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EP0630397B1 - Procede permettant de refroidir un gaz brut charge de poussieres, resultant de la gazeification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone - Google Patents

Procede permettant de refroidir un gaz brut charge de poussieres, resultant de la gazeification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0630397B1
EP0630397B1 EP94905054A EP94905054A EP0630397B1 EP 0630397 B1 EP0630397 B1 EP 0630397B1 EP 94905054 A EP94905054 A EP 94905054A EP 94905054 A EP94905054 A EP 94905054A EP 0630397 B1 EP0630397 B1 EP 0630397B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
reactor
pressure vessel
quench
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94905054A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0630397A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf-Uwe Hartermann
Arno Hendricks
Leszek Gawlowski
Hubert Scheid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
Original Assignee
L&C Steinmueller GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by L&C Steinmueller GmbH filed Critical L&C Steinmueller GmbH
Publication of EP0630397A1 publication Critical patent/EP0630397A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates first of all to a method for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure, in which the gas from the reactor is passed into a quench section for direct cooling with a quench medium and then into a water Steam circuit integrated cooling section is introduced and withdrawn from this.
  • the quench medium can be a quench gas or a quench liquid.
  • a water bath is located below the outlet of the liquid slag reactor.
  • This object is achieved in that the gas is drawn off from the reactor into a quench tube with a cross section which is smaller than the reactor cross section, that the gas emerging from the outlet end of the quench tube is deflected essentially by 180 ° and that in counterflow to the flow of the gas in Quench tube is passed through a cooling section surrounding the quench tube.
  • the gas is advantageously removed from the cooling section by deflection.
  • a gasification reactor is known from US Pat. No. 4,859,214, in which a gasification reactor is arranged in a pressure vessel, the upper end of which is connected to a quench tube of reduced diameter.
  • the quench tube is not surrounded by a heating surface and there is no 180 ° deflection in one and the same pressure vessel.
  • the invention is also directed to a hot gas cooling system of a system for the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure with a pressure vessel for receiving the reactor, a quench chamber connected to the outlet of the reactor and capable of being charged with a quench medium, and a cooling device connected on the gas side to the quench chamber including at least one heating surface integrated in a water-steam circuit and arranged in the pressure vessel, as is known from EP-0 115 094 A2.
  • the system is characterized according to the invention in that the quench chamber is a quench tube with a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the reactor, and that at the outlet end of the quench tube a deflection chamber for the 180 ° deflection of the gas stream exiting the quench tube is arranged and that the quench tube is surrounded along a predetermined distance by at least one bundle heating surface through which the deflected gas flow flows, and that at the outlet end of the bundle heating surface a gas collecting space is formed which is connected to at least one gas discharge line penetrating the wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the outer boundary surface of the bundle heating surface lies freely opposite the inner wall of the pressure vessel, it is advantageous if the inner wall is bricked up at least in the region of the bundle heating surface.
  • the bundle heating surface is arranged in an annular space which is delimited on the inside by the quench tube and on the outside by an outer cooling wall arranged at a distance from the inner wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the quench tube is preferably also designed as a cooling wall.
  • the outside diameter of the cooling wall or bundle heating surface corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the reactor, so that there is still an accessible space towards the inside wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the deflection chamber is designed as a blasting space.
  • the bottom of the gas collection space is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the quench tube in order to facilitate the removal of the gas laden with dust or solids from the gas collection space and to avoid any erosion problems that may occur.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the bottom of the gas collecting space is achieved if the bottom of the gas collecting space has a section surrounding the quench tube at a distance, which is sealed gas-tight at its free end against the outer wall of the quench tube. This can be done using a compensator or a stuffing box.
  • the section surrounding the quench tube can Bundle heating surface facing or applied by this. Problems of different thermal expansion can thus be taken into account more easily.
