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EP0628145B1 - Method for detecting fault locations - Google Patents

Method for detecting fault locations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0628145B1
EP0628145B1 EP92905219A EP92905219A EP0628145B1 EP 0628145 B1 EP0628145 B1 EP 0628145B1 EP 92905219 A EP92905219 A EP 92905219A EP 92905219 A EP92905219 A EP 92905219A EP 0628145 B1 EP0628145 B1 EP 0628145B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
sensor
pipes
winding
pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP92905219A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0628145A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Brandes
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21LLIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
    • F21L4/00Electric lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
    • F17D5/04Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss by means of a signalling fluid enclosed in a double wall

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Line pipes serve e.g. for the transfer of liquid media for district heating systems.
  • a conduit there is in the filling material e.g. Polyurethane, in the space between the inner tube and the outer tube an electrically accessible conductor, with which fault points such as e.g. Pipe leaks can be detected and located.
  • An insulated cable is also provided for the transmission of measurement data from a control point to an evaluation point, which can lie inside the filling material or can also run separately from the tube outside of the tube. It is also known to use rental cables or the TEMEX service of the Deutsche Bundespost for data transmission. Such a data transmission thus requires additional lines or charges for existing data transmission lines.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the effort and cost of data transmission in such a conduit.
  • the sensor generally consists of a non-insulated, bare wire that is exposed to the environment, in particular the filler, without protection. Occurring moisture e.g. acts directly on the sensor so that it is a very sensitive component. This high sensitivity of the sensor is necessary because otherwise it cannot fulfill its function as a sensor. Therefore, it was previously assumed that the sensor is not suitable for the transmission of data because of the high sensitivity to the environment. Surprisingly, it was found that the sensor can be used for the transmission of the data despite this extremely unavoidable sensitivity. It has even been shown that the data transmission is only impaired at an astonishingly high threshold value of moisture and thus a low ohmic resistance to earth in the area of the sensor.
  • the dual use of the sensor according to the invention results in several advantages.
  • Existing cables or other transmission links for data transmission can be omitted.
  • a cable break in the course of the sensor is even reported twice, because in addition to the sensor error message, there is also a data failure.
  • Decoupling in terms of circuitry and working in different frequency ranges also ensure that the two functions work as far as possible without interference.
  • retrofitting of old systems is in the direction a data transfer easily possible.
  • This option also allows house stations and similar facilities to be included in the control. The personnel expenditure for monitoring the pipeline can be significantly reduced and at the same time the operational safety can be increased.
  • the data source and / or the data sink is preferably inductively or capacitively coupled to the sensor. This ensures a separation from the actual sensor function working with DC voltage.
  • the second wire is preferably used for the transmission of the data.
  • the wire serving as a return conductor generally has fewer branches than the measuring wire itself and is therefore less exposed to faults and errors.
  • a piping system consists of a first pipe for the feed and a second pipe for the return. Then the cores of the two tubes serving as return conductors can be used as a symmetrical line for the transmission of the data.
  • the data is preferably transmitted in the form of digital signals which are modulated onto a carrier in frequency modulation.
  • fork circuits are preferably provided, which enable a circuit-based separation of the data and the energy.
  • the senor can simultaneously perform three tasks. It serves firstly as a pure sensor for determining and locating a fault location, secondly for the described transmission of the data and thirdly for the transmission of energy which is used at the control points or external points to generate operating voltages for active components is required.
