EP0708900B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0708900B1 EP0708900B1 EP95918659A EP95918659A EP0708900B1 EP 0708900 B1 EP0708900 B1 EP 0708900B1 EP 95918659 A EP95918659 A EP 95918659A EP 95918659 A EP95918659 A EP 95918659A EP 0708900 B1 EP0708900 B1 EP 0708900B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- liquid
- porous
- supplied
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/287—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in sprays or in films
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
- F24F6/02—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air
- F24F6/04—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air using stationary unheated wet elements
- F24F6/043—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air using stationary unheated wet elements with self-sucking action, e.g. wicks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for vaporizing a liquid.
- DE-C-158 050 is an illustration of this type of steam boiler.
- Figure 4 of this patent shows the advantage that there may be in using several food trays arranged at different levels elevation, the highest placing the substrate at the horizontal.
- Tests conducted with such a device show, however, that performance remains poor, and that the amount of liquid in the spray area is quickly too low, that the arrival time of the liquid at this spray zone is often too long.
- the device of DE-C-158 050 is furthermore bulky, not conducive to industrial achievements of today (high efficiency, compactness, cost of low production for large series, reliability in the weather).
- Such a device does not provide a continuous vapor release, as long as the direction of the heat flow provided is opposed to the direction of steam output.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solution to number of the aforementioned drawbacks and offers in in particular a process which can be industrially implemented works under commercially attractive conditions, without exorbitant manufacturing and / or maintenance costs and also offers the advantage of offering flexibility of use, performance and reliability adapted to current needs.
- the device of the invention provides that the liquid supply means of the substrate considered must include means of implementation liquid pressure to establish a higher pressure at ambient pressure.
- the knowledge, for a given time interval, of the quantity Q 2 or of the weight of liquid which has entered the substrate (and which therefore has left the container) will make it possible to have the "induced flow" of liquid entering the substrate.
- the present invention uses the weight of a column of liquid, or we can still force the liquid into the substrate, for example by a pump.
- the substrate of the present spray device is advisable to make the substrate of the present spray device with thickness between about 0.05 mm and 5 mm, and preferably less than 2 mm.
- this substrate has a porosity of between about 5% and 90%, and will use a substrate comprising empty volumes of retention of the liquid, so that this liquid can occupy between approximately 5% and 100% of said empty volumes.
- the use of a substrate almost like a thin porous film has the advantage that the heat flow generated does not find facing it, in or on the surface of the substrate, only a small thickness of liquid to be vaporized, resulting in particularly rapid vapor phase be a few seconds, with a yield that can be particularly high.
- a characteristic of the invention also provides for increasing the range of flow rate of liquid to be vaporized, supersaturating the substrate with in such a way that part of the liquid flows over a free outer surface thereof, being maintained against this substrate by interfacial tension.
- a simple way to adjust the flow of liquid flow in the substrate consists of tilt it relative to the horizontal.
- drip means taking advantage by example for this of capillary pumping of the immersion of a additional porous body in a suitable tank.
- a pump may also consider using a pump to circulate under pressure the liquid in a local pipe bent between two of the branches of which the substrate porous will have been previously arranged, so that its ends are immersed in the liquid of the tube.
- the vaporization of the liquid contained in the substrate can be obtained by particular by all or part of the three transfer modes following thermal: radiation, conduction or convection from both flue gas and a source electric, for example, this under conditions of operating which can be both at lower pressure at pressure greater than or equal to the pressure atmospheric, vaporization of many liquids different, such as water, alcohol, liquid petroleum or others may be considered.
- porous substrate of the invention could be produced from cotton fibers or threads, or even mineral fibers, such as for example glass or quartz fibers, or still metallic, such as wires of steel.
- substrate formed like a canvas permeable flexible fibrous fabric, or a plate to more rigid structure.
- the device of the invention may advantageously include two hollow boxes delimiting between them a chimney in which will then circulate the combustion products of the burner, these boxes each containing at least one substrate.
- FIG. 2 represents an example of the design of a porous "film” 1 with capillary property, made of cotton, of the "honeycomb” type with square mesh 2 of approximately 30 to 50 mm 2 .