  • the gas discharge line connected to the gas collecting space passes through the wall of the pressure vessel at an inclined angle to the axis of the quench tube.
  • the bundle heating surface can consist of several bundles, each preferably consisting of individual cylinders made of wound tubes.
  • These cylinders can have different lengths.
  • the pressure vessel is preferably arranged vertically.
  • the gasification reactor is arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel, the quench tube and bundle heating surface being arranged above it.
  • the reactor is arranged in the upper part of the pressure vessel and the gas is drawn off at the lower end of the quench tube projecting downward, so that the deflection takes place in the lower end of the pressure vessel.
  • a reactor 3 is arranged in the lower part, the walls of which are switched into a water-steam circuit WDK.
  • Burners 4 for the partial combustion of coal dust with an oxygen-containing gas are assigned to the reactor.
  • the reactor 3 is provided with a slag outlet opening 5 which opens to a water bath 6 arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel.
  • the upper end of the reactor 3 is drawn in like a cone and is connected to a quench tube 7 having a smaller diameter than the reactor 3, which is designed as a cooling wall.
  • a quench medium is supplied via lines 8. Water, steam and / or cooled, recirculated gas are suitable for this.
  • the upper end 7a of the quench tube 7 opens to a deflection space 9, which is closed at its upper end by a cooled bottom 10 and the walls of which are delimited by a cooling wall 11 which extends coaxially to the quench tube.
  • the cooling wall extends down to a predetermined distance and, like the quench tube 7, is integrated into the water vapor circuit WDK.
  • a bundle heating surface 12 is arranged which consists of a plurality of cylinders 13 arranged coaxially to one another and wound from tubes.
  • the cylinders 13 have different axial lengths.
  • the inside cylinders are longer than the outside cylinders.
  • other constructions for the bundle heating surface 12 are used.
  • the cooling jacket 11 is optionally supported with other components on the pressure vessel 1 via a support device 15.
  • the water vapor circuit WDK has upper and lower collectors 16 and 17.
  • the lower end of the bundle heating surface 12 is followed by a gas collecting space 18 with a bottom 19.
  • the bottom 19 consists of an inclined bottom plate 19a and a cylindrical section 19b projecting into the gas collecting space, which is arranged at a distance from the wall of the quench tube and only at its free end is connected gastight to the wall of the quench tube.
  • a gas discharge line 20 is provided, which is connected to the gas collection space and passes through the wall of the pressure vessel 1 inclined downward.
  • the reactor 3 is arranged in the upper part in the pressure vessel 1 and the quench tube 7 extends yourself down.
  • slag guide cone 22 extends in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the outer cooling jacket 11 into the water bath 6.
  • the bottom plate 19a of the bottom for closing the gas collecting space 8 and gas discharge line 20 are both inclined downwards, but in opposite directions.
  • the gas is first generated in a reactor 3 from solid fuels in a reactor 3 at temperatures above the slag softening point by gasification of the fuels under pressure.
  • the following cooling mechanisms are effective in one and the same pressure vessel in order to cool down the raw gas loaded with liquid and solid particles:
  • the bundle heating surface can be a radiation and / or a convective heating surface. In extreme cases, it would also be possible to achieve pure radiation heat transfer only with the wall heating surfaces surrounding the quench tube. However, a bundle heating surface with a high degree of convection is preferred; a bundle heating surface which is essentially only convective is further preferred.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de refoidir un gaz brut chargé de poussières, résultant de la gazéification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone dans un réacteur sous pression. Le gaz provenant du réacteur est introduit dans une section de refroidissement par injection à laquelle est appliqué un fluide de refroidissement par injection en vue d'opérer un refroidissement direct. Le gaz est ensuite introduit dans une section de refroidissement intégrée dans un circuit eau-vapeur, puis il en est extrait. Afin d'améliorer le processus de refroidissement après avoir appliqué le fluide de refroidissement par injection, l'invention prévoit que le gaz soit extrait du réacteur et introduit dans un tuyau de refroidissement par injection ayant une section inférieure à celle du réacteur; que le gaz sortant de l'extrémité de sortie du tuyau de refroidissement par injection soit dévié sensiblement de 180 ° et qu'il soit acheminé à contre-courant par rapport à l'écoulement du gaz dans le tuyau de refroidissement par injection, par l'intermédiaire d'une section de refroidissement entourant le tuyau de refroidissement par injection.

