combined to produce a value for a further parameter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the electrochemical analysis of solutions, such as. B. in chemical analysis or for control purposes in industrial and environmental areas.
  • the detection of individual substances takes place via their accumulation on electrodes by deposition and subsequent detection of the deposited substances.
  • the deposition can be carried out, for example, by reducing electrodes made of mercury, other metals or carbon, the detection by subsequent oxidation of the deposited substance.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for electrochemical analysis with which the measuring time is significantly shortened and the risk of incorrect measurements due to interactions between the substances to be detected on the electrodes is significantly reduced.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention is specified in claim 1. Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the method according to the invention relates to the use of a multiple arrangement of electrodes which are present as bulk material or in the thin film.
  • the detection of individual substances is based on their accumulation on the electrodes by deposition, e.g. B. by reduction of metals or carbons, and their subsequent detection, for. B. by oxidation. With the method, all chemical substances that can be reversibly deposited at one electrochemical potential and brought back into solution at another can be detected.
  • a plurality of electrodes e.g. B. in array-shaped arrangement in contact with the solution to be analyzed.
  • the substances to be detected are deposited simultaneously on the individual electrodes, each electrode being coated with a different substance or a different mixture of substances.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by having the different electrodes simultaneously with different ones Potentials are applied (claim 2).
  • the potentials on the individual electrodes are chosen such that the substance to be detected with this electrode is deposited on each electrode.
  • the detection of the separated substances takes place e.g. B. by simultaneous scanning of the different electrodes in different potential windows or potential ranges (claim 3). These potential windows are also selected so that they can be used to detect the substance just deposited on the respective electrode.
  • the selective coating of individual electrodes with a mercury film and a non-precious metal electrode enables mercury to be detected alongside other heavy metals.
  • a non-precious metal electrode e.g. a gold electrode
  • metals or other molecules are selectively deposited on the individual electrodes. This advantageously prevents the analysis method from being disturbed by intermetallic interactions of simultaneously deposited species on the electrodes.
  • the detection of a substance on each electrode is made possible by scanning different potential areas on these electrodes. This method of scanning the potential range takes place approximately at the same time, so that the analysis time is significantly shortened. The method thus advantageously allows rapid parallel (simultaneous) detection of several substances.
  • a different potential is applied to the individual electrodes at the same time.
  • the deposition of certain substances (e.g. metals) on one electrode can be prevented, but it can be promoted on another electrode.
  • each electrode is scanned approximately simultaneously in a certain potential range for the detection of the deposited substances. This can e.g. B. done by means of a potential ramp, the Potential impulses or alternating voltages are superimposed.
  • the choice of the potential ranges of the potential ramps, which are scanned simultaneously on the individual electrodes, ensures that one metal or another substance is reoxidized on each electrode. As a result, a substance (e.g. a metal) is detected simultaneously on each electrode.
  • electrodes are used which are volumetric (z. B. spherical or cylindrical) or planar.
  • the individual electrodes can each be formed from individual, bundled (e.g. carbon fibers) or planar, network-like microelectrodes. This structuring of the individual electrodes makes the electrode reactions independent of mass transport.
  • a homogeneous mercury film can be deposited on the microelectrodes.
  • the electrodes which are used in the method according to the invention can, for example, consist of metal, metal oxide or carbon.
  • electrodes made of different materials are used in the methods. Selectivity with regard to the material deposited on this electrode can thus already be achieved by the choice of the electrode material.
  • a mercury film can be variably generated on one or more electrodes. This makes it possible to enrich the substances or ions to be detected either by amalgamation or film formation.
  • the individual electrodes can according to claim 9 in a flow device, for. B. array-shaped in a flow channel.
  • the flow device enables the electrode array to be loaded with different analytes and solutions.
  • the electrodes are brought into contact with an electrolyte containing mercury (claim 10).
  • two separate circuits can be used, a first with the mercury-containing electrolyte and a second with the solution to be analyzed.
  • the electrolyte to be measured can be guided past the electrode array without it coming into contact with the electrolyte used to produce the mercury film.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention are that several electrodes z. B. in the form of an electrode array for the simultaneous detection of several substances (z. B. heavy metals). This results in a qualitative improvement and shortening of the measurement time compared to conventional stripping analysis methods. Furthermore, the interference with the measurement due to the interaction of the enriched substances with one another is prevented. This is achieved by the selective deposition of the different substances on different electrodes.
  • the structuring of the individual electrodes as microelectrodes advantageously allows convection-independent work and particularly homogeneous deposition of mercury films.
  • the method also allows the use of mercury-coated and mercury-free metal electrodes, so that the parallel detection of mercury along with other heavy metals is possible.
  • the figure shows an example of an embodiment of an electrode array for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the electrode array is designed as a planar multi-electrode array using silicon technology.
  • Four electrodes (3) are arranged next to a reference electrode (6) in an array shape on a silicon chip (1) with an oxidation layer (5).
  • the individual electrodes (3, 6) are conductively connected to the associated contact surfaces (2).
  • the individual electrodes (3) are in turn microstructured. They consist of a large number of individual planar, microelectrode electrodes (4).
  • the exemplary embodiment shows the use of the method according to the invention for the simultaneous determination of the metals bismuth, copper, lead and cadmium in a solution.
  • the arrangement shown in the figure is used.
  • the four individual electrodes (3) each consist of 32 platinum electrodes (4) with an area of 25 ⁇ m 2 .
  • Each electrode (3) is used to detect one of the four metals to be detected.
  • the silver chloride electrode (6) is used to determine the reference potential.
  • the silicon chip (1) is capped, ie protected against the influence of liquids on the chip leads.
  • the arrangement is then immersed in a solution containing the metals to be determined and connected to a multipotentiostate, which is controlled by a microprocessor.
  • the multipotentiostat imparts an individual potential to the electrodes and can record the resulting current.
  • a deposition potential of -0.2 V for bismuth for the first electrode a deposition potential of -0.4 V for copper for the second electrode, -0.6 V for lead for the third electrode and for the fourth Electrode -0.8 V specified for cadmium.
  • each electrode is sampled from the deposition potential, 0.2 V, to the positive potential, using the so-called differential pulse polarography method.
  • This oxidation current is proportional to the metal concentration in the solution.
  • the concentration of the metals in the unknown solution is determined by repeating the measurement process with a solution of the four metals of known concentrations and thus calibrating the measurement.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'analyse électrochimique de solutions s'utilisant par ex. dans le cadre d'analyses chimiques ou de contrôles effectués dans le secteur industriel ou dans celui de l'environnement. Le dépôt chimique de substances individuelles sur des électrodes et leur détection subséquente permettent de mettre la présence desdites substances en évidence. Si dans les procédés connus de ce type, toutes les substances à détecter sont appliquées par dépôt chimique sur une électrode, puis détectées les unes à la suite des autres, le présent procédé fait appel à l'utilisation de plusieurs électrodes. Les substances à détecter dans la solution sont appliquées par dépôt chimique simultanément sur les électrodes, de manière à ce que chaque électrode soit recouverte d'une autre substance ou d'un autre mélange de substances. Les substances déposées sont ensuite détectées simultanément sur les électrodes individuelles. Ce procédé permet de réduire sensiblement le temps de mesure et de limiter considérablement le risque de mesures erronées dues aux interactions intervenant entre les substances à détecter sur les électrodes.
EP95924159A 1994-07-11 1995-06-28 Procede d'analyse electrochimique Withdrawn EP0717841A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4424355 1994-07-11
DE4424355A DE4424355C2 (de) 1994-07-11 1994-07-11 Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Analyse
PCT/DE1995/000847 WO1996001993A1 (fr) 1994-07-11 1995-06-28 Procede d'analyse electrochimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0717841A1 true EP0717841A1 (fr) 1996-06-26

