EP0630986A1 - Hardenable aluminium alloy sheet or plate having a contiuous variation of usable properties in a given direction, process and apparatus for its production - Google Patents
Hardenable aluminium alloy sheet or plate having a contiuous variation of usable properties in a given direction, process and apparatus for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0630986A1 EP0630986A1 EP94420179A EP94420179A EP0630986A1 EP 0630986 A1 EP0630986 A1 EP 0630986A1 EP 94420179 A EP94420179 A EP 94420179A EP 94420179 A EP94420179 A EP 94420179A EP 0630986 A1 EP0630986 A1 EP 0630986A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- temperature
- sheet
- product
- properties
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
Definitions
- the invention relates to plates or sheets of Al alloys with structural hardening having a continuous variation of the properties of use in at least one given direction (D) and a method and a device for obtaining these.
- the part in compression has a high mechanical resistance to compression, while the part in extension must be resistant to damage, in particular of hardness lower.
- the impact zone is resilient and ductile, while the opposite part must resist the force applied.
- the invention therefore relates to plates or sheets of Al alloy with structural hardening, in particular the high resistance alloys of the 2000 (Al-Cu) and 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) series, the properties of which after quenching and income vary continuously in at least one direction (D) parallel to one of the main dimensions (length, width, height).
- the properties of use can be the mechanical characteristics (resistance to rupture, elastic limit, hardness, resistance to fatigue, toughness, tolerance to damage, etc.) but also, for example, resistance to corrosion.
- mechanical characteristics resistance to rupture, elastic limit, hardness, resistance to fatigue, toughness, tolerance to damage, etc.
- resistance to corrosion in the case of mechanical characteristics, an interesting case is that of characteristics in the transverse, long or short direction.
- the process for obtaining these products consists in practicing, after quenching and possibly controlled plastic deformation, tempering in a thermal gradient of direction (D) so as to obtain the desired characteristics of each of the sides of the product in this direction (D) , one side being brought to a temperature T and the other side being brought to a temperature t ⁇ T, for the same duration (d).
- D thermal gradient of direction
- the assembly is then heated to a heating rate determined so as to reach the temperature T in the hot chamber and the temperature t in the cold chamber, and once the steady state is substantially established, to maintain the assembly for the duration d , and finally to take out the product which naturally cools to room temperature.
- the cold room is connected to the hot room via a heat pump.
- Modulated heating can also be achieved by linear heating means (gas burner manifolds or hot fluid jets distributors, electrical resistances, etc.) individually regulated at a certain temperature or power, located near the surface product and direction perpendicular to direction (D).
- linear heating means gas burner manifolds or hot fluid jets distributors, electrical resistances, etc. individually regulated at a certain temperature or power, located near the surface product and direction perpendicular to direction (D).
- Each hot or cold room can be subdivided into compartments of different temperatures, the temperature profile being adapted to the profile of the sheet, the edges of which are not necessarily parallel.
- the air oven used consists of 2 adjoining chambers, one hot 1, the other cold 2, separated by an insulating and removable wall 3, between which the product to be treated is placed symmetrically.
- This product consists of a plate element with dimensions 1000x400x100 mm3 corresponding respectively to the dimensions Long Travers (TL), Long (L) and Short Travers (TC).
- This product rests on a roller floor 5.
- the oven is closed by two doors 6 and is provided with air circulation turbines 7 and temperature control systems (not shown).
- the set temperature of chamber 1 was set at 183 ° C and that of chamber 2 at 141 ° C and it was estimated that the regime stationary was established when the product temperature in chamber 2 reached 148 ° C.
- the product according to the invention can be used for the manufacture of internal spars of aircraft wings, in particular in the form of thick sheets of alloys of the 2000 series and of the 7000 series.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne des plaques ou tôles en alliages d'Al à durcissement structural présentant une variation continue des propriétés d'emploi selon au moins une direction donnée (D) quelconque et un procédé et un dispositif d'obtention de celles-ci.The invention relates to plates or sheets of Al alloys with structural hardening having a continuous variation of the properties of use in at least one given direction (D) and a method and a device for obtaining these.
De manière générale on recherche en métallurgie à obtenir des produits dont les propriétés sont aussi homogènes que possible dans tout le volume de ceux-ci.In general, it is sought in metallurgy to obtain products whose properties are as homogeneous as possible throughout the volume thereof.
