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EP0757172A2 - Moteur à combustion interne sur lequel est fixé un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration et méthode pour fixer un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration à un tel moteur - Google Patents

Moteur à combustion interne sur lequel est fixé un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration et méthode pour fixer un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration à un tel moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757172A2
EP0757172A2 EP96106971A EP96106971A EP0757172A2 EP 0757172 A2 EP0757172 A2 EP 0757172A2 EP 96106971 A EP96106971 A EP 96106971A EP 96106971 A EP96106971 A EP 96106971A EP 0757172 A2 EP0757172 A2 EP 0757172A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
holding
holding element
suction module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96106971A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0757172A3 (fr
EP0757172B1 (fr
Inventor
Udo Dipl.-Ing. Hafner
Walter Lorch
Eckhard Dipl.-Ing. Bodenhausen
Hans-Dieter Dipl.-Ing. Siems
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Gregorius
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Haarer
Albert Staacke
Uwe Schopper
Bernd Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0757172A2 publication Critical patent/EP0757172A2/fr
Publication of EP0757172A3 publication Critical patent/EP0757172A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0757172B1 publication Critical patent/EP0757172B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
    • F02M35/10078—Connections of intake systems to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
    • F02M35/10111—Substantially V-, C- or U-shaped ducts in direction of the flow path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10373—Sensors for intake systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/08—Thermoplastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an intake module or intake manifold attached to the internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 or a method for attaching an intake module to an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • a fastening means holds the suction pipe or the suction module in a holding direction against the internal combustion engine.
  • the fastening means comprises a plurality of fastening screws with which the suction pipe is held against the internal combustion engine, in particular against a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the screw heads of the fastening screws must be accessible for a suitable turning tool.
  • the cylinder head closes off a crankcase or a cylinder tube of the internal combustion engine and accommodates gas exchange elements, for example.
  • a cylinder head is usually used for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • suction module In modern internal combustion engines, an increasing number of other components are connected to the intake manifold. These components are, for example, a throttle device, a control unit, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an injection valve, a fuel distributor, an ignition coil, a tank ventilation valve, as well as other actuators, sensors, cables, hoses, etc. be provided.
  • the suction pipe together with the attached or integrated components is often referred to as a so-called suction module.
  • the suction module Since a not inconsiderable number of different components are attached to the suction pipe of the suction module, the suction module is often relatively bulky, which makes access to the fastening screws more difficult. It is often necessary to first screw the intake manifold to the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine using the fastening screws before the other components can be attached to the intake manifold. As a result, it is not possible to keep the suction module with all its components fully assembled ready for attachment to the internal combustion engine. It is also hardly possible to test the complete suction module before mounting it on the internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention with the attached suction module or intake manifold with the characterizing features of claim 1 or the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 15 offers the essential advantage that the fastening means holding the intake manifold or the suction module on the internal combustion engine with the Holding element can be designed so that the intake manifold can be easily attached to the internal combustion engine or removed from the internal combustion engine, preferably together with all components or together with essential components of the intake module, even in spatially difficult installation conditions.
  • the fastening means with the at least one holding element can advantageously be designed very simply in such a way that unintentional loosening is not possible.
  • the at least one holding element is supported on a plurality of holding surfaces (internal combustion engine holding surfaces) and / or on a plurality of counter-holding surfaces (suction module holding surfaces), this results in a distribution of the force to be transmitted between the suction module and the internal combustion engine and thus for an improved advantageous fastening of the suction module or the Intake pipe on the internal combustion engine.
  • the holding element is designed as an elastically deformable element, then a reliable, advantageous fastening of the suction module or the suction pipe to the internal combustion engine is obtained even with dimensional tolerances that are within the usual range.
  • the fastening means can be produced particularly easily, and there is advantageously a particularly secure connection between the suction module or suction pipe and the internal combustion engine.
  • the fastening means is designed such that the holding element is coupled to the internal combustion engine or to the intake module or intake manifold even before the intake module or intake manifold is connected to the internal combustion engine or even if the intake module or intake manifold is removed from the internal combustion engine , then this offers the advantage that the holding element cannot be lost. If the holding element is attached to the suction module or suction pipe, then this offers the additional advantage that the holding element can form a pre-assembly module together with the suction module or suction pipe and the other components.
  • the manufacture of the internal combustion engine or the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is simplified if the holding surface (internal combustion engine holding surface) is attached to a stop piece connected to the internal combustion engine (Internal combustion engine stop piece) is provided.
  • the counter holding surface suction module holding surface
  • suction module stop piece suction module stop piece connected to the suction module or suction pipe.
  • a particularly simple manufacture is also achieved if the stop piece or the counter stop piece is realized in the form of a bolt or stud.
  • the bevel on the internal combustion engine or on the cylinder head and / or on the intake module or intake manifold and / or on the holding element has the advantage that the spring force or a preload can be generated by a simple displacement of the holding element.
  • 1 to 28 show differently designed, particularly advantageous, selected exemplary embodiments in an overview or details of different exemplary embodiments or sections of the internal combustion engine or the cylinder head with an attached suction module or intake manifold.
  • the internal combustion engine is, for example, an engine to which air or a fuel-air mixture is supplied via an intake manifold.
  • the suction pipe can be assembled together with various other components to form a so-called suction module.
  • the other components can e.g. B. parts required for gasoline injection, as well as various actuators, sensors, cables and hoses.
  • the components can in particular be a Throttle valve of a throttle device, a control unit, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an injection valve, a fuel distributor, an ignition coil, a tank ventilation valve, etc. act. Depending on the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, these components are available in the required number.
