[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0796320A1 - Adn-ligase iii humaine - Google Patents

Adn-ligase iii humaine

Info

Publication number
EP0796320A1
EP0796320A1 EP95902496A EP95902496A EP0796320A1 EP 0796320 A1 EP0796320 A1 EP 0796320A1 EP 95902496 A EP95902496 A EP 95902496A EP 95902496 A EP95902496 A EP 95902496A EP 0796320 A1 EP0796320 A1 EP 0796320A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polypeptide
dna
polynucleotide
dna ligase
ligase iii
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95902496A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0796320A4 (fr
Inventor
Ying-Fei Wei
William A. Haseltine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Human Genome Sciences Inc
Original Assignee
Human Genome Sciences Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Human Genome Sciences Inc filed Critical Human Genome Sciences Inc
Publication of EP0796320A1 publication Critical patent/EP0796320A1/fr
Publication of EP0796320A4 publication Critical patent/EP0796320A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06—Antianaemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides, polypeptides encoded by such polynucleotide ⁇ , the use of such polynucleotides and polypeptides, as well as the production of such polynucleotides and polypeptides. More particularly, the polypeptide of the present invention is Human DNA Ligase III. The invention also relates to inhibiting the action of such polypeptides.
  • DNA strand interruptions and gaps are generated during replication, repair and recombination. In mammalian cell nuclei, rejoining of such breaks depends on several different DNA polymerase ⁇ and DNA ligases. The occurrence of three different DNA ligases was established previously by biochemical and immunological characterization of purified enzymes (Tomkinson, A.E., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266:21728- 21735 (1991) ) . DNA ligases are enzymes that catalyze DNA replication, excision repair and recombinational repair in mammalian cells (Li, J.J. and Kelly, T.J. , PNAS. USA, 81:6973-77 (1984) and Wook, R.O.
  • DNA Ligase I has been obtained by functional complementation of a S. cereviasiae cdc9 temperature-sensitive DNA ligase mutant (Barker, D.G., Bur. J. Biochem.. 162:659-67 (1987)).
  • the full-length cDNA encodes a 102-kDa protein of 919 amino acid residues. There is no marked sequence homology to other known proteins except for microbial DNA ligases.
  • the active site lysine residue is located at position 568.
  • DNA Ligase I requires magnesium and ATP for activity.
  • the main function of DNA Ligase I is the joining of Okazaki fragments during lagging-strand DNA replication.
  • DNA Ligase I can join oligo (dT) molecules hydrogen-bonded to poly (dA) , but the enzyme differs from T4 DNA Ligase in being unable to ligate oligo (dT) with a poly (rA) complementary strand.
  • DNA Ligase II is more firmly associated with the cell nuclei. This enzyme is a labile protein, which is rapidly inactivated at 42°C. DNA Ligase II resembles other eukaryotic DNA Ligases in requiring ATP as cof ctor, but the enzyme differs from DNA Ligase I in having a much higher association for ATP. DNA Ligase II catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds with an oligo (dT) • poly (rA) substrate, but not with an oligo (rA) • poly (dT) substrate, so it differs completely from DNA Ligase I in this regard (Arrand, J.E. et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 261:9079-82 (1986)).
  • DNA Ligase III A recently detected enzyme, which is larger than DNA Ligase II and apparently unrelated to that protein, has been named DNA Ligase III (Tomkinson, A.E. et al., J. Biol. Che . , 266:21728-35 (1991)) .
  • DNA Ligase III resembles DNA Ligase I, and differs from DNA Ligase II, in binding only weakly to hydroxylapatite in having a low affinity, for ATP. DNA Ligase I and III however are not closely related.
  • DNA Ligase III repairs single strand breaks in DNA efficiently, but it is unable to perform either blunt-end joining or AMP- dependent relaxation of supercoiled DNA (Elder, R.H. et al . , Bur. J. Biochem.. 203:53-58 (1992)) .
  • the mechanism for joining of DNA strand interruptions by DNA ligases has been widely described.
  • the reaction is initiated by the formation of a covalent enzyme-adenylate complex.
  • Mammalian and viral DNA ligases employ ATP as cofactor, whereas bacterial DNA ligases use NAD to generate the adenylyl group.
  • the ATP is cleaved to AMP and pyrophosphate with the adenylyl residue linked by a phosphoramidate bond to the e-amino group of a specific lysine residue at the active site of the protein (Gumport, R.I., et al . , PNAS, 68:2559-63 (1971)).
  • Reactivated AMP residue of the DNA ligase-adenylate intermediate is transferred to the 5' phosphate terminus of a single strand break in double stranded DNA to generate a covalent DNA-AMP complex with a 5'-5' phosphoanhydride bond.
  • This reaction intermediate has also been isolated for microbial and mammalian DNA ligases, but is more short lived than the adenylylated enzyme.
  • unadenylylated DNA ligases required for the generation of a phosphodiester bond catalyzes displacement of the AMP residue through attack by the adjacent 3'-hydroxyl group on the adenylylated site.
  • polypeptide of the present invention has been putatively identified as a human DNA Ligase III as a result of amino acid sequence homology.
  • novel mature polypeptides which are human DNA Ligase III, as well as biologically active and diagnostically or therapeutically useful fragments, analogs and derivatives thereof.
  • nucleic acid molecules encoding human DNA Ligase III, including mRNAs, DNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs as well as analogs and biologically active and diagnostically or therapeutically useful fragments thereof.
  • a process for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques comprising culturing recombinant prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells, containing a human DNA Ligase III nucleic acid sequence, under conditions promoting expression of said protein and subsequent recovery of said protein.
  • a method of treating conditions which are related to insufficient human DNA Ligase III activity via gene therapy comprising inserting the DNA Ligase III gene into a patient's cells either in vivo or ex vivo.
  • the gene is expressed in transduced cells and as a result, the protein encoded by the gene may be used therapeutically, for example, to prevent disorders associated with defects in DNA, for example, abnormal cellular proliferation, for example tumors, to treat severe immunosuppression, stunted growth and lymph ⁇ ma, as well as cellular hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents.
