EP0628351B1 - Method and device for separating a bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

During the separation of bulk material into at least two fractions with the use of a vibratory table (1) onto which the bulk material is put, very light and/or laminar particles with comparatively high-grade purity can be separated owing to the fact that the fraction which can be brought by vibration to the surface of the bulk material is drawn off upwards in the area of the discharge edge (10) of the vibratory table (1) by means of a suction nozzle (19) from the surface of the bulk-material mat accommodated on the vibratory table (1) and/or crossing the discharge edge (10), and that the remainder is discharged via the discharge edge (10). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for reading out absorbable particles from a bulk material, with at least one connected to an oscillating drive, in a housing arranged vibrating table, the at least one discharge edge and which has at least one removed from the discharge edge Feeder is assigned, the vibrating table is designed as an air-permeable sieve table, which from below with Air can be supplied via an exhaust duct from the Upper part of the housing is derivable.

A device of this type is known from FR-A 1123 112. This known arrangement is used to separate one dust-like and granular particles consisting of fraction the bulk material. For this, the known arrangement of Sieve table interspersed with an air flow that the separable, dusty and granular particles and via an exhaust air duct leading from the upper part of the housing is dissipated. Then the one to be removed arrives Particles laden air in a cyclone separator. The the Airflow penetrating the sieve table obviously has to be so strong here be that the particles to be separated are entrained. The The air passing through the bulk material is not used here particles to be separated in the area of the surface of the Enrich the bulk mat formed. It doesn't find one either targeted suction of the surface of this mat instead. Much more the air passing through the said mat must admit the entraining removing particles. This via the exhaust air duct The air flow that is removed must be very strong. A Fluidization of the bulk material is practically impossible prevent. A device for collecting and discharging by falling through the swing table designed as a sieve Particles is not provided in the known arrangement, what indicates that here the one that penetrates the vibrating table Air entrains these particles.

DE-C 946 521 shows a device for dedusting from Coal. This known device has an air permeable Swing table that is aerated from below, the over an exhaust duct can be removed from the upper part of the housing. In addition, there are two suction probes spanning the vibrating table provided, but connected to the exhaust duct mentioned are. The suction proboscis are above the place where the Vibration table positioned. The air flow through the With this arrangement, the vibrating table is dosed so that the Air flow the particles to be separated from the bulk material sweeps away. The desired dedusting of the coal takes place accordingly already with the help of the swing table penetrating air flow. The proboscis mentioned above serve only as support. The said proboscis are not equipped with their own suction line, but connected to the general exhaust duct through which all the air passing through the vibrating table is removed. In this known arrangement there is no device for Removal of particles falling through the vibrating table provided what is also on a strong, the swing table penetrating air flow.

DE-A 24 34 665 shows a device for separating Bulk material in several fractions. This well-known too The arrangement has a sieve table Vibration table that is traversed by an air stream. This is through above and below the vibrating table arranged blower generated and one of the upper housing part outgoing exhaust duct. This airflow is said to be light Carry away particles. A proboscis for suctioning off the Bulk surface enriched particles is not intended nor is there any arranged below the vibrating table Discharge device for those falling through the vibrating table Particles.

Based on this, it is therefore the task of the present one Invention, an arrangement of the type mentioned with simple and cost-effective means so that flat, comparatively light particles, such as scraps of film, etc. with comparatively high variety purity from a bulk material such as Compost etc. can be separated.

This object is achieved in that the Air flow through the vibrating table is so low that an Fluidization of the bulk material does not take place to suction the by the vibration of the vibrating table and by the Air passing through the vibrating table in the upper area of the Bulk-formed mat enriched particles at least one in a front in the transport direction of the vibrating table Area arranged, the swing table on its whole Across the width, via a separate one from the exhaust air duct Suction line provided with a suction hose for suction is that compared to the swing table in lowering and Longitudinal direction is adjustable, and that through the swing table falling through, fine-grained material by means of a below the Vibrating table arranged and removable is dissipatable.

Because there is no fluidization of what is picked up on the vibrating table Bulk goods are carried through the bulk mat penetrating air does not block the flat particles to be separated whirled up and carried away, but only upwards pressed and in the area of the surface of the bulk material mat concentrated so that suction can then take place. Since there is no fluidization, the flat particles align themselves also not according to the direction of the bulk mat penetrating air flow, but remain more advantageous Way in the way caused by the vibration of the vibrating table Flat lay, so that there is a large contact surface, which the Concentration of such particles on the surface of the Bulk goods mat and the subsequent suction facilitated. There there is of course no fluidization of the bulk material the possibility of smaller particles passing through the sieve table trained swing table fall down. This However, particles are removed using the one below the vibrating table arranged discharge device received and discharged, so that pollution and disability of the lower Machine area is reliably avoided.

