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EP0632750A1 - Centrifugeuse - Google Patents

Centrifugeuse

Info

Publication number
EP0632750A1
EP0632750A1 EP93907860A EP93907860A EP0632750A1 EP 0632750 A1 EP0632750 A1 EP 0632750A1 EP 93907860 A EP93907860 A EP 93907860A EP 93907860 A EP93907860 A EP 93907860A EP 0632750 A1 EP0632750 A1 EP 0632750A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
rotor part
centrifuge
openings
radial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93907860A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Adalbert Nagy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19924210664 external-priority patent/DE4210664A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19924210660 external-priority patent/DE4210660C2/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0632750A1 publication Critical patent/EP0632750A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
    • B04B7/12—Inserts, e.g. armouring plates
    • B04B7/14—Inserts, e.g. armouring plates for separating walls of conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
    • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifuge with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Centrifuges are used to separate liquid mixtures, eg. B. for skimming milk.
  • liquid mixtures eg. B. for skimming milk.
  • centrifuges they have up to 100 conical plates one above the other with an angle of 30 ° to 40 ° to the axis. The distance between the plates is a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the liquid mixture gets into the columns of the plate pack, the heaviest phase, e.g. B. skimmed milk is flung to the outside, the lighter, e.g. B. cream, pushed to the inside; both are continuously withdrawn.
  • the plate pack is used, between the gaps of which this phase flows radially upwards from the centrifuge centrifuge.
  • centrifuges have been described in GM-U-1 755 388, among others.
  • a revolving cell wheel serves as a continuous device for clearing out the material accumulating in the radial outer region of the centrifuge centrifuge.
  • the disadvantage of these known centrifuges, in particular their aforementioned discharge or clearing devices, is, inter alia, that, for. B. when dewatering goods to be centrifuged with a low solids content, the desired high degree of dewatering is not guaranteed because part of the liquid penetrates into the cells of the cellular wheel and thereby reaches the collecting space for the solid material.
  • Another disadvantage of the known centrifuges is that they can generally only be used for the specific separation tasks for which they are designed, so that these centrifuges are very specialized and, in this respect, expensive special devices .
  • centrifuges Another disadvantage of the known centrifuges is that the material to be centrifuged is not always spared to the desired extent and that there is a risk of structural changes in the material to be centrifuged due to high shear forces or the like which become effective .
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a centrifuge of the type mentioned at the outset which enables improved selectivity.
  • a centrifuge with the features of claim 1 is proposed.
  • the plates of the plate package - as seen in axial section - are concave, particularly parabolic, they can not only allow the fluid to remain in the interstices of the plate package, but also the development of the centrifugal forces on the path of the fluid from the radially outer inflow gap to the radially inner outflow gap are advantageously influenced.
  • the fluid flow directed upwards / inwards in the spaces between the plate packs describes a spiral path without sharp deflections.
  • the fluid flows in from each of the intermediate spaces from the radial outer edge of the plate packet, so that the superimposed spiral flow gradually increases the flow velocity in the intermediate spaces located downstream as seen in the flow direction.
  • the centrifugal forces seen in the main flow also increase from intermediate space to intermediate space. But this happens gradually, i. H. without abrupt accelerations and without the occurrence of additional shear forces.
  • Openings provided circumferentially in the plates of the plate pack which preferably have an elliptical layout, with, particularly preferably, the main axis of the ellipse being arranged in the circumferential direction of the plate pack, in addition to a certain fluid exchange between the plates thus fluidically connected interspaces between the plates - flow vortices arise.
  • microparticles entrained by the fluid can be removed from the spaces between the plates and returned to the centrifugal space.
  • the above-mentioned increase in speed of the fluid from space to space of the plate pack can advantageously be varied by varying the distance between the spaces between the "plates" of the plate pack.
  • the width of the spiral-shaped outlet gap on the radial inside of the plate package can change its width, as seen in the axial direction, along its course (claim 10). An increasing decrease in these distances in the flow direction would increase the flow velocity even more.
  • the intermediate spaces and / or the spiral outlet gap can be widened when viewed in the direction of flow.