  • nucleic acid probes comprising nucleic acid molecules of sufficient length to specifically hybridize to human sequences which may be used diagnostically to detect a mutation in the gene encoding DNA Ligase III.
  • antagonists to such polypeptides which may be manufactured intracellularly or administered through gene therapy to inhibit the action of such polypeptides, for example, to target and destroy undesired cells, e.g., cancer cells.
  • Figure 1 shows the cDNA sequence and the corresponding deduced amino sequence of the DNA Ligase III polypeptide.
  • the standard one letter abbreviation for amino acids is used.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the amino acid homology between human DNA Ligase I (upper line)and human DNA Ligase III (lower line) .
  • Figure 3 is a copy of a gel illustrating the presence of DNA Ligase III in different human tissues.
  • Panel A is an autoradiograph of Northern analysis of the human DNA Ligase III gene and panel B is an ethidium bromide stained gel as a loading reference. The results show that human DNA Ligase III is mainly expressed in the thymus, testis and heart.
  • nucleic acid which encodes for the mature polypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of Figure 1 or for the mature polypeptide encoded by the cDNA of the clone deposited as ATCC Deposit No. 75880 on August 31, 1994.
  • a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention may be obtained from testis, thymus and heart.
  • the polynucleotide of this invention was discovered in a cDNA library derived from human activated T-cells. It is structurally related to the DNA ligase family. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 899 amino acid residues. The protein exhibits the highest degree of homology to rabbit DNA ligase with 29 % identity and 51 % similarity over a the entire protein.
  • E-KYDG-R is common to enzymes from different sources such as mammalian cells, yeasts, vaccinia virus and bacteriophage T7.
  • the polynucleotide of the present invention may be in the form of RNA or in the form of DNA, which DNA includes cDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA.
  • the DNA may be double- stranded or single-stranded, and if single stranded may be the coding strand or non-coding (anti-sense) strand.
  • the coding sequence which encodes the mature polypeptide may be identical to the coding sequence shown in Figure 1 or that of the deposited clone or may be a different coding sequence which coding sequence, as a result of the redundancy or degeneracy of the genetic code, encodes the same mature polypeptide as the DNA of Figure 1 or the deposited cDNA.
  • the polynucleotide which encodes for the mature polypeptide of Figure 1 or for the mature polypeptide encoded by the deposited cDNA may include: only the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide; the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide (and optionally additional coding sequence) and non-coding sequence, such as introns or non- coding sequence 5' and/or 3' of the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide.
  • polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide encompasses a polynucleotide which includes only coding sequence for the polypeptide as well as a polynucleotide which includes additional coding and/or non-coding sequence.
  • the present invention further relates to variants of the hereinabove described polynucleotides which encode for fragments, analogs and derivatives of the polypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of Figure 1 or the polypeptide encoded by the cDNA of the deposited clone.
  • the variant of the polynucleotide may be a naturally occurring allelic variant of the polynucleotide or a non-naturally occurring variant of the polynucleotide.
  • the present invention includes polynucleotides encoding the same mature polypeptide as shown in Figure 1 or the same mature polypeptide encoded by the cDNA of the deposited clone as well as variants of such polynucleotides which variants encode for a fragment, derivative or analog of the polypeptide of Figure 1 or the polypeptide encoded by the cDNA of the deposited clone.
  • Such nucleotide variants include deletion variants, substitution variants and addition or insertion variants.
  • the polynucleotide may have a coding sequence which is a naturally occurring allelic variant of the coding sequence shown in Figure 1 or of the coding sequence of the deposited clone.
  • an allelic variant is an alternate form of a polynucleotide sequence which may have a substitution, deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides, which does not substantially alter the function of the encoded polypeptide.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention may also have the coding sequence fused in frame to a marker sequence which allows for purification of the polypeptide of the present invention.
  • the marker sequence may be a hexa- histidine tag supplied by a pQE-9 vector to provide for purification of the mature polypeptide fused to the marker in the case of a bacterial host, or, for example, the marker sequence may be a hemagglutinin (HA) tag when a mammalian host, e.g. COS-7 cells, is used.
  • the HA tag corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein (Wilson, I., et al., Cell, 37:767 (1984)).
  • the present invention further relates to polynucleotides which hybridize to the hereinabove-described sequences if there is at least 50% and preferably 70% identity between the sequences.
  • the present invention particularly relates to polynucleotides which hybridize under stringent conditions to the hereinabove-described polynucleotides .
  • stringent conditions means hybridization will occur only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences.
  • the polynucleotides which hybridize to the hereinabove described polynucleotides in a preferred embodiment encode polypeptides which retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature polypeptide encoded by the cDNA of Figure 1 or the deposited cDNA.
  • the present invention further relates to a DNA Ligase III polypeptide which has the deduced amino acid sequence of Figure 1 or which has the amino acid sequence encoded by the deposited cDNA, as well as fragments, analogs and derivatives of such polypeptide.
  • fragment when referring to the polypeptide of Figure 1 or that encoded by the deposited cDNA, means a polypeptide which retains essentially the same biological function or activity as such polypeptide.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention may be a recombinant polypeptide, a natural polypeptide or a synthetic polypeptide, preferably a recombinant polypeptide.
  • the fragment, derivative or analog of the polypeptide of Figure 1 or that encoded by the deposited cDNA may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature polypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol) , or (iv) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the mature polypeptide, which is employed for purification of the mature polypeptide.
  • a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue preferably a conserved amino acid residue
  • substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code
  • one or more of the amino acid residues includes
  • polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are purified to homogeneity.
  • isolated means that the material is removed from its original environment (e.g., the natural environment if it is naturally occurring) .
  • a naturally- occurring polynucleotide or polypeptide present in a living animal is not isolated, but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide, separated from some or all of the coexisting materials in the natural system, is isolated.
  • Such polynucleotides could be part of a vector and/or such polynucleotides or polypeptides could be part of a composition, and still be isolated in that such vector or composition is not part of its natural environment.