  • the sensor function is carried out by means of a DC voltage, the data transmission by means of a modulated carrier of approximately 1-5 kHz or even up to 50 kHz and the energy transmission by means of an AC voltage of 50 Hz, from which the required operating voltages are obtained by rectification.
  • the circuits for data transmission generally contain active components that require an operating voltage.
  • an operating voltage can be generated with a pelletizing element.
  • Such an element generates an operating voltage from a temperature difference at its two electrons. It is then possible to dispense with the supply of an operating voltage at certain points along the entire pipeline route.
  • the feed pipe and the return pipe for the medium are each connected to the two electrodes of the pelletizing element with a pipe socket which is closed at the end.
  • the conduit R consists of the inner pipe 1 carrying the medium, the outer pipe 2 surrounding the inner pipe 1 with a space, and the filling material 3 arranged in the space made of e.g. Polyurethane and the sensor in the form of a bare wire 4.
  • the wire 4 stored in the filling material 3 without insulation serves as a sensor for determining a fault location, e.g. a pipe leak and also for the transmission of measurement data.
  • the sensor S is connected to the measuring system MS, which consists of the wire A1 serving for measurement and the wire A2 serving as return conductor.
  • the sensor S runs in the pipe R according to FIG. 1 and is led out of the pipe R at feeders Z1, Z2 for monitoring purposes.
  • Data D is coupled into the sensor S from the data processing DV via the data transcoder DT.
  • the data are evaluated in the data decoder DD and fed to the data acquisition and / or process control DEP.
  • the double arrows indicate that the data transmission is preferably bidirectional.
  • the data D are transmitted in the form of digital signals which are modulated onto a carrier of 50 kHz, for example, by frequency modulation.
  • the frequency of the carrier can also be lower, for example in the range from 1 to 5 kHz. This frequency position can be advantageous in order to meet postal demands.
  • the frequency of the carrier is shifted between two values for the two binary values of the digital signal. Another possibility consists in the carrier being present for the binary value "1" and blanked out for the binary value "0".
  • the data path D is connected to the winding W1 of the transformer U1, the primary winding W2 of which is connected to the two wires A1 of the two Piping R1, R2 is connected.
  • the energy path E is connected to the winding W3 of the transformer U2, the winding W4 of which lies between the center tap of the winding W2 and the interconnected inner tubes 1 of the two pipes R1, R2. This point is the reference point or the earth point for the circuit shown.
  • the wires A1 fulfilling the sensor function of the two pipelines R1, R2 thus additionally form a symmetrical line for data transmission.
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit which corresponds essentially to the circuit according to FIG. 2.
  • the two conduits R1, R2 each contain a sensor S1, S2 with the actual measuring wire A1 shown in greater detail and the wire A2 serving as a return conductor.
  • the measuring wire A1 is led out into houses H1, H2 for monitoring purposes.
  • the two wires A2 serving as return conductors of the two pipelines R1, R2 additionally serve as a symmetrical line for the transmission of the data D and the energy E.
  • the hybrid circuit with the two transmitters U1, U2 according to FIG. 3 is again provided.
  • the coupling and decoupling of the data D does not take place inductively, as in FIG. 4, but capacitively.
  • the data D are coupled into the sensor S via the capacitors C1, C2.
  • the capacitors C3, C4 With the capacitors C3, C4 the data are decoupled and fed to the data decoder DD.
  • the pipeline R1 carries the medium with a temperature of + 90 ° C for the flow, while the pipeline R2 serving as a return conductor carries the medium with a temperature of + 50 ° C.
  • a pipe socket 5 is attached to the pipe R1, into which the medium penetrates, but which is ended at the end with a blind flange 6.
  • the blind flange 6 is in thermal contact with the electrode 7 of the pelletizing element 8 shown.
  • the pipeline R2 is provided for the return via the corrugated pipe connecting piece 9 which serves to compensate for expansion and which is closed at the end with the blind flange 10 and is connected to the electrode 11 of the pelletizing element 8. With this arrangement, the electrode 7 assumes a temperature of approximately + 90 ° C.
  • FIG. 6 it can be expedient in FIG. 6 to connect the two raw sockets 5, 9, which are separated by the element 8, via the tube 13.
  • the manually adjustable valve 14 is also provided in the tube 13.
  • the tube 13 forms a small so-called bypass, which also prevents cooling on the pelletizing element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

