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EP0625227B1 - Dalles et poutres coulees - Google Patents

Dalles et poutres coulees Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625227B1
EP0625227B1 EP93904167A EP93904167A EP0625227B1 EP 0625227 B1 EP0625227 B1 EP 0625227B1 EP 93904167 A EP93904167 A EP 93904167A EP 93904167 A EP93904167 A EP 93904167A EP 0625227 B1 EP0625227 B1 EP 0625227B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shuttering
substrate
passageways
slab
support structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93904167A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0625227A1 (fr
Inventor
William Robert Oliver
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cordek Ltd
Original Assignee
Cordek Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cordek Ltd filed Critical Cordek Ltd
Publication of EP0625227A1 publication Critical patent/EP0625227A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0625227B1 publication Critical patent/EP0625227B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/008—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against entry of noxious gases, e.g. Radon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the casting of slabs or beams on a substrate, which may be the ground, and is especially concerned with allowing for the venting of any gases, for example methane or radon, that may seep through the substrate. More particularly, the invention provides a vented structure including a cast slab or beam and a method of casting a slab or beam over a substrate.
  • German Utility Model No. G91 15 235.6 describes an apparatus for protecting buildings against the penetration of dangerous gases from the substratum.
  • the apparatus comprises a blocking system arranged between the building and the substratum.
  • the blocking system has a blocking layer, which has two impermeable layers defining an air conducting portion.
  • the blocking layer prevents the passage of dangerous gas from the substratum to the interior of the building.
  • the air conducting portion is connected to an air pipe. Ribs may be provided between the two impermeable layers to give the apparatus structural stability.
  • the present invention provides a vented structure supported on a substrate and comprising
  • Any gas seeping through the substrate passes through the openings over the bottom face of the shuttering and then along the passageways in the shuttering to the vent passage at the downstream end of which it escapes, directly or indirectly, in a safe manner.
  • the invention is applicable to a wide variety of structures and, whilst in the commonest case a continuous slab will be cast over the whole of the top of the support structure, that need not be the case since the top of the shuttering may be devoid of any openings and thereby itself provide a continuous barrier to any gas.
  • slab and “beam” used in the present specification are to be given a wide meaning.
  • the shuttering may be assembled on site, it is preferable that it be preformed since that facilitates its use on site.
  • the shuttering is preferably preformed in elements of a size that are readily transportable and therefore, for a typical structure, there are a plurality of preformed elements of shuttering placed side by side, with passageways in adjacent elements of shuttering communicating with one another.
  • vent passage it is possible to arrange for the vent passage to extend from any region of the shuttering, but for most applications it is preferable for the vent passage to extend from an edge of the shuttering.
  • the material for the slab or beam is preferably cast over the whole of the top of the shuttering and beyond the edges thereof.
  • the vent passage preferably passes through the cast material.
  • the cast material is concrete although the invention may be employed using other materials.
  • the spaced apart support members define a grid of intersecting passageways which are preferably arranged at right angles to one another.
  • the space occupied by the passageways between the support members is at least as great as, and preferably more than twice as great as, the space occupied by the support members.
  • the support members are regularly spaced across the shuttering.
  • the shuttering comprises an upper slab portion, the top of which defines the upper surface of the shuttering and from the bottom of which extend the plurality of spaced apart support members.
  • the support members are preferably in the form of pillars.
  • the ends of the supporting members are preferably free ends.
  • the portion of the shuttering defining the upper surface and the supporting structure are integral with one another.
  • the shuttering is formed from an expanded plastics material, preferably expanded polystyrene.
  • the substrate on which the shuttering rests will of course usually be the ground, which may have a layer of aggregate of some suitable kind as its top layer.
  • the vent passage may be defined by a pipe which preferably extends up to a location spaced above the ground, preferably at least 3m above ground level, at which location any gas vented through the passage passes into the atmosphere.
  • the venting arrangement may rely only on a build up of pressure below the structure for venting or a forced venting arrangement may be employed.
  • the forced venting arrangement may include a fan and/or it may be arranged to be operated by wind; for example, the top of the pipe may be provided with a cowl shaped such that wind blowing across the top of the pipe draws gas out of the pipe; such venting arrangements are known per se .
  • the present invention also provides a method of casting a slab or beam over a substrate, the method comprising the steps of placing shuttering on the substrate with an upper surface of the shuttering providing a support for the slab or beam and with a support structure supporting the upper surface in a position above the substrate, the support structure including a plurality of spaced apart support members and passageways,
  • the method may further include the step of inserting a pipe defining at least a portion of the vent passage in working relationship to the shuttering before casting material over the shuttering to form the slab or beam.
  • the casting of the material may serve to locate the pipe in position, or the pipe may be located by other means, for example, the pipe may be located in a support which is cast before the slab or beam and which is positioned under an edge of the slab or beam to support it.
  • vent passage is extended upwardly above the substrate to a level at least 3 m above ground level.
  • the step of placing shuttering on the substrate comprises placing a plurality of preformed elements of shuttering adjacent to one another with passageways in adjacent elements of shuttering communicating with one another.