  • the present invention also relates to vectors which include polynucleotides of the present invention, host cells which are genetically engineered with vectors of the invention and the production of polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques.
  • Host cells are genetically engineered (transduced or transformed or transfected) with the vectors of this invention which may be, for example, a cloning vector or an expression vector.
  • the vector may be, for example, in the form of a plasmid, a viral particle, a phage, etc.
  • the engineered host cells can be cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying the DNA Ligase III genes.
  • the culture conditions such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention may be employed for producing polypeptides by recombinant techniques.
  • the polynucleotide may be included in any one of a variety of expression vectors for expressing a polypeptide.
  • Such vectors include chromosomal, nonchromosomal and synthetic DNA sequences, e.g., derivatives of SV40; bacterial plasmids; phage DNA; baculovirus; yeast plasmids,- vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, viral DNA such as vaccinia, adenovirus, fowl pox virus, and pseudorabies.
  • any other vector may be used as long as it is replicable and viable in the host.
  • the appropriate DNA sequence may be inserted into the vector by a variety of procedures.
  • the DNA sequence is inserted into an appropriate restriction endonuclease site( ⁇ ) by procedures known in the art. Such procedures and others are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art.
  • the DNA sequence in the expression vector is operatively linked to an appropriate expression control sequence(s) (promoter) to direct mRNA synthesis.
  • promoter for example, LTR or SV40 promoter, the E. coli. lac or trp. the phage lambda P L promoter and other promoters known to control expression of genes in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells or their viruses.
  • the expression vector also contains a ribosome binding site for translation initiation and a transcription terminator.
  • the vector may also include appropriate sequences for amplifying expression.
  • the expression vectors preferably contain one or more selectable marker genes to provide a phenotypic trait for selection of transformed host cells such as dihydrofolate reductase or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture, or such as tetracycline or ampicillin resistance in E. coli.
  • the vector containing the appropriate DNA sequence as hereinabove described, as well as an appropriate promoter or control sequence, may be employed to transform an appropriate host to permit the host to express the protein.
  • bacterial cells such as E. coli. Streptomyces, Salmonella tvphimurium
  • fungal cells such as yeast
  • insect cells such as Drosophila and Sf9
  • animal cells such as CHO, COS or Bowes melanoma
  • plant cells etc.
  • the selection of an appropriate host is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
  • the present invention also includes recombinant constructs comprising one or more of the sequences as broadly described above.
  • the constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation.
  • the construct further comprises regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence.
  • a promoter operably linked to the sequence.
  • Bacterial pQE70, pQE60, pQE-9 (Qiagen) , pBS, pDIO, phagescript, psiX174, pbluescript SK, pbsk ⁇ , pNH8A, pNH16a, pNHl ⁇ A, pNH46A (Stratagene) ; ptrc99a, pKK223- 3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia).
  • Eukaryotic pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXTl, pSG (Stratagene) pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG, pSVL (Pharmacia) .
  • any other plasmid or vector may be used as long as they are replicable and viable in the host.
  • Promoter regions can be selected from any desired gene using CAT (chloramphenicol transferase) vectors or other vectors with selectable markers.
  • Two appropriate vectors are PKK232-8 and PCM7.
  • Particular named bacterial promoters include lad, lacZ, T3, T7, gpt, lambda P R , P L and trp.
  • Eukaryotic promoters include CMV immediate early, HSV thymidine kinase, early and late SV40, LTRs from retrovirus, and mouse metallothionein-I. Selection of the appropriate vector and promoter is well within the level of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the present invention relates to host cells containing the above-described constructs.
  • the host cell can be a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell, or the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell.
  • Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE- Dextran mediated transfection, or electroporation. (Davis, L. , Dibner, M. , Battey, I., Basic Methods in Molecular Biology, (1986) ) .
  • the constructs in host cells can be used in a conventional manner to produce the gene product encoded by the recombinant sequence.
  • the polypeptides of the invention can be synthetically produced by conventional peptide synthesizers. Mature proteins can be expressed in mammalian cells, yeast, bacteria, or other cells under the control of appropriate promoters. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs of the present invention. Appropriate cloning and expression vectors for use with prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts are described by Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about from 10 to 300 bp that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. Examples including the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin bp 100 to 270, a cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers.
  • recombinant expression vectors will include origins of replication and selectable markers permitting trinsformation of the host cell, e.g., the ampicillin resistance gene of E. coli and S. cerevisiae TRPl gene, and a promoter derived from a highly-expressed gene to direct transcription of a downstream structural sequence.
  • promoters can be derived from operons encoding glycolytic enzymes such as 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) , o;-factor, acid phosphatase, or heat shock proteins, among others.
  • the heterologous structural sequence is assembled in appropriate phase with translation initiation and termination sequences, and preferably, a leader sequence capable of directing secretion of translated protein into the periplasmic space or extracellular medium.
  • the heterologous sequence can encode a fusion protein including an N-terminal identification peptide imparting desired characteristics, e.g., stabilization or simplified purification of expressed recombinant product.
  • Useful expression vectors for bacterial use are constructed by inserting a structural DNA sequence encoding a desired protein together with suitable translation initiation and termination signals in operable reading phase with a functional promoter.
  • the vector will comprise one or more phenotypic selectable markers and an origin of replication to ensure maintenance of the vector and to, if desirable, provide amplification within the host.
  • Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E. coli. Bacillus subtilis. Salmonella tvphimurium and various species within the genera Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Staphylococcus, although others may also be employed as a matter of choice.
  • useful expression vectors for bacterial use can comprise a selectable marker and bacterial origin of replication derived from commercially available plasmids comprising genetic elements of the well known cloning vector pBR322 (ATCC 37017) .
  • cloning vector pBR322 ATCC 37017
  • Such commercial vectors include, for example, pKK223-3 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) and GEM1 (Promega Biotec, Madison, WI, USA) .
  • pBR322 "backbone" sections are combined with an appropriate promoter and the structural sequence to be expressed.
