EP0793758B1 - Process for damp-proofing masonry - Google Patents

Abstract

The waxy material is introduced into a channel which terminates with the masonry laterally and on the floor side in a fluid-tight manner and during the effect-activating time penetrates into the depth of the masonry by capillary force. The channel (1) is heatable and the waxy material is heated directly in it to temps. above the melting point. The side walls and/or the floor of the channel are heated with externally fitted heating elements (5). The channel is closed in a gastight manner by a cover (6) and is provided with a pressure compensation device (11).

Description

The invention relates to a method for sealing against moisture of masonry, especially for waterproofing Interior walls, using wax-like materials.

Under masonry in the sense of the present invention both building masonry, especially interior walls and floor surfaces, as well as containers such as water tanks, columns and To understand figures made of stone and the like, those made of natural stone or from synthetic building materials such as gas concrete blocks exist and have a capillary system.

It is often necessary to seal dampened masonry because the moisture penetrate into the adjacent interior and can cause moisture damage. This occurs especially in basements where the basement wall or the outside of the ground with groundwater, pressurized water or leachate comes into contact.

Often used to seal the masonry against moisture Outer wall seals preferred, because not only that Interior, but also the masonry itself from moisture damage be preserved. An outer wall seal is however not always possible, since the outer wall often touches one adjoining built-up area, for example in row houses, paved roads and the like, so that the outer wall is not accessible. Furthermore, should to be sealed basement walls to be excavated so to make the outer wall accessible, what with high costs connected is. This applies in particular to foundations or Basement floors.

It is therefore often necessary to seal the surface Inside wall. For this purpose it is known to be hydraulic to use setting cement based sealing slurries that for waterproofing with a plastic dispersion, for example an acrylic resin, are offset and in the slurry or Filling process to be applied to the wall to be sealed. With such sealing slurries, however, it turns out their lack of resistance to pressurized water and low durability as a disadvantage. Especially when the sealing slurry not form a vapor barrier at the same time, for water vapor are still permeable, the further makes itself low salt resistance, which leads to local detachment of the applied Sealing sludge from the masonry leads, disadvantageously noticeable. The removal of the applied sealing slurry will this causes the masonry at high salinity moisturizing water on the inside of the masonry Crystallize salts, because here the water mostly heated basements diffused. The crystallizing Salts blow up the sealing sludge which is only applied superficially from. Such sealing slurries are also due to the content of hydrophobic plastic only difficult to dispose of and not ecologically harmless.

Furthermore, it is for example from DE 35 35 654 A1 known to prevent rising damp Masonry with horizontal barriers made of hydrophobic material, such as for example, paraffin. To do this, go to treating wall at intervals from each other introduced from one side, into which, if necessary, after a Predrying, melted wax or an appropriate hydrophobic Potting compound is pressed under excess pressure. Sealing compound, Temperature and injection pressure are chosen so that the Pores of the masonry are sealed around the blind hole. However, the introduction of Blind holes in the masonry and thus its local destruction necessary. Especially in listed buildings or statues as well as walls, pillars and the like, where due to the given statics an introduction of Avoiding blind bores is only a non-destructive one The masonry can be sealed. Furthermore is a surface sealing of Walls, foundations and the like not feasible because this is a very high number of blind holes to be drilled and therefore a high workload and high costs are required would do.

Furthermore, from DE-PS 19 53 81 a method for Soaking walls and the like is known, which means liquid fats and oils carried out as impregnation liquids becomes. The impregnation liquid is heated in a The container is warmed up and piped in front of the moist one Wall formed cavity supplied. Thereby several lines arranged one above the other, with cooled in the cavity Grease flows back through the lower lines into the container, to be warmed up again. A pressurized water resistant Moisture sealing of masonry can by means of this method, however, not sufficiently safe be performed.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for waterproofing masonry, which non-destructive as well as ecologically harmless and with little Effort is feasible, which is a pressure water resistance of the sealed masonry guaranteed and in particular also for sealing large areas such as walls and the like is applicable.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the Capillary blockage-serving waxy substance superficially by means of a heatable carrier in direct contact with a large area of the masonry area to be sealed brought by heating the carrier to temperatures is heated above the melting point and so in the Capillary system of the masonry penetrates or that the waxy Substance in a support having a capillary system distributed over a large area and permanently on the surface to be sealed Masonry area is applied and by heat input before or after application to the masonry at temperatures is heated above the melting point and so in Capillary system of the wearer distributed.