  • the method further comprises the step of providing a barrier to cast material, before casting of the slab or beam, in the region of the junction of the vent passage and the support structure.
  • a barrier which may for example be formed from aggregate material laid in the region of the junction of the shuttering and the vent passage, prevents cast material from reaching the end of the vent passage and blocking it.
  • the shuttering preferably comprises a plurality of preformed elements placed side by side, with passageways in adjacent elements of shuttering communicating with one another.
  • Each shuttering element may for example include an upper surface for supporting the cast material and a support structure for supporting the surface in a position spaced from a substrate on which the support structure is resting, the support structure including openings distributed across its bottom face and passageways providing gas paths spanning the support structure.
  • such a shuttering element comprises an upper slab portion, the top of which defines the upper surface for supporting the cast material, and a plurality of spaced apart support members.
  • the support members are spaced inwardly from the peripheral edge of the slab portion so that when two shuttering elements are placed side by side a passageway is formed between them and passageways in the two shuttering elements leading to the side-by-side edges are placed in communication with one another via the passageway formed between the two elements.
  • the shuttering element 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a slab portion 2 and a plurality of supporting members in the form of pillars 3 which, in the illustrated embodiment, are of square cross-section and are regularly spaced apart over the area of the slab portion and extend perpendicularly from the underneath face 4 of the slab.
  • the width of each pillar 3 is referenced “w”
  • the length of each pillar is referenced “1”
  • the spacing of adjacent pillars is referenced "s”
  • the depth of the slab portion 2 is referenced "d”.
  • the slab portion 2 and the pillars 3 are formed integrally and are made from expanded polystyrene.
  • the spacing "s" of the pillars 3 is approximately the same as the width "w" of each pillar enabling pairs of shuttering elements to be cut out of a block of expanded polystyrene with little wastage of material: such a pair of elements are formed with the upper surfaces of their slab portions 2 defining opposite faces of the block and with their pillars 3 interlocking; in that way two elements can be formed from a block of depth 2d + 1.
  • the pillars 3 are spaced from the edges 4 of the slab portion 2.
  • the pillars 3 have free ends 5 and the bottom of the element is therefore open with less than 50% of the bottom face occupied by the ends 5 of the pillars.
  • a grid of intersecting passageways comprising a first set of parallel passageways 6 aligned with arrow A and a second set of parallel passageways 7 at right angles to the passageways 6 and aligned with arrow B, are formed between the pillars 3.
  • the pillars 3 occupy about one third of the space occupied by the passageways 6, 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows how shuttering elements of the kind shown in Fig. 1 can be laid adjacent to one another. Frequently adjacent shuttering elements will be aligned with one another but in Fig. 2 the elements are shown at the greatest possible misalignment in that the pillars 3A of element 1A are aligned with passageways 6B of element 1B and the pillars 3B of element 1B are aligned with passageways 6A of element 1A. Even in that case, however, it will be seen that the passageways of the element 1A communicate with those in the element 1B via a passageway 8 which is formed between the adjacent elements. Thus, in whatever way the shuttering elements are positioned side by side, the passageways in the elements will always be in communication and no special attention need therefore be paid to their laying.
  • the ground is first levelled and any required layer of aggregate or the like laid to provide a level top surface.
  • Shuttering elements of the kind shown in Fig. 1 are next placed on the ground in an array to provide the required area for a slab to be cast. If necessary the elements along edges of the array can be cut to provide the required size.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of part of the structure showing a shuttering element 1 resting on ground 10, only part of the shuttering element being shown in Fig. 3.
  • a vent pipe 11 is positioned as shown in Fig. 3 and blinding 12 laid around the shuttering forming an inclined peripheral surface 13 over which to cast the slab.
  • Any required reinforcement for the concrete slab to be cast is also put in position and the usual formwork installed defining the periphery of the slab.
  • the slab is then cast: the upper surface 9 of the shuttering element 1 supports the cast material which also extends around the edge of the shuttering and, by virtue of the blinding 12, is formed with an inclined internal face matching the surface 13.
  • any gas seeping up through the ground can pass into the support structure through any of the open areas between the free ends of the pillars 3 and be conveyed along the passageways 6 and the passageways 7 (see Fig. 1) extending perpendicular thereto until it reaches the open end 14 of the vent pipe 11; it can then pass through the pipe 11 and escape to atmosphere.
  • the shuttering is able to support the weight of the slab itself it is not intended to support loads imposed on the slab in use; for example, the walls of a building may be supported on the slab. Such loads are taken by the peripheral portion 15 of the slab which rests on suitable foundations or piles (not shown) in the ground.
  • the slab is formed with its own integral support beams (the peripheral portion 15).
  • An alternative procedure which is common in the industry is to cast the support beams first and thereafter cast a slab of constant thickness spanning the beams and the space(s) between them.
  • a vented structure whose edge region is as shown in Fig.
  • the beam 15A is cast in the conventional way using formwork as required, but with the addition of the pipe 11; shuttering elements 1 are then placed inside the beam 15A filling the space between that beam and other beam(s) defining the periphery of the slab; the slab 16 is then formed by material cast over the top of the shuttering elements 1 and the beams to provide the vented structure shown in Fig. 4.
  • a waterproof and/or gasproof membrane may be fitted over the elements 1; the concrete is then not cast directly onto the elements 1 and similarly is indirectly supported (via the membrane), rather than directly supported, by the elements 1.
