EP0700693A1 - Procédé pour éteindre un incendie - Google Patents
Procédé pour éteindre un incendie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0700693A1 EP0700693A1 EP95202438A EP95202438A EP0700693A1 EP 0700693 A1 EP0700693 A1 EP 0700693A1 EP 95202438 A EP95202438 A EP 95202438A EP 95202438 A EP95202438 A EP 95202438A EP 0700693 A1 EP0700693 A1 EP 0700693A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extinguishing gas
- area
- air
- extinguishing
- specific weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010033670 Panic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for extinguishing a fire by means of an extinguishing gas, wherein, after a fire is detected, the extinguishing gas is supplied under pressure to the area in which the fire has broken out, with simultaneous displacement of air.
- a method of this type which is disclosed in EP-A 0 496 066, is used in those cases where the use of fluid extinguishing agents is not possible or desirable, because of, for example, the damage to be anticipated as a consequence of the extinguishing fluid. Storage areas for valuable articles such as works of art may be mentioned as an example of such cases.
- the use of fluid extinguishing agents can also not be considered in the case of electrical and electronic installations, and in the case of some installations in the chemical industry and the like.
- extinguishing gas is based either on the principle of a negative catalyst or on the principle of displacement.
- the extinguishing gas contains Halons.
- Halons are no longer permitted under recent environmental legislation and, therefore, for as long as no replacement for Halons is available, use must be made of the displacement principle.
- a further disadvantage of this known method, and in particular of the high inflow speed associated with this method, lies in the extensive mixing which takes place between the air and the extinguishing gas. As a consequence of this, some of the extinguishing gas rapidly disappears from the protected area, as a result of which the displacement effect declines.
- the fire can initially be fanned. This can also lead to dissemination of combustion products, burning materials, hazardous substances and/or infectious substances and the swirling-up of dust, which is particularly disadvantageous in the case of vulnerable articles, such as electronic equipment, works of art, and the like. An inflow of this type is associated with high noise levels, as a result of which communication becomes impossible and panic reactions may occur.
- Roofs, walls, floors, windows and doors can also easily be overstressed by the large amounts of extinguishing gas. Furthermore, the displaced air must be prevented from passing on to adjacent areas, which makes the presence of extractors necessary.
- condensation occurs on cold installation components which are in contact with the ambient air. This can be prevented by fitting thermal insulation.
- the outflow facilities cannot be covered, as a result of which condensation cannot be prevented in these areas.
- the extinguishing agent which consists of a mixture of gas and liquid
- the outflow speed must be fairly high in order to allow the extinguishing agent to extract heat from the environment to vaporise the fluid component. Consequently, an (undesirable) mixing of extinguishing agent and ambient air will always take place.
- the aim of the invention is, therefore, so to improve the method described above that the said disadvantages are avoided.
- This aim is achieved in that the extinguishing gas is stored under a high pressure at ambient temperature, in a first step is fed to a chamber which is delimited by a porous wall and subsequently, in a second step, is fed via the porous wall to the fire to be extinguished.
- Feeding the extinguishing gas to the protected area in the manner according to the invention has the advantage that, at a high extinguishing gas flow rate and a high feed pressure, the inflow rates remain restricted.
- the porous wall provides an inflow surface which is so large that it is no longer possible for high local speeds to arise. The noise production remains low. Moreover, the formation of condensation is prevented.
- a further advantage of feeding a large amount of extinguishing gas at relatively low speed is the increased effectiveness thereof. This is because the low inflow speeds lead to little mixing of air and extinguishing gas, as a result of which relatively little extinguishing gas is removed from the area with the displaced air.
- the storage pressure is at least 100 bar; the most preferred range of storage pressures is 150-250 bars.
- the displaced air is preferably removed at a location which is related to the ratio of the specific weights of air and extinguishing gas. Because there is only slight mixing, the extinguishing gas can drive the air uniformly in front of it.
- an extinguishing gas which has a specific weight higher than the specific weight of air and discharge of the displaced air takes place at a relatively high level.