  • the combination of the intake manifold with the various components to form a suction module offers the advantage that the suction module can be completely prepared and, if necessary, checked before it is passed on to the internal combustion engine for assembly.
  • the area of the internal combustion engine to which the suction module is normally attached is often referred to as the cylinder head.
  • a suction module is attached to the internal combustion engine, the suction module having an intake manifold that is supported on the internal combustion engine.
  • the suction module is supported on the internal combustion engine not via the suction pipe, but rather via another suitable component.
  • the invention can also be used advantageously if it is not a suction module, but instead an intake pipe that is to be attached to the internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of a section of a cylinder head 2 of an internal combustion engine 4.
  • Figure 1 also shows a suction module 6.
  • the suction module 6 comprises a suction pipe 8.
  • the suction module 6 is fastened to the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4 with the aid of a fastening means 10.
  • a flange surface 16 is provided on the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4, and there is a flange surface 18 on the intake manifold 8 of the intake module 6.
  • the two flange surfaces 16, 18 are in mutual contact with pre-tension.
  • a recess 20 is provided in the area of the flange 12.
  • the projection 22 engages with the recess 20 in such a way that a guide 24 is formed which prevents the suction module 6 from being parallel to the flange surfaces 16 relative to the internal combustion engine 4. 18 can move.
  • the guide 24 only allows the suction module 6 to move relative to the internal combustion engine 4 perpendicular to the flange surfaces 16, 18. This direction is shown in the drawing by an arrow with the reference symbol 30 and is referred to below as the holding direction 30.
  • the recess 20 and the projection 22 are not absolutely necessary.
  • the guide 24 can also be dispensed with.
  • the flange surfaces 16 and 18 can also be arranged such that flat surfaces are formed together with the flanges 12 and 14, respectively. Possibly.
  • a fixing pin can be provided, which ensures centering during the assembly of the suction module 6 to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • a suction channel 26 runs through the suction pipe 8.
  • the suction channel 26 runs through the flange surfaces 16, 18 and continues beyond it in the cylinder head 2.
  • a seal 28 is provided in the area of the flange surfaces 16, 18. The seal 28 surrounds the suction channel 26 and seals the suction channel 26 from the outside.
  • the fastening means 10 holds the suction module 6 in the direction of the arrow 30, i.e. H. in the holding direction 30 against the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the fastening means 10 comprises a holding surface 32, a holding element 33 and a counter-holding surface 34.
  • a further holding surface 32, another holding element 33 and a further counter-holding surface 34 On the opposite side of the suction channel 26 there is a further holding surface 32, another holding element 33 and a further counter-holding surface 34.
  • This Parts are also components of the fastening means 10.
  • the holding surface 32 is usually referred to below as the engine holding surface 32 and the counter holding surface 34 as the suction module holding surface 34.
  • the engine holding surface 32 is located directly on the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the invention can also be designed such that the engine holding surface 32 is indirectly connected to the internal combustion engine 2 with corresponding intermediate pieces.
  • the suction module holding surface 34 is located directly on the suction module 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of the view shown in FIG. 1. For the sake of clarity, a different scale was chosen for FIG. 2.
  • the holding element 33 is an elongated structure, the U-shaped cross section of which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the cross section of the holding element 33 can also be referred to as a clamp.
  • the cross section of the holding element 33 can be roughly divided into a lower leg 33a, a bridge 33b and an upper leg 33c.
  • the end of the leg 33c facing away from the bridge 33b is shaped in this way and the flange 14 of the suction module 16 is designed in this area in such a way that a fuse 36 is formed here (FIG. 2).
  • To form the fuse 36 there is a holding edge 37a running perpendicular to the image plane shown in FIG. 1 on the suction module 6 and a holding lug 38a extending perpendicularly to the image plane on the holding element 33.
  • the holding edge 37a and the holding lug 38a, which form the securing means 36, are coordinated with one another in such a way that the holding element 33 cannot slide off the engine holding surface 32 and the suction module holding surface 34, but also when exposed to extreme vibrations, it is ensured that the suction module 6 is held securely in the holding direction 30 against the internal combustion engine 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of the long side of the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in front view.
  • FIG. 3 shows the internal combustion engine 4 with the attached suction module 6 in the direction of the arrow III.
  • FIG. 3 shows the holding element 33 and another coherent holding element 33z. It can be seen that the holding element 33z is an elongated strip.
  • the cross section of the coherent holding element 33z essentially corresponds to the cross section of the holding element 33, except for the differences mentioned, so that the figures showing the holding element in cross section in the drawing apply both to the holding element 33 and to the coherent holding element 33z.
  • the holding element 33z is divided in its longitudinal direction into an area with the leg 33a, the bridge 33b and the leg 33c, into an area with a leg 33a ', a bridge 33b' and a leg 33c 'and into an area with leg 33a' ', Bridge 33b' 'and leg 33c' '.
  • the holding element 33z there is a transition region 33d between the bridge 33b and the bridge 33b '.
  • a transition region 33d ' between the bridges 33b' and 33b ''.
  • the legs are interrupted at the transition regions 33d, 33d '.
  • the cross section of the continuous holding element 33z in the region of the legs is the same as the cross section of the holding element 33 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 3 there is an arrow with the reference number 40 and shown with broken lines.
  • the direction of this arrow 40 is referred to below as the closing direction 40.