  • the selected promoter is induced by appropriate means (e.g., temperature shift or chemical induction) and cells are cultured for an additional period.
  • Cells are typically harvested by centrifugation, disrupted by physical or chemical means, and the resulting crude extract retained for further purification.
  • Microbial cells employed in expression of proteins can be disrupted by any convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical disruption, or use of cell lysing agents, such methods are well know to those skilled in the art.
  • mammalian cell culture systems can also be employed to express recombinant protein.
  • mammalian expression systems include the COS-7 lines of monkey kidney fibroblasts, described by Gluzman, Cell, 23:175 (1981) , and other cell lines capable of expressing a compatible vector, for example, the C127, 3T3, CHO, HeLa and BHK cell lines.
  • Mammalian expression vectors will comprise an origin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary ribosome binding sites, polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcriptional termination sequences, and 5' flanking nontranscribed sequences. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 splice, and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the required nontranscribed genetic elements.
  • the DNA Ligase III polypeptide can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Protein refolding steps can be used, as necessary, in completing configuration of the mature protein. Finally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • polypeptides of the present invention may be a naturally purified product, or a product of chemical synthetic procedures, or produced by recombinant techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host (for example, by bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells in culture) .
  • a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host for example, by bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells in culture
  • the polypeptides of the present invention may be glycosylated or may be non-glycosylated.
  • Polypeptides of the invention may also include an initial methionine amino acid residue.
  • DNA Ligase III polypeptides and agonists and antagonists which are polypeptides, described below, may be employed in accordance with the present invention by expression of such polypeptides in vivo, which is often referred to as "gene therapy.”
  • cells from a patient may be engineered with a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) encoding a polypeptide ex vivo, with the engineered cells then being provided to a patient to be treated with the polypeptide.
  • a polynucleotide DNA or RNA
  • cells may be engineered by procedures known in the art by use of a retroviral particle containing RNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention.
  • cells may be engineered in vivo for expression of a polypeptide in vivo by, for example, procedures known in the art.
  • a producer cell for producing a retroviral particle containing RNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention may be administered to a patient for engineering cells in vivo and expression of the polypeptide in vivo.
  • the expression vehicle for engineering cells may be other than a retrovirus, for example, an adenovirus which may be used to engineer cells in vivo after combination with a suitable delivery vehicle.
  • the DNA Ligase III polypeptide may be used to repair single-strand breaks in DNA which result from DNA-damaging agents, e.g., UV radiation.
  • DNA-damaging agents e.g., UV radiation.
  • Several human syndromes result from autosomal recessive inheritance for the DNA ligase gene. These syndromes cause severe immunodeficiency and greatly increases the susceptibility of abnormal cellular differentiation due to the disrepair of DNA while at the cellular level they are characterized by chromosome instability and hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. These syndromes include Fanconi's anemia and Blackfan-diamond anemia.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention may also be employed to treat severe immunosuppression which is the result of a defect in the DNA ligase III gene and stunted growth and lymphoma which results from defective rejoining of DNA.
  • the polynucleotide of the present invention is also useful for identifying other molecules which have similar biological activity.
  • An example of a screen for this is isolating the coding region of the DNA Ligase III gene by using the known DNA sequence to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. Labeled oligonucleotides having a sequence complementary to that of the gene of the present invention are used to screen a library of human cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of the library the probe hybridizes to.
  • the polypeptide and/or polynucleotide of the present invention may also be employed in relation to scientific research, synthesis of DNA and for the manufacture of DNA vectors.
  • the polypeptide and/or polynucleotide of the present invention may be sold into the research market.
  • DNA Ligase III may be used for ligation of DNA sequences in vi ⁇ r ⁇ in a manner similar to other DNA ligases of the art.
  • This invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which enhance (agonists) or block (antagonists) the DNA-joining reaction catalyzed by human DNA Ligase III .
  • An example of such method comprises combining ATP and DNA Ligase III and DNA having single-strand breaks with the compound under conditions where the DNA ligase would normally cleave ATP to AMP and the AMP is transferred to the 5' phosphate terminus of a single strand break in double- stranded DNA to generate a covalent DNA-AMP complex with the single strand break being subsequently repaired.
  • the DNA having the single-strand breaks may be supplied in the above example by mutant cells which are deficient in proteins that are responsible for strand break repair, for example mutant rodent cells deficient in XRCCl and the cdc9 S. Cerevisiae DNA ligase mutant.
  • mutant cells which are deficient in proteins that are responsible for strand break repair
  • mutant rodent cells deficient in XRCCl and the cdc9 S. Cerevisiae DNA ligase mutant The ability of the compound to enhance or block the catalysis of this reaction could then be measured to determine if the compound is an effective agonist or antagonist.
  • Human DNA Ligase III is produced and functions intra- cellulary, therefore, any antagonists must be intra-cellular.
  • Potential antagonists to human DNA Ligase III include antibodies which are produced intra-cellularly.
  • an antibody identified as antagonizing DNA Ligase III may be produced intra-cellularly as a single chain antibody by procedures known in the art, such as transforming the appropriate cells with DNA encoding the sigle chain antibody to prevent the function of human DNA Ligase III.
  • Another potential antagonist is an an isense construct prepared using antisense technology.
  • Antisense technology can be used to control gene expression through triple-helix formation or antisense DNA or RNA, both of which methods are ba ⁇ ed on binding of a polynucleotide to DNA or RNA.
  • the 5' coding portion of the polynucleotide sequence which encodes for the mature polypeptides of the present invention, is used to design an antisense RNA oligonucleotide of from about 10 to 40 base pairs in length.
  • a DNA oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to a region of the gene involved in transcription (triple helix - see Lee et al., Nucl.
  • the antisense RNA oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of the mRNA molecule into the DNA Ligase III (antisense - Okano, J. Neurochem., 56:560 (1991); Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988)).
  • the oligonucleotides described above can also be delivered to cells such that the antisense RNA or DNA may be expressed in vivo to inhibit production of DNA Ligase III.
