EP0751705A1 - Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control - Google Patents
Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed controlInfo
- Publication number
- EP0751705A1 EP0751705A1 EP95906960A EP95906960A EP0751705A1 EP 0751705 A1 EP0751705 A1 EP 0751705A1 EP 95906960 A EP95906960 A EP 95906960A EP 95906960 A EP95906960 A EP 95906960A EP 0751705 A1 EP0751705 A1 EP 0751705A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weed
- suppressant
- weed suppressant
- plants
- composite material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010822 slaughterhouse waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000012766 Growth delay Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000045561 useful plants Species 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009329 organic farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 wool Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/35—Mulches, i.e. loose material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Definitions
- the invention relates to a weed suppressant, process for its preparation and use for weed control.
- the invention relates in particular to biological weed suppression by means of so-called moist or dry mulch.
- weed-suppressing action such as, for example, bark mulching, straw mulching, green mulching or film mulching.
- bark mulching With bark mulching, the soil slowly acidifies. Bark mulch cannot be broken down within a growing season.
- straw mulching there is only a massive weed suppression, and the straw also has to be applied in a large layer thickness, which leads to difficulties in working in and changes in soil structure (“deflagrations").
- Green mulching is associated with plant-toxic degradation phases, so that growth inhibitions can occur in the crop plants.
- Foil mulching is an expensive and labor-intensive measure with increasing recycling problems and without a soil-improving effect.
- the invention has for its object to provide a weed suppression which is particularly but not exclusively tailored to useful plants and which is herbologically and ecologically optimized. A targeted weed suppression should also be made possible, in which the natural operational or regional material cycle is largely preserved.
- the basis of the weed suppression according to the invention is a fibrous "crosslinkable" base material, which can differ according to the regional waste products. It is preferably organic or vegetable fibers, such as straw, wood, wool, peat and peat substitute products. Special types of waste paper or cardboard are also possible.
- An additional material is added to the base material, which has the function of a filling, binding and gluing material for the fiber materials and at the same time can act as a fertilizer or carrier for other active substances for weed suppression and / or plant care (e.g. flavorings or plant strengthening agents etc.).
- the filler material can be compost, which will be incurred to a large extent as part of waste separation. It can also be liquid manure, which can be untreated or separated in a known manner by processing methods and compacted with solids and is suitable, for example, for the agricultural sector. It can also be other waste such as slaughterhouse waste, blood meal, Horn meal or natural substances such as rock meal or slime-forming plant and seed products.
- the mixture of fibrous base material and filler material possibly with the addition of another liquid component, such as water, liquid manure, etc., forms a composite material with a quasi-cross-linked fibrous structure, which depending on the layer thickness of weeds cannot be grown or can only grow through with delay, but is in principle biodegradable .
- the filler material also preferably consists of organic material with a high nitrogen content. This promotes plant growth and the rotting of the fibrous base material. This is penetrated and implemented by the microorganisms and earthworm and thus contributes to soil improvement within a year.
- the weed suppressant according to the invention in the form of the mulch layer fiber composite material can be applied in strips to the floor, which enables the soil to be worked between the rows by mechanical maintenance techniques. This only occurs in the rows of plants Protection against weeds. This is a major advantage of the invention, because up to now weed control in the plant rows has meant cost-intensive manual work, which is an important argument against the introduction of organic farming.
- the weed suppressant according to the invention is a composite material consisting of one or more fibrous base materials, which are preferably obtained as a waste product on a natural basis and completely rot for a short time, and one or more, preferably fine-grained or pulverulent additive materials made from natural waste products, which may be after mixing and adding a liquid, such as water, liquid manure, liquid manure, etc., create a quasi cross-linking or sticky consistency in relation to the base material.
- a liquid such as water, liquid manure, liquid manure, etc.
- the fiber-like quasi-cross-linked composite material cannot be weeded through or only with delay.
- the filler material connects the fibrous structure of the base material so firmly that the desired growth delay is achieved.
- the growth time can be determined on the basis of the layer thickness of the composite material.
- the composite material can be degraded by soil organisms essentially within one year and contributes to soil improvement. It can be applied in the form of a strip within the row of plants in the required protective width, so that tillage between the rows (weed chopping, fertilizing, watering) or the planting of special protective plants is made possible.