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé pour refroidir un gaz brut chargé de poussière venant de la gazéification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone qui a lieu dans un réacteur sous pression, dans lequel le gaz venant du réacteur est introduit dans une section de quench chargé d'un agent de quench pour un refroidissement direct et est ensuite introduit dans une section de refroidissement, intégrée dans un circuit vapeur-eau, et est évacué de celle-ci, caractérisé en ce que le gaz venant du réacteur est évacué dans un tube de quench ayant une section transversale plus petite par rapport à la section transversale du réacteur, en ce que le gaz sortant de l'extrémité de sortie du tube de quench est essentiellement dévié de 180° et est guidé à travers une section de refroidissement entourant le tube de quench, à contre-courant par rapport à l'écoulement du gaz s'écoulant dans le tube de quench.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'évacuation du gaz de la section de refroidissement s'effectue par déviation.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que pendant la déviation dans la section de refroidissement, on extrait encore de la chaleur du gaz par rayonnement thermique.
  4. Dispositif pour gazéifier un combustible solide contenant du carbone dans un réacteur sous pression et pour refroidir le gaz chaud produit, comportant un réacteur, un récipient de pression pour recevoir le réacteur, une chambre de quench pouvant être chargée d'un agent de quench et reliée à la sortie du réacteur, et un dispositif de refroidissement relié du côté gaz à la chambre de quench, le dispositif de refroidissement comprenant au moins une surface de chauffage, intégrée dans un circuit eau-vapeur et agencée dans le récipient de pression, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de quench est un tube (7) de quench ayant une section transversale inférieure à celle du réacteur, en ce qu'une chambre de déviation (9) est agencée à l'extrémité de sortie du tube de quench pour la déviation de 180° de l'écoulement de gaz sortant du tube de quench, et en ce que le tube de quench (7) est entouré de façon annulaire le long d'un trajet prédéfini d'au moins une surface de chauffage en faisceau (12) qui est traversée par l'écoulement, dévié de gaz, et en ce qu'à l'extrémité de sortie de la surface (12) de chauffage en faisceau est réalisée une chambre (18) d'accumulation de gaz qui est reliée au moins à un conduit (20) d'évacuation de gaz, traversant la paroi du récipient (1) de pression.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où la surface limite externe de la surface de chauffage en faisceau est disposée de manière libre en regard de la paroi interne du récipient de pression, la paroi interne est munie, au moins dans la zone de la surface (12) de chauffage en faisceau, d'un contre-mur (21).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface de chauffage en faisceau est agencée dans une chambre annulaire (14) qui est délimitée à l'intérieur par le tube (7) de quench et à l'extérieur par une paroi (11) externe de refroidissement agencée à distance de la paroi interne du récipient de pression (1).
  7. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube de quench (7) est réalisé sous la forme d'une paroi de refroidissement.
  8. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre extérieur de la paroi (11) de refroidissement ou de la surface (12) de chauffage en faisceau correspond à peu près au diamètre externe du réacteur de sorte qu'en direction de la paroi interne du récipient de pression, il reste un espace encore accessible.
  9. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (9) de déviation est réalisée sous la forme d'une chambre de rayonnement.
  10. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le fond (19a) de la chambre (18) d'accumulation de gaz est incliné par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du tube (7) de quench.
  11. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le fond (19) de la chambre (18) d'accumulation de gaz présente une section (19B) entourant à distance le tube de quench (7), section qui est appliquée d'une manière étanche avec son extrémité libre contre la paroi externe du tube (7) de quench.
  12. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le conduit (20) d'évacuation de gaz, relié à la chambre (8) d'accumulation de gaz, traverse la paroi du récipient de pression (1) sous un angle incliné par rapport à l'axe du tube (7) de quench.
  13. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le fond (19; 19A, 19B) de la chambre (18) d'accumulation de gaz et/ou le conduit (20) d'évacuation de gaz est/sont calorifugé(s).
  14. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 13, comprenant un récipient de pression agencé de manière verticale, un réacteur de gazéification agencé dans la partie inférieure du récipient de pression et un tube de quench agencé au-dessus du réacteur de gazéification ainsi qu'une surface de chauffage en faisceau, caractérisé en ce que le fond (19) de la chambre (18) d'accumulation de gaz et le conduit (20) d'évacuation de gaz sont inclinés dans la même direction.
  15. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 13, comprenant un récipient de pression agencé de façon verticale, caractérisé en ce que le réacteur (3) est agencé dans la partie supérieure du récipient (1) de pression et en ce que le gaz est évacué de l'extrémité inférieure du tube de quench faisant saillie vers le bas de sorte qu'une déviation s'effectue dans l'extrémité inférieure du récipient de pression.
  16. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 4 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la surface de chauffage en faisceau est une surface (12) de chauffage par convection.
EP94905054A 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Procede permettant de refroidir un gaz brut charge de poussieres, resultant de la gazeification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone Expired - Lifetime EP0630397B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4300776 1993-01-14
DE4300776A DE4300776C2 (de) 1993-01-14 1993-01-14 Verfahren zum Kühlen eines staubbeladenen Rohgases aus der Vergasung eines festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffes in einem Reaktor unter Druck und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
PCT/EP1994/000088 WO1994016039A1 (fr) 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Procede permettant de refroidir un gaz brut charge de poussieres, resultant de la gazification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0630397A1 EP0630397A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
EP0630397B1 true EP0630397B1 (fr) 1997-03-26