  • Yet another potential antagonist includes a mutated form, or mutein, of DNA Ligase III which recognizes DNA but does not repair single-strand breaks and, therefore, acts to prevent human DNA Ligase III from functioning.
  • the antagonists may be employed to target undesired cells, e.g., cancer cells, since the prevention of DNA Ligase III prevents repair of single-strand breaks in DNA and will eventually result in death of the cell.
  • compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of the molecule and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a carrier includes but is not limited to saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • Associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present 96/14394 PCMJS94/12922 invention may be employed in conjunction with other therapeutic compounds.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in a convenient manner such as by the oral, topical, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal or intradermal routes.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are administered in an amount which is effective for treating and/or prophylaxis of the specific indication. In general, they are administered in an amount of at least about 10 ⁇ g/kg body weight and in most cases they will be administered in an amount not in excess of about 8 mg/Kg body weight per day. In most cases, the dosage is from about 10 ⁇ g/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight daily, taking into account the routes of administration, symptoms, etc.
  • Fragments of the full length Human DNA Ligase III gene may be used as a hybridization probe for a cDNA library to isolate the full length DNA Ligase III gene and to isolate other genes which have a high sequence similarity to the DNA Ligase III gene.
  • Probes of this type can be, for example, 30, 40, 50 75, 90, 100 or 150 bases. Preferably, however, the probes have between 30 and 50 base pairs.
  • the probe may also be used to identify a cDNA clone corresponding to a full length transcript and a genomic clone or clones that contain the complete gene including regulatory and promotor regions, exons, and introns.
  • the probe may be labelled, for example, by radioactivity to facilitate identification of hypbridization.
  • This invention also provides the use of the human DNA Ligase III gene as a diagnostic.
  • some diseases result from inherited defective genes. These genes can be detected by comparing the sequence of the defective gene with that of a normal one. That is, a mutant gene would be associated with hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and an elevated susceptibility to abnormal cell growth, for example tumors and cancer.
  • Individuals carrying mutations in the human DNA Ligase III gene may be detected at the DNA level by a variety of techniques. Nucleic acids used for diagnosis may be obtained from a patient's cells, such as from blood, urine, saliva, tissue biopsy and autopsy material. The genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by using PCR (Saiki et al .
  • RNA or cDNA may also be used for the same purpose. Deletions or insertions can be detected by a change in size of the amplified product in comparison to the normal genotype. Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing amplified DNA to radiolabeled DNA Ligase III RNA or alternatively, radiolabeled DNA Ligase III antisense DNA sequences. Perfectly matched sequences can be distinguished from mismatched duplexes by RNase A digestion or by differences in melting temperatures.
  • DNA sequence differences may be achieved by detection of alteration in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in gels with or without denaturing agents. Small sequence deletions and insertions can be visualized by high resolution gel electrophoresis. DNA fragments of different sequences may be distinguished on denaturing fornamide gradient gels in which the mobilities of different DNA fragments are retarded in the gel at different positions according to their specific melting or partial melting temperatures (see, e.g., Myers et al., Science, 230:1242 (1985)).
  • Sequence changes at specific locations may also be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase protection and SI protection or the chemical cleavage method (e.g., Cotton et al., PNAS, USA, 85:4397-4401 (1985)) .
  • the detection of a specific DNA sequence may be achieved by method such as hybridization, RNase protection, chemical cleavage, direct DNA sequencing, or the use of restriction enzymes, e.g., restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and Southern blotting of genomic DNA. Also, mutations may be detected by in situ analysis.
  • some diseases are a result of, or are characterized by, changes in gene expression which can be detected by changes in the mRNA.
  • the DNA Ligase III gene can be used as a reference to identify individuals expressing a decreased level of DNA Ligase III protein, e.g., by Northern blotting.
  • sequences of the present invention are also valuable for chromosome identification.
  • the sequence is specifically targeted to and can hybridize with a particular location on an individual human chromosome.
  • Few chromosome marking reagents based on actual sequence data (repeat polymorphisms) are presently available for marking chromosomal location.
  • the mapping of DNAs to chromosomes according to the present invention is an important first step in correlating those sequences with genes associated with disease.
  • sequences can be mapped to chromosomes by preparing PCR primers (preferably 15-25 bp) from the cDNA. Computer analysis of the cDNA is used to rapidly select primers that do not span more than one exon in the genomic DNA, thus complicating the amplification process. These primers are then used for PCR screening of somatic cell hybrids containing individual human chromosomes. Only those hybrids containing the human gene corresponding to the primer will yield an amplified fragment.
  • PCR mapping of somatic cell hybrids is a rapid procedure for assigning a particular DNA to a particular chromosome.
  • sublocalization can be achieved with panels of fragments from specific chromosomes or pools of large genomic clones in an analogous manner.
  • Other mapping strategies that can similarly be used to map to its chromosome include in situ hybridization, prescreening with labeled flow-sorted chromosomes and preselection by hybridization to construct chromosome specific-cDNA libraries.
  • Fluorescence in si tu hybridization (FISH) of a cDNA clone to a metaphase chromosomal spread can be used to provide a precise chromosomal location in one step.
  • This technique can be used with cDNA as short as 500 or 600 bases,* however, clones larger than 2,000 bp have a higher likelihood of binding to a unique chromosomal location with sufficient signal intensity for simple detection.
  • FISH requires use of the clones from which the EST was derived, and the longer the better. For example, 2,000 bp is good, 4,000 is better, and more than 4,000 is probably not necessary to get good results a reasonable percentage of the time.
  • Verma et al. Human Chromosomes: a Manual of Basic Techniques, Pergamon Press, New York (1988) .
  • a cDNA precisely localized to a chromosomal region associated with the disease could be one of between 50 and 500 potential causative genes. (This assumes l megabase mapping resolution and one gene per 20 kb) .
  • polypeptides, their fragments or other derivatives, or analogs thereof, or cells expressing them can be used as an immunogen to produce antibodies thereto.
  • These antibodies can be, for example, polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.