A pipe with an inner pipe (1) conveying the medium and an outer pipe (2) comprise a sensor (S) in the packing (3) between the pipes for detecting fault locations. In addition, data (D) are transmitted via a cable fitted to the pipe. The aim is to reduce the costs for transmitting the data (D). According to the invention, the sensor (S) is also used to transmit the data (D). Especially for a pipe for conveying liquid media for remote heating.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Leitungsrohre dienen z.B. zur Übertragung flüssiger Medien für Fernheizungssysteme. Bei einem derartigen Leitungsrohr liegt in dem Füllmaterial, z.B. Polyurethan, in dem Zwischenraum zwischen dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr ein elektrisch zugänglicher Leiter, mit dem durch Widerstandsmessung Fehlerstellen wie z.B. Rohrleckagen festgestellt und geortet werden können. Zur Übertragung von Meßdaten von einer Kontrollstelle zu einer Auswertstelle ist außerdem ein isoliertes Kabel vorgesehen, das innerhalb des Füllmaterials liegen oder auch außerhalb des Rohres getrennt von diesem verlaufen kann. Es ist auch bekannt, für die Datenübertragung Mietkabel oder den TEMEX-Dienst der Deutschen Bundespost auszunutzen. Eine derartige Datenübertragung erfordert somit einen zusätzlichen Aufwand an Leitungen oder Gebühren für bereits vorhandene Datenübertragungsleitungen.Line pipes serve e.g. for the transfer of liquid media for district heating systems. With such a conduit there is in the filling material e.g. Polyurethane, in the space between the inner tube and the outer tube an electrically accessible conductor, with which fault points such as e.g. Pipe leaks can be detected and located. An insulated cable is also provided for the transmission of measurement data from a control point to an evaluation point, which can lie inside the filling material or can also run separately from the tube outside of the tube. It is also known to use rental cables or the TEMEX service of the Deutsche Bundespost for data transmission. Such a data transmission thus requires additional lines or charges for existing data transmission lines.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem derartigen Leitungsrohr den Aufwand und die Kosten für die Datenübertragung zu verringern.The invention has for its object to reduce the effort and cost of data transmission in such a conduit.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Sensor zusätzlich zur Übertragung der Daten ausgenutzt ist. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the sensor is additionally used for the transmission of the data. Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Der Sensor besteht im allgemeinen aus einem nicht isolierten, blanken Draht, der ungeschützt der Umgebung, insbesondere dem Füllmaterial, ausgesetzt ist. Auftretende Feuchtigkeit z.B. wirkt unmittelbar auf den Sensor ein, so daß dieser ein sehr empfindliches Bauteil darstellt. Diese hohe Empfindlichkeit des Sensors ist notwendig, da er sonst seine Funktion als Sensor nicht erfüllen kann. Deshalb wurde bislang angenommen, daß der Sensor wegen der großen Sensitivität gegenüber der Umgebung für die Übertragung von Daten nicht geeignet ist. Überraschend wurde festgestellt, daß der Sensor trotz dieser extremen unvermeidbaren Sensitivität für die Übertragung der Daten eingesetzt werden kann. Es hat sich sogar gezeigt, daß die Datenübertragung erst bei einem erstaunlich hohen Schwellwert von Feuchtigkeit und somit niedrigem ohmschen Widerstand gegen Erde im Bereich des Sensors beeinträchtigt wird.The sensor generally consists of a non-insulated, bare wire that is exposed to the environment, in particular the filler, without protection. Occurring moisture e.g. acts directly on the sensor so that it is a very sensitive component. This high sensitivity of the sensor is necessary because otherwise it cannot fulfill its function as a sensor. Therefore, it was previously assumed that the sensor is not suitable for the transmission of data because of the high sensitivity to the environment. Surprisingly, it was found that the sensor can be used for the transmission of the data despite this extremely unavoidable sensitivity. It has even been shown that the data transmission is only impaired at an astonishingly high threshold value of moisture and thus a low ohmic resistance to earth in the area of the sensor.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Doppelausnutzung des Sensors, einerseits für die Sensorfunktion zur Ermittlung von Fehlerstellen selbst und andererseits für die Datenübertragung ergeben sich mehrere Vorteile. Bisherige Kabel oder sonstige Übertragungsstrecken für die Datenübertragung können entfallen. Ein Kabelbruch im Verlauf des Sensors wird sogar doppelt gemeldet, da dann neben der Sensor-Fehlermeldung zusätzlich ein Ausfall der Daten auftritt. Durch schaltungsmäßige Entkopplung und Arbeit in verschiedenen Frequenzbereichen ist auch eine weitestgehend rückwirkungsfreie Arbeitsweise für die beiden Funktionen gewährleistet. Durch die Ausnutzung des im allgemeinen ohnehin vorhandenen Sensors für die Datenübertragung ist eine Nachrüstung von Altanlagen in Richtung einer Datenübertragung leicht möglich. Durch diese Möglichkeit können auch Hausstationen und ähnliche Einrichtungen in die Kontrolle einbezogen werden. Der Personalaufwand für die Überwachung der Rohrleitung kann wesentlich reduziert und gleichzeitig die Betriebssicherheit erhöht werden.The dual use of the sensor according to the invention, on the one hand for the sensor function for determining fault locations themselves and on the other hand for data transmission, results in several advantages. Existing cables or other transmission links for data transmission can be omitted. A cable break in the course of the sensor is even reported twice, because in addition to the sensor error message, there is also a data failure. Decoupling in terms of circuitry and working in different frequency ranges also ensure that the two functions work as far as possible without interference. By utilizing the sensor for data transmission, which is generally present anyway, retrofitting of old systems is in the direction a data transfer easily possible. This option also allows house stations and similar facilities to be included in the control. The personnel expenditure for monitoring the pipeline can be significantly reduced and at the same time the operational safety can be increased.