- an extinguishing gas which has a specific weight lower than the specific weight of air and discharge of the displaced air takes place at a relatively low level.
- the invention also relates to an area provided with an extinguishing installation for carrying out the method described above, comprising storage means for a stock of extinguishing gas under high pressure and, connected to said stock, a feed element which opens into the area, as well as discharge means for removal of displaced air from said area.
- an extinguishing gas can be used which has a specific weight higher than the specific weight of air, and the discharge means for removal of the displaced air can be located at a relatively high level in the area.
- an extinguishing gas can be used which has a specific weight lower than the specific weight of air, and the discharge means for removal of the displaced air can be located at a relatively low level in the area.
- the discharge outlets in the area can be provided with a seal which is breakable under the effect of overpressure in the area, for example a breakable membrane.
- a seal of this type prevents any outside influences, for example, the effects of weather, from being able to reach the protected area during normal operations.
- a possible embodiment of the discharge facility comprises a weight-loaded overpressure valve with a breakable membrane, for example made of plastic film, on both the inlet side and the outlet side.
- a breakable membrane for example made of plastic film
- the invention also relates to a feed element for feeding extinguishing gas into an area as described above, comprising a chamber with an inflow opening for the extinguishing gas, and a porous wall for releasing extinguishing gas from the chamber.
- the extinguishing gas fed under high pressure expands in the chamber, as a result of which the rate of flow decreases.
- the extinguishing gas then flows at moderate speed via the porous wall into the area to be protected.
- a further advantage is that the drop in temperature which occurs during expansion remains relatively slight, with the result that there is no ice formation. Only a layer of rime is deposited, which sublimes without dripping phenomena, such as would occur on the thawing of ice deposits.
- the inflow opening has an adjustable restriction for controlling the flow rate of the extinguishing gas.
- the restrictions can in each case be so adjusted that a feed of extinguishing gas uniformly distributed over all elements takes place.
- the porous wall is cylindrical and closed at one end by an end baffle, whilst it has an end baffle containing an inflow opening at the opposing end.
- the porous wall is preferably made of sintered stainless steel.
- a material of this type is well able to resist corrosion; there is then also hardly any risk of blocking, even during the prolonged period in which the installation has to remain ready for use. Moreover this material can be subjected to mechanical stress without any problems.
- a further advantage is the predictable and readily reproducible porosity.
- sintered materials such as sintered bronze
- ceramic materials on condition that the mechanical stresses allow this.
- the feed element can also have two separate inflow openings, each with its own restriction.
- the twin feed not only offers the possibility of mixing different extinguishing gases and so feeding these simultaneously, but also makes it possible to inject water into the extinguishing gas. Retaining the low-pulse feed, the atomised water will rapidly vaporise and expand. As a consequence of this, not only will the air be displaced rapidly but, at the same time, as a consequence of the vaporisation of the water, heat will also be withdrawn from the environment and the object to be extinguished.
- the feed element of porous material is also suitable for low-pulse atomisation of a liquefied gas, such as carbon dioxide, which leads to a much more effective oxygen displacement and cooling. This latter application is also suitable as water-saving cooling in production processes.
- a further advantage is that, despite the low temperature of the feed element, no condensation of water vapour on the feed element takes place because, during feeding of the extinguishing gas, the feed element is completely surrounded by extinguishing gas in which virtually no water vapour is present. Ambient air can come into contact with the feed element only after the feed of extinguishing gas has ceased. As a result of the feed of dry extinguishing gas, the moisture content of the ambient air is appreciably lower than before. A thin layer of rime forms on the feed element and sublimes without forming drips.
- a feed element made of sintered material has been used previously and has been described in EP-A 0 496 066.
- the feed element serves only for very fine dispersion of the mixture of liquid and gaseous extinguishing gas (argon stored under cryogenic conditions; pressure 15 to 40 bar) in order to promote rapid vaporisation of the liquid argon.