  • the pillars 3 are each of length 200 mm but they can be of various lengths.
  • the length of the pillars 3 is in the range of 50 to 500 mm
  • the width of each pillar is in the range of 50 to 300 mm
  • the depth of the slab portion 2 of the element is in the range of 50 to 150 mm.
  • the pillars are of square cross-section, they may be of rectangular cross-section with each of the sides of the rectangle of length in the range of 50 to 300 mm, or indeed they may be of other shapes.
  • the element 1 is made of polystyrene, other expanded or non-expanded plastics materials may be used, or indeed other materials that are not plastics materials may be employed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Structure ventilée supportée sur un substrat (10) et comprenant
    un coffrage (1),
    un matériau (16) coulé sur le coffrage, le coffrage (1) comprenant
    une surface supérieure (9) pour supporter le matériau coulé (16) et
    une structure de support comprenant des passages (6, 7, 8) et une pluralité d'éléments de support espacés (3) destinés à supporter la surface supérieure (9) dans une position au-dessus et espacée du substrat (10), et
    un passage de ventilation qui s'étend depuis la structure de support jusqu'à une région d'où du gaz doit être ventilé,
       caractérisée en ce que
    les éléments de support espacés (3) reposent sur le substrat (10),
    la structure de support comprend des ouvertures définies par des intervalles entre les extrémités (5) des éléments de support espacés (3), les ouvertures étant réparties de part et d'autre de la face inférieure de la structure de support, et
    les passages (6, 7, 8) de la structure de support ménagent une voie pour le gaz de part et d'autre de la structure de support depuis le substrat (10), en passant par l'ouverture, jusqu'au passage de ventilation.
  2. Structure selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la partie supérieure (2) du coffrage (1) est dépourvue de toute ouverture.
  3. Structure selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le coffrage (1) est préformé.
  4. Structure selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le coffrage (1) comprend une pluralité d'éléments préformés placés côte à côte, avec des passages (6, 7, 8) ménagés dans des éléments de coffrage adjacents communiquant les uns avec les autres.
  5. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les éléments de support espacés (3) définissent une grille de passages en intersection (6, 7, 8).
  6. Structure selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle les passages en intersection (6, 7, 8) sont disposés à angle droit les uns par rapport aux autres.
  7. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'espace occupé par les passages (6, 7, 8) entre les éléments de support (3) est plus de deux fois plus grand que l'espace occupé par les éléments de support (3).
  8. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le coffrage (1) comprend une partie de dalle supérieure (2) dont la partie supérieure définit la surface supérieure (9) du coffrage et du fond de laquelle s'étend la pluralité d'éléments de support espacés (3).
  9. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les extrémités (5) des éléments de support (3) sont des extrémités libres.
  10. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la partie du coffrage (1) définissant la surface supérieure (9) et la structure de support sont solidaires l'une de l'autre.
  11. Structure selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le coffrage (1) est formé à partir d'une matière plastique expansée.
  12. Structure selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle la matière plastique expansée est du polystyrène expansé.
  13. Procédé de coulée d'une dalle (16) ou d'une poutre sur un substrat (10), le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    placer le coffrage (1) sur le substrat (10), une surface supérieure (9) du coffrage fournissant un support pour la dalle (16) ou la poutre et une structure de support supportant la surface supérieure (9) dans une position au-dessus du substrat (10), la structure de support comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de support espacés (3) et de passages (6, 7, 8),
    ménager un passage de ventilation qui s'étend de la structure de support à une région d'où du gaz doit être ventilé et
    couler la dalle (16) ou la poutre sur le substrat,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de support espacés (3) reposent sur le substrat (10),
    la structure de support comprend des ouvertures définies par des intervalles entre les extrémités (5) des éléments de support espacés (3), les ouvertures étant réparties de part et d'autre de la face inférieure de la structure de support, et
    les passages (6, 7, 8) de la structure de support ménagent une voie pour le gaz de part et d'autre de la structure de support, des ouvertures jusqu'au passage de ventilation, permettant ainsi à tout gaz sortant du substrat (10) d'être ventilé.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à insérer un tuyau (11) définissant au moins une partie du passage de ventilation en relation de fonctionnement avec le coffrage (1) avant de couler le matériau sur le coffrage pour former la dalle (16) ou la poutre.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, dans lequel le passage de ventilation s'étend vers le haut au-dessus du substrat (10) jusqu'à un niveau à environ 3 m au-dessus du niveau du sol.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, dans laquelle l'étape consistant à placer le coffrage (1) sur le substrat (10) comprend la mise en place d'une pluralité d'éléments préformés de coffrage adjacents les uns aux autres avec des passages (6, 7, 8) dans des éléments de coffrage adjacents (1A, 1B) en communication les uns avec les autres.
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à ménager une barrière (12) pour couler un matériau, avant de couler la dalle (16) ou la poutre, dans la région de la jonction du passage de ventilation et de la structure de support.
  18. Procédé de construction d'une structure ventilée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 utilisant un procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 17.
EP93904167A 1992-02-07 1993-02-05 Dalles et poutres coulees Expired - Lifetime EP0625227B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9202640A GB2261002B (en) 1992-02-07 1992-02-07 Casting slabs or beams
GB9202640 1992-02-07
PCT/GB1993/000246 WO1993016237A1 (fr) 1992-02-07 1993-02-05 Dalles et poutres coulees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0625227A1 EP0625227A1 (fr) 1994-11-23
EP0625227B1 true EP0625227B1 (fr) 1999-06-09