- the latter therefore has a structure integrating empty volumes for retaining the liquid to be vaporized, these volumes being here constituted by the spaces between the wires of the mesh and by the structural empty volumes of the wires themselves.
- the central part of the substrate 1 illustrated is a weaving of threads of different thicknesses according to the choice of the desired flow capacity. Peripherally, this substrate here consists of wicks three times thicker than those of the central part. Thus, a peripheral buffer for the reserve and diffusion of water is created towards the central parts of the mesh.
- the choice of substrate permeable is important.
- its thickness will always be between about 0.05 mm and 5 mm, with porosity to the liquid at spray between about 5 and 90%.
- Figure 3 is an example of an experimental device feed by pumping a fine porous substrate into the height of a body of water.
- This device makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of liquid flowing through the effect of gravity right out of the feed tray. It consists of a balance 3, of a container 5 to collect water flowing from the porous "film” 7 and from a water tank 9 into which is submerged the upper part 7a of the porous substrate. To obtain a constant and free flow throughout the width of the porous film passage section, we have indented in 11 the film at its lower part. The measure of flow consists in varying the height h of the body of water tray 9.
- the table below indicates the characteristics of use of three thicknesses of porous substrates which may be square mesh of the type illustrated in FIG. 2.
- Density of the substrate heating flux (W / cm2) small mesh 0.2mm 0.104 from 1 to 2.5 medium mesh 0.5mm 0.142 2.5 to 4.5 thick mesh 1 mm 0.196 4.5 to 10
- FIG. 4 is a diagram which indicates the flow of water flowing in a vertical porous film with small meshes (that is to say of thickness ⁇ 1 mm, for a unitary surface of mesh of the order of 0, 05 mm 2 ) depending on the height of the water body.
- Curve (A) measures the flow of water which flows freely to the lower part of the substrate.
- Curve (B) measures the water flow when the same porous film is immersed at its bottom in 2 cm of water.
- Curve (C) measures the flow rate when the film is pressed against a metal wall without being immersed in its lower part.
- the steam boiler presented vaporizes water contained in porous films pressed against heat exchange walls 21.
- heat transfer can be done, as well from a gas ramp type burner, such as 19, with atmospheric air supply, or with supply air, only from one or more radiant burners.
- a gas ramp type burner such as 19, with atmospheric air supply, or with supply air, only from one or more radiant burners.
- heat transfer takes place mostly by convection, while in the second it is mainly carried out by radiation.
- substrates will be used 7a, 7b ... arranged in two distinct rooms 23 defined each by two hollow metal boxes 29 of shape substantially parallelepipedic standing in two planes substantially parallel verticals, being separated from one of the other so as to reserve a space between them intermediate 31 usable as a chimney for the evacuation of fumes that can be produced by the burner, which will preferably be arranged in part bottom of space 31, in a place where space has a truncated pyramid shape going converging in the direction of the smoke evacuation.
- the chimney is closed laterally by walls (not represented).
- each partition 21 has been internally fitted with three porous films 7a, 7b, 7c extending in perspective over approximately half the height of the exchange wall, over 3/4 of the remaining height, and on the 1/4 of the highest part.
- a mesh 33 with large open meshes at a rate of 90% with a mesh surface of 4 cm 2 to, on the one hand, ensure good thermal contact with the substrates and, on the other hand, leave a passage for the steam produced.
- Each enclosure 29 is also equipped with an upper tank 34 in which is immersed an "upstream" portion of the three porous films which are here of the same thickness. It will be noted that the porous film 7a, in order to reach the top part up to the tank 34, is kept apart from that marked 7b (space d).
- the entire column of water C1 stored on the thermally protected upper part of the film 7a will serve to supply, under suitable pressure (higher than the ambient pressure prevailing in the enclosure considered), its lower part pressed against the partition 21, therefore fully active in terms of heat exchange and vaporization capacity. It is also the same for the film 7b, but with a column C2 of lesser height practically the entire column being here exposed to the heating flow.
- the water collected in an appropriate lower reservoir is shown, when the flow rate in the films is greater than that vaporizable by the heat flow. When this excess water reaches a predetermined level, it can be reinjected by a pump into the tanks 34.
