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EP0707178A2 - Process and device for air treatment - Google Patents

Process and device for air treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0707178A2
EP0707178A2 EP95116004A EP95116004A EP0707178A2 EP 0707178 A2 EP0707178 A2 EP 0707178A2 EP 95116004 A EP95116004 A EP 95116004A EP 95116004 A EP95116004 A EP 95116004A EP 0707178 A2 EP0707178 A2 EP 0707178A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
ozone
rooms
generators
nitrogen oxide
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Granted
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EP95116004A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0707178A3 (en
EP0707178B1 (en
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Alexander Dr. Med. Balkanyi
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
    • F24F8/22—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using UV light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
    • F24F8/24—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using sterilising media
    • F24F8/26—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using sterilising media using ozone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/40—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by ozonisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices and a method for processing indoor air according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the air passes through several sterilization stations, which spaced one behind the other in the ventilation ducts. This allows large areas of the air conditioning or heating system to be kept under aseptic conditions.
  • ultraviolet light sources can be used as the sterilization stations, which emit light with a germicidal effect. By connecting several such sources in series, the individual sources do not have to be particularly powerful, which reduces their price.
  • ozone generators are used as disinfection stations.
  • the series connection of several ozone generators allows large areas of the air conditioning system to be kept under ozone concentrations with only a slight gradient, which makes high peak concentrations unnecessary. This allows the ozone concentration to be adjusted to the effective range of effectiveness. This is why the system manages with a much lower ozone concentration than existing solutions. Operational safety is increased and damage caused by undesired oxidation is reduced.
  • the ozone in the air is broken down by means of ozone catalysts or the like before entering the rooms. These can be at the end of the respective feed channels. Since the ozone concentrations are relatively low, the catalysts can be simply constructed. No ozone catalysts are necessary between the individual ozone sources.
  • an ozone lock with one or more ozone sources is used, the air being passed through a device for reducing nitrogen oxide before entering the rooms. It turns out that this measure often improves the air quality, since many common ozone sources simultaneously generate nitrogen oxide.
  • Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of an inventive system for air treatment in a building. This can be, for example, an air conditioning system or a circulating air heater.
  • the building has several rooms 1. From these, the air is brought to a control center 5 via exhaust air ducts 2-4.
  • the control center 5 comprises a circulation pump, heating and cooling units, mixing chambers for supplying fresh air, devices for regulating the air humidity, filters, etc. These are designed in a conventional manner and do not need to be described further here.
  • the air then enters the rooms 1 from the control center 5 via supply air channels 6 - 8 and air outlets 9.
  • ozone generators 10 are arranged in the supply air channels 6 and 7 as sterilization stations. With these generators, an ozone concentration is maintained in all supply air channels 6 - 8, which is sufficient to kill none and to break down pollutants and odors. Just before or in the Air outlets 9 are provided 11 for depletion of ozone.
  • the ozone generators 10 can be of various types, which e.g. Convert oxygen in the air to ozone.
  • the devices 11 for ozone depletion can also be conventional.
  • ozone catalysts as described in EP-A-431 648 can be used. (As described below, ultraviolet light sources can be used in place of the ozone generators.)
  • ozone generators generate not only ozone but also nitrogen oxides.
  • devices 12 are provided in front of the air outlets 9 which reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the air. This can be, for example, suitable catalysts or filters.
  • the dismantling devices 11 and 12 can also be combined.
  • the device 12 for reducing nitrogen oxide is preferably arranged in front of the ozone depletion device 11, since many of the known ozone depletion devices are impaired in their function by nitrogen oxide.
  • each ozone generator 10 is preferably regulated. As shown in FIG. 2, each ozone generator 10 can be equipped with an ozone sensor 13 for this purpose. This sensor is located at the end of the effective range of the respective ozone generator 10, ie in front of the following ozone generator 10 or. the following degradation device 11, 12.
  • a control electronics in each ozone generator ensures that the ozone concentration in the sensor 13 is kept at a desired value. This has the advantage the different degrees of pollution of the air (which change the rate of ozone depletion) are automatically taken into account. If the air is very dirty, the ozone depletion in the air is accelerated. In this case, the ozone generation rate is automatically increased so that the target value is maintained at sensor 13.
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of the ozone concentration in the system according to FIG. 2. After each ozone generator 10, the concentration reaches a maximum value Kmax and then drops to a minimum value Kmin at the end of the following effective range. When using ozone sensors 13, the minimum value Kmin corresponds approximately to the specified target value.
  • the minimum value Kmin should be selected so that the effect of the ozone is sufficient for disinfection and pollutant degradation and that the formation of infection sources in the channels is prevented.
  • the specific setpoint depends on the respective operating conditions and is influenced in particular by the air's passage time through the ozone-containing zone, the temperature, the air humidity and the amount of substances to be oxidized.
  • the concrete setpoint can be fixed or set by a central controller based on the current operating parameters, such as. B. humidity, air flow rate and temperature.
  • the maximum value Kmax is preferably regulated via the sensors 13. It gets bigger if the distance between successive ozone generators resp. the distance between the last generator and the mining device 11, 12 increases. This distance is in the meter or ten meter range, for example between 1 and 50 meters. It should be chosen in such a way that in the case of slightly polluted air and medium humidity the ratio Kmax: Kmin is smaller, if possible significantly smaller than 10, so that peak values that are too high are avoided.
  • a further ozone sensor 14 is provided at the outlet 9 (cf. FIG. 2). This can be read in room 1 and indicates whether the ozone concentration of the air coming through the outlet 9 exceeds a limit value.
  • a chemical indicator e.g. wet potassium iodide, or an electronic sensor with display can be used.
  • Such a limit value monitor can also be provided in conventional air treatment plants with only one ozone generator and in compact air conditioning units.
  • the ozone generators 10 are arranged in the supply air channels 6, 7, a first one of the generators immediately after the control center 5.
  • ozone generators 10 can also be arranged in or in front of the control center 5 and in the exhaust air ducts 2 - 4, so that these too Areas under ozone. This further improves the effectiveness of the system and the ozone concentration can be reduced.
  • the ozone generators do not necessarily have to be in continuous operation. They can also be operated at intervals.
  • ultraviolet light sources can also be used as sterilization stations instead of the ozone generators. These light sources preferably generate UV-C radiation. UV light sources can be used individually, but also one after the other in the air duct according to the arrangement described above.
  • UV-C radiation on bacteria and germs can take place directly or through ozone generated by UV light.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The air-conditioning system has extraction ducts (2-4) for extracting the stale air from each room and feeding it to a central heating, filtering and mixing point (5) where it is mixed with fresh air, before being fed back to each room via supply ducts (6-8). The extraction ducts and/or the feed ducts include ozone generators (10) e.g. UV light sources providing UV-C light, which are regulated via respective ozone detectors (13).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Vorrichtungen und ein Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Raumluft gemäss dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to devices and a method for processing indoor air according to the preamble of the independent claims.