- the fibrous composite material can be mixed together with the liquid with simple auxiliary tools, such as buckets and a drilling machine whisk, to a pulpy to liquid mass or can be processed with appropriate special equipment or machines.
- simple auxiliary tools such as buckets and a drilling machine whisk
- the mushy composite material is preferably applied to the field with mechanical devices. These are intended to enable a variable strip width and a variable layer thickness of the composite material, and in the special machine version can allow seedlings or seedlings to be introduced simultaneously. Furthermore, the composite material should be applied to the floor as a caterpillar-like or band-shaped strip with central or lateral elevation. The machine could also form a casting trough in the floor with a variable width in order to pour the composite material into it. The band-shaped strips of composite material could be overlapped by the machine in such a way that the floor is covered so that they cannot grow.
- the useful plants or their seeds can be in the
- Crops are easily transported through the composite material to the one below using simple means (e.g. pest seed technology)
- Soil is introduced, or the crops are introduced mechanically during or after the application of the composite material.
- Plant-specific additives and active ingredients such as fragrances, slow-release fertilizers, etc.
- Plant-specific additives and active ingredients can be introduced into the composite material, which due to the solidification and the slow degradation of the composite material can be applied over a longer period of time.
- Mainly materials from the natural cycle of the company or the region are used, such as:
- fibrous vegetable base materials such as wood, straw, flax, wool, green waste, peat and peat substitutes etc.
- Additional materials such as compost, soil, blood meal, liquid manure, horn meal, rock meal, slaughterhouse waste, mucus-containing and mucus-forming plants and seeds etc.
- Water-repellent substances such as oils or fats can be mixed in or applied to the mulch layer fiber composite material, which after an initial drying delay the absorption of water and the associated premature structural destruction.
- the width and thickness of the composite material can be prefabricated in a special machine and applied fully or partially prefabricated to the field.
- the mulch layer fiber composite can also be industrially prefabricated in a suitable form, e.g. to a roll-like container, with or without planting holes and with or without seeds. It can be used by hand in the garden and vegetable growing, or it can be automatically placed on the fields using special machines.
- Active substances can be added to the mulch layer fiber composite material which, after the expiry of the effective time, cause the rotting or humification of the mulch layer fiber Accelerate material through earthworms and microorganisms.
- a moist weed suppressant (wet mulch) with a volume ratio of water to solids of 0.3: 1 to 1: 1 was produced with the following solids contents:
- Peat substitute made from waste wood as a basic material with a particle size between 0.3 and 2.5 cm and ground or chopped straw as a further basic material with a particle size between 0.1 and 4 cm.
- the proportion of base materials in the solid mixture was between 60 and 80 vol.%.
- the rest was green waste.
- the mixture was mixed in the presence of water in the aforementioned ratio to wet mulch.
- Example 1 A solid mixture as in Example 1 was pressed into a band with the omission of water to a dry weed suppressant (dry mulch) and wound in roll form.
- dry weed suppressant dry mulch
- fibrous base material for use in horticulture or for silo covering should be between 40 and 80 vol.%, While in other applications it could be between 20 and 50 vol.%.
- cross-linking promoting substances can also Algae, starch, cereal flour, protein, gelatin, bitumen, blood meal, cellulose, lime etc. can be added.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie Verwendung zur Unkrautbekämpfung Weed suppressant, process for its preparation and use for weed control
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie die Verwendung zur Unkrautbekämpfung. Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf die biologische Unkrautunterdrückung mittels sog. feuchtem oder trockenem Mulch.The invention relates to a weed suppressant, process for its preparation and use for weed control. The invention relates in particular to biological weed suppression by means of so-called moist or dry mulch.