  • FIG. 3 shows the holding element 33 and the holding element 33z in the fully assembled state. If the holding elements 33 and 33z are moved against the arrow 40, then the fixed mechanical connection between the suction module opens 6 and the internal combustion engine 4. When the holding elements 33 and 33z are moved in the closing direction 40 symbolized by the arrow, the suction module 6 is pressed mechanically firmly in the holding direction 30 against the internal combustion engine 4 (arrow 30 in FIGS. 1 and 3).
  • the suction module 6 includes the intake manifold 8, four injectors 42, 42 ', 42' ', 42' ', a fuel distributor 44, an electrical contact strip 46, a throttle valve 48 shown in dashed lines, one Actuator 50, an air filter connection 52, an electrical control device 53, a plug connection 54, a plug connection 55, an ignition distributor 56, and two sensors 57, 58 and a plug connection 59.
  • the suction module 6 also includes various other parts and wiring harnesses, but the are not depicted in the drawing for clarity.
  • suction pipe 8 together with the parts 42 to 59 form a complete structural unit.
  • This unit is referred to as suction module 6.
  • the parts 42 to 59 are screwed, clipped, molded onto the suction pipe 8 or are produced together with the suction pipe 8 in a joint injection molding process.
  • the suction module 6 contains a not inconsiderable number of components, the suction module 6 is relatively bulky. Because the fastening means 10, which holds the suction module 6 on the internal combustion engine 4, according to the present invention, at least at the points where otherwise the accessibility for tightening or loosening a fastening screw would be problematic, does not comprise a fastening screw which is attached to the internal combustion engine during the mounting of the suction module 6 4 would have to be tightened or solved in the event of a possible disassembly, needs 6 when designing the shape of the suction module Intake pipe 8 no consideration of the accessibility of any mounting screws.
  • FIG. 4 shows an excerpt from a further advantageous exemplary embodiment modified compared to FIG. 1 in an exemplary form with a changed scale.
  • the parts not shown in Figure 4 correspond to the parts shown in Figure 1.
  • the fuse 36 essentially consists of a pin 62 firmly anchored in the flange 14 of the suction module 6 and of a securing slot 64 provided in the leg 33c of the holding element 33.
  • the flange 14 is made of plastic, for example, FIG the plastic is poured into a sleeve 63 in which the pin 62 is anchored. On the sleeve 63 can also be dispensed with and the pin 62 can, for. B. be molded directly onto the intake manifold 8.
  • the pin 62 has a shaft 62a and a head 62b.
  • the securing slot 64 is an elongated hole and, together with the head 62b of the pin 62, is dimensioned such that the holding element 33 or 33z is and remains coupled to the suction module 6 even when the suction module 6 is removed from the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the head 62b ensures that the holding element 33 or 33z cannot fall off the suction module 6.
  • the securing slot 64 is so long that the holding element 33 can be displaced in the closing direction 40 (FIG. 3) or against the closing direction 40 to the required extent.
  • the at least one holding surface 32 can be provided, for example, directly on the internal combustion engine 4 or on the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine (FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • the engine holding surface 32 can also be provided on a stop piece 66 connected to the engine 4, also referred to as an engine stop piece 66.
  • the internal combustion engine stop piece 66 is, for example, firmly screwed to the cylinder head 2 with one or more screws 68. Since the engine stop piece 66 can be screwed onto the cylinder head 2 before the suction module 6 is connected to the internal combustion engine 4, there is unhindered access for screwing in the screw 68.
  • the counter-holding surface 34 also referred to as the suction module holding surface 34, which is acted upon by the leg 33c of the holding element 33 in the holding direction 30, is located directly on the suction pipe 8, which, for. B. consists of a single piece of molded plastic.
  • a separate counter stop piece 70 can be attached to the suction pipe 8 of the suction module 6.
  • the counter stop piece 70 is usually referred to below as a suction module stop piece 70 in order to support the mental assignment.
  • the flange 14 of the suction module 6 ensures that the suction module stop piece 70 cannot dodge in the direction of the internal combustion engine 4. So that the suction module stop piece 70 cannot fall off the suction module 6 before the suction module 6 is installed on the internal combustion engine 4, the suction module stop piece 70 is glued to the suction pipe 8, for example, or secured by a retaining ring (not shown).
  • the counter holding surface 34 or suction module holding surface 34 is located in FIG. 5 on the counter stop piece 70 or suction module stop piece 70
  • FIG. 6 shows the stop piece 66 or internal combustion engine stop piece 66 in an exemplary preferred form with a changed scale as a single part.
  • FIG. 6 shows, four cams 72, 72 ′, 72 ′′, 72 ′′ ′′ are formed on a longitudinal part 74 in the internal combustion engine stop piece 66.
  • the longitudinal part 74 has a longitudinal side 74a, with which the internal combustion engine stop piece 66 bears against the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4 in the assembled state.
  • a projection 74b In the longitudinal direction on the longitudinal part 74 there is a projection 74b.
  • the projection 74b serves to enlarge the longitudinal side 74a, so that the engine stop piece 66 is connected to the engine 4 on as large a surface as possible.
  • the projection 74b is not present in the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • a projection 78 can also be seen on the cam 72. The meaning of the projection 78 is explained below with reference to FIG. 7a.
  • FIG. 7 a shows a section of the internal combustion engine stop piece 66.
  • FIG. 7a For a better understanding and in order to be able to recognize individual contours particularly clearly, a sectional plane is selected in FIG. 7a so that the cam 72 is shown in section.
  • the section plane also runs through the leg 33a of the holding element 33 or 33z.
  • the section through the leg 33a is inserted in FIG. 7a.