Es ist bekannt, dass die Qualität von Raumluft verbessert werden kann, wenn sie mittels Ozon behandelt wird. Entsprechende Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtungen sind zum Beispiel in EP-A-431 648 und EP-A-567 775 beschrieben. Hierbei wird die Raumluft durch eine Klima- oder Heizanlage geführt, wo sie durch einen Oxidator tritt. Diese Luftaufbereitung erfolgt in der Zentrale der Anlage in einen Ozongenerator mit nachfolgendem Ozonkatalysator. Das im Ozongenerator erzeugte Ozon wirkt auf die Luft ein und beseitigt Keime, Pilze, Geruchsstoffe und Schadstoffe. Danach wird das Ozon im Katalysator abgebaut. Die so aufbereitete Raumluft verlässt die Zentrale und wird über ein Belüftungssystem in die Räume zurückgepumpt.It is known that the quality of indoor air can be improved if it is treated with ozone. Corresponding methods and devices are described for example in EP-A-431 648 and EP-A-567 775. Here, the room air is led through an air conditioning or heating system, where it passes through an oxidizer. This air treatment takes place in the center of the plant in an ozone generator with a subsequent ozone catalyst. The ozone generated in the ozone generator affects the air and removes germs, fungi, odorous substances and pollutants. Then the ozone is broken down in the catalytic converter. The room air prepared in this way leaves the control center and is pumped back into the rooms via a ventilation system.