Es sind verschiedene Mulchverfahren bekannt, die eine mehr oder weniger gute unkrautunterdrückende Wirkung aufweisen, wie z.B. Rinden-Mulchen, Stroh-Mulchen, Grün-Mulchen oder Folien-Mulchen. Bei Rinden-Mulchen versauert der Boden langsam. Rinden-Mulch lässt sich nicht innerhalb einer Vegetationsperiode abbauen. Bei Stroh-Mulchen findet nur eine massige Unkrautunterdrückung statt, und zudem muss das Stroh in grosser Schichtdicke aufgebracht werden, was zu Einarbeitungsschwierigkeiten und Bodenstrukturveränderungen ("Verpuffungen") führt. Grün-Mulchen ist mit pflanzen¬ toxischen Abbauphasen verbunden, so dass Wachstumshemmungen bei den Kulturpflanzen auftreten können. Folien-Mulchen ist eine teuere und arbeitsintensive Massnahme mit zunehmenden Recycling-Problemen und ohne bodenverbessernde Wirkung. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine insbesondere, jedoch nicht ausschliesslich auf Nutzpflanzen abgestimmte Unkrautunterdrückung zu schaffen, die herbologisch und ökologisch optimiert ist. Es soll ausserdem eine gezielte Unkrautunterdrückung ermöglicht werden, bei der der natürliche betriebliche oder regionale Stoffkreislauf weitgehend erhalten bleibt.Various mulching processes are known which have a more or less good weed-suppressing action, such as, for example, bark mulching, straw mulching, green mulching or film mulching. With bark mulching, the soil slowly acidifies. Bark mulch cannot be broken down within a growing season. In the case of straw mulching, there is only a massive weed suppression, and the straw also has to be applied in a large layer thickness, which leads to difficulties in working in and changes in soil structure ("deflagrations"). Green mulching is associated with plant-toxic degradation phases, so that growth inhibitions can occur in the crop plants. Foil mulching is an expensive and labor-intensive measure with increasing recycling problems and without a soil-improving effect. The invention has for its object to provide a weed suppression which is particularly but not exclusively tailored to useful plants and which is herbologically and ecologically optimized. A targeted weed suppression should also be made possible, in which the natural operational or regional material cycle is largely preserved.
Zu Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird auf die Patentansprüche verwiesen.To solve this problem, reference is made to the claims.
Die Basis der erfindungsgemassen Unkrautunterdrückung ist ein faserartiges "vernetzbares" Grundmaterial, das nach den jeweils regional anfallenden Abfallprodukten unterschiedlich sein kann. Es handelt sich vorzugsweise um organische oder pflanzliche Faserstoffe, wie Stroh, Holz, Wolle, Torfe und Torfersatzprodukte. Auch spezielle Altpapier- oder Kartonsorten kommen hierfür in Frage.The basis of the weed suppression according to the invention is a fibrous "crosslinkable" base material, which can differ according to the regional waste products. It is preferably organic or vegetable fibers, such as straw, wood, wool, peat and peat substitute products. Special types of waste paper or cardboard are also possible.
Dem Grundmaterial wird ein Zusatzmaterial zugemischt, das die Funktion eines Füll-, Binde- und Verklebematerial für die Fasermaterialien hat und gleichzeitig als Dünger bzw. Träger weiterer Wirkstoffe zur Unkrautunterdrückung und/oder Pflanzenpflege (z.B. Aromastoffe oder Pflanzenstärkungsmittel etc.) wirken kann.An additional material is added to the base material, which has the function of a filling, binding and gluing material for the fiber materials and at the same time can act as a fertilizer or carrier for other active substances for weed suppression and / or plant care (e.g. flavorings or plant strengthening agents etc.).
Bei dem Zusatzwerkstoff kann es sich um Kompost handeln, der im Rahmen der Mülltrennung in hohem Masse anfallen wird. Es kann sich ferner um Gülle handeln, die unbehandelt oder in bekannter Weise durch Aufbereitungsverfahren separiert und feststoffverdichtet vorliegen kann und z.B. für den landwirtschaftlichen Bereich geeignet ist. Es kann sich auch um andere Abfallstoffe, wie Schlachthofabfalle, Blutmehl, Hornmehl oder um Naturstoffe, wie Gesteinsmehl oder schleimbildende Pflanzen- und Samenprodukte handeln.The filler material can be compost, which will be incurred to a large extent as part of waste separation. It can also be liquid manure, which can be untreated or separated in a known manner by processing methods and compacted with solids and is suitable, for example, for the agricultural sector. It can also be other waste such as slaughterhouse waste, blood meal, Horn meal or natural substances such as rock meal or slime-forming plant and seed products.