  • a dashed arrow can be seen in FIG. 7 a, which symbolizes the closing direction 40 in which the holding element 33 must be moved in order to establish the fixed mechanical connection between the suction module 6 and the internal combustion engine 4. To release this connection, the holding element 33 is moved against the closing direction 40.
  • the holding surface 32 or internal combustion engine holding surface 32 On the underside (with reference to FIG. 7a) of the cam 7 of the internal combustion engine stop piece 66 is the holding surface 32 or internal combustion engine holding surface 32.
  • a stepped slope 76 On the side of the cam 72, from which the leg 33a comes when the holding element 33 moves in the closing direction 40 a stepped slope 76.
  • the slope 76 can be divided into a slope 76a and a slope 76b.
  • the slope 76a is relatively steep so that during the assembly process, i. H. when the holding element 33 is actuated in the closing direction 40, the suction module 6 is moved rapidly against the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the second slope 76b is relatively flat, so that the holding element 33 does not have to be actuated with excessive force in the closing direction 40 when the prestressing or spring force is desired.
  • FIG. 7a the leg 33a of the holding element 33 is shown with solid lines in the position in which it is located during assembly.
  • the leg 33a of the holding element 33 is shown again with broken lines in the position in which it is in the fully assembled state.
  • the projection 78 is provided at the transition between the bevel 76 and the engine holding surface 32.
  • the projection 78 acts as a safety device 78a which, when fully assembled, ensures that the holding element 33 or 33z cannot move unintentionally against the closing direction 40 even under the action of large vibratory stresses. This ensures in a simple manner that the suction module 6 remains firmly and permanently connected to the internal combustion engine 4 without complex security measures.
  • the engine holding surface 32 is located on the cam 72.
  • the cam 72 is indirectly assigned to the cylinder head 2 of the engine 4 via the engine stop piece 66. According to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is just as well possible to dispense with the engine stop piece 66 and to provide the cam 72 with the engine holding surface 32 directly on the cylinder head 2 or on the engine 4.
  • the bevel 76 is connected to the internal combustion engine holding surface 32, which is connected to the internal combustion engine 4 and essentially faces in the direction of the holding direction 30. It should be noted that the invention can be modified such that the bevel 76 is not in the area of the internal combustion engine holding surface 32, but can be provided in connection with the suction module holding surface 34 connected to the suction module 6 and essentially facing the holding direction 30. This moving the bevel 76 from the A person skilled in the art can design the surface assigned to the internal combustion engine 4 to the surface assigned to the suction module 6 without an additional pictorial representation being required for this.
  • FIG. 7b shows a further, preferably selected, particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 7b The sectional plane in FIG. 7b is the same as in FIG. 7a.
  • the bevel 76 is not on the cam 72, but the bevel 76 is formed on the lower leg 33a of the holding element 33.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z is, for example, a part stamped out of stable sheet metal. In this case, it is very simple without noticeable additional effort to punch out the holding element 33 or 33z in such a way that the bevel 76 is formed together with the leg 33a.
  • the same leg 33a is shown twice in FIG. 7b.
  • the leg 33a of the holding element 33 In the fully assembled state, the leg 33a of the holding element 33 is in the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7b.
  • the leg 33a of the holding element 33 is shown in solid lines in the position in which it is located during assembly, just before the bevel 76 reaches the cam 72. If the holding element 33 is displaced further in the closing direction 40 into the position shown with dashed lines, then the cam 72, which slides along the bevel 76, causes the lower leg 33a of the holding element 33 to move downward in the holding direction 30 by the amount of the clamping path 79 (With reference to FIG. 7b), which leads to a pretension or spring force in the holding element 33 or 33z, whereby the suction module 6 with pretension or
  • the fuse 78a is created. The fuse 78a ensures that under no circumstances can the suction module 6 be unwanted detached from the internal combustion engine 4.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a particularly advantageous embodiment of the coherent holding element 33z.
  • the securing slot 64 has an elongated shape with a first end 64a and a second end 64c.
  • the security slot 64 has a widening 64b between the two ends 64a, 64c.
  • the holding element 33 is held by the head 62b of the pin 62 on the flange 14 of the suction module 6. Except for the widening 64b (FIG. 8), the securing slot 64 is so wide that the head 62b of the pin 62 does not fit through the securing slot 64.
  • the position of the holding element 33z is such that the pin 62 (FIG. 4) is in the region of the first end 64a (FIG. 8).
  • a bulge 33e is provided on the leg 33c in the region of the first end 64a.
  • the bulge 33e is either a thickening of the material thickness of the leg 33c or the leg 33c is bent in a wave-like manner to form the bulge 33e.
  • the bulge 33e has the purpose that before the suction module 6 is mounted on the internal combustion engine 4, the holding element 33 between the head 62b (FIG. 4) and the Flange 14 is slightly pinched and thereby retains its intended position. This simplifies the assembly of the suction module 6 on the internal combustion engine 4. Depending on the need, the bulge 33e can be dispensed with if necessary.
  • the holding element 33z is displaced in the closing direction 40 (FIG. 8), for example with simple hammer blows, until the holding element 33z with the leg 33a reaches the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 7a.
  • the hammer blows are only exemplary. Instead, a closing device is used in modern production sites, in which the holding element 33 or 33z is displaced in the closing direction 40 with the aid of a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder.
  • the second end 64c of the securing slot 64 is located shortly before the pin 62.
  • FIG. 7b The same also applies to the shape of the holding element 33 or 33z according to FIG. 7b.
  • the widening 64b (FIG. 8) is provided so that the holding element 33z can be slipped over the head 62b of the pin 62 (FIG. 4). As a result, first the pin 62 and then the holding element 33z can be attached to the suction module 6.