  • the present invention also includes chimeric, single chain, and humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, or the product of an Fab expression library. Various procedures known in the art may be used for the production of such antibodies and fragments.
  • Antibodies generated against the polypeptides corresponding to a sequence of the present invention can be obtained by direct injection of the polypeptides into an animal or by administering the polypeptides to an animal, preferably a nonhuman. The antibody so obtained will then bind the polypeptides itself. In this manner, even a sequence encoding only a fragment of the polypeptides can be used to generate antibodies binding the whole native polypeptides. Such antibodies can then be used to isolate the polypeptide from tissue expressing that polypeptide.
  • any technique which provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include the hybridoma technique (Kohler and Milstein, 1975, Nature, 256:495-497), the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72), and the EBV- hybridoma technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies (Cole, et al., 1985, in Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96) .
  • Plasmids are designated by a lower case p preceded and/or followed by capital letters and/or numbers.
  • the starting plasmids herein are either commercially available, publicly available on an unrestricted basis, or can be constructed from available plasmids in accord with published procedures.
  • equivalent plasmids to those described are known in the art and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • “Digestion” of DNA refers to catalytic cleavage of the DNA with a restriction enzyme that acts only at certain sequences in the DNA.
  • the various restriction enzymes used herein are commercially available and their reaction conditions, cofactors and other requirements were used as would be known to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • For analytical purposes typically 1 ⁇ g of plasmid or DNA fragment is used with about 2 units of enzyme in about 20 ⁇ l of buffer solution.
  • For the purpose of isolating DNA fragments for plasmid construction typically 5 to 50 ⁇ g of DNA are digested with 20 to 250 units of enzyme in a larger volume.
  • buffers and substrate amounts for particular restriction enzymes are specified by the manufacturer, incubation times of about l hour at 37"C are ordinarily used, but may vary in accordance with the supplier's instructions. After digestion the reaction is electrophoresed directly on a polyacrylamide gel to isolate the desired fragment.
  • Size separation of the cleaved fragments is performed using 8 percent polyacrylamide gel described by Goeddel, D. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 8:4057 (1980) .
  • Oligonucleotides refers to either a single stranded polydeoxynucleotide or two complementary polydeoxynucleotide strands which may be chemically synthesized. Such synthetic oligonucleotides have no 5' phosphate and thus will not ligate to another oligonucleotide without adding a phosphate with an ATP in the presence of a kinase. A synthetic oligonucleotide will ligate to a fragment that has not been dephosphorylated.
  • Ligase refers to the process of forming phosphodiester bonds between two double stranded nucleic acid fragments (Maniati ⁇ , T. , et al., Id., p. 146) . Unless otherwise provided, ligation may be accomplished using known buffers and conditions with 10 units of T4 DNA ligase ("ligase”) per 0.5 ⁇ g of approximately equimolar amounts of the DNA fragments to be ligated.
  • ligase T4 DNA ligase
  • the DNA sequence encoding DNA Ligase III, ATCC # 75880 is initially amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5' sequences of the processed DNA Ligase III protein.
  • the 5' oligonucleotide primer has the sequence 5' GCGGGATCCATGAGACTAATTCTTCCTCAG 3' contains a Bam HI restriction enzyme site (underlined) followed by 21 nucleotides of DNA Ligase III coding ⁇ equence ⁇ tarting from the presumed terminal amino acid of the processed protein codon.
  • the 3' sequence 5' GCGCTGCAGTTAAATCAAATACTGG'rri G 3' contains complementary sequences to a Pst I site (underlined) and is followed by 21 nucleotides of DNA Ligase III at C- terminal of DNA Ligase III.
  • the restriction enzyme site ⁇ correspond to the restriction enzyme site ⁇ on the bacterial expression vector pQE-9 (Qiagen, Inc. 9259 Eton Avenue, Chatsworth, CA, 91311) .
  • pQE-9 encodes antibiotic resistance (Amp r ) , a bacterial origin of replication (ori) , an IPTG- regulatable promoter operator (P/O) , a ribosome binding site (RBS) , a 6-His tag and restriction enzyme sites.
  • pQE-9 is then digested with Bam HI and Pst I.
  • the amplified sequences are ligated into pQE-9 and inserted in frame with the sequence encoding for the histidine tag and the RBS.
  • the ligation mixture is then used to transform E. coli strain Ml5/rep 4 available from Qiagen under the trademark Ml5/rep 4 by the procedure described in Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, (1989) .
  • M15/rep4 contains multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which expresses the lad repressor and also confers kanamycin resistance (Kan r ) .
  • Transformants are identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and ampicillin/kanamycin resistant colonies are selected. Plasmid DNA is isolated and confirmed by restriction analysis. Clones containing the desired constructs are grown overnight (0/N) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both Amp (100 ug/ml) and Kan (25 ug/ml) . The O/N culture is u ⁇ ed to inoculate a large culture at a ratio of 1:100 to 1:250. The cells are grown to an optical density 600 (O.D. 600 ) of between 0.4 and 0.6. IPTG (“Isopropyl-B-D-thiogalacto pyranoside”) is then added to a final concentration of 1 mM.
  • O.D. 600 optical density 600
  • IPTG induces by inactivating the la repressor, clearing the P/0 leading to increased gene expression.
  • Cells are grown an extra 3 to 4 hours. Cells are then harvested by centrifugation.
  • the cell pellet i ⁇ ⁇ olubilized in the chaotropic agent 6 Molar Guanidine HCl. After clarification, ⁇ olubilized protein extract is purified from this solution by chromatography on a Nickel-Chelate column under conditions that allow for tight binding by proteins containing the 6-His tag (Hochuli, E. et al., J.
  • the 5' primer has the sequence 5' GCGCCCGGGATGAGACTAATT CTTCTCCAG 3' and contains a Sma I restriction enzyme site (in bold) followed first by 21 nucleotides resembling an efficient signal for the initiation of tran ⁇ lation in eukaryotic cells (Kozak, M. , J. Mol. Biol., 196:947-950, (1987) ) (the initiation codon for tran ⁇ lation "ATG” i ⁇ underlined) .