Vorzugsweise ist die Datenquelle und/oder die Datensenke induktiv oder kapazitiv an den Sensor angekoppelt. Dadurch wird eine Trennung von der mit Gleichspannung arbeitenden eigentlichen Sensorfunktion sichergestellt. Bei einem Sensor mit einer ersten, als Fühler für eine Fehlerstelle dienenden Ader und mit einer zweiten, als Rückleiter dienenden Ader wird vorzugsweise die zweite Ader für die Übertragung der Daten ausgenutzt. Die als Rückleiter dienende Ader hat im allgemeinen weniger Abzweigungen als die Meßader selbst und ist daher weniger den Störungen und Fehlern ausgesetzt.The data source and / or the data sink is preferably inductively or capacitively coupled to the sensor. This ensures a separation from the actual sensor function working with DC voltage. In the case of a sensor with a first wire serving as a sensor for a fault location and with a second wire serving as a return conductor, the second wire is preferably used for the transmission of the data. The wire serving as a return conductor generally has fewer branches than the measuring wire itself and is therefore less exposed to faults and errors.

Im allgemeinen besteht ein Rohrleitungssystem aus einem ersten Rohr für den Hinlauf und einem zweiten Rohr für den Rücklauf. Dann können die als Rückleiter dienenden Adern der beiden Rohre als symmetrische Leitung für die Übertragung der Daten ausgenutzt werden. Die Übertragung der Daten erfolgt vorzugsweise in Form digitaler Signale, die einem Träger in Frequenzmodulation aufmoduliert sind.In general, a piping system consists of a first pipe for the feed and a second pipe for the return. Then the cores of the two tubes serving as return conductors can be used as a symmetrical line for the transmission of the data. The data is preferably transmitted in the form of digital signals which are modulated onto a carrier in frequency modulation.

An der Speisestelle oder der Entnahmestelle sind vorzugsweise Gabelschaltungen vorgesehen, die eine schaltungsmäßige Trennung der Daten und der Energie ermöglichen.At the feeding point or the tapping point, fork circuits are preferably provided, which enable a circuit-based separation of the data and the energy.

Der Sensor kann in einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung gleichzeitig drei Aufgaben erfüllen. Er dient erstens als reiner Sensor zur Ermittlung und Ortung einer Fehlerstelle, zweitens zu der beschriebenen Übertragung der Daten und drittens zur Übertragung einer Energie, die an den Kontrollstellen oder Außenstellen zur Erzeugung von Betriebsspannungen für aktive Bauteile benötigt wird. Beispielsweise erfolgt die Sensorfunktion mittels einer Gleichspannung, die Datenübertragung mittels eines modulierten Trägers von etwa 1 - 5 kHz oder auch bis zu 50 kHz und die Energieübertragung mittels einer Wechselspannung von 50 Hz, aus der durch Gleichrichtung die benötigten Betriebsspannungen gewonnen werden.In a further development of the invention, the sensor can simultaneously perform three tasks. It serves firstly as a pure sensor for determining and locating a fault location, secondly for the described transmission of the data and thirdly for the transmission of energy which is used at the control points or external points to generate operating voltages for active components is required. For example, the sensor function is carried out by means of a DC voltage, the data transmission by means of a modulated carrier of approximately 1-5 kHz or even up to 50 kHz and the energy transmission by means of an AC voltage of 50 Hz, from which the required operating voltages are obtained by rectification.