Das Gemisch aus faserigem Grundwerkstoff und Zusatzwerkstoff ggf. unter Zumischung einer weiteren flüssigen Komponente, wie Wasser, Jauche etc. bildet einen Verbundwerkstoff mit quasi-vernetzter faseriger Struktur, der je nach Schichtdicke von Unkraut nicht oder nur verzögert durchwachsenwerden kann, jedoch grundsätzlich biologisch abbaubar ist.The mixture of fibrous base material and filler material, possibly with the addition of another liquid component, such as water, liquid manure, etc., forms a composite material with a quasi-cross-linked fibrous structure, which depending on the layer thickness of weeds cannot be grown or can only grow through with delay, but is in principle biodegradable .
Der Zusatzwerkstoff besteht ferner vorzugsweise aus organischem Material mit hohem Stickstoffanteil. Dadurch werden das Pflanzenwachstum sowie die Verrottung des faserartigen Grundwerkstoffes gefördert. Dieser wird von den Mikroorganismen und vom Regenwurm durchsetzt und umgesetzt und trägt so innerhalb eines Jahres zu einer Bodenverbesserung bei.The filler material also preferably consists of organic material with a high nitrogen content. This promotes plant growth and the rotting of the fibrous base material. This is penetrated and implemented by the microorganisms and earthworm and thus contributes to soil improvement within a year.
Durch den Einsatz des erfindungsgemassen Unkrautunter¬ drückungsmittels in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft könnte weitgehend auf den Einsatz von Herbiziden verzichtet werden. Durch Beimischung von Duftstoffen oder Pflanzenstärkungsmitteln, insbesondere in Verbindung mit Mischkulturanbau, können herkömmlicheThe use of the weed suppressant according to the invention in horticulture and agriculture could largely dispense with the use of herbicides. By adding fragrances or plant strengthening agents, especially in connection with mixed cultivation, conventional
Schädlingsbekämpfungsmassnahmen vermieden bzw. erheblich reduziert werden. Ferner werden durch den Einsatz des Mulchschicht-Faser-Werkstoffes die natürlichen Torfvorkommen geschont.Pest control measures are avoided or significantly reduced. Furthermore, the use of the mulch layer fiber material protects the natural peat deposits.
Das erfindungsgemässe Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel in Gestalt des Mulchschicht-Faser-Verbundwerkstoffes kann streifenweise auf den Boden aufgebracht werden, was die Bearbeitung des Bodens zwischen den Reihen durch mechanische Pflegetechniken ermöglicht. Lediglich in den Pflanzenreihen erfolgt der Schutz gegen Unkraut. Darin ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung zu sehen, weil bislang gerade die Unkrautbekämpfung in den Pflanzenreihen kostenintensive Handarbeit bedeutet hat, die ein wichtiges Argument gegen die Einführung des ökologischen Landbaues ist.The weed suppressant according to the invention in the form of the mulch layer fiber composite material can be applied in strips to the floor, which enables the soil to be worked between the rows by mechanical maintenance techniques. This only occurs in the rows of plants Protection against weeds. This is a major advantage of the invention, because up to now weed control in the plant rows has meant cost-intensive manual work, which is an important argument against the introduction of organic farming.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert.The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments.
Das erfindungsgemässe Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel ist ein Verbundwerkstoff, bestehend aus ein oder mehreren faserartigen Grundwerkstoffen, die vorzugsweise als Abfallprodukt auf natürlicher Basis anfallen und kurzfristig vollständig verrotten, und ein oder mehreren, vorzugsweise feinkörnigen bzw. pulverförmigen Zusatzwerkstoffen aus natürlichen Abfallprodukten, die ggf. nach Untermischung und Zugabe einer Flüssigkeit, wie Wasser, Jauche, Gülle etc., eine quasi vernetzende oder klebrige Konsistenz in Bezug auf den Grundwerkstoff schaffen.The weed suppressant according to the invention is a composite material consisting of one or more fibrous base materials, which are preferably obtained as a waste product on a natural basis and completely rot for a short time, and one or more, preferably fine-grained or pulverulent additive materials made from natural waste products, which may be after mixing and adding a liquid, such as water, liquid manure, liquid manure, etc., create a quasi cross-linking or sticky consistency in relation to the base material.