  • a centrifuge according to the invention can work particularly effectively if it is combined with a quasi-continuously operating discharge device for the specifically heaviest goods according to the features of claims 6 to 10.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 6 can, however, also advantageously be used independently of the features of claim 1.
  • a third rotor part which rotates at the same speed on the radial inside of the first rotor part with the cellular wheel and has openings aligned with the cells of the second rotor part ensures that the cells of the cellular wheel are very quickly and very completely and evenly the material to be discharged from the centrifugal chamber can be filled as soon as they overlap an outlet opening of the centrifugal chamber. Sufficient time can be made available for the material to be discharged to accumulate in the openings in the third rotor part over a comparatively long period of time before the respective cell-like opening in the third rotor part with an outlet opening of the first rotor part overlapped.
  • the aforementioned third rotor part, in particular according to the feature h) of claim 1 can also be used in centrifuges or discharge or clearing devices for centrifuges of this type, in which the rotational speed of the cell wheel differs from the rotational speed of the inner (first) rotor part only during certain periods of time, and / or in which the closing element serving as the outer jacket does not or does not continuously rotate with the emptying windows at the same speed as the inner (first) rotor part.
  • the centrifuging task (clarifying, classifying, thickening, dewatering or the like) can be varied without problems. It is also possible to control the centrifuge as a function of the inlet and outlet characteristics of the material to be centrifuged. The shear forces acting on the material to be centrifuged can be kept comparatively small.
  • centrifuging tasks for the separation of multicomponent systems such as "solid-liquid", "liquid-liquid” can be performed.
  • a self-emptying cigarette cutter according to the invention can be used as a universal machine for a wide variety of separation tasks, such as. B.
  • centrifuges can also be used in systems which are difficult to separate and, if desired, can simultaneously separate into three end products.
  • centrifuge according to the invention is not only universally applicable, continuously operable, can be optimized to a high degree in process parameters, but is also comparatively easy to manufacture, operate and maintain.
  • FIG. 1 shows a centrifuge according to the invention in the axial section (section along the line I-I according to FIG. 2);
  • Fig. 2 the same centrifuge in radial section (section along the line II-II of FIG. 1) and
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic of a centrifuge according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which is greatly distorted to scale, since an axially exploded view of a teler packet.
  • the material to be centrifuged flows e.g. B. milk to be skimmed, via a feed pipe 54 to a centrifugal chamber 50.
  • the centrifugal chamber is essentially surrounded by a housing cover 51 and a cup-shaped housing base 52.
  • This rotationally symmetrical housing can be set in rotation via a pulley 53.
  • a drive shaft 62 for driving a drive actuator 60 is mounted twice in the housing base 52.
  • the plate 60 is set in rotation via a pulley 63 which is connected to the drive shaft 62 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the two rotational speeds can be of the same size or, as is preferred, of different sizes, the difference in speed preferably being changeable.
  • the inflowing fluid flows along the approximately (seen in axial section) parabolic surface 61 of the drive actuator 60 to the centrifugal chamber 50, in the radial outer region of which a quasi-continuously operating discharge device 10, 20, 30, 40 contains the specific heaviest components of the centrifuging good.
  • the drive actuator 60 carries, by means of fastening elements 78 and 79, a plate pack 70 which has parabolic inner and outer walls 77 and 76, the inner wall 77 together with the drive actuator 60 defining an inflow channel and the outer wall 76 together with the likewise approximately parabolically curved housing cover 51 defines an outlet gap space for fluid, in particular a third phase to be separated.
  • the plate pack 70 is thus surrounded by sufficiently strong, likewise plate-shaped walls (outer wall 76 and inner wall 77) in a housing-like manner, fastening elements 78 and 79 affixing the plate pack 70 to the drive actuator 60 and forming the entry gap spaces 64 and the exit gap spaces 65 allow the bottom and top of the plate pack.
  • the actual plate pack 70 is arranged between the inner and outer walls 77 and 76.
  • the "plates" 72 of the parcel are bent parabolically and together form a spiral, as is shown schematically in FIG. 3 and is strongly distorted to scale.
  • the gap width 73 from the radial outside of the liner package serving as fluid inlet to the radial inner edge of the patent varies from a value h max. to a value h min.