Family

ID=10710011

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93904167A Expired - Lifetime EP0625227B1 (fr) 1992-02-07 1993-02-05 Dalles et poutres coulees

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0625227B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE181123T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3505493A (fr)
DE (1) DE69325259D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2261002B (fr)
WO (1) WO1993016237A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29500184U1 (de) * 1995-01-09 1995-03-09 Horn, Wolfgang, Dr.-Ing., 08301 Schlema Abdichtung gegen das Eindringen gefährlicher Gase, insbesondere von Radon, aus dem Baugrund
GB0103864D0 (en) * 2001-02-16 2001-04-04 Prestige Air Technology Ltd Improvement in and relating to the protection of buildings from ground eminating gases
US11352782B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2022-06-07 Victor Amend Soil gas barrier system, and ventilation panel for same

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2461073A1 (fr) * 1979-02-14 1981-01-30 Thionvilloise Immobiliere Dalles pour revetement aeres
DE3328792A1 (de) * 1983-08-10 1985-02-28 Goldbach GmbH, Holz-, Kunststoff- und Metallverarbeitung, 8752 Goldbach Schalungselement fuer hohlbodenkonstruktionen
DE3722599A1 (de) * 1987-07-08 1989-01-19 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage Schalungselement fuer die verlegung von hohlboeden
DE8908172U1 (de) * 1989-07-05 1990-11-08 Karl Bachl Kunststoffverarbeitung, 8391 Röhrnbach Fußboden-Hohlraumelement
DE9108933U1 (de) * 1991-07-18 1991-09-26 Ingenieurbüro Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Horn, O-9401 Wildbach Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Bauwerken gegen Eindringen gefährlicher Gase, insbesondere Radon, aus dem Baugrund
DE9115235U1 (de) * 1991-12-04 1992-02-06 Horn, Wolfgang, Dr.-Ing., O-9408 Schlema Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Bauwerken gegen Eindringen gefährlicher Gase, insbesondere Radon, aus dem Baugrund

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2261002B (en) 1995-08-23
GB2261002A (en) 1993-05-05
EP0625227A1 (fr) 1994-11-23
DE69325259D1 (de) 1999-07-15
WO1993016237A1 (fr) 1993-08-19
GB9202640D0 (en) 1992-03-25
ATE181123T1 (de) 1999-06-15
AU3505493A (en) 1993-09-03

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