- Figure 7 is a diagram which shows the influence of the number of substrates and the height of water on the vaporization yield depending on the injected power, with either a single porous film of the type aforementioned "small mesh" replacing the two substrates 7a, 7b, or these substrates themselves.
- the measure consists in varying the height of the water tray 34, it being specified that the tray has in this case been placed approximately 4/5 of the height of the exchange walls.
- the diagram of Figure 8 shows the influence of the thickness of the substrate (s) on the temperature of the gases leaving the boiler, depending on the variation of its power.
- a porous film with "small meshes” gives a temperature difference of 120 ° C to 400 ° C while this difference is only from 300 ° C to 370 ° C for a film porous with thick mesh.
- Figure 9 is a view with cutaway and perspective of an alternative embodiment of a generator of steam use an electrical resistance. It is consists of a cartridge resistor 37 on the surface outside of which a substrate is applied and clamped fibrous appearing as a flexible sleeve 39 sewn in 41 and 43 to form two half-surfaces 45a, 45b which extend towards the lower part of the enclosure 47 while being partially submerged in water at the top in a upper tray 49 whose level could be varied (by a feed pump) and at the bottom in a lower collection tray 51.
- the enclosure 47 is by elsewhere equipped at its upper part with an outlet for steam 53.
- the porous film is locally immersed in the spraying water which circulates in closed circuit in a pipeline.
- This kind of device can operate in different positions by the use of a pump and / or a regulating valve intended to ensure a pressurized supply of the water substrate.
- the spraying means include a rectangular resistor 59 with a power of 270 Watts.
- On the resistance is applied and tightened a canvas forming a woven film 61 sewn at 63 and 65 to form a sleeve extending downward, housed and integral with the interior of the lower part 67 of the pipe 69.
- This sleeve also extends inside the upper part 71 of the same pipe 69.
- the resistance is housed in a 73 spray enclosure.
- the vaporization enclosure includes a steam outlet tube 75 and a tube 77 for removing excess water when the water flow too much traffic and flaccid 79 integral with the resistance to be fixed in 81 to the enclosure.
- a steam outlet tube 75 and a tube 77 for removing excess water when the water flow too much traffic and flaccid 79 integral with the resistance to be fixed in 81 to the enclosure.
- the circulation of water is provided by a pump 84 whose flow can be adjusted.
- the outlet 85 of the pipe is provided with a tap 86. On can thus ensure a slight overpressure in the line for the liquid to flow out preferably in the porous film.
- the vaporization yield in the porous substrate is 20% higher when decreasing the incoming water flow from 57 g / min to 15 g / min.
- Figure 12 is an example of a drip to feed a vaporizer comparable to that of figure 8.
- a double woven substrate llla, lllb surrounds, in pendant, an electrical resistance tubular 113, in the lower part of an evaporation enclosure 115.
- the upper part of the substrate is flared in a "V" shape and rests on two supports. Its liquid supply to evaporating is therefore ensured by a drip, by through two fine woven substrates rectangular 117, 119, hanging vertically and ending at their free lower end with fringes 120 promoting drip and good distribution some cash.
- the substrates 117, 119 bathe in a liquid supply tank 121, of variable liquid height, filled by a supply not shown.
- a chimney 123 allows the steam to escape.
- Figure 13 shows a device for vaporization of liquid using at least one plate in 1 mm thick sintered stainless steel.
- the liquid is vaporized by the thermal radiation from an electrical resistance.
- the process of the invention and its examples of realization find their applications in particular in products from the craft sector, the general public, DIY as well as in the processing industries and food.
- steam generators ranging from a few kg of steam / hour more than a ton / hour.
- These generators can be used, for example, in catering ovens, the bakery, in consumer stoves, in the cookie industry and pre-baking, in the textile industry for the treatment of fibers, or again, for example, for steam pressing plants, even in biology laboratories for the sterilization. It is also possible, for example, to steam generators for individual irons or with a steam generator, or even for cleaning of floors and walls.
- heating flux densities usable in the context of the invention can range from a few mW / cm 2 to several tens of W / cm 2 .