By means of the method according to the invention, in one work step large areas of the masonry are non-destructive be sealed against moisture. For example the masonry of a basement wall or foundation across its entire height in a width of, for example one meter to temperatures above the melting point of the waxy substance and the waxy substance onto the preheated surface using a heatable support be applied. Due to the capillary forces of the masonry penetrates the liquid waxy substance, preferably over a few centimeters into the capillaries of the masonry until it freezes. This will the capillary system of the masonry becomes hydrophobic or blocked and protected from the ingress of moisture. After such Treating an area of the masonry can do that Procedures are performed on an adjacent area so that ultimately the entire area, for example, a basement inner wall can be sealed against moisture. The fact that the waxy substance in the capillary system of Masonry penetrates, is at the same time a high pressure water resistance and salt resistance of the waterproofing, which is also water vapor tight.

The depth of the moisture sealed area depends the capillary structure and the temperature of the masonry and the temperature and melting point of the waxy Fabric. A particularly good moisture seal is preserved when both the masonry and the waxy Substance to be heated above its melting temperature. Possibly can the inventive method also on a already treated masonry area can be repeated, so that the masonry over a greater depth, possibly over the entire cross section is sealed.

However, paraffin in particular can be used as a waxy substance also technical waxes as ecologically harmless substances be used.

Advantageously, the masonry before the application with the waxy substance at temperatures above 100 ° C, particularly preferably at about 120 ° C, predried, whereby a deeper penetration of the waxy substance into the masonry is made possible. Individual verticals can be used, for example Wall strips heated by a heater be, after reaching the target temperature of the masonry immediately afterwards an exposure to the waxy Fabric is made.

Advantageously, heating of the masonry is carried out in one Working step the humidity of the to the Masonry of adjacent room by increasing the room temperature, preferably to about 50 ° C, and / or by water-absorbing Agents such as silica gel reduced. This Process step can also take place over a longer period of time, for example over a few days, and so on the surface moisture and condensation are removed.

In a preferred method variant, the application takes place of the masonry with a waxy substance like this, that to the masonry one open to the masonry, laterally and liquid-tight at the bottom with the masonry heated gutter is attached and that the in the channel-like wax-like substance is melted. The channel can be open at the top. This is one ensures easy handling of the wax-like substance and a high exposure time of the same enables the masonry. In addition, the wax-like fabric can easily warmed to temperatures well above the melting point and be brought into direct contact with the masonry. The attachment the gutter can be made by a frame, the bottom or on a wall opposite the wall to be sealed Wall is supported. If necessary, the gutter also by fasteners such as Bolted connections are supported in the masonry be introduced. The gutter can be sealed by means of heat-resistant silicone seals made from appropriate commercially available mats of the geometry of the Gutter can be cut out adapted.

The gutter can cover almost the entire height of the wall to be sealed or over the entire width of the same extend so that large areas of the wall in one single work step can be sealed. It can the depth of the channel should be chosen so that the to be taken up by this Amount of the waxy substance of the absorption capacity the masonry is adapted. The shape of the gutter can be adapted to that of the masonry to be sealed, so that, for example, by means of semicircular channels also supporting pillars sealed against moisture in churches and the like can be.

The process can be carried out in such a way that melted Wax is introduced into the heatable channel, so that an early solidification of the introduced into the gutter waxy substance can be prevented. You can do it Heating elements directly in the melted wax-like material be introduced. However, the side walls are advantageous and / or the bottom of the gutter with the outside on the Gutter attached heating elements heated so that local overheating of the waxy substance can be avoided.

Is the gutter sealed gas-tight with a lid and with provided a pressure compensation device, so can in fixed Physical state of waxy substance introduced into the gutter melted in this and due to the gas-tight seal to temperatures slightly below the decomposition point be heated. This ensures a high level of occupational safety guaranteed as well as to the treated masonry adjacent room protected from vapors of the waxy substance. A lockable can be placed on the bottom of the channel Sequence can be arranged so that at the end of the process the waxy substance remaining in the channel before it solidifies can be easily removed from the gutter. The sequence can, for example via a pump, directly with be connected to a collecting container. Instead, too Liquid lifter can be used.

To support the penetration of the waxy substance into the masonry can also design the pressure compensation device be that, via a corresponding pressure generating device, An overpressure can be set in the interior of the channel is.

However, adequate sealing of the Masonry can be achieved if the melted wax-like Fabric is placed in a heated, open gutter. With appropriate masonry, you can use this method also horizontal barriers, d. H. a seal over the entire Depth of masonry can be achieved. Since gutters with this Opening cross sections in relation to the masonry in the area of some square meters can be used is a fast and effective sealing of the masonry possible.