Der faserartige quasi-vernetzte Verbundwerkstoff kann von Unkraut nicht oder nur verzögert durchwachsen werden. Der Zusatzwerkstoff verbindet dabei das faserige Gefüge des Grundwerkstoffes so fest, dass die gewünschte Durchwachsverzögerung erzielt wird. Anhand der Schichtdicke des Verbundwerkstoffes kann die Durchwachszeit bestimmt werden.The fiber-like quasi-cross-linked composite material cannot be weeded through or only with delay. The filler material connects the fibrous structure of the base material so firmly that the desired growth delay is achieved. The growth time can be determined on the basis of the layer thickness of the composite material.
Der Verbundwerkstoff kann im wesentlichen innerhalb eines Jahres von Bodenorganismen abgebaut werden und trägt zur Bodenverbesserung bei. Er kann in Streifenform innerhalb der Pflanzreihe in der erforderlichen Schutzbreite aufgebracht werden, so dass zwischen den Reihen eine Bodenbearbeitung (unkrauthacken, düngen, bewässern) oder die Anpflanzung von speziellen Schutzpflanzen ermöglicht wird.The composite material can be degraded by soil organisms essentially within one year and contributes to soil improvement. It can be applied in the form of a strip within the row of plants in the required protective width, so that tillage between the rows (weed chopping, fertilizing, watering) or the planting of special protective plants is made possible.
Der faserige Verbundwerkstoff kann zusammen mit der Flüssigkeit mit einfachen Hilfswerkzeugen, wie Eimer und einem Bohrmaschinenquirl, zu einer breiigen bis flüssigen Masse vermischt oder mit entsprechenden Spezialgeräten bzw. - maschinen aufbereitet werden.The fibrous composite material can be mixed together with the liquid with simple auxiliary tools, such as buckets and a drilling machine whisk, to a pulpy to liquid mass or can be processed with appropriate special equipment or machines.
Der breiige Verbundwerkstoff wird vorzugsweise mit mechanischen Vorrichtungen auf das Feld aufgebracht. Diese sollen eine variable Streifenbreite und eine variable Schichtdicke des Verbundwerkstoffes ermöglichen, und können in der Spezialmaschinen-Version ein gleichzeitiges Einbringen von Säm- oder Setzlingen ermöglichen. Ferner sollte der Verbundwerkstoff als raupenartige oder bandförmige Streifen mit mittiger oder seitlicher Überhöhung auf den Boden aufgebracht werden. Auch könnte die Maschine eine Giessmulde in den Boden mit variabler Breite formen, um darin den Verbundwerkstoff einzugiessen. Die bandförmigen Streifen aus Verbundwerkstoff könnten durch die Maschine überlappend so abgelegt werden, dass der Boden durchwuchssicher bedeckt ist.The mushy composite material is preferably applied to the field with mechanical devices. These are intended to enable a variable strip width and a variable layer thickness of the composite material, and in the special machine version can allow seedlings or seedlings to be introduced simultaneously. Furthermore, the composite material should be applied to the floor as a caterpillar-like or band-shaped strip with central or lateral elevation. The machine could also form a casting trough in the floor with a variable width in order to pour the composite material into it. The band-shaped strips of composite material could be overlapped by the machine in such a way that the floor is covered so that they cannot grow.
Die Nutzpflanzen oder deren Samen können in denThe useful plants or their seeds can be in the
Verbundwerkstoff zur Keimung eingelegt werden, oder dieComposite material to be germinated, or the
Nutzpflanzen werden mit einfachen Mitteln (z.B. Stempelsaat- Technik) durch den Verbundwerkstoff in die darunter liegendeCrops are easily transported through the composite material to the one below using simple means (e.g. pest seed technology)
Erde eingebracht, oder die Nutzpflanzen werden maschinell während oder nach der Aufbringung des Verbundwerkstoffes eingebracht.Soil is introduced, or the crops are introduced mechanically during or after the application of the composite material.