  • the pin 62 can be integrated into the suction pipe 8, for example, by a common injection process. Possibly. the widening 64b can be dispensed with if the holding element 33 or 33z is also attached when the pin 62 is attached to the flange 14. Then there is no possibility for easy removal of the holding element 33 or 33z.
  • the coherent holding element 33z differs from the holding element 33 essentially only in that in the holding element 33 there is only a lower leg 33a and an upper leg 33c, in the coherent holding element 33z, however, several lower legs and / or several upper legs.
  • the number of lower legs present can differ from the number of upper legs. It is also possible to design the holding element 33 or 33z in such a way that at least one of the legs is supported at several points between the leg and the engine holding surface 32 or the suction module holding surface 34.
  • FIG. 9a shows an exemplary selected advantageous possibility for executing the area of the intake manifold 8 of the intake module 6, which plays a role in the attachment of the intake module 6 to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the remaining part of the suction pipe 8 has been cut away in FIG. 9a for better clarity.
  • the projection 22 can be seen in FIG. 9a.
  • FIG. 9b shows an embodiment without this projection.
  • FIG. 9b shows an exemplary embodiment in which the side of the suction module 6 facing the internal combustion engine 4 is flat and bears against the internal combustion engine 4 on a flat surface.
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b there are further flanges 14 ′, 14 ′′, 14 ′′ ′′ on the suction pipe 8 in addition to the flange 14.
  • the flanges 14 ', 14' ', 14' '' are designed in the same way as the flange 14.
  • the holding element 33 is held in the area of the securing slot 64 by the pin 62.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z is held in the area of the securing slot 64 '(FIG. 8) by the pin 62' (FIGS. 9a, 9b).
  • the holding element 33 or 33z on the suction module 6 is in the position in which the leg 33a (FIG. 8) of the holding element 33z fits between the cam 72 and the cam 72 '(FIG. 6). It is the same with the leg 33a ', which is guided in the space between the cam 72' and the cam 72 '' during the assembly of the suction module 6 to the internal combustion engine 4. It is correspondingly the case with the leg 33a ′′ which is passed between the two cams 72 ′′ and 72 ′′ ′′.
  • the holding element 33 is moved in the closing direction 40 (FIGS. 7a and 7b), for example with the mentioned closing device, so that the leg 33a moves from the position shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b to the position shown in FIG the position shown in dashed lines 7a and 7b. It is correspondingly the case with the leg 33a 'which is supported on the internal combustion engine holding surface 32' after assembly.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show, in exemplary form, details of a further, preferably selected, particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention in cross section (FIG. 10) and in side view (FIG. 11).
  • the parts not shown in Figures 10 and 11 largely correspond to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 3.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z has an area with an approximately L-shaped cross section.
  • the arrangement of the engine holding surface 32 corresponds to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, but, as shown in FIG. 4, can also take place via the engine stop piece 66.
  • the suction module holding surface 34 is located in the upper (with reference to FIG. 10) circumferential region of the shaft 62a of the pin 62. In the same way as in the other exemplary embodiment, it supports In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the holding element 33 or 33z also abuts on the suction module holding surface 34. The holding element 33 or 33z holds the suction module 6 in the holding direction 30 against the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4 via the support on the suction module holding surface 34.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the internal combustion engine 4 and the suction module 6 in the fully assembled state.
  • the holding element In order to detach the suction module 6 from the cylinder head 2, the holding element must be actuated, for example, with the closing device to the right (based on FIG. 11) against the closing direction 40. As a result, the first end 64a of the securing slot 64 reaches the region of the pin 62. In this position of the holding element 33z, the leg 33a 'of the holding element 33z is located between the two cams 72 and 72'. In this position, the suction module 6 can be lifted from the cylinder head 2 against the holding direction 30. To reassemble the suction module 6, the holding element 33z must be in the position described last.
  • the holding element 33z In order to attach the suction module 6 to the internal combustion engine 4, the holding element 33z is pushed in the closing direction 40 after the suction module 6 has been placed on the internal combustion engine 4. As a result, the leg 33a of the holding element 33z initially reaches the area of the bevel 76 of the cam 72. By further displacing the holding element 33z in the closing direction 40, the leg 33a reaches the area of the engine holding surface 32 connected to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z is dimensioned such that in this position the suction module 6 is held in the holding direction 30 with pretension or spring force.
  • the pins 62, 62 'on which the suction module holding surface 34 is located are above the suction module stop piece 70 connected to the suction module 6. It is possible to dispense with the suction module stop piece 70 and to attach the pins 62, 62 ′ directly to the suction module 6.
  • the suction module holding surface 34 is not located on the pins 62, 62 ', but the side of the pins facing in the holding direction 30 serves as the internal combustion engine holding surface 32, and the suction module holding surface 34 can, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, be connected to the suction module 6 be.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further preferred embodiment which has been selected and is very advantageous.
  • FIG. 12 only part of the cylinder head 2 is shown in FIG. 12, and a partial area of the suction module 6 is shown in section.
  • a nut thread 80m is provided in the internal combustion engine 4 or in the cylinder head 2.
  • a bolt 80 or a stud bolt is screwed into the nut thread 80m.
  • the bolt 80 is connected to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the bolt 80 serves as a stop piece 66, also called an engine stop piece 66, via which the engine holding surface 32 is connected to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the bolt 80 is screwed detachably into the cylinder head 2.
  • the bolt 80 can also be connected to the internal combustion engine 4 in another way, in particular also in a non-detachable manner. To remove the suction module 6 from the internal combustion engine 4, it is not necessary to loosen the bolt 80 from the cylinder head 2.