In a further process variant, the waxy Fabric using wax-soaked, large-area flexible carrier materials be applied to the masonry. As flexible Carrier materials are in particular textile fabrics or Foams can be used advantageously. It can be enough be the wax-soaked flexible carrier material under manual To bring pressure into contact with the preheated masonry.

The penetration of the waxy substance is advantageous supported in the masonry that the flexible Carrier material by means of a large-scale stamp opposite the masonry is pressurized so that the waxy Pressurized fabric penetrates the masonry. Here pressures of a few bars can be achieved. The flexible Carrier material serves as a reservoir for the waxy Fabric, the layer thickness of the textile backing material the absorption capacity of the masonry for the waxy Fabric can be adjusted.

The penetration of the waxy substance into the capillary system the masonry is further supported in that the Stamp preferably above the melting temperature up to a maximum is heated to the decomposition temperature of the wax.

Is the stamp with a cuff on all sides opposite the Masonry sealed are both contact pressure and temperature of the wax can be varied over wide areas and at the same time a high level of occupational safety is guaranteed.

In a further advantageous process variant, the Masonry to be sealed with a waxy substance Provide wall covering and the applied Wall covering above the melting point of the waxy substance warmed up. As a result, the waxy substance is initially distributed in the capillary system of the wall covering, which already there is sufficient moisture sealing. With appropriate Temperature and exposure time can be waxy However, substance also in the capillary system of the adjacent Masonry penetrate, creating a deeper masonry waterproofing is achievable. Has been particularly advantageous it turned out that due to the distribution of the Wax in the wall covering to seal off the moisture Wall lower compared to the previously described method Temperatures are required. So when using Paraffin already warms up to 80 ° C instead of approx. 120 ° C is sufficient.

There can be one between the masonry and the wall covering waterproof sealing, for example by means of known hydraulic setting sealing slurry, on the masonry be applied. This can cause the wall covering to dry out be made possible, even if this directly on a still damp masonry is applied. Because the sealing slurry covered on the outside by a mechanically stable wall covering is at the same time a local loosening of the sealing slurry prevented due to the crystallization of salts.

The wall covering can be a porous insulation board, for example as calcium silicate plate, or as the waxy Plaster containing substance.

The wax-like material of the wall covering is advantageously used in their production in the form of beads or as Suspension added, which ensures an even distribution of Wax and easy manufacture of the wall covering allows are. The insulation boards can also be factory-made provided with the waxy substance by enamel impregnation be.

Fig. 1

eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mittels einer an dem abzudichtenden-Mauerwerk angeordneten oben offenen Rinne;

Fig. 2

eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mittels einer an dem abzudichtenden-Mauerwerk angeordneten verschließbaren Rinne;

Fig. 3

eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer weiteren Verfahrensvariante mittels wachsgetränkter, großflächiger flexibler Trägermaterialien und

Fig. 4

eine Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einer weiteren Variante mittels Dämmplatten (links) sowie eines Isolierputzes (rechts).

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below and illustrated by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a device for carrying out the method according to the invention by means of a channel open at the top on the masonry to be sealed;

Fig. 2

a device for performing the method according to the invention by means of a closable channel arranged on the masonry to be sealed;

Fig. 3

a device for carrying out a further process variant by means of wax-soaked, large-area flexible carrier materials and

Fig. 4

the procedure is carried out according to a further variant using insulation boards (left) and an insulating plaster (right).

The application of the wax-like substance on the one to be sealed Masonry can be done using the gutter 1 shown in FIG. 1. The open gutter 1, which is about 2 m long as well has a height of approx. 1 m to the wall to be sealed 2 open and opposite this with a heat-resistant Sealed existing silicone seal 3. The Channel 1 is through the linkage 4 on the bottom and rear supported and pressurized against the wall 2, so that the Channel 1 lies close to wall 2. The linkage 4 can also be designed as a lifting rod anchored in the ground, which enables easy height adjustment of the channel 1, and have a pivotable receptacle that the Channel pressurized against the wall.

The channel 1 has heating elements 5 on the bottom and rear, which are designed as a flexible heating coil, which is the simplest Case attachable to the gutter 1 by means of an adhesive tape is. This is a simple adjustment of the heated Area of the gutter 1 to the respective requirements enables.

The channel 1 is filled with paraffin 6, which is melted Condition is introduced into the channel 1 or also can only be melted in this. Because the Channel 1 is open at the top, the channel is easy to fill and the process based on the fill level of the gutter follow. The melted paraffin 6, which with the sealing wall 2 comes into contact, penetrates due to of capillary forces in the capillary system of the masonry , displaces moisture in the masonry and makes it hydrophobic or clogged the capillaries of the masonry, see above that this is impermeable to water and that of the masonry adjacent room is protected from moisture.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the trough is 1 additionally provided with a lockable lid 7 which is sealed against the wall 2 by means of the seal 3. The paraffin 6 located in the channel 1 can thus reach temperatures be heated well above the melting point without that the room adjacent to wall 2 through paraffin fumes is applied.