Die Schaltungen für die Datenübertragung enthalten im allgemeinen aktive Bauteile, die eine Betriebsspannung benötigen. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann eine solche Betriebsspannung mit einem Pelletier-Element erzeugt werden. Ein derartiges Element erzeugt aus einer Temperaturdifferenz an seinen beiden Elektronen eine Betriebsspannung. Dann kann an bestimmten Stellen der gesamten Rohrleitungsstrecke auf die Zuführung einer Betriebsspannung verzichtet werden. Bei einer solchen Lösung ist vorzugsweise das Hinlaufrohr und Rücklaufrohr für das Medium je mit einem am Ende geschlossenen Rohrstutzen mit den beiden Elektroden des Pelletier-Elementes verbunden.The circuits for data transmission generally contain active components that require an operating voltage. According to a development of the invention, such an operating voltage can be generated with a pelletizing element. Such an element generates an operating voltage from a temperature difference at its two electrons. It is then possible to dispense with the supply of an operating voltage at certain points along the entire pipeline route. In such a solution, the feed pipe and the return pipe for the medium are each connected to the two electrodes of the pelletizing element with a pipe socket which is closed at the end.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Darin zeigen

Fig. 1
den grundätzlichen Aufbau des Leitungsrohres mit dem als Sensor und Datenübertrager dienenden Leiter,
Fig. 2
ein vereinfachtes Blockschaltbild für die erfindungsgemäße Lösung,
Fig. 3
eine Schaltungsbeispiel für die Einspeisung und Entnahme der Daten und einer Energie,
Fig. 4
ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit induktiver Einkopp lung,
Fig. 5
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel mit kapazitiver Ein- und Auskopplung und
Fig. 6
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Erzeugung einer Betriebsspannung mit einem Pelletier-Element.
Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show in it
Fig. 1
the basic structure of the conduit with the conductor serving as a sensor and data transmitter,
Fig. 2
a simplified block diagram for the solution according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a circuit example for the feeding and extraction of data and energy,
Fig. 4
an embodiment with inductive coupling,
Fig. 5
another embodiment with capacitive coupling and decoupling and
Fig. 6
an embodiment for generating an operating voltage with a pelletizing element.

In Fig. 1 besteht das Leitungsrohr R aus dem das Medium führende Innenrohr 1, dem das Innenrohr 1 mit Zwischenraum umgebenden Außenrohr 2, dem im Zwischenraum angeordneten Füllmaterial 3 aus z.B. Polyurethan sowie dem Sensor in Form eines blanken Drahtes 4. Der ohne Isolation im Füllmaterial 3 gelagerte Draht 4 dient als Sensor zur Ermittlung einer Fehlerstelle wie z.B. einer Rohrleckage und zusätzlich für die Übertragung von Meßdaten.In Fig. 1, the conduit R consists of the inner pipe 1 carrying the medium, the outer pipe 2 surrounding the inner pipe 1 with a space, and the filling material 3 arranged in the space made of e.g. Polyurethane and the sensor in the form of a bare wire 4. The wire 4 stored in the filling material 3 without insulation serves as a sensor for determining a fault location, e.g. a pipe leak and also for the transmission of measurement data.