Advantageous refinements and practical training of overriding measures are in the subclaims specified and from the example description below can be seen from the drawing.

Figur 1

einen Längsschnitt durch eine einstufige erfindungsgemäße Anordnung in schematischer Darstellung und

Figur 2

einen Längsschnitt durch eine zweistufige erfindungsgemäße Anordnung in schematischer Darstellung.

Two preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Here show:

Figure 1

a longitudinal section through a single-stage arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation and

Figure 2

a longitudinal section through a two-stage arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation.

The one-stage separating device on which FIG. 1 is based can be used, for example, to separate film residues from compost or from trays from regrind or from Serve dusts from granules etc. Here is a with an oscillating drive connected oscillating table 1 is provided. The vibratory drive consists of a by means of a Motor 2 driven eccentric shaft 3, which has a Push rod 4 with one fanned out by the vibrating table 1 Box 5 is connected, arranged resiliently is, as indicated by a spring 6. The swinging Box 5 forms the middle part of a housing, whose lower part 7 and upper part 8 via bellows 9 with the arranged in between, vibrating box 5 connected are.

The table edge shown on the right in the example shown of the vibrating table 1 forms a discharge edge 10, through which the vibrational movement promoted Is dropped well. For this is above the drop edge 10 sufficient space is provided, which in a acting as a good outlet, attached to the vibrating box 5 Slide 11 opens. In the area of the drop edge 10 distant edge of the table will be treated Bulk thrown onto the vibrating table 1. The for this provided loading device consists in the shown Example from a attached to the vibrating box 5 Slide 12 into which a stationary feed hopper 13 opens, which here by means of a conveyor belt 14 with the bulk material to be treated. The bulk material is conveyed by means of the swinging chute 12 distributed over the entire width of the vibrating table 1.

The bulk material applied to the vibrating table 1 forms practically a bulk material mat covering the vibrating table 1, within the due to the vibratory movements of the Vibration table 1 segregation takes place. The heavier particles concentrate in the lower layers, the lighter and flat particles in the upper layers. The flat particles are located itself due to the vibratory movements of the vibrating table 1 in a practically table-flat position. The dwell time of the bulk material on the vibrating table 1 can be regulated by its inclination. For this is the Vibration table 1 is suitably arranged so that its inclination is adjustable with respect to the discharge edge 10, as in Figure 1 is indicated by a double arrow. For this the vibrating table 1 is useful around a discharge edge Swivel axis.

To cause the vibration of the vibrating table 1 To promote segregation of the bulk material, the on the Swing table 1 bulk material mat picked up from below ventilated so that one is directed from bottom to top Air flow results. For this purpose, the vibrating table 1 is air-permeable sieve table. This exists in a manner known per se from a lower, as a flow mask Acting perforated plate 15 made of a fabric 16 is spanned. The air is through an air intake duct 17 introduced into the lower housing part 7 or alternatively arranged in the lower housing part 7 Fan generated and via an exhaust duct 18, the one Particulate matter can be assigned from the upper part of the housing 8 derived. The air flow is dosed so that fluidization of the vibrating table 1 bulk goods, i.e. that nothing in Levitation goes. Even the lighter and flat particles are therefore not whirled up, but only after pressed above, so that a concentration in the upper Laying the bulk material mat takes place. Because no fluidization takes place, the flat particles remain in the flat position caused by the vibration of the vibrating table 1, which creates a large area of attack for the air. The flat particles are therefore particularly good after pressed at the top and on the surface of the on the swing table 1 absorbed bulk mat concentrated. By the sieve can fall through fine-grained material. This can be conveniently provided in the lower housing part 7 Slide can be caught and led away.

Due to the vibratory movements of the vibrating table 1 and possibly the air flow rate on the surface and / or the upper area of the on the vibrating table 1 recorded bulk material concentrated particles are sucked up as the first fraction. The rest is dropped as a second fraction over the chute 10. To aspirate the first fraction is a Swing table 1 across its entire width Suction nozzle 19 provided on the vibrating box 5 recorded and connected to a suction Suction line 20 is connected. The induced draft is through a blower 21 generates. To vary the suction the suction line 20 with an adjustable false air flap 22 provided, over the more or less false air can be tightened. The fan 21 can therefore be constant Performance work. In the suction line 21 is a here separator 23 designed as a cyclone for separation of air and solids. The separator 23 is with a solid outlet designed as a lock wheel 24 provided over which the from the top of the Bulk material mat extracted particles are discharged can.