In der Praxis zeigt es sich, dass derartige Anlagen oftmals Luft in die Räume liefern, welche immer noch mit Schadstoffen und Keimen belastet ist. Um eine genügende Ozonkonzentration über ausreichend lange Strekken zu erhalten, werden sehr hohe Spitzenkonzentrationen in der Zentralanlage benötigt. Durch die hohen Ozonkonzentrationen können ausserdem bei einem Schleusendefekt grosse Ozonmengen frei werden, was das Betriebsrisiko erhöht.In practice, it has been shown that such systems often supply air to the room, which is still contaminated with pollutants and germs. In order to obtain a sufficient ozone concentration over sufficiently long distances, very high peak concentrations are required in the central system. The high ozone concentrations can also release large amounts of ozone in the event of a lock defect, which increases the operating risk.

Es stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, bei der die Probleme bekannter Anlagen mindestens teilweise vermindert werden. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Vorrichtungen resp. das Verfahren gemäss den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.It is therefore the task of providing a device of the type mentioned at the outset in which the problems of known systems are at least partially reduced. This task is resp. solved the method according to the independent claims.

In einer ersten Ausführung der Erfindung passiert also die Luft mehrere Entkeimungsstationen, welche beabstandet nacheinander in den Lüftungskanälen angeordnet sind. Dies erlaubt es, grosse Bereiche der Klima- bzw. Heizanlage unter keimfreien Bedingungen zu halten.In a first embodiment of the invention, the air passes through several sterilization stations, which spaced one behind the other in the ventilation ducts. This allows large areas of the air conditioning or heating system to be kept under aseptic conditions.

Insbesondere wenn ein grosser Teil der Luftführungskanäle, z. B. im wesentlichen alle Kanäle zwischen der Zentrale und den Räumen, unter keimfreien Bedingungen gehalten wird, kann verhindert werden, dass sich in den Kanälen Infektionsherde, Pilze usw. bilden. Im Gegensatz hierzu bilden sich in vielen bekannten Anlagen Infektionsherde nach der Ozonschleuse bzw. Entkeimungsstation, so dass die Luft wieder verschmutzt wird, bevor sie die Räume erreichen kann.Especially when a large part of the air ducts, e.g. B. essentially all channels between the control center and the rooms, kept under aseptic conditions, can prevent the formation of infection sources, fungi, etc. in the channels. In contrast to this, in many known systems, foci of infection form after the ozone lock or disinfection station, so that the air is polluted again before it can reach the rooms.

In einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführung können als Entkeimungsstationen Ultraviolett-Lichtquellen verwendet werden, die Licht mit keimabtötender Wirkung aussenden. Durch das Hintereinanderschalten mehrerer solcher Quellen brauchen die einzelnen Quellen nicht besonders leistungsstark zu sein, was deren Preis vermindert.In a first preferred embodiment, ultraviolet light sources can be used as the sterilization stations, which emit light with a germicidal effect. By connecting several such sources in series, the individual sources do not have to be particularly powerful, which reduces their price.

In einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführung kommen als Entkeimungsstationen Ozongeneratoren zum Einsatz. Hier erlaubt es die Hintereinanderschaltung mehrerer Ozongeneratoren, grosse Bereiche der Klimaanlage unter Ozonkonzentrationen mit nur geringem Gefälle zu halten, wodurch sich hohe Spitzenkonzentrationen erübrigen. Dadurch kann die Ozonkonzentration dem effektiven Wirksamkeitsbereich angepasst werden. Deshalb kommt die Anlage mit wesentlich kleineren Ozonkonzentration aus als bestehende Lösungen. Die Betriebssicherheit wird erhöht und Schäden durch unerwünschte Oxidation werden reduziert.In a second preferred embodiment, ozone generators are used as disinfection stations. Here, the series connection of several ozone generators allows large areas of the air conditioning system to be kept under ozone concentrations with only a slight gradient, which makes high peak concentrations unnecessary. This allows the ozone concentration to be adjusted to the effective range of effectiveness. This is why the system manages with a much lower ozone concentration than existing solutions. Operational safety is increased and damage caused by undesired oxidation is reduced.