- the device of the invention to operate both under pressure atmospheric that in overpressure or in depression, only the pressurization of the liquid to be provided to ensure the flow conditions sought in the substrate.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
- au moins un substrat poreux (c'est-à-dire à propriété capillaire) exposé à une pression ambiante déterminée,
- des moyens d'alimentation en liquide du substrat pour qu'il se charge en liquide, par circulation dudit liquide dans le substrat à partir d'une portion amont,
- au moins une source d'énergie pour chauffer au moins une zone de vaporisation dudit substrat située en aval de la portion amont et le liquide qui la charge, de sorte qu'une partie au moins de ce liquide y soit vaporisée,
- devant permettre la vaporisation (au moins partielle) du liquide qui aura entre temps "migré" depuis le récipient 5A dans le substrat, suivant la flèche 6,
- et devant également être reproductible à l'identique sur le dispositif de l'invention y compris la paroi d'échange thermique 21A, si on doit en utiliser une pour réaliser l'invention (si on employe une résistance électrique, on doit utiliser, pour la comparaison, la même résistance alimentée avec la même intensité ; pour le gaz, on doit employer le même brûleur et l'alimenter dans les mêmes conditions).
- Influence de la hauteur du film poreux sur le
débit de liquide :
Hauteur du substrat poreux par mm 30 60 90 130 180 Débit d'eau en millilitre par minute 2,3 6,6 11 16 31 - Influence de l'inclinaison du film poreux sur
le débit de liquide :
Angle d'inclinaison par rapport à la verticale 0° 15° 65° 75° 90° Débit d'eau en millilitre par minute 5,5 1,7 1,2 0,5 0,3
| Type de substrat poreux en coton | épaisseur du substrat | Capacité d'enmagasinage d'eau à saturation (g/cm2) | Densité du flux de chauffage du substrat (W/cm2) |
| à petites mailles | 0,2 mm | 0,104 | de 1 à 2,5 |
| à mailles moyennes | 0,5 mm | 0,142 | de 2,5 à 4,5 |
| à mailles épaisses | 1 mm | 0,196 | de 4,5 à 10 |
| 1) Film poreux épaisseur 0,2 mm | ||||||
| Densité de flux en W/cm2 | 2,50 | 3,30 | 5,00 | 6,10 | 6,90 | 8 |
| Rendement de vaporisation g/Wh | 1,02 | 1,05 | 1,24 | 1,14 | ||
| 2) Film poreux épaisseur 1 mm | ||||||
| Densité de flux en W/cm2 | 2,50 | 3,30 | 5,00 | 6,10 | 6,90 | 8 |
| Rendement de vaporisation | 0,89 | 1,04 | 1,16 | 1,20 | 1,24 | 1,28 |
| 3) Film à mèches parallèles épaisseur 2 mm | ||||||
| Densité de flux en W/cm2 | 2,50 | 3,30 | 5,00 | 6,10 | 6,90 | 8 |
| Rendement de vaporisation | 0,85 | 1,02 | 1,14 | 1,17 | 1,18 | 1,17 |
| 4) Film à mèches parallèles épaisseur 4 mm | ||||||
| Densité de flux en W/cm2 | 2,50 | 3,30 | 5,00 | 6,10 | 6,90 | 8 |
| Rendement de vaporisation | 0,85 | 1,02 | 1,10 | 1,11 | 1,10 | 1,08 |
| Débit d'eau de circulation g/mn | 7 | 15 | 22 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 57 |
| Rendement de vaporisation g/Wh | 1,31 | 1,32 | 1,30 | 1,26 | 1,16 | 1,12 | 1,10 |
Claims (16)
- Procédé pour vaporiser un liquide, dans lequel on alimente un substrat poreux avec ledit liquide à vaporiser, et on expose au moins une zone dudit substrat à un flux thermique, pour élever la température d'une partie au moins de la surface du liquide jusqu'à sa température de vaporisation, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un substrat poreux constitué d'au moins un film que l'on dispose sensiblement verticalement, de façon que l'une de ses faces soit exposée au flux thermique fourni, et que l'alimentation en liquide à vaporiser du substrat poreux soit effectuée à partir de sa surface supérieure, de façon que le liquide se déplace du haut vers le bas en se vaporisant au moins à partir de l'autre face du substrat.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du substrat est comprise entre 0,05 mm et 5 mm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on crée un surcroít supplémentaire de pression dans ladite colonne de liquide par une pompe.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on alimente le substrat en liquide avec un débit légèrement supérieur à la capacité d'écoulement du liquide à l'intérieur du substrat, de manière qu'une faible partie de ce liquide s'écoule sur une surface libre dudit substrat, en étant maintenue contre celui-ci par tension interfaciale.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on alimente en liquide une première extrémité du substrat de façon qu'il coule sur celui-ci tout en s'y évaporant et on fait baigner la seconde extrémité du substrat dans un bain de même liquide, et on utilise le liquide contenu dans le bain pour approvisionner ladite première extrémité du substrat.
- Dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide comprenant au moins un substrat poreux, des moyens d'alimentation en liquide de ce substrat, et au moins une source d'énergie thermique, pour chauffer au moins une zone du substrat, qui est disposée en aval des moyens d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce que :les moyens d'alimentation en liquide sont disposés à un niveau situé au-dessus de celui du substrat,le substrat poreux est constitué d'au moins un film essentiellement vertical, comportant une face exposée au flux thermique fourni par ladite source d'énergie thermique et une partie supérieure alimentée en liquide à vaporiser sous la pression des moyens d'alimentation, de façon que le liquide se déplace du haut vers le bas en se vaporisant au moins à partir de son autre face.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du substrat est comprise entre 0,05 mm et 5 mm.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend plusieurs substrats qui se chevauchent en partie en étant écartés les uns des autres sur une partie au moins de leur surface.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que la source d'énergie thermique s'étend sur une certaine hauteur, sous la forme d'une paroi d'échange, et en ce que trois films poreux (7a,7b,7c) s'étendent respectivement sur environ la moitié de la hauteur de la source d'énergie thermique, les trois quarts de la partie restante, et le quart de la partie la plus haute.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9 caractérisé en ce que le substrat est une toile perméable en tissu souple fibreux.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10 caractérisé en ce que le substrat est une plaque à structure rigide, telle que métallique, et notamment frittée.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9 caractérisé en ce que le substrat comprend des fils de tissu de diamètres différents.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 12 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'alimentation en liquide du substrat comprennent en outre des moyens de goutte à goutte.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux substrats ayant une largeur déterminée suivant au moins l'essentiel de laquelle ils sont alimentés en liquide, les deux substrats s'étendant de part et d'autre de la source d'énergie, laquelle s'étend sur au moins l'essentiel de la largeur des substrats.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 14 caractérisé :en ce que ladite source d'énergie comprend au moins un brûleur à gaz,et en ce qu'il comprend en outre deux caissons creux délimitant entre eux une cheminée dans laquelle circulent les produits de combustion dudit brûleur, lesdits caissons renfermant chacun au moins un substrat.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 15 caractérisé en ce que le substrat baigne à deux de ses extrémités opposées dans un tube où ledit liquide est amené par des moyens de circulation forcée, entre lesquelles le liquide s'écoule.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9406076A FR2720143B1 (fr) | 1994-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Générateur de vapeur et dispositif chauffant associé. |
| FR9406076 | 1994-05-18 | ||
| PCT/FR1995/000656 WO1995031674A1 (fr) | 1994-05-18 | 1995-05-18 | Procede de vaporisation et dispositif chauffant associe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0708900A1 EP0708900A1 (fr) | 1996-05-01 |
| EP0708900B1 true EP0708900B1 (fr) | 1998-12-16 |
Family
ID=9463316
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95918659A Expired - Lifetime EP0708900B1 (fr) | 1994-05-18 | 1995-05-18 | Procédé et dispositif pour vaporiser un liquide |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5771845A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0708900B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH09500957A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE174680T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2167598A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69506669T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2128058T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2720143B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1995031674A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2264372A3 (fr) * | 2009-05-29 | 2013-02-20 | LG ELectronics INC. | Dispositif de ventilation et son procédé de contrôle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6001174A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-12-14 | Richard J. Birch | Method for growing a diamond crystal on a rheotaxy template |