  • the "plates" 72 have openings 74 distributed uniformly over the circumference, preferably elliptical in cross section, with the large ellipse axis preferably pointing in the circumferential direction.
  • the spiral-shaped outlet opening 75 of the plate pack 70 on its radial inner side increases more and more from the innermost, plate 72 of the plate pack 70 closest to the drive plate 60 starting from the width — seen in the axial direction — toward the other spiral end .
  • the plates of the plate package 70 can, for. B. be made of aluminum and / or plastic. Your mutual Distance depends on the application of the separator and can e.g. B. vary between 0.5 and 20 mm.
  • centrifugal and hydraulic forces for increasing the selectivity of the separator are used more effectively than in known separators.
  • shear forces in the critical transition zones between the centrifugal chamber 50 and the plate pack 70 are reduced and the goods to be centrifuged are thus particularly well protected.
  • the discharge device 10, 20, 30, 40, with which the plate packet designed according to the invention can be used in a particularly advantageous manner, is described below.
  • a centrifuge according to the invention has a rotor, generally designated 100.
  • the rotor 100 consists of two rotor parts 10 and 20 which rotate coaxially at different speeds but in the same sense.
  • ste) rotor part 10 is an annular cylindrical shell, z. B. made of metal, ceramic material or plastic and provided with three large, evenly distributed over the circumference arranged outlet openings 12.
  • the latter have an approximately rectangular cross section and are as high as possible in the axial direction of the rotor; their width takes (as Fig. 2 shows) an angle of about 50 °, based on the center of the rotor.
  • the first rotor part 10 On its cylindrical outer wall 11, the first rotor part 10 is surrounded by a cylindrical inner wall 23 of the second rotor part 20 - with as little radial play as possible, but permitting mutual rotation of the two rotor parts with respect to one another.
  • the outlet openings 12 of the first rotor part 10 can in principle have a freely selectable cross section. For certain applications, it is also conceivable as advantageous that the side edges of the outlet openings 12, which run essentially in the axial direction of the rotor, have a certain angle of z. B.
  • This inclination facilitates the transfer of the material to be discharged from the rotor part 30 into the rotor part 20, which is yet to be explained, or can be used to peel off the good to be discharged are used as soon as the cells 22 of the second rotor part 20, which are yet to be explained, slide behind the outer wall 11 of the first rotor part 10; z.
  • a sedimented cake can be cut more easily by the knife-like rotor part 10.
  • the first rotor part 10 is connected in one piece to a housing cover 51 which, together with a housing base 52 and a radial closing wall 41, encloses a rotor chamber (centrifugal chamber 50).
  • the housing cover 51, the housing base 52 and the closing wall 41 can, for. B. connected with externally attached brackets or other means.
  • the housing cover or the housing base can be pot-shaped, in particular can be integrally connected to the closing wall 41.
  • the first rotor part 10 and the closing walls 41 forming a closing element 40 with the emptying windows 42 provided therein therefore run at the same speed.
  • the rotary drive takes place on the housing base 52 by means of drive belt pulleys 53.
  • the second rotor part 20 of the rotor 100 is designed as a so-called cellular wheel and has a rotationally symmetrical circular cylindrical inner wall 23, as mentioned above, closely enveloping the outer wall 11 of the first rotor part 1 and an outer wall 21 running parallel thereto.
  • the cells 22 are on at least two points distributed symmetrically over the circumference of the second rotor part 20 and provided with radially inner inlet openings 22A and radially outer outlet openings 22B.
  • the number of cells 22 of the second rotor part 20 preferably clearly outweighs the number of outlet openings 12 of the first rotor part 10.
  • the number, size and arrangement of the Cells 22 are provided such that at least about four cells 22 arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction can cover each outlet opening 12 of the first rotor part 10 at the same time.
  • four cells 22 of the second rotor part 20 cover each of the three outlet openings 12 of the first rotor part 10. Accordingly, five cells 22 of the second rotor part 20 become simultaneously from the outer wall 11 of the first rotor part 10 covered.
  • the former ensures that the cells 22 are completely filled with the material to be discharged, and thus the greatest possible displacement of material that is not to be discharged and at the same time a high discharge rate.
  • the second ensures a very good seal between the centrifugal chamber 50 and the emptying windows 42 without great technical effort.
  • the density of the cells, ie their number per circumferential length unit is preferably about 2 to 3 times as large as shown in the drawing.
  • the cross sections of the cells 22 are rectangular in the exemplary embodiment shown and in this respect preferred, the height of the cells 22 seen in the axial direction of the rotor preferably being as large as the corresponding height of the outlet openings 12 of the first rotor part 10.