Family

ID=6522813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95924159A Withdrawn EP0717841A1 (fr) 1994-07-11 1995-06-28 Procede d'analyse electrochimique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5830343A (fr)
EP (1) EP0717841A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4424355C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996001993A1 (fr)

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FI113089B (fi) 1999-10-06 2004-02-27 Liqum Oy Menetelmä paperinvalmistusprosessin analysoimiseksi ja sähkökemiallinen anturi nesteen analysoimiseksi
US6682647B1 (en) 2000-05-10 2004-01-27 New Mexico State University Technology Transfer Corporation Bismuth-based electrochemical stripping analysis
AU2001276908A1 (en) 2000-07-19 2002-01-30 Nuvant Systems, Llc High throughput screening device for combinatorial chemistry
US20040224204A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2004-11-11 Nuvant Systems, Inc. High throughput screening device for combinatorial chemistry
NZ524476A (en) 2000-07-31 2005-11-25 Nuvant Systems Inc Hydrogen permeable membrane for use in fuel cells, and partial reformate fuel cell system having reforming catalysts in the anode fuel cell compartment
KR100470457B1 (ko) * 2001-07-02 2005-02-05 대한민국 혈압 저하 효과가 있는 난백 단백질 분해물 및 그 제조방법
DE10229374C1 (de) * 2002-06-29 2003-11-20 November Ag Molekulare Medizin Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Nachweis
WO2004003556A1 (fr) 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin Dispositif et procede de detection electrochimique
US20050181097A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2005-08-18 Mars, Inc. Nutritionally complete pet food and method of feeding and manufacturing same
ES2232298B1 (es) * 2003-10-10 2006-08-16 Consejo Sup. De Invest. Cientificas. Microchip multisensor de medida de flujo, temperatura y concentracion de gases para el control de la combustion, procedimiento de fabricacion y sus aplicaciones.
KR101092350B1 (ko) * 2003-10-31 2011-12-09 라이프스캔 스코트랜드 리미티드 2개의 다른 인가전위들을 이용한 전기화학 센서에서의 간섭감소 방법을 사용하는 계량기
US7655119B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2010-02-02 Lifescan Scotland Limited Meter for use in an improved method of reducing interferences in an electrochemical sensor using two different applied potentials
CN1902479A (zh) * 2003-10-31 2007-01-24 生命扫描苏格兰有限公司 用于降低直接和间接干扰电流影响的改进的电化学测试条
WO2005073708A2 (fr) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede pour mesurer la concentration ou la modification de concentration d'une substance d'oxydoreduction et dispositif correspondant
US8623185B2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2014-01-07 Southwest Research Institute Planar multi-electrode array sensor for localized electrochemical corrosion detection
JP2011516856A (ja) * 2008-04-04 2011-05-26 アリゾナ・ボード・オブ・リージェンツ・フォー・アンド・オン・ビハーフ・オブ・アリゾナ・ステイト・ユニバーシティー 液体中の多数の重金属イオンの同時電気化学的検出
DE102009026453A1 (de) * 2009-05-25 2010-12-09 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Aussage über das Vorkommen von Inhaltsstoffen einer flüssigen Probe mit Sauerstoffbedarf

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4424355A1 (de) 1996-01-18
US5830343A (en) 1998-11-03
WO1996001993A1 (fr) 1996-01-25
DE4424355C2 (de) 1996-07-18

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