Vorzugsweise wird das Ozon in der Luft vor Eintritt in die Räume mittels Ozonkatalysatoren oder dergleichen abgebaut. Diese können sich am Ende der jeweiligen Zuführungskanäle befinden. Da die Ozonkonzentrationen relativ gering sind, können die Katalysatoren einfach aufgebaut sein. Zwischen den einzelnen Ozonquellen sind keine Ozonkatalysatoren notwendig.Preferably, the ozone in the air is broken down by means of ozone catalysts or the like before entering the rooms. These can be at the end of the respective feed channels. Since the ozone concentrations are relatively low, the catalysts can be simply constructed. No ozone catalysts are necessary between the individual ozone sources.

In einer anderen Ausführung der Erfindung wird eine Ozonschleuse mit einer oder mehreren Ozonquellen verwendet, wobei die Luft vor dem Eintritt in die Räume durch eine Vorrichtung zum Abbau von Stickoxid geleitet wird. Es zeigt sich, dass diese Massnahme die Luftqualität oftmals verbessert, da viele gängige Ozonquellen gleichzeitig Stickoxid erzeugen.In another embodiment of the invention, an ozone lock with one or more ozone sources is used, the air being passed through a device for reducing nitrogen oxide before entering the rooms. It turns out that this measure often improves the air quality, since many common ozone sources simultaneously generate nitrogen oxide.

Weitere Ausführungen, Vorteile und Anwendungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein schematisches Diagramm einer erfindungsgemässen Luftaufbereitungsanlage,
  • Figur 2 zwei aufeinander folgende Ozonquellen mit Regelkreisen, und
  • Figur 3 den Verlauf der Ozonkonzentration im Kanal nach Figur 2.
Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention result from the following description of a system according to the invention with reference to the figures. Show:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an air treatment system according to the invention,
  • Figure 2 two successive ozone sources with control loops, and
  • 3 shows the course of the ozone concentration in the channel according to FIG. 2.

Figur 1 zeigt ein vereinfachtes Diagramm einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage zur Luftaufbereitung in einem Gebäude. Dabei kann es sich zum Beispiel um eine Klimaanlage oder eine Umluft-Heizung handeln.Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of an inventive system for air treatment in a building. This can be, for example, an air conditioning system or a circulating air heater.

Das Gebäude weist mehrere Räume 1 auf. Von diesen wird die Luft über Abluftkanäle 2 - 4 zu einer Zentrale 5 gebracht. Die Zentrale 5 umfasst eine Umwälzpumpe, Heiz- und Kühlaggregate, Mischkammern zur Zuführung von Frischluft, Vorrichtungen zur Regelung der Luftfeuchtigkeit, Filter, usw. Diese sind in konventioneller Art ausgeführt und brauchen hier nicht weiter beschrieben zu werden. Von der Zentrale 5 gelangt die Luft sodann über Zuluftkanäle 6 - 8 und Luftaustritte 9 wieder in die Räume 1.The building has several rooms 1. From these, the air is brought to a control center 5 via exhaust air ducts 2-4. The control center 5 comprises a circulation pump, heating and cooling units, mixing chambers for supplying fresh air, devices for regulating the air humidity, filters, etc. These are designed in a conventional manner and do not need to be described further here. The air then enters the rooms 1 from the control center 5 via supply air channels 6 - 8 and air outlets 9.

Im vorliegenden Beispiel sind in den Zuluftkanälen 6 und 7 als Entkeimungsstationen mehrere Ozongeneratoren 10 angeordnet. Mit diesen Generatoren wird in allen Zuluftkanälen 6 - 8 eine Ozonkonzentration aufrecht erhalten, die zur Abtötung von Keinen und zum Abbau von Schad- und Geruchsstoffen ausreicht. Kurz vor oder in den Luftaustritten 9 sind Vorrichtungen 11 zum Abbau von Ozon vorgesehen.In the present example, several ozone generators 10 are arranged in the supply air channels 6 and 7 as sterilization stations. With these generators, an ozone concentration is maintained in all supply air channels 6 - 8, which is sufficient to kill none and to break down pollutants and odors. Just before or in the Air outlets 9 are provided 11 for depletion of ozone.