  • the closing element 40 which in the exemplary embodiment is circular and cylindrical and forms the outer jacket of the rotor 100 and which, as mentioned, forms part of the housing enclosing the centrifugal chamber 50, is pierced by the emptying windows 42, which in turn are preferably a rectangular, but in particular with the cells 22 of the second rotor part 20 and in particular with their outlet openings 22B have a substantially identical cross section and are arranged such that - as well Already between the first rotor part 10 and the second rotor part 20 - a practically complete covering of the adjacent openings is possible, so that the emptying of the cells 22 is as problem-free as possible.
  • the emptying windows 42 which in turn are preferably a rectangular, but in particular with the cells 22 of the second rotor part 20 and in particular with their outlet openings 22B have a substantially identical cross section and are arranged such that - as well Already between the first rotor part 10 and the second rotor part 20 - a practically complete covering of the adjacent openings is possible, so
  • the emptying windows 42 not to run radially, but rather axially or obliquely in the closing element 40.
  • Such arrangement options are known from DE 34 09 107 C2 of the applicant. Again, if possible, no radial play is provided between the outer wall 21 of the second rotor part 20 and the inner wall 43 of the closing element 40; Despite the relatively good sealing of the cells 22, there should not be too high frictional resistances between the parts moving relative to one another.
  • the third rotor part 30 is designed as a cellular wheel largely corresponding to the second rotor part 20.
  • a second conical plate 60 with an approximately parabolically shaped surface 61 serves as the drive for the second rotor part 20 and the third rotor part 30, which rotates at the same speed, preferably the same, and the cup-shaped, coaxially double-walled outer edge of the two Carries rotors 20 and 30 or forms.
  • the plate 60 can be driven via a shaft 62 which is double-rotatably mounted in the housing base 52 of the centrifugal chamber 50 and thus connected to pulleys 63 in a rotationally fixed manner, with the speed of the first rotor part 10 being generally different, preferably variable.
  • Annular grooves 14, 24, 34 and slide rings 15, 25, 35 are provided for guiding the free ends of the rotor parts 10, 20 and 30.
  • the groove 14 provided for guiding the first rotor part 10 and the sliding ring 15 are provided on the periphery of the plate 60 at the foot of the radial spacing gap between the second and third rotor parts.
  • the grooves 24 and 34 and the sliding rings 25 and 35 for the second and third rotor part are provided on the side of the root of the first rotor part in the housing cover 51.
  • adjacent rotor parts are preferably made of different materials, such as B. stainless steel on the one hand and self-lubricating plastic on the other.
  • the specifically heaviest constituents of the material to be centrifuged initially collect in the radially outermost annular space area of the centrifugal chamber 50. This is only shown in the left half of the figure in FIG. 2. These components of the material to be centrifuged gradually collect in the openings 32 of the third rotor part 30. This occurs during the period in which the outer wall 31 of the third rotor part 30 is covered by the inner wall 13 of the first rotor part 10. Due to the different speed of rotation of the second and third rotor parts on the one hand and of the first rotor part and of the closing element on the other hand, those migrate with the one to be discharged Well-filled openings 32 of the third rotor part 30 successively towards the outlet openings 12 of the first rotor part 10.
  • the contents of one opening 32 after the other are emptied, in that the components which are heavier in specific terms are discharged radially outwards than the specific lighter components into the outlet opening 12 and subsequently push into the cell 22 lying radially behind it.
  • This process is shown on the left in Fig. 2.
  • the process of enriching specifically heavier components of the material to be centrifuged continues in the cells 22, whereby the frontmost cell in the direction of rotation is more completely filled with the specific heaviest product than the cells lagging behind.
  • the cells 22 subsequently disappear one after the other on the radial outside of the first rotor part 10, where they move towards the next emptying window 42 of the closing element 40, in order to throw off their contents there outside the rotor.
  • the cells 22 completely emptied in this way then advance between the inner wall 43 of the closing element 40 and the outer wall 11 of the first rotor part 10 in the direction of the next outlet opening 12 of the first rotor part 10, where the next filling process of the cell in question begins. 2
  • the specifically heaviest components of the centrifuged material are shown as dots, but are omitted in the right half of the figure for the sake of clarity. Reference symbol list:

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

Une centrifugeuse à plateau permet d'améliorer la précision de séparation et de traiter avec plus de ménagement le produit centrifugé. Vus en coupe axiale, les disques (72) d'un paquet (70) de disques qui entraînent le produit centrifugé radialement vers le centre d'une chambre de centrifugation (50), par où il est évacué, ont une forme courbe concave et sont de préférence reliés les uns aux autres en une spirale. Un dispositif d'évacuation des composants spécifiques plus lourds de la matière à centrifuger se caractérise au total par quatre parties rotatives mobiles les unes par rapport aux autres (10, 20, 30, 40). La partie rotative (30) située le plus à l'intérieur dans le sens radial assure un épaississement préalable et améliore ainsi la précision de séparation.
EP93907860A 1992-03-31 1993-03-31 Centrifugeuse Withdrawn EP0632750A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924210664 DE4210664A1 (de) 1992-03-31 1992-03-31 Zentrifuge
DE4210664 1992-03-31
DE19924210660 DE4210660C2 (de) 1992-03-31 1992-03-31 Zentrifuge
DE4210660 1992-03-31
PCT/EP1993/000776 WO1993019853A2 (fr) 1992-03-31 1993-03-31 Centrifugeuse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0632750A1 true EP0632750A1 (fr) 1995-01-11

Family

ID=25913461

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93907860A Withdrawn EP0632750A1 (fr) 1992-03-31 1993-03-31 Centrifugeuse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0632750A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3890893A (fr)
HU (1) HUT72509A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993019853A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE535487C2 (sv) * 2010-09-09 2012-08-28 Torgny Lagerstedt Ab Insatsplåt för plåtsatscentrifug samt metod att tillverka nämnda insatsplåt
DE102020002499A1 (de) 2020-04-26 2021-10-28 Smart Material Printing B.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung und Wiedergewinnung gebrauchter Schmierstoffe und/oder Kühlschmierstoffe
DE102020008059A1 (de) 2020-04-26 2021-10-28 Smart Material Printing B.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abtrennung von flüssigen und/oder festen Partikeln aus Flüssigkeiten
CN114797278B (zh) * 2022-03-31 2023-11-03 呼伦贝尔安泰热电有限责任公司扎兰屯热电厂 一种工业水过滤处理装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE124778C (fr) *
DE72398C (de) * A. MALMROS in Stockholm, Uplandsgatan 39 Schraubenförmiger Einsatz in Schleudertrommeln
DE246696C (fr) *
DE88910C (fr) *
SU925398A1 (ru) * 1980-05-07 1982-05-07 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Молочной Промышленности Сепаратор
DE3409107A1 (de) * 1984-03-13 1985-09-26 Adalbert Dr.-Ing. 8500 Nürnberg Nagy Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung der feststoffe von der traegerfluessigkeit bei suspensionen sowie dafuer geeignete zentrifuge
DE3426479C1 (de) * 1984-07-18 1985-12-05 Westfalia Separator Ag, 4740 Oelde Zentrifuge zum Klaeren oder Trennen von Suspensionen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9319853A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT72509A (en) 1996-05-28
AU3890893A (en) 1993-11-08
WO1993019853A2 (fr) 1993-10-14
WO1993019853A3 (fr) 1994-03-03

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