  • the bolt 80 can also serve to center the suction module 6 or the suction pipe 8 with respect to the internal combustion engine 4.
  • FIG. 13 shows a view in the direction of arrow XIII entered in FIG. 12.
  • a plurality of bolts 80, 80 ', 80' ', 80' '' are provided.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of a detail from FIG. 12 with a changed scale.
  • the bolt 80 can be divided into different areas, i. H. the bolt 80 consists essentially of a screw thread 80a, a shaft 80b, a recess 80c and a bolt head 80d.
  • the suction module holding surface 34 also called the counter holding surface 34, is located on the upper side (with reference to FIG. 14) of the flange 14, ie pointing against the holding direction 30.
  • the holding element 33 (FIG. 14) is supported on the one hand on the engine holding surface 32 and on the other hand on the suction module holding surface 34.
  • the holding element 33 has a curved shape, which is pressed somewhat flat elastically in the installed state, so that the suction module 6 is held against the internal combustion engine 4 in the holding direction 30 with elastic prestress or with spring force.
  • FIG. 14 shows the holding element 33 in the fully assembled state. Starting from this drawn position, the holding element 33 can be moved to the left against the closing direction 40 (based on FIG. 14). This releases the preload and the suction module 6 can be lifted off the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the holding element 33 By moving the holding element 33 in the closing direction 40, the holding element 33 is clamped between the engine holding surface 32 and the suction module holding surface 34 and brought into the position shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 shows the holding element 33 with the projection 78.
  • FIG. 12 shows the holding element 33 without the projection.
  • the projection 78 shown in FIG. 14 and in the subsequent figures is part of the fuse 78a and has the same function that has already been explained with reference to FIGS. 7a and 7b.
  • FIG. 16 shows a view in the direction of the arrow XVI shown in FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 15 shows a cross section along the section plane XV entered in FIG. 16.
  • the holding element 33 is curved.
  • the total thickness of the holding element 33, including the curvature, is greater than the distance between the engine holding surface 32 and the suction module holding surface 34, so that an elastic prestress or spring force arises in the holding element 33 and the suction module 6 also Preload or with spring force in the holding direction 30 against the internal combustion engine 4 is tensioned.
  • each of the holding elements 33, 33 ', 33' ', 33' ' must be installed and removed for the holding elements 33, 33', 33 '', 33 '' '. 'are brought to the appropriate place.
  • FIG. 17 shows another selected, particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment.
  • the holding element 33z is designed such that the holding element 33z is supported on a plurality of internal combustion engine holding surfaces 32, 32 'and on a plurality of suction module holding surfaces 34, 34' in the assembled state.
  • the projection 78 can be provided at one point or at several points on the holding element 33z, the projection 78, which is attached in such a way that the fuse 78a is formed and that the holding element 33z does not move unintentionally against the closing direction 40 in the assembled state.
  • the holding element 33z can be designed such that a single holding element 33z is supported on two bolts 80, 80 'or on more than two bolts.
  • the holding element 33z can also be designed so that the holding element 33z is supported on all existing bolts.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 show, by way of example, the holding element 33z, which is designed, for example, so that the support can be provided on the internal combustion engine 4 by means of four bolts.
  • FIG. 18 shows the holding element 33z in Side view
  • Figure 19 shows the holding member 33z in plan view.
  • FIG. 20 shows another particularly selected, advantageous exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 shows an end view of the suction module 6 with the intake manifold 8, as well as part of the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the area around the fastening means 10 is shown in section.
  • the section line is designated XX in FIG.
  • FIG. 21 shows a side view in the direction of arrow XXI shown in FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 22 shows a detail from FIG. 20. For the sake of clarity, the area around the holding element 33 in FIG. 22 is shown again with a changed scale.
  • FIG. 22 shows the holding element 33 in the fully assembled state.
  • FIG. 23 shows the holding element 33 while the suction module 6 is being attached to the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 4, shortly before the suction module 6 reaches the end position.
  • FIG. 24 shows the holding element 33 as a detail in a top view. Referring to FIG. 22, FIG. 24 shows a view from above of the holding element 33.
  • the holding element 33 is subsequently divided into an area with a lower leg 33g, a bridge 33h and an upper leg 33i (FIG. 22). There is a hole 33k in the lower leg 33g. On the upper leg 33i, a retaining tab 33m and a securing tab 33n are provided. A plurality of tabs 33m and / or 33n can optionally be provided on each leg 33i.
  • the bolt 80 is screwed into the cylinder head 2.
  • the bolt 80 serves as the abovementioned stop piece 66, also referred to as the engine stop piece 66, on which the holding surface 32 or the internal combustion engine holding surface 32 facing in the holding direction 30 is provided.
  • the engine support surface 32 is located on the underside of the bolt head 80d.
  • the bolt 80 can be designed, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the bolt 80 can also, such as. B. shown in Figure 20, a commercially available screw.
  • the diameter of the hole 33k is smaller than the diameter of the bolt head 80d.
  • the holding element 33 is held on the internal combustion engine 4 with the bolt 80. As FIG. 22 shows, the holding element 33 is held with the bolt 80 in such a way that the holding element 33 can be pivoted somewhat in the region of the bolt 80. Due to the pivotability of the holding element 33, the holding element 33 does not have to be bent, or only slightly, when the suction module 6 is mounted on the internal combustion engine 4. The same applies to the disassembly of the suction module 6 from the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the underside of the bolt head 80d pointing in the holding direction 30 serves as an internal combustion engine holding surface 32, on which the holding element 33 is supported with its lower leg 33g.