Bei den Ozongeneratoren 10 kann es sich um Ozonisatoren verschiedenster Bauart handeln, welche z.B. Sauerstoff der Luft in Ozon umwandeln. Auch die Vorrichtungen 11 zum Ozonabbau können konventioneller Art sein. So können zum Beispiel Ozonkatalysatoren verwendet werden, wie sie in EP-A-431 648 beschrieben sind. (Wie weiter unten beschrieben wird, können anstelle der Ozongeneratoren auch Ultraviolett-Lichtquellen eingesetzt werden.)The ozone generators 10 can be of various types, which e.g. Convert oxygen in the air to ozone. The devices 11 for ozone depletion can also be conventional. For example, ozone catalysts as described in EP-A-431 648 can be used. (As described below, ultraviolet light sources can be used in place of the ozone generators.)

Es zeigt sich, dass viele Ozongeneratoren nicht nur Ozon sondern auch Stickoxide erzeugen. Um zu verhindern, dass diese in die Räume 1 gelangen, sind vor den Luftaustritten 9 Vorrichtungen 12 vorgesehen, die den Stickoxidgehalt der Luft reduzieren. Dabei kann es sich zum Beispiel um geeignete Katalysatoren oder Filter handeln.It turns out that many ozone generators generate not only ozone but also nitrogen oxides. In order to prevent them from entering rooms 1, devices 12 are provided in front of the air outlets 9 which reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the air. This can be, for example, suitable catalysts or filters.

Die Abbauvorrichtungen 11 und 12 können auch kombiniert sein.The dismantling devices 11 and 12 can also be combined.

Der Einbau einer Vorrichtung zur Verminderung von Stickoxid empfiehlt sich auch bei Luftaufbereitungsanlagen, welche nur einen einzigen Ozongenerator 10 aufweisen, wie z.B. kompakte Kleinklimageräte.The installation of a device for reducing nitrogen oxide is also recommended in air treatment plants which have only a single ozone generator 10, such as compact small air conditioners.

Die Vorrichtung 12 zur Verminderung von Stickoxid wird vorzugsweise vor der Ozon-Abbauvorrichtung 11 angeordnet, da viele der bekannten Ozon-Abbauvorrichtungen in ihrer Funktion durch Stickoxid beeinträchtigt werden.The device 12 for reducing nitrogen oxide is preferably arranged in front of the ozone depletion device 11, since many of the known ozone depletion devices are impaired in their function by nitrogen oxide.

Vorzugsweise sind die Ozongeneratoren 10 geregelt. Wie in Figur 2 gezeigt wird, kann hierzu jeder Ozongenerator 10 mit einem Ozonsensor 13 ausgestattet werden. Dieser Sensor befindet sich am Ende des Wirkbereichs des jeweiligen Ozongenerators 10, d.h. vor dem folgenden Ozongenerator 10 resp. der folgenden Abbauvorrichtung 11, 12. Eine Regelelektronik in jedem Ozongenerator sorgt dafür, dass die Ozonkonzentration beim Sensor 13 auf einem Sollwert gehalten wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, das unterschiedliche Verschmutzungsgrade der Luft (welche die Rate des Ozonabbaus verändern), automatisch berücksichtigt werden. Ist die Luft stark verschmutzt, so wird der Ozonabbau in der Luft beschleunigt. In diesem Fall wird also die Ozonerzeugungsrate automatisch erhöht, so dass der Sollwert beim Sensor 13 beibehalten wird.The ozone generators 10 are preferably regulated. As shown in FIG. 2, each ozone generator 10 can be equipped with an ozone sensor 13 for this purpose. This sensor is located at the end of the effective range of the respective ozone generator 10, ie in front of the following ozone generator 10 or. the following degradation device 11, 12. A control electronics in each ozone generator ensures that the ozone concentration in the sensor 13 is kept at a desired value. This has the advantage the different degrees of pollution of the air (which change the rate of ozone depletion) are automatically taken into account. If the air is very dirty, the ozone depletion in the air is accelerated. In this case, the ozone generation rate is automatically increased so that the target value is maintained at sensor 13.