The inlet nozzle 25 of the suction nozzle 19 is opposite Vibration table 1 or the top of the recorded on it Bulk goods mat adjustable in height and adjustable arranged. For this purpose, the proboscis 19 with a the inlet nozzle 25 containing, telescopically on and extendable inlet connector 26 provided, the one and is arranged lockable. For setting the inlet connection 26 can for example be a manual actuatable spindle drive can be provided. But also one motorized operation, for example by means of a Cylinder-piston unit would be conceivable.

Likewise, the position of the inlet nozzle 25 with respect the discharge edge 10 in the conveying direction of the vibrating table 1 be adjustable. For this purpose, the end area of the proboscis 19 easily slidably or pivotally arranged be, as indicated by broken lines. To Once the setting has been made, the fixation e.g. by means of made a clamping device. The proboscis 19 is located with its inlet nozzle 25 always in one Transport direction of the vibrating table 1 front, the Throwing edge 10 containing or adjacent to this area: In some cases, e.g. in the extraction of Shells, it can be useful if the proboscis 19 with its inlet nozzle 25 near the discharge edge Quarter of the vibrating table 1 is located. In the illustrated Example, the proboscis 19 is arranged so that its Central axis from the discharge edge 10 around the width of the inlet nozzle 25 is removed. In other cases, e.g. at the Sucking off film residues, it can be advantageous if the suction nozzle 19 with its inlet nozzle 25 at least partially extends beyond the discharge edge 10, e.g. so is set that the axis of the inlet nozzle 25 on the discharge edge 10 is aligned. This allows with the material that has already passed the chute edge 10 has, by means of the adjoining to the discharge edge Chute suctioned air a certain Achieve counterflow classifier effect and thus the selection still improve.

By adjusting the distance of the inlet nozzle 25 from the Top of the bulk material mat, by adjusting the Suction by appropriate dosing of the tightened False air and by positioning the Input nozzle 25 can the suction effect of the suction nozzle 19th and adjust the desired suction depth accordingly become. This enables the composition the first suctioned off by means of the suction nozzle 19 Adjust fraction precisely. Based on a visual observation of the material discharged via the lock wheel 24 can be readjusted. It this adjustment by automatic would also be conceivable Monitoring of the discharged material.

In the two-stage arrangement on which FIG. 2 is based is a separator forming the second stage a type forming the first stage described above Device for reading heavy parts upstream. Hereby it is possible to use the bulk material to be treated, for example compost, heavy parts such as stones, broken glass etc., which reads out the second stage assigned separation process can be optimized. The the separator forming the second stage corresponds in terms of their basic structure to that described above Contraption. On another, detailed Description is therefore omitted. The following will primarily on the specifics of the arrangement received according to Figure 2, with respect to the second Step forming separator for same parts the same Use reference numerals as above.

The device for heavy part reading forming the first stage is known as a counterflow sifter educated. This consists of one in one with one Vibrating drive connected vibration box 28 arranged Vibrating sieve 29, which is formed by a perforated plate Flow mask and a tissue spanning this is formed. Above the vibrating screen 28 is a good inlet 29 arranged here by a vibrating Box 27 included slide and one opening into it Feed tube is formed in the to be treated Thrown in well, as indicated by a conveyor belt is. The vibrating screen 28 becomes through the material feed 29 bulk material applied across its entire width.

The box 27 of the first receiving the vibrating screen 28 Stage and the box 5 of the vibrating table 1 second stage are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and by means of associated tie rods 4, 4a a common eccentric shaft 3 can be driven. This is for this purpose with offset in the circumferential direction Eccentrics provide that boxes 5 and 27 are horizontal swing in opposite directions, which facilitates mass balancing. The eccentricities of the eccentrics and accordingly the amplitudes of the vibrations caused thereby Boxes 5 and 27 are adapted to the respective separation task. The vibrating box 27 is with a bellows 9 an associated lower housing part 30 to which a supply air duct 31 is connected or into which a fan is installed. On the exhaust side there is one over both boxes 5, 27 extending housing upper part 32 is provided connected to bellows 9 with the respective associated box Has inlet connection and to a common Exhaust air duct 18a is connected, which is a dust separator can be assigned. Of course it would be also conceivable, separate upper housing parts and exhaust air ducts to provide. The common drive device is located in the area between the lower housing parts 7 and 30, which are indented chamber-shaped for this purpose. The the boxes 5, 27 associated oscillating springs 6, 6a are located accordingly in the area of the facing away from each other Box sides.

The edge of the vibrating screen facing away from the vibrating table 1 28 acts as its discharge edge 33, starting from the the vibrating screen 28 is arranged with a slope. The angle of inclination can be adjustable, as with a double arrow is indicated. Above the drop edge 33 is here an adjustable flap 34 is arranged by means of of which the good outlet assigned to the discharge edge 33 35 attracted false air can be set.