  • the holding tab 33m of the holding element 33 presses on the suction module holding surface 34 in the holding direction 30 (FIG. 22).
  • the holding edge 37b and the holding lug 38b are matched to one another in such a way that in the assembled state these two parts 37b, 38b interlock and serve as a securing means 36.
  • the securing means 36 ensures that the holding element 33 cannot slide off the suction module holding surface 34 even when subjected to great shaking stress.
  • the securing tab 33n of the holding element 33 can, for example, preferably be shaped in such a way that a space is created between the securing tab 33n and the suction module holding surface 34 of the suction module 6, so that the securing means 36 can be released with a simple tool and the upper leg 33i can be levered off by the suction module 6.
  • FIGS. 20, 22 and 23 An assembly aid 82 is shown in FIGS. 20, 22 and 23.
  • the slope 82a belongs to the assembly aid 82.
  • the slope 82a is inclined by approximately 10 ° to 70 ° with respect to the holding direction 30.
  • the upper leg 33i snaps into its holding position (to the right in relation to FIG. 23).
  • the holding tab 33m comes into active engagement with the suction module holding surface 34, with the result that the suction module 6 is pre-fixed.
  • the holding element 33 is then moved in the closing direction 40 (FIG. 23) until the holding lug 38b is in active engagement with the holding edge 37b.
  • the holding force required between the internal combustion engine 4 and the suction module 6 is achieved by this push-on operation.
  • FIG. 21 shows that the holding element can also be provided with several holding tabs.
  • this coherent holding element is designated with the reference symbol 33z.
  • the coherent holding element 33z is supported on a plurality of engine holding surfaces 32 and on a plurality of suction module holding surfaces 34.
  • Figures 25 and 26 show a preferred advantageous embodiment of the holding element 33z.
  • FIG. 25 shows a top view with a view of the upper leg 33i (based on FIG. 22, view from above), and FIG. 26 shows a bottom view with a view of the lower leg 33g (based on FIG. 22, view from below) .
  • two holes 33k are provided for two bolts 80.
  • this holding element 33z there are two lower legs 33g and two upper legs 33i with a total of three holding tabs 33m and two securing tabs 33n.
  • the continuous holding element 33z can also include a smaller or larger number of upper and lower legs 33g, 33i and tabs 33m and 33n.
  • a slot 33p can be provided (FIGS. 25, 26).
  • the slot 33p runs from the end of the lower leg 33g facing away from the bridge 33h to the hole 33k.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z can be removed from the internal combustion engine 4 or mounted on the internal combustion engine 4 without the bolt 80 having to be completely unscrewed. So that the holding element 33 or 33z cannot slip unintentionally, it may be expedient to choose the slot 33p to be very slightly smaller than the diameter of the bolt 80 in the area of the engine holding surface 32.
  • the engine holding surface 32 and the suction module holding surface 34 run essentially transversely to the holding direction 30.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z can be designed such that it is highly elastic when viewed in the holding direction 30.
  • a particularly high elasticity is obtained, in particular, if the legs 33a, 33c, 33g, 33i or the bridge 33b or 33h are made as long as possible and / or are curved or bent.
  • the high elasticity of the holding element 33 or 33z ensures that the preload or spring force is retained even when there are signs of settling in the area of the attachment of the suction module 6 to the internal combustion engine 4, even with high vibration stress.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z can be designed in such a way that assembly or disassembly can be carried out by means of a linear or at least somewhat curved displacement or slight pivoting of the holding element 33 or 33z.
  • the holding element 33 or 33z Due to the linear or substantially linear displacement of the holding element 33 or 33z, it is possible with very poor accessibility to additionally attach an extension extending transversely to the holding direction 30 to the holding element 33 or 33z, for example with light hammer blows or with the mentioned locking device, the holding element 33 or 33z in the closing direction 40 (assembly) or against the closing direction 40 (disassembly) can be moved.
  • the present exemplary embodiments describe how the holding element 33 or 33z is supported on the suction module 6 via the suction module holding surface 34 and on the internal combustion engine 4 via the internal combustion engine holding surface 32. It is possible to provide the type of support described with respect to the suction module 6 instead with respect to the internal combustion engine 4 and to provide the support described with respect to the internal combustion engine 4 with respect to the suction module 6. In other words, the type of the two supports described is interchanged.
  • FIGS. 27 and 28 show further exemplary embodiments, the section shown being selected such that differently designed holding elements 33 can be shown in the cross sections.
  • a reference symbol indicating a part on the left in the picture is given the suffix "L”.
  • the reference numerals on the right side are given the addition "r”.
  • the left holding element is thus designated 33L and the right holding element is designated 33r. It is the same with the surfaces 32 and 34.
  • the holding surface 32 also called the engine holding surface 32, is given the reference symbol 32L on the left and 32r on the right.
  • the counter holding surface 34 also called the suction module holding surface 34, is called 34L on the left and 34r on the right. Accordingly, in FIG.
  • the holding directions relating to the left part of the image are given the reference symbol 30L and the holding directions relating to the right part of the image are given the reference symbol 30r.
  • the fuse 36 shown in FIG. 2 for example, has been omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • the flange surfaces 16 and 18 do not run parallel to the surfaces 32L, 32r, 34L, 34r.
  • the legs of the holding elements 33L, 33r act perpendicularly on the corresponding surfaces 32L, 32r, 34L, 34r. Since the holding surfaces 32L, 32r and the counter-holding surfaces 34L, 34r are parallel to one another, it follows that the holding direction 30 for both holding elements 33L, 33r runs in the same direction, which is indicated in FIG. 27 by the arrow provided with the reference symbol 30 .