In den Verbundwerkstoff können jeweils pflanzenspezifische Zusätze und Wirkstoffe eingebracht werden, wie Duftstoffe, Langzeitdünger usw. , die aufgrund der Verfestigung und des langsamen Abbaues des Verbundwerkstoffes über einen längeren Zeitraum appliziert werden können.Plant-specific additives and active ingredients, such as fragrances, slow-release fertilizers, etc., can be introduced into the composite material, which due to the solidification and the slow degradation of the composite material can be applied over a longer period of time.
Vorwiegend werden Materialien aus dem natürlichen Kreislauf des Betriebes bzw. der Region eingesetzt, wie:Mainly materials from the natural cycle of the company or the region are used, such as:
a) faserige pflanzliche Grundwerkstoffe wie Holz, Stroh, Lein, Wolle, Grünschnitt, Torf und Torfersatzstoffe usw.,a) fibrous vegetable base materials such as wood, straw, flax, wool, green waste, peat and peat substitutes etc.,
b) Zusatzwerkstoffe wie Kompost, Erde, Blutmehl, Gülle, Hornmehl, Gesteinsmehl, Schlachthofabfalle, schleimhaltige und schleimbildende Pflanzen und Samen etc..b) Additional materials such as compost, soil, blood meal, liquid manure, horn meal, rock meal, slaughterhouse waste, mucus-containing and mucus-forming plants and seeds etc.
Dem Mulchschicht-Faser-Verbundwerkstoff können wasserabweisende Stoffe, wie Öle oder Fette untergemischt oder auf diesen aufgetragen werden, die nach einer ersten Abtrocknung die Aufnahme von Wasser und die damit eventuell verbundene vorzeitige Strukturzerstörung verzögern.Water-repellent substances such as oils or fats can be mixed in or applied to the mulch layer fiber composite material, which after an initial drying delay the absorption of water and the associated premature structural destruction.
Der Verbundwerkstoff kann in einer Spezialmaschine auf Breite und Dicke vorgefertigt und ganz oder teilweise vorgefertigt auf das Feld aufgebracht werden.The width and thickness of the composite material can be prefabricated in a special machine and applied fully or partially prefabricated to the field.
Der Mulchschicht-Faser-Verbundwerkstoff kann ferner in einer geeigneten Form industriell vorgefertigt, z.B. zu einem rollenartigen Gebinde, mit oder ohne Pflanzstellen-Lochung und mit oder ohne Samenbestückung bereitgestellt werden. Er kann sowohl von Hand im Garten und Gemüseanbau eingesetzt als auch mit entsprechenden Spezialmaschinen automatisiert auf die Felder aufgelegt werden.The mulch layer fiber composite can also be industrially prefabricated in a suitable form, e.g. to a roll-like container, with or without planting holes and with or without seeds. It can be used by hand in the garden and vegetable growing, or it can be automatically placed on the fields using special machines.
Dem Mulchschicht-Faser-Verbundwerkstoff können Wirkstoffe beigemischt werden, die nach Ablauf der Wirkungszeit die Verrottung bzw. Humifizierung des Mulchschicht-Faser- Werkstoffes durch Regenwürmer und Mikroorganismen beschleunigen.Active substances can be added to the mulch layer fiber composite material which, after the expiry of the effective time, cause the rotting or humification of the mulch layer fiber Accelerate material through earthworms and microorganisms.