The air supplied by means of the supply air duct 31 becomes so doses that, in contrast to the vibrating table 1, fluidization of the bulk material picked up on the vibrating screen 28 he follows. The entire bulk material is included Except for those that remain on the vibrating screen 28 Heavy parts whirled up. The heavy parts are through Vibration transport to the discharge edge 33 promoted and over thrown them into the good outlet 35, accordingly acts as a heavy part outlet. The whirled up Light goods float in the direction of the gradient of the vibrating screen 28 from its lower edge and passes here one the distance between the adjacent edges of vibrating screen 28 and vibrating table 1 bridging Guide device 36 on the vibrating table 1. Die vom Vibrating sieve 28 forms floating light material fraction accordingly the input material for the second Level at which the particularly light and / or just as well behavioral, flat particles through the of the discharge edge 10 assigned proboscis 19 are sucked upwards. In some cases it can be useful, even the the discharge edge 10 diametrically opposite discharge edge 33 of the vibrating screen 28 a preferably adjustable Suction nozzle for suctioning through the heavy goods assigned to entrained light particles. In cases this type of flap 34 can be omitted. That in the area the discharge edge 33 can be sucked off either Separator 23 or preferably the vibrating table 1 be further separated.

The guide device 36 is simple in the example shown than at a above the descent edge 37 of the Vibrating sieve 28 arranged window attached slide formed a window of the adjacent wall of the Box 5 reaches through and above the far edge Range of the vibrating table 1 ends. In cases of this kind there is of course a pressure equalization between the spaces above the vibrating screen 28 and Vibration table 1. To prevent such Pressure equalization could serve as a guiding device be provided in connection with separate upper housing parts.

The vibrating screen 28 and the vibrating table 1 are shown in the Example the same size. The air flow through the vibrating table 1 is, however, much smaller than that Air flow through the vibrating screen 28. The air flow through the vibrating table 1 is depending on the composition of the material to be treated 0.2 to 0.75 of the air flow through the vibrating screen 28, above it in contrast to the downstream stage fluidization of the light goods he follows. In the second stage, those at the Top of the bulk material mass lying on the vibrating table 1 concentrated, particularly light and / or flat particles by means of the suction nozzle 19 upwards aspirated and in the separator upstream of the blower 21 23 deposited.

Claims (8)

1. Device for the separation of particles capable of being extracted from a bulk material, with at least one vibratory table (1) fitted in a housing and connected to a vibratory drive (2,2), having at least one discharge edge (10) and being assigned at least one feeder (12; 36) at a distance from the discharge edge (10), wherein the vibratory table (1) is in the form of an air-permeable screening table which can be fed from below with air with may be drawn off from the top section (8) of the housing via an outlet air duct (18), characterized in that the airflow through the vibratory table (1) is so adjustable that fluidisation of the bulk material does not occur, that to suck off the mat of concentrated particles formed in the upper zone of the bulk material through the vibration of the vibratory table (1) and by the air passing through the vibratory table (1), there is provided at least one suction tube (19), located in a frontal zone in the direction of feed of the vibratory table (1), overlapping the vibratory table (1) along its entire width, capable of being provided with an induced draught via a suction line (20) separate from the outlet air duct (18), and adjustable relative to the vibratory table (1) in the lowering and longitudinal direction, and that fine-grained material falling through the vibratory table (1) may be collected and removed by means of a removal device mounted below the vibratory table (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction tube (19) has a telescopically extending and adjustable inlet nozzle (26).
3. Device according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction tube (19) is assigned an adjustable secondary air inlet (22).
4. Device according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction tube (19) has a swivelling inlet zone.
5. Device according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction tube (19) is connected to a separator (23) which is connected to an exhaust fan (21).
6. Device according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow through the vibrating screen forming the vibratory table (1) is in the range between 0.2 and 0.75 of the air flow of a counter-current classifier of comparable size.
7. Device according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feeder assigned to the vibratory table (1), the slope of which is preferably adjustable relative to its discharge edge (10), is in the form of a light material outlet of an upstream counter-current classifier which has an air-permeable vibratory screen (28) which may be driven in the opposite direction to the vibratory table (1), which is arranged so as to rise from its floating-off edge (37) to its discharge edge (33) lying opposite the former and which may be supplied with bulk material, wherein the vibratory screen (28) and the vibratory table (1) are preferably arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction, and are linked to one another by means of a guide element (36) bridging the gap and preferably in the form of a chute.
8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the discharge edge (10) of the vibratory table (1) and the discharge edge (33) of the upstream counter-current classifier are each assigned an adjustable suction tube (19).

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