In Fig. 2 ist an das Meßsystem MS der Sensor S angeschlossen, der aus der zur Messung dienenden Ader A1 und der als Rückleiter dienenden Ader A2 besteht. Der Sensor S verläuft in dem Rohr R gemäß Fig. 1 und ist an Zuführungen Z1, Z2 aus der Rohrleitung R zu Überwachungszwecken herausgeführt. Von der Datenverarbeitung DV werden Daten D über den Datentranskoder DT in den Sensor S eingekoppelt. Je nach Bedarf werden die Daten in dem Datendekoder DD ausgewertet und der Datenerfassung und/oder Prozeßsteuerung DEP zugeführt. Die Doppelpfeile zeigen an, daß die Datenübertragung vorzugsweise bidirektional erfolgt. Der Sensor 5, der sich in der Regel über die gesamte Länge der Rohrleitung R erstreckt, dient also einmal zur Meldung einer Fehlerstelle an das Meßsystem MS und andererseits zur Übertragung der Daten D zwischen den dargestellten Bauteilen. Die Daten D werden in Form von digitalen Signalen übertragen, die einem Träger von z.B. 50 kHz durch Frequenzmodulation aufmoduliert sind. Die Frequenz des Trägers kann auch niedriger liegen, z.B. im Bereich von 1 bis 5 kHz. Diese Frequenzlage kann vorteilhaft sein, um postalische Forderungen zu erfüllen. Dabei ist die Frequenz des Trägers für die beiden binären Werte des digitalen Signals zwischen zwei Werten umgetastet. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß der Träger für den binären Wert "1" vorhanden und für den binären Wert "0" ausgetastet ist.In Fig. 2, the sensor S is connected to the measuring system MS, which consists of the wire A1 serving for measurement and the wire A2 serving as return conductor. The sensor S runs in the pipe R according to FIG. 1 and is led out of the pipe R at feeders Z1, Z2 for monitoring purposes. Data D is coupled into the sensor S from the data processing DV via the data transcoder DT. Depending on requirements, the data are evaluated in the data decoder DD and fed to the data acquisition and / or process control DEP. The double arrows indicate that the data transmission is preferably bidirectional. The sensor 5, which usually extends over the entire length of the pipeline R, thus serves on the one hand to report a fault to the measuring system MS and on the other hand to transmit the data D between the components shown. The data D are transmitted in the form of digital signals which are modulated onto a carrier of 50 kHz, for example, by frequency modulation. The frequency of the carrier can also be lower, for example in the range from 1 to 5 kHz. This frequency position can be advantageous in order to meet postal demands. The frequency of the carrier is shifted between two values for the two binary values of the digital signal. Another possibility consists in the carrier being present for the binary value "1" and blanked out for the binary value "0".

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Gabelschaltung zur Einkopplung oder Auskopplung der Daten D und der zur Sensorfunktion oder zur Speisung von aktiven Schaltungen benötigten Energie E. Die Datenstrecke D ist an die Wicklung W1 des Übertragers Ü1 angeschlossen, dessen Primärwicklung W2 an die beiden Adern A1 der beiden Rohrleitungen R1, R2 angeschlossen ist. Die Energiestrecke E ist an die Wicklung W3 des Übertragers Ü2 angeschlossen, dessen Wicklung W4 zwischen dem Mittelabgriff der Wicklung W2 und den mit einander verbundenen Innenrohren 1 der beiden Rohrleitungen R1, R2 liegt. Dieser Punkt ist der Bezugspunkt oder der Erdpunkt für die dargestellte Schaltung. Die die Sensorfunktion erfüllenden Adern A1 der beiden Rohrleitungen R1, R2 bilden also zusätzlich eine symmetrische Leitung für die Datenübertragung.3 shows a hybrid circuit for coupling or decoupling the data D and the energy E required for the sensor function or for feeding active circuits. The data path D is connected to the winding W1 of the transformer U1, the primary winding W2 of which is connected to the two wires A1 of the two Piping R1, R2 is connected. The energy path E is connected to the winding W3 of the transformer U2, the winding W4 of which lies between the center tap of the winding W2 and the interconnected inner tubes 1 of the two pipes R1, R2. This point is the reference point or the earth point for the circuit shown. The wires A1 fulfilling the sensor function of the two pipelines R1, R2 thus additionally form a symmetrical line for data transmission.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Schaltung, die im wesentlichen der Schaltung nach Fig. 2 entspricht. Die beiden Leitungsrohre R1, R2 enthalten je einen Sensor S1, S2 mit der stärker gezeichneten eigentlichen Meßader A1 und der als Rückleiter dienenden Ader A2. An verschiedenen Stellen ist die Meßader A1 in Häuser H1, H2 zur Überwachungszwecken herausgeführt. Die beiden als Rückleiter dienenden Adern A2 der beiden Rohrleitungen R1, R2 dienen zusätzlich als symmetrische Leitung zur Übertragung der Daten D und der Energie E. Für die Einkopplung oder Auskopplung ist wieder die Gabelschaltung mit den beiden Übertragern Ü1, Ü2 gemäß Fig. 3 vorgesehen.FIG. 4 shows a circuit which corresponds essentially to the circuit according to FIG. 2. The two conduits R1, R2 each contain a sensor S1, S2 with the actual measuring wire A1 shown in greater detail and the wire A2 serving as a return conductor. At various points, the measuring wire A1 is led out into houses H1, H2 for monitoring purposes. The two wires A2 serving as return conductors of the two pipelines R1, R2 additionally serve as a symmetrical line for the transmission of the data D and the energy E. For coupling or decoupling, the hybrid circuit with the two transmitters U1, U2 according to FIG. 3 is again provided.