Figur 3 zeigt den Verlauf der Ozonkonzentration in der Anlage nach Figur 2. Nach jedem Ozongenerator 10 erreicht die Konzentration einen Maximalwert Kmax und fällt sodann am Ende der folgenden Wirkstrecke auf einen Minimalwert Kmin ab. Bei Verwendung von Ozonsensoren 13 entspricht der Minimalwert Kmin etwa dem vorgegebenen Sollwert.FIG. 3 shows the course of the ozone concentration in the system according to FIG. 2. After each ozone generator 10, the concentration reaches a maximum value Kmax and then drops to a minimum value Kmin at the end of the following effective range. When using ozone sensors 13, the minimum value Kmin corresponds approximately to the specified target value.

Der Sollwert resp. Minimalwert Kmin ist so zu wählen, dass die Wirkung des Ozons zur Desinfektion und zum Schadstoffabbau ausreicht, und dass die Bildung von Infektionsherden in den Kanälen verhindert wird. Der konkrete Sollwert hängt von den jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen ab, und wird insbesondere von der Durchlaufzeit der Luft durch die ozonhaltige Zone, von der Temperatur, von der Luftfeuchtigkeit und von der Menge zu oxidierenden Substanzen beeinflusst.The setpoint resp. The minimum value Kmin should be selected so that the effect of the ozone is sufficient for disinfection and pollutant degradation and that the formation of infection sources in the channels is prevented. The specific setpoint depends on the respective operating conditions and is influenced in particular by the air's passage time through the ozone-containing zone, the temperature, the air humidity and the amount of substances to be oxidized.

Der konkrete Sollwert kann fest eingestellt sein oder von einer zentralen Steuerung aufgrund der momentanen Betriebsparameter, wie z. B. Luftfeuchtigkeit, Luftförderrate und Temperatur, vorgegeben werden.The concrete setpoint can be fixed or set by a central controller based on the current operating parameters, such as. B. humidity, air flow rate and temperature.

Der Maximalwert Kmax wird wie erwähnt vorzugsweise über die Sensoren 13 geregelt. Er wird grösser, wenn der Abstand zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Ozongeneratoren resp. der Abstand zwischen dem letzen Generator und der Abbauvorrichtung 11, 12 zunimmt. Dieser Abstand liegt hier im Meter- oder Zehnmeterbereich, z.B. zwischen 1 und 50 Meter. Er sollte so gewählt werden, dass bei schwach verschmutzter Luft und mittlerer Luftfeuchtigkeit das Verhältnis Kmax:Kmin kleiner, möglichst deutlich kleiner, als 10 ist, so dass zu hohe Spitzenwerte vermieden werden.As mentioned, the maximum value Kmax is preferably regulated via the sensors 13. It gets bigger if the distance between successive ozone generators resp. the distance between the last generator and the mining device 11, 12 increases. This distance is in the meter or ten meter range, for example between 1 and 50 meters. It should be chosen in such a way that in the case of slightly polluted air and medium humidity the ratio Kmax: Kmin is smaller, if possible significantly smaller than 10, so that peak values that are too high are avoided.

Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Ozonabbauvorrichtung 11 zu überwachen, ist beim Austritt 9 ein weiterer Ozonsensor 14 vorgesehen (vgl. Figur 2). Dieser ist im Raum 1 ablesbar und zeigt an, ob die Ozonkonzentration der durch den Austritt 9 kommenden Luft einen Grenzwert überschreitet. Hierzu kann ein chemischer Indikator, wie z.B. nasses Kaliumiodid, oder ein elektronischer Sensor mit Anzeige eingesetzt werden. Ein solcher Grenzwert-Ueberwacher kann auch bei herkömmlichen Luftaufbereitungsanlagen mit nur einem Ozongenerator und bei kompakten Klimaaggregaten vorgesehen werden.In order to monitor the functionality of the ozone depletion device 11, a further ozone sensor 14 is provided at the outlet 9 (cf. FIG. 2). This can be read in room 1 and indicates whether the ozone concentration of the air coming through the outlet 9 exceeds a limit value. A chemical indicator, e.g. wet potassium iodide, or an electronic sensor with display can be used. Such a limit value monitor can also be provided in conventional air treatment plants with only one ozone generator and in compact air conditioning units.