Furthermore, the channel 1 has a drain 8 on the bottom provided, which can be closed by means of a valve 9, so that in channel 1 after the end of the procedure liquid paraffin located through the drain 8 easy can be removed. The fact that the cover 7 by means of a Lock 10 lockable and the gutter with a pressure equalization 11 is provided, that located in the channel 1 liquid paraffin 6 by a, not shown, to the Pressure equalization 11 connectable pressure generating device provided with a slight overpressure and so its penetration into the capillary system of the masonry are supported. If necessary the masonry can also be predried will.

When carrying out the method according to the invention a gutter according to the embodiments shown above both large-scale waterproofing of walls at a depth of a few centimeters as well as a simple and non-destructive Formation of horizontal barriers against ascending Wetness possible, where the sealed masonry area extends over the entire wall cross-section. Means semicircular channels can also be easily, for example Round columns in churches, etc. are sealed.

In a further variant, the method can be carried out in this way be that the paraffin on the masonry to be sealed (possibly after lowering the room and wall humidity and predrying) using paraffin-impregnated large-area flexible Carrier materials such as textile fabrics applied becomes.

This can result in the paraffin being introduced into the masonry done that a paraffin-soaked mat of a flexible Backing material such as a cotton or plastic fabric 12 applied extensively to the masonry 13 will (Fig. 3). Here the paraffin is melted and penetrates into the capillary system of the masonry. By the Carrier material is prevented from being melted Paraffin runs down the warmed wall. The fabric mat 12 is a hydraulically operated stamp 14 pressed against the masonry 13, causing close contact guaranteed to the masonry 13 and a due to the pressure deeper penetration of the paraffin into the capillary system of the Masonry is possible. The stamp 14 is furthermore provided with heating elements 15 so that premature solidification of the paraffin is prevented, the stamp 14 is surrounded by an elastically deformable sleeve 16, which is sealing against the masonry and when pressurized the fabric mat 12 by the stamp 14 elastic is deformed so that the stamp 14 is always on the fabric mat 12 is present. Due to the capillary system of the fabric mat 12 it is ensured that melted on vertical walls Paraffin applied evenly over the height of the masonry and not just in the lower area of the fabric mat 11 there is sufficient sealing.

It goes without saying that also with masonry waterproofing predrying by means of the channel shown in FIG. 1 the masonry and the adjoining room. You can also use the to perform the method suitable devices according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the heating elements 5 and 15 can be made adjustable and on the gutter 1 or the stamp 14 temperature sensor attached to a to ensure adequate procedural control.

In a further variant of the method (see FIG. 4 on the left) insulation panels 17 are attached to the wall to be sealed, which are provided with the waxy substance. For example calcium silicate boards can be used as insulation boards, in which paraffin is embedded in the form of beads. The However, insulation boards can also because of their porous structure be soaked with melted paraffin. The insulation boards have sufficient strength so that this means Nails, dowels and the like can be attached to the wall 18 are. However, the insulation boards can also be or gypsum plaster to be attached to the wall, which already Adequate moisture sealing of the interior can be achieved is. The insulation panels 17 fastened to the wall 18 can also be subsequently heat treated, whereby the paraffin melts and penetrates the masonry. At such an implementation of the method is advantageous wall 18 previously predried as described above.

In Fig. 4 (right) is a sealed against moisture Masonry shown, that with a paraffin beads Plaster 19 is covered, with well-known cement or gypsum plasters can be used. The one applied in the usual way Plaster 19 is also at temperatures above the melting temperature of the paraffin is heated so that the paraffin is evenly distributed in the plaster. There is between plaster 19 and wall 18 a sealing layer 20 made of sealing slurry moved in so that the plaster comes out of the masonry penetrating moisture is protected and from its heating can dry out. This creates the risk of cracking of the plaster as well as the drying temperature of the plaster reduced a process variant without a sealing layer.