In Fig. 5 erfolgt die Einkopplung und Auskopplung der Daten D nicht wie in Fig. 4 induktiv, sondern kapazitiv. Von der Kontrollstelle K werden die Daten D über die Kondensatoren C1, C2 in den Sensor S eingekoppelt. Mit den Kondensatoren C3, C4 werden die Daten ausgekoppelt und dem Datendekoder DD zugeführt.In FIG. 5, the coupling and decoupling of the data D does not take place inductively, as in FIG. 4, but capacitively. From the control point K, the data D are coupled into the sensor S via the capacitors C1, C2. With the capacitors C3, C4 the data are decoupled and fed to the data decoder DD.

In Fig. 6 führt die Rohrleitung R1 für den Hinlauf das Medium mit einer Temperatur von +90° C, während die als Rückleiter dienende Rohrleitung R2 das Medium mit einer Temperatur von +50° C führt. An die Rohrleitung R1 ist ein Rohrstutzen 5 angesetzt, in den das Medium eindringt, der aber am Ende mit einem Blindflansch 6 abgeschlossen ist. Der Blindflansch 6 steht mit der Elektrode 7 des dargestellten Pelletier-Elementes 8 in Wärmekontakt. Entsprechend ist die Rohrleitung R2 für den Rücklauf über den zum Dehnungsausgleich dienenden Wellrohr-Rohrstutzen 9 versehen, der am Ende mit dem Blindflansch 10 abgeschlossen ist und mit der Elektrode 11 des Pelletier-Elementes 8 in Verbindung steht. Durch diese Anordnung nimmt die Elektrode 7 eine Temperatur von etwa +90° C und die Elektrode 11 eine Temperatur von etwa +50° C an. Durch diese Temperaturdifferenz wird durch die Eigenart des Pelletier-Elementes 8 an den Klemmen 12 eine Betriebsspannung UB erzeugt. Diese kann an den verschiedenen Stellen der Anordnung nach Fig. 2, 4, 5 zur Speisung aktiver Bauteile wie Verstärker, Impedanzwandler, Prozessoren und dgl. verwendet werden.In Fig. 6, the pipeline R1 carries the medium with a temperature of + 90 ° C for the flow, while the pipeline R2 serving as a return conductor carries the medium with a temperature of + 50 ° C. A pipe socket 5 is attached to the pipe R1, into which the medium penetrates, but which is ended at the end with a blind flange 6. The blind flange 6 is in thermal contact with the electrode 7 of the pelletizing element 8 shown. Correspondingly, the pipeline R2 is provided for the return via the corrugated pipe connecting piece 9 which serves to compensate for expansion and which is closed at the end with the blind flange 10 and is connected to the electrode 11 of the pelletizing element 8. With this arrangement, the electrode 7 assumes a temperature of approximately + 90 ° C. and the electrode 11 a temperature of approximately + 50 ° C. This temperature difference generates an operating voltage UB at the terminals 12 due to the nature of the pelletizing element 8. This can be used at the various points in the arrangement according to FIGS. 2, 4, 5 for feeding active components such as amplifiers, impedance converters, processors and the like.