| US7219628B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2007-05-22 | Texaco Inc. | Vaporizer and methods relating to same |
| CA2641802C (fr) * | 2006-02-22 | 2013-11-12 | Texaco Development Corporation | Vaporiseur et procedes s'y rapportant |
| US20110147579A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | First Solar, Inc. | Particulate monitoring |
| AT509046B1 (de) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-06-15 | Helmut Dr Buchberger | Flächiger verdampfer |
| WO2013034460A1 (fr) | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-14 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Chauffage de matériau fumable |
| EP2753200B1 (fr) | 2011-09-06 | 2017-12-27 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Chauffage d'un matériau fumable |
| GB201207054D0 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2012-06-06 | British American Tobacco Co | Heating smokeable material |
| WO2013034459A1 (fr) | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-14 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Chauffage de matériau fumable |
| JP5879435B2 (ja) | 2011-09-06 | 2016-03-08 | ブリティッシュ アメリカン タバコ (インヴェストメンツ) リミテッドBritish Americantobacco (Investments) Limited | 喫煙材の加熱 |
| GB201207039D0 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-06-06 | British American Tobacco Co | Heating smokeable material |
| US9057531B2 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2015-06-16 | Chin-Cheng Huang | Thermal humidifier |
| WO2014170907A2 (fr) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Venkata Sundereswar Rao Vempati | Générateur de vapeur sans pression écoénergétique |
| UA120912C2 (uk) | 2013-10-29 | 2020-03-10 | Брітіш Амерікан Тобакко (Інвестментс) Лімітед | Пристрій для нагрівання курильного матеріалу |
| GB201411483D0 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2014-08-13 | Batmark Ltd | Vaporizer Assembly |
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| USD990765S1 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2023-06-27 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Aerosol generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE158050C (fr) * | ||||
| FR330901A (fr) * | 1903-04-04 | 1903-08-27 | Robert Lucien D Espujols | Générateur à vaporisation rapide |
| FR931775A (fr) * | 1946-08-02 | 1948-03-03 | Humidificateur fonctionnant aux carburants | |
| GB1395494A (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1975-05-29 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Vaporisers |
| DE2262673C3 (de) * | 1972-12-21 | 1981-04-02 | Schladitz, Hermann J., Prof., 8000 München | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen von Heizöl |
| US3977364A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1976-08-31 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Apparatus for evaporating liquids |
| US4419302A (en) * | 1979-09-29 | 1983-12-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited | Steam generator |
| DE3732321A1 (de) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-04-13 | Schirnecker Hans Ludwig | Luftbefeuchter |
| US5267611A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1993-12-07 | Thermacore, Inc. | Single phase porous layer heat exchanger |
-
1994
- 1994-05-18 FR FR9406076A patent/FR2720143B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-18 AT AT95918659T patent/ATE174680T1/de active
- 1995-05-18 US US08/583,121 patent/US5771845A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-18 CA CA002167598A patent/CA2167598A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-18 JP JP7529428A patent/JPH09500957A/ja active Pending
- 1995-05-18 WO PCT/FR1995/000656 patent/WO1995031674A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-18 DE DE69506669T patent/DE69506669T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-18 ES ES95918659T patent/ES2128058T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-18 EP EP95918659A patent/EP0708900B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2264372A3 (fr) * | 2009-05-29 | 2013-02-20 | LG ELectronics INC. | Dispositif de ventilation et son procédé de contrôle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2167598A1 (fr) | 1995-11-23 |
| FR2720143B1 (fr) | 1996-07-12 |
| FR2720143A1 (fr) | 1995-11-24 |
| DE69506669T2 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
| ATE174680T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
| DE69506669D1 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
| US5771845A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| EP0708900A1 (fr) | 1996-05-01 |
| JPH09500957A (ja) | 1997-01-28 |
| WO1995031674A1 (fr) | 1995-11-23 |
| ES2128058T3 (es) | 1999-05-01 |
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