Process for waterproofing masonry Reference list

1

Gutter

2nd

wall

3rd

poetry

4th

Linkage

5

Heating element

6

paraffin

7

cover

8th

procedure

9

Valve

10th

Closure

11

Pressure equalization

12th

Fabric mat

13

Masonry

14

stamp

15

Heating element

16

cuff

17th

Insulation board

18th

wall

19th

Plaster

20th

Sealing layer

Claims (24)

1. Process for the pressure water-resistant damp-proofing of masonry, in particular for the surface sealing of interior walls, by means of solid waxy substances, the waxy substance penetrating the area to be damp-proofed by being heated during a reaction time and utilising capillary forces, characterised in that the waxy substance is brought into contact with the surface of a large area of the masonry to be sealed (2, 13, 18) by means of a heatable carrier (1, 12, 17), heated to temperatures above the melting point by heating the carrier (1, 12, 17), and thus penetrates the capillary system of the masonry (2, 13),
   or
   that the waxy substance, distributed in a heatable carrier (17, 19) displaying a capillary system, is permanently applied to a large area of the masonry to be sealed (18), heated to temperatures above the melting point before or after application to the masonry (18), and thus spreads through the capillary system of the carrier (17, 19).
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the masonry (2, 13) is predryed at temperatures above 100 °C before application of the waxy substance.
3. Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that the humidity of the room adjoining the masonry (2, 13) is reduced before predrying the masonry (2, 13) by increasing the room temperature and/or by means of water-absorbent agents.
4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a heatable channel (1) is applied to the masonry (2), which is open towards the masonry (2) and whose sides and bottom are sealed against the masonry (2) in a liquid-tight manner, and that the waxy substance introduced into the channel (1) is melted.
5. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that the channel (1) is sealed by a cover (7) in a gas-tight manner and provided with a pressure compensation device (11).
6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the surface of the masonry is provided with a wall covering containing the waxy substance and that the wall covering applied is heated to above the melting point of the waxy substance.
7. Process according to Claim 6, characterised in that a water-tight sealing layer (20) is applied to the masonry (18) between the masonry (18) and the wall covering.
8. Process according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the wall covering consists of porous insulating boards (17) or plaster (19).
9. Process according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the waxy substance is added to the wall covering in the form of beads or as a suspension during its manufacture.
10. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the waxy substance is applied to the masonry by means of wax-impregnated, large-area, flexible carrier materials (12).
11. Process according to Claim 10, characterised in that the flexible carrier material (woven matting 12) is pressurised against the masonry (13) by means of a large-area ram (14).
12. Process according to Claim 11, characterised in that the ram (14) is heated.
13. Process according to Claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the ram (14) is sealed against the masonry (13) by a collar (15) on all sides.
14. Device for the pressure water-resistant damp-proofing of masonry, in particular for the surface sealing of interior walls by means of solid waxy substances, the waxy substance penetrating the area to be damp-proofed by being heated during a reaction time and utilising capillary forces, characterised in that a heatable carrier (1, 12, 17) is provided for the waxy substance, by means of which the waxy substance can be applied to a large area of the section of masonry (2, 13, 18) to be damp-proofed,
    and that the waxy substance brought into direct contact with the masonry by means of the carrier (1, 12, 17) can be heated to temperatures above its melting point, so that it penetrates the capillary system of the masonry (2, 13, 18),
    or
    that the heatable carrier displays a capillary system and the waxy substance is distributed in the carrier, that the carrier can be permanently connected to the masonry and that the waxy substance can be distributed in the capillary system of the carrier by heating.
15. Device according to Claim 14, characterised in that the carrier is designed as a heatable channel (1) and the waxy substance can be directly heated in the channel (1) to temperatures above its melting point.
16. Device according to Claim 15, characterised in that external heating elements (5) are fastened to the side walls and/or bottom of the channel (1).
17. Device according to Claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the channel (1) can be closed in a gas-tight manner by a cover (7) and is provided with a pressure compensation device (11).
18. Device according to Claim 14, characterised in that the carrier for applying the waxy substance to the masonry is designed as a wall covering which contains a waxy substance and can be applied to the surface of the masonry, and that the wall covering applied can be heated to above the melting point of the waxy substance.
19. Device according to Claim 18, characterised in that the wall covering consists of porous insulating boards (17) or plaster (19).
20. Device according to Claim 18 or 19, characterised in that the waxy substance is incorporated in the form of beads or as a suspension.
21. Device according to Claim 14, characterised in that the carrier for applying the waxy substance to the masonry is designed as a wax-impregnated, large-area, flexible carrier material (12).
22. Device according to Claim 21, characterised in that a large-area ram (14) is provided, by means of which the waxy substance applied to the masonry (13) or the flexible carrier material (12) is pressurised.
23. Device according to Claim 22, characterised in that the ram (14) is heatable.
24. Device according to Claim 22 or 23, characterised in that the ram (14) is sealed against the masonry (13) by a collar (15) on all sides.

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