In der Praxis kann es vorkommen, daß sich in den Rohren permanente Luftblasen oder Ablagerungen bilden, die zu einer Korrosionsmöglichkeit führen können. Deshalb kann es zweckmäßig sein, in Fig. 6 die beiden Rohstutzen 5, 9, die an sich durch das Element 8 getrennt sind, über das Rohr 13 zu verbinden. In dem Rohr 13 ist noch das manuell einstellbare Ventil 14 vorgesehen. Das Rohr 13 bildet einen geringen sogenannten Bypaß, der auch einer Auskühlung am Pelletier-Element vorbeugt.In practice, permanent air bubbles or deposits can form in the pipes, which can lead to the possibility of corrosion. Therefore, it can be expedient in FIG. 6 to connect the two raw sockets 5, 9, which are separated by the element 8, via the tube 13. The manually adjustable valve 14 is also provided in the tube 13. The tube 13 forms a small so-called bypass, which also prevents cooling on the pelletizing element.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for detecting fault locations on pipes for transporting liquids with an inside pipe (1) conducting the medium, an outside pipe (2) surrounding the inside pipe (1), a filler material (3) in the intermediate space between both pipes, and a sensor (S) extending in the intermediate space for detecting the fault locations, and a line for detecting the data, characterized in that the sensor is additionally used to transmit the data (D).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data source and/or the data sink is coupled inductively or capacitively to the sensor (S).
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a sensor (S) having a first conductor (A1) serving as a detector for a fault location, and having a second conductor (A2) serving as a return circuit, the second conductor is used to transmit the data (D). (Fig. 3, 4)
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the return circuits (A2) of the sensors (Sa, S2) are used by two parallel-extending pipes (R1, R2) as a symmetrical line for transmitting the data (D). (Fig. 4)
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data (D) are digital signals and are tranmitted by frequency modulation of a carrier.
  6. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the data source or sink is connected to a first winding (W1) of a first transformer (Ü1), and its second winding (W2) is connected to two sensors (S1, S2) of two pipes (R1, R2), and that an energy source or sink is connected to a winding (W3), whose other winding (W4) lies between a tap of the second winding (W2) and the inside pipes (1) of the two pipes being electrically connected to one another. (Fig. 3)
  7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (S) is used to detect a fault location, transmit the data (D), and transmit an energy (E) for supplying active circuits at a location for measuring or evaluation.
  8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor function is effected with a d.c. voltage, the data transmission with a modulated carrier having a frequency of 1 - 50 kHz, and the energy transmission with an a.c. voltage of 50 Hz.
EP92905219A 1991-02-12 1992-02-27 Method for detecting fault locations Expired - Lifetime EP0628145B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT92905219T ATE131921T1 (en) 1992-02-27 1992-02-27 METHOD FOR DETECTING DEFECTS IN LINE PIPES

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4104216A DE4104216A1 (en) 1991-02-12 1991-02-12 LINE PIPE FOR TRANSPORTING A MEDIUM
PCT/EP1992/000415 WO1993017275A1 (en) 1991-02-12 1992-02-27 Pipe for conveying a medium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0628145A1 EP0628145A1 (en) 1994-12-14
EP0628145B1 true EP0628145B1 (en) 1995-12-20

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EP92905219A Expired - Lifetime EP0628145B1 (en) 1991-02-12 1992-02-27 Method for detecting fault locations

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EP (1) EP0628145B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100209181B1 (en)
DE (1) DE4104216A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0628145T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1993017275A1 (en)

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DE102004047224A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-22 Brandes Gmbh Monitoring system for a district heating distribution system
DE102020003135A1 (en) 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Curt Reichert Sensor device for monitoring the function of a pipeline
CN114941808A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-26 保定金迪地下管线探测工程有限公司 A method for judging deformation and fracture of underground pipelines

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993017275A1 (en) 1993-09-02
DE4104216A1 (en) 1992-08-13
DK0628145T3 (en) 1996-05-06
KR950700514A (en) 1995-01-16
EP0628145A1 (en) 1994-12-14
DE4104216C2 (en) 1992-11-12
KR100209181B1 (en) 1999-07-15

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