In der Anlage nach Figur 1 werden nur die Zuluftkanäle 6 - 8 unter Ozon gehalten. Hierfür sind die Ozongeneratoren 10 in den Zuluftkanälen 6,7 angeordnet, ein erster der Generatoren unmittelbar nach der Zentrale 5. Es können jedoch auch bereits in oder vor der Zentrale 5 und in den Abluftkanälen 2 - 4 Ozongeneratoren 10 angeordnet sein, so dass auch diese Bereiche unter Ozon stehen. Damit wird die Wirkung der Anlage weiter verbessert und die Ozonkonzentration kann reduziert werden.In the system according to FIG. 1, only the supply air ducts 6-8 are kept under ozone. For this purpose, the ozone generators 10 are arranged in the supply air channels 6, 7, a first one of the generators immediately after the control center 5. However, ozone generators 10 can also be arranged in or in front of the control center 5 and in the exhaust air ducts 2 - 4, so that these too Areas under ozone. This further improves the effectiveness of the system and the ozone concentration can be reduced.

Die Ozongeneratoren müssen nicht unbedingt dauernd in Betrieb sein. Sie können auch intervallweise betrieben werden.The ozone generators do not necessarily have to be in continuous operation. They can also be operated at intervals.

Wie bereits erwähnt, können anstelle der Ozongeneratoren als Entkeimungsstationen auch Ultraviolett-Lichtquellen eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise erzeugen diese Lichtquellen UV-C Strahlung. UV-Lichtquellen können einzeln, aber auch nacheinander im Luftkanal gemäss oben beschriebener Anordnung eingesetzt werden.As already mentioned, ultraviolet light sources can also be used as sterilization stations instead of the ozone generators. These light sources preferably generate UV-C radiation. UV light sources can be used individually, but also one after the other in the air duct according to the arrangement described above.

Die Wirkung von UV-C-Strahlung auf Bakterien und Keime kann direkt oder durch von UV-Licht erzeugtes Ozon erfolgen.The effect of UV-C radiation on bacteria and germs can take place directly or through ozone generated by UV light.

Claims (17)

Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Raumluft in einem Gebäude, welche eine Anordnung von Luftführungskanälen (2-4, 6-8) aufweist, in welchen Luft von Räumen (1) zu einer Zentrale (5) und von der Zentrale (5) zu den Räumen (1) transportiert wird, sowie eine Desinfektionsanlage, in welcher die Luft desinfiziert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Desinfektionsanlage eine Mehrzahl von Entkeimungsstationen (10) aufweist, welche beabstandet voneinander entlang mindestens einem Teil der Luftführungskanäle (2-4, 6-8) angeordnet sind.Device for processing indoor air in a building, which has an arrangement of air ducts (2-4, 6-8), in which air from rooms (1) to a center (5) and from the center (5) to the rooms ( 1) is transported, as well as a disinfection system in which the air is disinfected, characterized in that the disinfection system has a plurality of disinfection stations (10) which are spaced apart from one another along at least part of the air guide channels (2-4, 6-8) are. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Entkeimungsstationen je eine Ultraviolett-Lichtquelle aufweist, mit welcher Ultraviolett-Licht mit entkeimender Wirkung, insbesondere UV-C-Licht, anwendbar ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the sterilization stations each have an ultraviolet light source with which ultraviolet light with a sterilizing effect, in particular UV-C light, can be used. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Entkeimungsstation einen Ozongenerator aufweist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each sterilization station has an ozone generator. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine Vorrichtung (11) zum Ozonabbau, mit welcher Ozon in der Luft vor Eintritt der Luft in die Räume (1) abbaubar ist.Device according to claim 3, characterized by at least one device (11) for ozone depletion, with which ozone in the air can be broken down before the air enters the rooms (1). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ozongeneratoren und die mindestens eine Vorrichtung (11) zum Ozonabbau derart angeordnet sind, dass die Luft zuerst eine Vielzahl der Ozongeneratoren und erst danach die Vorrichtung (11) zum Ozonabbau durchläuft.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the ozone generators and the at least one device (11) for ozone depletion are arranged in such a way that the air first passes through a plurality of the ozone generators and only then does the device (11) for ozone depletion. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Luftstrom ein erster Ozongenerator spätestens bei der Zentrale (5) angeordnet ist.Device according to one of claims 3-5, characterized in that a first ozone generator is arranged in the air flow at the latest at the control center (5). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Ozongeneratoren mit Ozondetektoren (13) zur Regelung ausgestattet sind, wobei bei zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Ozongeneratoren der Ozondetektor (13) des im Luftstrom ersten Ozongenerators im wesentlichen unmittelbar vor dem zweiten Ozongenerator angeordnet ist.Device according to one of claims 3-6, characterized in that at least some of the ozone generators are equipped with ozone detectors (13) for regulation, with two successive ozone generators the ozone detector (13) of the first ozone generator in the air flow essentially immediately before the second ozone generator is arranged. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei mindestens einem Teil der Luftaustritte (9) in die Räume (1) eine im Raum ablesbare Ozonwarnvorrichtung (14) angeordnet ist, mit der das Überschreiten einer maximalen Ozonkonzentration der in den Raum austretenden Luft anzeigbar ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the air outlets (9) into the rooms (1) are arranged an ozone warning device (14) which can be read in the room and with which the maximum ozone concentration of the air emerging into the room is exceeded can be displayed. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine Vorrichtung (12) zum Stickoxidabbau, mit welcher der Stickoxidgehalt der Luft vor dem Eintritt in die Räume (1) reduzierbar ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one device (12) for nitrogen oxide reduction, with which the nitrogen oxide content of the air can be reduced before entering the rooms (1). Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Raumluft in einem Gebäude, wobei die Raumluft durch eine Anordnung von Luftführungskanälen (2-4, 6-8) von Räumen (1) zu einer Zentrale (5) und von der Zentrale (5) zu den Räumen (1) geführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens in einem Teil der Luftführungskanäle (2-4, 6-8) zwischen den Räumen (1) und der Zentrale (5) und/oder der Zentrale (5) und den Räumen (1) zur Luftaufbereitung Bedingungen mit keimabtötender Wirkung erzeugt werden.Method for processing room air in a building, the room air being arranged through an arrangement of air ducts (2-4, 6-8) from rooms (1) to a center (5) and from the center (5) to the rooms (1) is performed, characterized in that at least in a part of the air duct (2-4, 6-8) between the rooms (1) and the control center (5) and / or the control center (5) and the rooms (1) for air treatment Conditions with a germicidal effect are created. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bedingungen mit keimabtötender Wirkung im wesentlichen in allen Luftführungskanälen (6-8) zwischen der Zentrale (5) und den Räumen (1) herrschen.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the conditions with a germicidal effect prevail essentially in all air ducts (6-8) between the control center (5) and the rooms (1). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bedingungen mit keimabtötender Wirkung durch einen erhöhten Ozongehalt der Luft erzeugt werden.Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the conditions with a germicidal effect are generated by an increased ozone content in the air. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ozongehalt der Luft kurz vor Austritt der Luft in die Räume reduziert wird.A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the ozone content of the air is reduced shortly before the air exits into the rooms. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luft an mindestens zwei Ozongeneratoren (10) und erst danach an einer Vorrichtung (11) zum Ozonabbau vorbeigeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the air is guided past at least two ozone generators (10) and only afterwards past a device (11) for ozone depletion. Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Raumluft mit mindestens einem Ozongenerator (10), gekennzeichnet durch eine nach dem Ozongenerator (10) angeordnete Vorrichtung (12) zum Stickoxidabbau.Device for processing indoor air with at least one ozone generator (10), characterized by a device (12) arranged after the ozone generator (10) for nitrogen oxide reduction. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der Vorrichtung (12) zum Stickoxidabbau die Stickoxidkonzentration der Luft auf gesundheitlich unbedenkliche Werte abbaubar ist.Device according to Claim 15, characterized in that the nitrogen oxide concentration in the air can be reduced to values which are harmless to health with the device (12) for nitrogen oxide degradation. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9 und einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16.Device according to one of claims 1-9 and one of claims 15 or 16.
EP95116004A 1994-10-13 1995-10-11 Process and device for air treatment Expired - Lifetime EP0707178B1 (en)

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US5752878A (en) 1998-05-19
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ATE200706T1 (en) 2001-05-15
ES2156176T3 (en) 2001-06-16

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