  • the 3' primer ha ⁇ the sequence 5' G ⁇ GGTAC ITAAATCAAATACTGGTTTTC 3'and contains the cleavage ⁇ ite for the restriction endonuclease Asp 718 (in bold) and 21 nucleotides complementary to the C-terminal sequence of the DNA Ligase III gene.
  • the amplified sequences were isolated from a 1% agarose gel u ⁇ ing a commercially available kit ("Geneclean, " BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Ca.) .
  • the fragment wa ⁇ then dige ⁇ ted with the endonucleases Sma I and Asp 718 and then purified again on a 1% agarose gel. This fragment is designated F2.
  • the vector pRGl (modification of pVL941 vector, discussed below) i ⁇ used for the expres ⁇ ion of the DNA Ligase III protein using the baculovirus expression system (for review see: Summers, M.D. and Smith, G.E. 1987, A manual of methods for baculovirus vectors and insect cell culture procedures, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 1555) .
  • This expression vector contains the strong polyhedrin promoter of the Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) followed by the recognition site ⁇ for the restriction endonucleases Sma I and Asp 718.
  • the polyadenylation site of the simian virus (SV)40 i ⁇ used for efficient polyadenylation.
  • the beta-galactosidase gene from E.coli is inserted in the same orientation as the polyhedrin promoter followed by the polyadenylation signal of the polyhedrin gene.
  • the polyhedrin sequences are flanked at both side ⁇ by viral sequences for the cell-mediated homologous recombination of cotransfected wild-type viral DNA.
  • Many other baculovirus vectors could be used in place of pRGl such as pAc373, pVL941 and pAcIMl (Luckow, V.A. and Summers, M.D., Virology, 170:31-39).
  • the DNA is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel using the commercially available kit ("Geneclean" BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Ca.). This vector DNA is designated V2.
  • Fragment F2 and the dephosphorylated plasmid V2 were ligated with T4 DNA ligase.
  • E.coli HB101 cells are then transformed and bacteria identified that contained the plasmid (pBac DNA Ligase III) with the DNA Ligase III gene using the enzymes Sma I and Asp 718. The sequence of the cloned fragment is confirmed by DNA sequencing.
  • the plate is rocked back and forth to mix the newly added solution.
  • the plate is then incubated for 5 hours at 27°C.
  • the transfection solution is removed from the plate and 1 ml of Grace's insect medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum is added.
  • the plate i ⁇ put back into an incubator and cultivation continued at 27°C for four day ⁇ .
  • plaque assay After four days the supernatant is collected and a plaque assay performed similar as described by Summers and Smith (supra) . As a modification an agarose gel with "Blue Gal” (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg) i ⁇ u ⁇ ed which allows an easy isolation of blue stained plaques. (A detailed description of a "plaque assay” can also be found in the user's guide for insect cell culture and baculovirology distributed by Life praxis ⁇ Inc., Gaither ⁇ burg, page 9- 10) .
  • the cells are infected with the recombinant baculovirus V-DNA Ligase III at a multiplicity of infection (MOD of 2.
  • MOD multiplicity of infection
  • the medium i ⁇ removed and replaced with SF900 II medium minus methionine and cysteine (Life Technologies Inc., Gaither ⁇ burg).
  • 5 ⁇ Ci of 35 S-methionine and 5 ⁇ Ci 3S S cysteine (Amersham) are added.
  • the cells are further incubated for 16 hours before they are harvested by centrifugation and the labelled proteins visualized by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography.
  • Plasmid, DNA Ligase III HA is derived from a vector pcDNAI/Amp (Invitrogen) containing: 1) SV40 origin of replication, 2) at ⁇ picillin resistance gene, 3) E.coli replication origin, 4) CMV promoter followed by a polylinker region, a SV40 intron and polyadenylation site.
  • a DNA fragment encoding the entire DNA Ligase III precursor and a HA tag fused in frame to its 3' end was cloned into the polylinker region of the vector, therefore, the recombinant protein expression is directed under the CMV promoter.
  • the HA tag correspond to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein as previously described (I. Wilson, H.
  • HA tag Ni an, R. Heighten, A Cherenson, M. Connolly, and R. Lerner, Cell 37:767 (1984)).
  • the infusion of HA tag to our target protein allows easy detection of the recombinant protein with an antibody that recognizes the HA epitope.
  • the plasmid construction strategy is described as follows:
  • DNA sequence encoding DNA Ligase III is constructed by PCR on the original EST cloned u ⁇ ing two primer ⁇ : the 5' primer 5' GCGGAATTCATGAGACTAA'1'rCl'rCCTCAG 3' contain ⁇ an Eco RI site (underlined) followed by 21 nucleotides of DNA Ligase III coding sequence starting from the initiation codon; the 3' sequence 5'GCGCTCGAGTCAAGCGTAG TCTGGGACGTCGTATGGGTAAATCAAATACTGGTTTTGTTC 3' contains complementary sequences to an Xho I site (underlined) , translation stop codon, HA tag and the last 21 nucleotides of the DNA Ligase III coding sequence (not including the stop codon) .
  • the PCR product contain ⁇ an Eco RI ⁇ ite, DNA Liga ⁇ e III coding sequence followed by HA tag fused in frame, a translation termination stop codon next to the HA tag, and an Xho I site.
  • the PCR amplified DNA fragment and the vector, pcDNAI/Amp are digested with Eco RI and Xho I restriction enzyme and ligated.
  • the ligation mixture is transformed into E. coli strain SURE (available from Stratagene Cloning Systems, 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037) the transformed culture is plated on ampicillin media plates and resistant colonies are selected. Plasmid DNA is isolated from transformants and examined by restriction analysis for the presence of the correct fragment.
  • COS cells are transfected with the expression vector by DEAE- DEXTRAN method (J. Sambrook, E. Fritsch, T. Maniati ⁇ , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, (1989)) .
  • Cells are labelled for 8 hours with 35 S-cysteine two days post transfection.