  • the holding elements 33L, 33r in the region of the flange surfaces 16, 18 and the projection 22 effect a vector distribution of forces.
  • a vectorial component of the force acts between the two flange surfaces 16 and 18 and a component of the force acts in the region of the guide 24 between the recess 20 and the projection 22.
  • these holding directions occur in the embodiment shown in FIG. 28.
  • these holding directions are labeled 30L1, 30L2, 30L3, 30L4 on the left-hand side and 30r1 to 30r6 on the right-hand side.
  • the lower leg of the left holding element 33L acts perpendicularly on the inclined holding surface 32L.
  • This direction is indicated in FIG. 28 by an arrow provided with the reference symbol 30L1 and is referred to as the holding direction 30L1.
  • FIG. 28 there is a counter-holding surface 34L 'running parallel to the flange surfaces 16, 18 and an inclined counter-holding surface 34L''. If the friction is neglected, the holding element 33L acts perpendicularly on the counter-holding surface 34L 'in the direction of the arrow 30L2 and on the counter-holding surface 34L''in the direction of the arrow 30L3.
  • the force in the direction 30L2 and the force in the direction 30L3 can be vectorially combined to form an effective force in the direction of the arrow 30L4.
  • the arrow 30L4 and the force in the direction 30L1 run in a line.
  • the vectorial composite effective force acting in the direction of arrow 30L4 can be regarded as if this force were to act on an imaginary, effective counter-holding surface 34L '''replacing the two counter-holding surfaces 34L' and 34L ''.
  • the imaginary, effective counter-holding surface 34L ''' is indicated symbolically in FIG. 28 with dashed lines.
  • the holding element 33r On the right side in FIG. 28, the holding element 33r is supported on a holding surface 32r 'and on a holding surface 32r' '. On the side of the suction module 6, the holding element 33r is supported on a counter-holding surface 34r 'and on a counter-holding surface 34r' '.
  • the directions of the forces of the holding element 33r, which act on the surfaces 32r ', 32r' ', 34r' 34r ', are symbolically indicated in FIG. 28 by four arrows 30r1, 30r2, 30r3, 30r4.
  • the force in the direction 30r1 can be broken down vectorially into a force parallel to the direction 30r2 and into a force perpendicular to the direction 30r2.
  • This latter, vectorially broken down, effective force is symbolically represented in FIG. 28 by an arrow provided with the reference symbol 30r5.
  • the force in the direction 30r4 can be broken down by vectorial decomposition into an effective force directed in the direction of the arrow 30r6.
  • the direction of the effective force 30r6 is in line with the direction of the arrow of the effective force 30r5.
  • the force component in the direction of arrow 30r5 acts on an imaginary effective holding surface 32r '' ', which is shown in FIG. 28 and is indicated by a broken line.
  • the force acts in the direction of arrow 30r6 on an imaginary, effective counter-holding surface 34r '' 'shown in dashed lines.
  • the holding surfaces 32L, 32r ', 32r' 'or the counter-holding surfaces 34L', 34L '', 34r ', 34r' ' can be located on protruding cams, similar to those in FIGS. 6, 7a, 7b shown cams 72, 72 ', 72' ', 72' ''.
  • the holding element 33L, 33r is displaced essentially linearly perpendicular to the sectional plane shown in FIG. 28.
  • the holding element 33L, 33r can also be provided at locations which are inaccessible for fastening screws.
  • the holding surface 32 or internal combustion engine holding surface 32 and the counter holding surface 34 or suction module holding surface 34 do not have to run parallel to one another and not parallel to the flange surfaces 16, 18, in the same way, in all other exemplary embodiments, the holding surface 32 and the counter-holding surface 34 can also be inclined to one another and inclined to the flange surfaces 16, 18.
  • the holding element 33, 33z is elastic, preferably elastically relatively soft, and the flanges 12, 14 are relatively stiff. It should be pointed out that the invention can also be modified in such a way that the holding element 33, 33z is designed to be relatively stiff, and instead the holding surface 32 and / or the counter-holding surface 34 is or are yielding relatively elastically. This modification can be achieved, for example, in that the flange 12 and / or the flange 14 and / or the stop piece 66 and / or the counter-stop piece 70 and / or the bolt 80 is or are made elastically relatively soft

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP96106971A 1995-07-31 1996-05-03 Moteur à combustion interne sur lequel est fixé un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration et méthode pour fixer un module d'aspiration ou un conduit d'aspiration à un tel moteur Expired - Lifetime EP0757172B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19528047A DE19528047A1 (de) 1995-07-31 1995-07-31 Brennkraftmaschine mit einem daran befestigten Saugmodul bzw. Saugrohr und Verfahren zur Befestigung eines Saugmoduls bzw. Saugrohrs an einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE19528047 1995-07-31

Publications (3)

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EP0757172A2 true EP0757172A2 (fr) 1997-02-05
EP0757172A3 EP0757172A3 (fr) 1997-08-13
EP0757172B1 EP0757172B1 (fr) 1999-08-25

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5653200A (fr)
EP (1) EP0757172B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0942085A (fr)
DE (2) DE19528047A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19528047A1 (de) 1997-02-06
US5653200A (en) 1997-08-05
EP0757172A3 (fr) 1997-08-13
DE59602854D1 (de) 1999-09-30
EP0757172B1 (fr) 1999-08-25
JPH0942085A (ja) 1997-02-10

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