Cependant, pour certaines applications, il est souhaitable d'obtenir des produits dont les propriétés, à composition chimique donnée, varient de façon continue suivant au moins une direction déterminée (D).However, for certain applications, it is desirable to obtain products whose properties, with a given chemical composition, vary continuously in at least one determined direction (D).
Par exemple, dans une poutre soumise à des efforts de flexion et à la fatigue, il est souhaitable que la partie en compression présente une résistance mécanique à la compression élevée, tandis que la partie en extension doit être résistante aux dommages, en particulier de dureté moins élevée.For example, in a beam subjected to bending forces and to fatigue, it is desirable that the part in compression has a high mechanical resistance to compression, while the part in extension must be resistant to damage, in particular of hardness lower.
De même, dans un absorbeur de choc, il est souhaitable que la zone d'impact soit résiliente et ductile, alors que la partie opposée doit résister à l'effort appliqué.Similarly, in a shock absorber, it is desirable that the impact zone is resilient and ductile, while the opposite part must resist the force applied.
De manière plus générale, ce problème se pose dans tous les cas où le produit est soumis en service soit à un fort gradient de contraintes mécaniques, soit à des conditions d'emploi hétérogènes (résistance à la corrosion par exemple).More generally, this problem arises in all cases where the product is subjected in service either to a strong gradient of mechanical stresses, or to heterogeneous conditions of use (resistance to corrosion for example).
L'invention concerne donc des plaques ou tôles en alliage d'Al à durcissement structural, en particulier les alliages à haute résistance des séries 2000 (Al-Cu) et 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) dont les propriétés après trempe et revenu varient de façon continue suivant au moins une direction (D) parallèle à l'une des dimensions principales (longueur, largeur, hauteur).The invention therefore relates to plates or sheets of Al alloy with structural hardening, in particular the high resistance alloys of the 2000 (Al-Cu) and 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) series, the properties of which after quenching and income vary continuously in at least one direction (D) parallel to one of the main dimensions (length, width, height).
Les propriétés d'emploi peuvent être les caractéristiques mécaniques (résistance à la rupture, limite élastique, dureté, résistance à la fatigue, ténacité, tolérance aux dommages etc...) mais aussi par exemple la résistance à la corrosion.
Dans le cas des caractéristiques mécaniques, un cas intéressant est celui des caractéristiques dans le sens travers, long ou court.The properties of use can be the mechanical characteristics (resistance to rupture, elastic limit, hardness, resistance to fatigue, toughness, tolerance to damage, etc.) but also, for example, resistance to corrosion.
In the case of mechanical characteristics, an interesting case is that of characteristics in the transverse, long or short direction.
Le procédé d'obtention de ces produits consiste à pratiquer, après trempe et déformation plastique contrôlée éventuelle, un revenu dans un gradient thermique de direction (D) de manière à obtenir les caractéristiques désirées de chacun des côtés du produit dans cette direction (D), un des côtés étant porté à une température T et l'autre côté étant porté à une température t < T, pendant la même durée (d). On cherchera, par exemple, à avoir un côté correspondant à l'état T6(51) et l'autre côté correspondant à l'état T74(51).The process for obtaining these products consists in practicing, after quenching and possibly controlled plastic deformation, tempering in a thermal gradient of direction (D) so as to obtain the desired characteristics of each of the sides of the product in this direction (D) , one side being brought to a temperature T and the other side being brought to a temperature t <T, for the same duration (d). We will try, for example, to have one side corresponding to state T6 (51) and the other side corresponding to state T74 (51).
La détermination des températures (T, t) et de la durée (d) du traitement sont aisément déterminables par l'homme de métier, soit expérimentalement, soit par application des lois d'équivalence température/temps bien connues dans le domaine du revenu des alliages d'Al : par exemple on peut choisir la relation R0,2 = f (aT + b.log d), T étant la température en Kelvin et d le temps, les constantes a et b étant déterminables par des essais préliminaires de réponse au revenu de l'alliage considéré.
La réalisation de ce traitement de revenu exige un four de structure spécifique comprenant une chambre chaude et une chambre froide, chacune d'elle étant régulée indépendamment de l'autre, entre lesquelles on place le produit à traiter.The determination of the temperatures (T, t) and of the duration (d) of the treatment are easily determinable by the skilled person, either experimentally, or by application of the temperature / time equivalence laws well known in the field of income of alloys of Al: for example we can choose the relation R 0.2 = f (aT + b.log d), T being the temperature in Kelvin and d time, the constants a and b being determinable by preliminary tests of response to the income of the alloy considered.