Family

ID=6478164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94905054A Expired - Lifetime EP0630397B1 (fr) 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Procede permettant de refroidir un gaz brut charge de poussieres, resultant de la gazeification d'un combustible solide contenant du carbone

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0630397B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4300776C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2103572T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994016039A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013219312A1 (de) * 2013-09-25 2015-03-26 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Teilkonvertierung von Rohgasen der Flugstromvergasung
DE102007045322B4 (de) * 2007-09-21 2017-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flugstromvergaser mit Kühlschirm und Gleitdichtung

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1596323A1 (de) * 1967-06-06 1970-04-02 Walther & Cie Ag Synthesegaserzeuger mit Gaskuehler,die in einem Druckzylinder angeordnet sind
DE2920372C2 (de) * 1979-05-19 1982-10-14 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh, 4300 Essen Gasgenerator für feinkörnige Kohle-Brennstoffe
CH643649A5 (de) * 1980-09-19 1984-06-15 Sulzer Ag Heissgaskuehler mit einem druckbehaelter.
DE3107156A1 (de) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-16 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Anlage zur erzeugung von gasfoermigen produkten
NL8203611A (nl) * 1981-10-03 1983-05-02 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Gasombuigkamer.
IN156182B (fr) * 1981-11-16 1985-06-01 Shell Int Research
DE3809313A1 (de) * 1988-03-19 1989-10-05 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kuehlen von partialoxidationsgas
US4859214A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-08-22 Shell Oil Company Process for treating syngas using a gas reversing chamber
DE3844347A1 (de) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-05 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Verfahren und strahlungskuehler zur strahlungskuehlung eines aus dem vergasungsreaktor austretenden produktgasmengenstromes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007045322B4 (de) * 2007-09-21 2017-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flugstromvergaser mit Kühlschirm und Gleitdichtung
DE102013219312A1 (de) * 2013-09-25 2015-03-26 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Teilkonvertierung von Rohgasen der Flugstromvergasung
DE102013219312B4 (de) 2013-09-25 2018-07-12 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Teilkonvertierung von Rohgasen der Flugstromvergasung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2103572T3 (es) 1997-09-16
DE59402198D1 (de) 1997-04-30
WO1994016039A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
DE4300776C2 (de) 1995-07-06
DE4300776A1 (de) 1994-07-21
EP0630397A1 (fr) 1994-12-28

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