- the outflow speeds reached with this arrangement are appreciably higher than those according to the invention and indeed must be so in order to be able to achieve the target rapid vaporisation.
- the described advantages of the low outflow speeds (with respect to restriction of mixing with ambient air and condensation) are not achieved with the known feed element.
- Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section through an area provided with an extinguishing gas installation according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through the feed element according to the invention.
- valve 4 As soon as fire is detected in the area 1, for example via detection means which are known per se and are not shown, the valve 4 is opened, likewise in a known manner which is not shown, after which the extinguishing gas flows under high pressure and at high speed to the feed elements 2.
- said feed elements 2 comprise a chamber 6 surrounded by a porous, cylindrical wall 7.
- Said porous cylindrical wall can be made, for example, of sintered stainless steel.
- a wall 8 is located at one end of the chamber 6 and a wall 9, provided with a feed 10, is located at the other end. Upstream of said feed 10, there is a restriction 11, which is adjustable in such a way that an identical flow rate can be obtained through both feed elements 2.
- the extinguishing gas expands in the chamber 6, with a decrease in pressure and speed.
- the extinguishing gas then flows at a moderate speed into the area 1.
- the extinguishing gas has a specific weight which is higher than the specific weight of the air initially present in the area 1.
- the extinguishing gas flows in at a moderate speed, as a result of which there is hardly any mixing with the air, the extinguishing gas will initially collect at a low level 12 in the area 1.
- the extinguishing gas front 13 drives the air present in the area 1 before it, in such a way that the air can flow away uniformly through the discharge outlets 14 provided in the area 1.
- the air flow is indicated by the arrows 15.
- the advantage of this method is that hardly any extinguishing gas is lost through the discharge outlets 14, such that an extinguishing effect can be achieved with minimum amounts of extinguishing gas.
- a further advantage is that high flow speeds hardly occur in the area 1, as a result of which the objects located in said area remain spared and hardly any dissemination of hazardous or infectious substances will occur.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL9401480A NL9401480A (nl) | 1994-09-09 | 1994-09-09 | Werkwijze voor het blussen van een brand. |
| NL9401480 | 1994-09-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0700693A1 true EP0700693A1 (fr) | 1996-03-13 |
Family
ID=19864643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95202438A Withdrawn EP0700693A1 (fr) | 1994-09-09 | 1995-09-07 | Procédé pour éteindre un incendie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0700693A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2157949A1 (fr) |
| NL (1) | NL9401480A (fr) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001033983A (ja) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-02-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | パターン形成方法およびこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法、並びに半導体装置 |
| WO2002055155A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-18 | Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh | Procede d'inertisation au moyen d'un tampon d'azote |
| EP1151800A3 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2002-09-11 | Vesta Srl | Buse silencieuse pour projeter un gaz d'extinction |
| WO2008097281A3 (fr) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-10-23 | Ansul Inc | Système de suppression de feu absorbant l'oxygène |
| JP2011125673A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-06-30 | Koatsu Co Ltd | ガス系消火設備用の消音機能を有する噴射ヘッド |
| JP2017104560A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2017-06-15 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | ガス消火設備 |
| JP2017192722A (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-26 | 株式会社コーアツ | 低風速ガス系消火システム |
| CN115671641A (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-03 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | 一种应用于电化学储能系统的高汽化热多孔灭火介质及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2713391A (en) * | 1951-09-11 | 1955-07-19 | American La France Foamite | Pyrotechnic-operated fire extinguisher |
| US3486562A (en) * | 1968-03-08 | 1969-12-30 | David K Goodloe | Fire prevention,detection and extinguishing system |
| US3893514A (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1975-07-08 | Us Navy | Suppression of fires in confined spaces by pressurization |