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Es wurde ein feuchtes Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel (Feuchtmulch) mit einem Volumenverhältnis von Wasser zu Feststoffen von 0,3 : 1 bis 1 : 1 mit folgenden Feststoffanteilen hergestellt:A moist weed suppressant (wet mulch) with a volume ratio of water to solids of 0.3: 1 to 1: 1 was produced with the following solids contents:
Torfersatz aus Abfallholz als ein Grundwerkstoff mit einer Teilchengrösse zwischen 0,3 und 2,5 cm und gemahlenes oder gehäckseltes Stroh als weiterer Grundwerkstoff mit einer Teilchengrösse zwischen 0,1 und 4 cm. Der Anteil der Grundwerkstoffe in der Feststoffmischung betrug zwischen 60 und 80 Vol. %. Als Zusatzwerkstoff wurde Kompost sowie feststoffverdichtete Gülle mit einem Anteil in der Feststoffmischung ziwischen 10 und 30 Vol.% vorgesehen. Der Rest war Grünschnitt. Die Mischung wurde in Gegenwart von Wasser im vorerwähnten Verhältnis zu Feuchtmulch vermischt.Peat substitute made from waste wood as a basic material with a particle size between 0.3 and 2.5 cm and ground or chopped straw as a further basic material with a particle size between 0.1 and 4 cm. The proportion of base materials in the solid mixture was between 60 and 80 vol.%. Compost and solid manure with a proportion in the solid mixture between 10 and 30 vol.% Were provided as filler material. The rest was green waste. The mixture was mixed in the presence of water in the aforementioned ratio to wet mulch.
Beispiel 2:Example 2:
Es wurde ein Feststoffgemisch wie nach Beispiel 1 unter Weglassen von Wasser zu einem trockenen Unkrautunterdrückungsmittel (Trockenmulch) zu einem Band gepresst und in Rollenform gewickelt.A solid mixture as in Example 1 was pressed into a band with the omission of water to a dry weed suppressant (dry mulch) and wound in roll form.
Es wurde festgestellt, dass der Anteil an faserigem Grundwerkstoff bei Einsatz im Gartenbau oder zur Siloabdeckung zwischen 40 und 80 Vol.% liegen sollte, während er bei sonstigen Anwendungsfällen zwischen 20 und 50 Vol.% betragen kann. Als vernetzungsfördernde Stoffe können auch Algen, Stärke, Getreidemehl, Eiweiss, Gelatine, Bitumen, Blutmehl, Zellulose, Kalk etc. beigemischt werden. It was found that the proportion of fibrous base material for use in horticulture or for silo covering should be between 40 and 80 vol.%, While in other applications it could be between 20 and 50 vol.%. As cross-linking promoting substances can also Algae, starch, cereal flour, protein, gelatin, bitumen, blood meal, cellulose, lime etc. can be added.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1995/000162 WO1996022011A1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1995-01-17 | Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0751705A1 true EP0751705A1 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
Family
ID=8165939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95906960A Withdrawn EP0751705A1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1995-01-17 | Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0751705A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1534895A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996022011A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2391337A1 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-01 | Ecoval Corporation | Pre-emergence herbicide formed from animal protein |
| FR2813611A1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-08 | Dev Environnement Culture | Composition for mulching, used in gardening and agriculture, comprises ground straw of vegetable origin, fungus biomass and colloidal matter based on polysaccharides |
| GB0617547D0 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2006-10-18 | Univ Warwick | Compost ingredient and its use in crop cultivation |
| JP2023540542A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-09-25 | 浙江大学 | A method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting target plants using plant materials |
| GB2620156A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-03 | Francis Graham John | A method of restoring a peat surface |
| CN115299315B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-13 | 武汉市农业科学院 | A kind of substrate for farmland weed prevention and control and its prevention and control method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2280314A1 (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-02-27 | British Petroleum Co | Agricultural mulching material - consisting of biodegradable woven or nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with waterproof, gas permeable material |
| GB2170795B (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1989-04-19 | Montjoie Rudolf Anthony De | Composite mulch |
| DE4110137C1 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1992-08-06 | Manfred 7964 Kisslegg De Mueller | |
| US5163247A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-11-17 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Agricultural mulch and row cover |
| BE1006371A4 (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-08-02 | Wetenschappelijk En Tech Ct Vo | Vegetation inhibitory product for planting. |
| DE4200855A1 (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1993-07-22 | Mst Draenbedarf | Protective ground matting - is sewn together with adhesive-treated thread |
| ATE105138T1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-05-15 | Till Grether | SHEET MATERIAL CONTAINING NATURAL FIBERS. |
-
1995
- 1995-01-17 AU AU15348/95A patent/AU1534895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-17 WO PCT/EP1995/000162 patent/WO1996022011A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-17 EP EP95906960A patent/EP0751705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9622011A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1534895A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| WO1996022011A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
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