Carrying out this tempering treatment requires an oven of specific structure comprising a hot room and a cold room, each of which is regulated independently of the other, between which the product to be treated is placed.
L'ensemble est ensuite chauffé à une vitesse de chauffage déterminée de manière à atteindre la température T dans la chambre chaude et la température t dans la chambre froide, et une fois le régime stationnaire sensiblement établi, à maintenir l'ensemble pendant la durée d, et enfin à sortir le produit qui refroidit naturellement à la température ambiante.The assembly is then heated to a heating rate determined so as to reach the temperature T in the hot chamber and the temperature t in the cold chamber, and once the steady state is substantially established, to maintain the assembly for the duration d , and finally to take out the product which naturally cools to room temperature.
Dans une version préférée, la chambre froide est reliée à la chambre chaude par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe à chaleur.In a preferred version, the cold room is connected to the hot room via a heat pump.
Le chauffage modulé peut également être réalisé par des moyens de chauffage linéaires (rampes de brûleurs à gaz ou distributrices de jets de fluide chaud, résistances électriques, etc...) régulés individuellement à une certaine température ou puissance, situés au voisinage de la surface du produit et de direction perpendiculaire à la direction (D).Modulated heating can also be achieved by linear heating means (gas burner manifolds or hot fluid jets distributors, electrical resistances, etc.) individually regulated at a certain temperature or power, located near the surface product and direction perpendicular to direction (D).
Chaque chambre chaude ou froide peut être subdivisée en compartiments de températures différents, le profil de température étant adapté au profil de la tôle, dont les bords ne sont pas nécessairement parallèles.Each hot or cold room can be subdivided into compartments of different temperatures, the temperature profile being adapted to the profile of the sheet, the edges of which are not necessarily parallel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de l'exemple suivant qui est relatif à une plaque en alliage 7010 (suivant la désignation de l'Aluminum Association) de 100 mm d'épaisseur et de composition suivante (en poids %) :
L'objectif était d'obtenir l'état T651 à une extrémité et l'état T7451 à l'autre extrémité.
- La figure 1 représente l'évolution de la température de revenu du produit traité (régime stationnaire).
- La figure 2 représente le profil des caractéristiques mécaniques de résistance obtenu.
- La figure 3 représente le profil des conductibilités électriques superficielles obtenu.
- La figure 4 représente une coupe schématique du four utilisé.
- FIG. 1 represents the evolution of the tempering temperature of the treated product (stationary regime).
- FIG. 2 represents the profile of the mechanical resistance characteristics obtained.
- FIG. 3 represents the profile of the surface electrical conductivities obtained.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic section of the oven used.
Par application des règles d'équivalence température/temps et compte tenu de la vitesse de montée imposée par le four utilisé (9h45 pour atteindre 150°C), il a été trouvé que pour un traitement isochrone de 10h, la température T du produit devait être de 172°C et sa température t de 150°C, pour obtenir les états correspondants respectivement aux traitements classiques de revenu :
Le four à air utilisé se compose de 2 chambres contiguës, l'une chaude 1, l'autre froide 2, séparées par une paroi isolante et amovible 3, entre lesquelles est placé de façon symétrique le produit à traiter. Ce produit est constitué par un élément de plaque de dimensions 1000x400x100 mm³ correspondant respectivement aux dimensions Travers Long (TL), Long (L) et Travers Court (TC). Ce produit repose sur une sole à rouleaux 5. Le four est fermé par deux portes 6 et est muni de turbines de circulation d'air 7 et de systèmes de régulation de température (non représentés).The air oven used consists of 2 adjoining chambers, one hot 1, the
A la suite d'essais préliminaires sur une plaque de mêmes dimensions et de même nature, la température de consigne de la chambre 1 a été fixée à 183°C et celle de la chambre 2 à 141°C et on a estimé que le régime stationnaire était établi quand la température du produit dans la chambre 2 a atteint 148°C.Following preliminary tests on a plate of the same dimensions and of the same type, the set temperature of
Les résultats de contrôle de profil de la température dans le sens de la longueur du produit, ainsi que l'évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques de traction (sens de la longueur du produit soit le sens TL métallurgique, 1/4 de l'épaisseur) et de conductibilité électrique en surface du produit sont reportés au Tableau I et sur les fig. 1 à 3. Sur les fig. 2 et 3 sont également reportés les points représentatifs des états T651 et T7451 classiques.The results of temperature profile control in the length direction of the product, as well as the evolution of the mechanical tensile characteristics (length direction of the product is the TL metallurgical direction, 1/4 of the thickness) and of electrical conductivity at the surface of the product are given in Table I and in FIGS. 1 to 3. In fig. 2 and 3 are also reported the points representative of the conventional T651 and T7451 states.