| EP0496066A1 (fr) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-07-29 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Dispositif de lutte contre les incendies avec un reservoir de fluide cryogénique |
| WO1993009848A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-12 | 1993-05-27 | Laursen Torbjoern Gerner | Procede d'extinction de feu par une combinaison de gaz respirable et de vaporisation d'eau |
-
1994
- 1994-09-09 NL NL9401480A patent/NL9401480A/nl active Search and Examination
-
1995
- 1995-09-07 EP EP95202438A patent/EP0700693A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-11 CA CA002157949A patent/CA2157949A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2713391A (en) * | 1951-09-11 | 1955-07-19 | American La France Foamite | Pyrotechnic-operated fire extinguisher |
| US3486562A (en) * | 1968-03-08 | 1969-12-30 | David K Goodloe | Fire prevention,detection and extinguishing system |
| US3893514A (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1975-07-08 | Us Navy | Suppression of fires in confined spaces by pressurization |
| EP0496066A1 (fr) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-07-29 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Dispositif de lutte contre les incendies avec un reservoir de fluide cryogénique |
| WO1993009848A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-12 | 1993-05-27 | Laursen Torbjoern Gerner | Procede d'extinction de feu par une combinaison de gaz respirable et de vaporisation d'eau |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001033983A (ja) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-02-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | パターン形成方法およびこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法、並びに半導体装置 |
| EP1151800A3 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2002-09-11 | Vesta Srl | Buse silencieuse pour projeter un gaz d'extinction |
| WO2002055155A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-18 | Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh | Procede d'inertisation au moyen d'un tampon d'azote |
| JP2004516910A (ja) * | 2001-01-11 | 2004-06-10 | ワグナー アラーム ウント シヘルングシステメ ゲーエムベーハー | 窒素バッファによる不活性化方法 |
| AU2002221560B2 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2006-09-14 | Wagner Group Gmbh | Inert rendering method with a nitrogen buffer |
| US7156184B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2007-01-02 | Wagner Alarm—und Sicherungssysteme GmbH | Inert rendering method with a nitrogen buffer |
| CZ298794B6 (cs) * | 2001-01-11 | 2008-01-30 | Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh | Zpusob inertizace pro zabránení a/nebo uhašení požáru v uzavreném prostoru a zarízení k provádení tohoto zpusobu |
| WO2008097281A3 (fr) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-10-23 | Ansul Inc | Système de suppression de feu absorbant l'oxygène |
| JP2019202153A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2019-11-28 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | 消火ガス噴射装置およびそれを用いたガス消火設備ならびに消火ガス噴射装置の施工方法 |
| JP7344240B2 (ja) | 2009-10-23 | 2023-09-13 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | 消音装置およびガス消火設備 |
| JP2017104560A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2017-06-15 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | ガス消火設備 |
| JP2018023846A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2018-02-15 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | ガス消火設備 |
| JP2021037317A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2021-03-11 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | 噴射ヘッドおよびその噴射ヘッドの消火対象区画内での施工方法 |
| JP2021104350A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2021-07-26 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | 消音装置 |
| JP2023171526A (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2023-12-01 | エア・ウォーター防災株式会社 | ガス消火設備 |
| JP2016174940A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社コーアツ | ガス系消火設備用の消音機能を有する噴射ヘッド |
| JP2014087707A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2014-05-15 | Koatsu Co Ltd | ガス系消火設備用の消音機能を有する噴射ヘッド |
| JP2018008128A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社コーアツ | ガス系消火設備用の消音機能を有する噴射ヘッド |
| JP2011125673A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-06-30 | Koatsu Co Ltd | ガス系消火設備用の消音機能を有する噴射ヘッド |
| JP2017192722A (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-26 | 株式会社コーアツ | 低風速ガス系消火システム |
| JP7141075B2 (ja) | 2016-04-14 | 2022-09-22 | 株式会社コーアツ | 低風速ガス系消火システム |
| CN115671641A (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-03 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | 一种应用于电化学储能系统的高汽化热多孔灭火介质及其制备方法 |
| CN115671641B (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-10-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | 一种应用于电化学储能系统的高汽化热多孔灭火介质及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL9401480A (nl) | 1996-04-01 |
| CA2157949A1 (fr) | 1996-03-10 |
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