  • Northern blot analy ⁇ i ⁇ may be performed to examine the levels of expre ⁇ ion of DNA Liga ⁇ e III in human tissues.
  • Total cellular RNA samples are isolated with RNAzolTM B system (Biotecx Laboratories, Inc. 6023 South Loop East, Houston, TX 77033) .
  • About 15 ⁇ g of total RNA isolated from each human tissue specified is separated on 1% agarose gel and blotted onto a nylon filter (Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Pres ⁇ , (1989)).
  • the labeling reaction i ⁇ done according to the Stratagene Prime- It kit with 50ng DNA fragment.
  • the labeled DNA i ⁇ purified with a Select-G-50 column (5 Prime - 3 Prime, Inc.
  • the filter containing the particular RNA blot is then hybridized with radioactive labeled full length DNA Ligase III gene at 1,000,000 cpm/ml in 0.5 M NaP0 4 , pH 7.4 and 7% SDS overnight at 65"C. After wash twice at room temperature and twice at 60"C with 0.5 x SSC, 0.1% SDS, the filter is then exposed at -70"C overnight with an intensifying screen.
  • the message RNA for DNA Ligase III is abundant in the thymus, testis and heart (see Figure 3) .
  • ADDRESSEE CARELLA, BYRNE, BAIN, GILFILLAN,
  • CTAGCTGCTA TTGCAGATAT TGAGCACATT GAGAAGGATA TGAAACATCA GAGTTTCTAC 1080
  • Ly ⁇ Leu Tyr lie Glu Leu Leu A ⁇ n Leu Pro Arg A ⁇ p Gly Ly ⁇ Asp
  • a ⁇ p Ala Gly Asp Phe Ala Met lie Ala Tyr Phe Val Leu Lys Pro
  • Leu Leu Asp Ser lie Ala Ser Asn Asn Ser Ala Lys Arg Ly ⁇ Asp
  • 455 460 465 lie Val Gly Gly Tyr Trp Gly Ly ⁇ Gly Ser Arg Gly Gly Met Met

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a pour objet un polypeptide, l'ADN-ligase III humaine et l'ADN (ARN) codant ce polypeptide, ainsi qu'une procédure de production dudit polypeptide au moyen de techniques de recombinaison; des procédés d'utilisaton du polypeptide par thérapie génique pour traiter les troubles associés à un défaut dans l'ADN-ligase III; des antagonistes dirigés contre lesdits polypeptides et leur utilisation comme agents thérapeutiques pour détruire des cellules indésirables; et enfin des techniques de diagnostic qui permettent de détecter des gènes mutants d'ADN-ligase III.
EP95902496A 1994-11-08 1994-11-08 Adn-ligase iii humaine Withdrawn EP0796320A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1994/012922 WO1996014394A1 (fr) 1994-11-08 1994-11-08 Adn-ligase iii humaine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0796320A1 true EP0796320A1 (fr) 1997-09-24
EP0796320A4 EP0796320A4 (fr) 1999-11-24

Family

ID=22243255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95902496A Withdrawn EP0796320A4 (fr) 1994-11-08 1994-11-08 Adn-ligase iii humaine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0796320A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10508484A (fr)
AU (1) AU687484B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996014394A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6455274B1 (en) * 1994-11-08 2002-09-24 Human Genome Sciences, Inc. Human DNA Ligase IV

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AUFFRAY C. ET AL.: "The Genexpress cDNA program." EMBL DATABASE ENTRY HSC0XA041; ACCESSION NUMBER Z42891, 6 November 1994 (1994-11-06), XP002114789 *
See also references of WO9614394A1 *
WEI Y. F. ET AL.: "Molecular cloning and expression of human cDNAs encoding a novel DNA ligase IV and DNA ligase III, an enzyme active in DNA repair and recombination." MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 15, no. 6, June 1995 (1995-06), pages 3206-3216, XP002065032 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10508484A (ja) 1998-08-25
WO1996014394A1 (fr) 1996-05-17
AU687484B2 (en) 1998-02-26
EP0796320A4 (fr) 1999-11-24
AU1174795A (en) 1996-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU708829B2 (en) Human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4
US6284504B1 (en) Human DNA ligase III
US6552174B2 (en) Human MutT2 antibodies
US6455274B1 (en) Human DNA Ligase IV
US6319700B1 (en) Human choline acetyltransferase
WO1995031537A9 (fr) OXALYL-CoA DECARBOXYLASE HUMAINE
AU687484B2 (en) Human dna ligase IV
US6063376A (en) Human deoxycytidine kinase 2
EP0814661A1 (fr) Enzymes 7, 8 et 9 de conjugaison d'ubiquitine
US5859200A (en) Human amine transporter
WO1996030524A1 (fr) Ligase iii d'adn humain
WO1996021736A1 (fr) Geranylgeranyle pyrophosphate synthetase humaine
US5914258A (en) Human deoxycytidine kinase 2
WO1996021724A1 (fr) Desoxycytidine kinase 2 humaine
US6255077B1 (en) Human DNA topoisomerase I α
US5945321A (en) Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes 7, 8 and 9
EP0815220A1 (fr) Transporteur d'amine humaine
CA2203651A1 (fr) Adn-ligase iv
WO1996015222A1 (fr) MutT2 HUMAIN
EP0788540A1 (fr) Abh humain
WO1995031538A1 (fr) Topoisomerase i-alpha d'adn d'origine humaine
WO1996015806A1 (fr) Choline-acetylase humaine
US20040156841A1 (en) Human amine transporter
EP0787013A1 (fr) Hypoxanthine-(guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase-2 humaine
JP2002204697A (ja) ヒトｄｎａリガーゼｉｖ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970604

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Free format text: 6C 12N 1/21 A, 6C 12N 5/10 B, 6C 12N 9/00 B, 6C 12N 15/52 B, 6C 12N 15/63 B, 6C 07K 16/40 B, 6G 01N 33/573 B, 6C 12Q 1/68 B, 6A 61K 38/53 B

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 19991008

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20030409

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20041209