Le produit selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour la fabrication de longerons internes de voilures d'avions, notamment sous forme de tôles épaisses en alliages de la série 2000 et de la série 7000.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9308096A FR2707092B1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | Metallurgical product in Al alloy with structural hardening having a continuous variation in the properties of use in a given direction and a method and device for obtaining the same. |
| FR9308096 | 1993-06-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0630986A1 true EP0630986A1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
Family
ID=9448815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94420179A Withdrawn EP0630986A1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-24 | Hardenable aluminium alloy sheet or plate having a contiuous variation of usable properties in a given direction, process and apparatus for its production |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5547524A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0630986A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0711401A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2126808A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2707092B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2868084A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-30 | Pechiney Rhenalu Sa | STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR AERONAUTICAL CONSTRUCTION HAVING A VARIATION OF JOB PROPERTIES |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2684300A (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-26 | Pechiney Rolled Products, Llc | Aluminum alloy sheet having high ultimate tensile strength and methods for making their own |
| DE10018238C1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-12-20 | Vaw Alutubes Gmbh | Roll-off pistons for air spring systems |
| US20050217770A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-06 | Philippe Lequeu | Structural member for aeronautical construction with a variation of usage properties |
| FR2894857B1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2009-05-15 | Alcan Rhenalu Sa | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SEMI-PRODUCTS COMPRISING TWO ALUMINUM ALLOYS |
| WO2009043426A1 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-09 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | A method for manufacturing a wrought metal plate product having a gradient in engineering properties |
| CN102770565B (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2015-04-22 | 塔塔钢铁荷兰科技有限责任公司 | Process for the heat treatment of metal strip material, and strip material produced in that way |
| EP2712942B1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2017-11-01 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | Method and apparatus for thermally treating an aluminium workpiece and aluminium workpiece |
| EP2770071B9 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2020-08-12 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | Aluminium alloy for the production of semi-finished products or components for motor vehicles, method for producing an aluminium alloy strip from this aluminium alloy and aluminium alloy strip and uses thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0196243A2 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-10-01 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Temperature gradient furnace for materials processing |
| EP0284876A1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-05 | General Electric Company | High strength superalloy components with graded properties |
| WO1988007595A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-06 | Wyman-Gordon Company | System for peripheral differential heat treatment to form dual-property workpieces |
| US4959107A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-09-25 | Emerson Electric Co. | Method and apparatus for treating ladder rungs for forming assembly with ladder rails |
| EP0514292A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Process for improving the transverse isotropy of a thin product made from AA 7000 aluminium alloy |
-
1993
- 1993-06-28 FR FR9308096A patent/FR2707092B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-06-21 US US08/267,026 patent/US5547524A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-24 EP EP94420179A patent/EP0630986A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-06-27 CA CA002126808A patent/CA2126808A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-28 JP JP6146305A patent/JPH0711401A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0196243A2 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-10-01 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Temperature gradient furnace for materials processing |
| WO1988007595A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-06 | Wyman-Gordon Company | System for peripheral differential heat treatment to form dual-property workpieces |
| EP0284876A1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-05 | General Electric Company | High strength superalloy components with graded properties |
| US4959107A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-09-25 | Emerson Electric Co. | Method and apparatus for treating ladder rungs for forming assembly with ladder rails |
| EP0514292A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-19 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Process for improving the transverse isotropy of a thin product made from AA 7000 aluminium alloy |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2868084A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-30 | Pechiney Rhenalu Sa | STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR AERONAUTICAL CONSTRUCTION HAVING A VARIATION OF JOB PROPERTIES |
| WO2005098072A3 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2006-05-04 | Alcan Rhenalu | Structural element for aircraft engineering exhibiting a variation of performance characteristics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2707092B1 (en) | 1995-08-25 |
| JPH0711401A (en) | 1995-01-13 |
| CA2126808A1 (en) | 1994-12-29 |
| US5547524A (en) | 1996-08-20 |
| FR2707092A1 (en) | 1995-01-06 |
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