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EP0625219B1 - Hollow trilobal cross section fiber - Google Patents

Hollow trilobal cross section fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625219B1
EP0625219B1 EP94901939A EP94901939A EP0625219B1 EP 0625219 B1 EP0625219 B1 EP 0625219B1 EP 94901939 A EP94901939 A EP 94901939A EP 94901939 A EP94901939 A EP 94901939A EP 0625219 B1 EP0625219 B1 EP 0625219B1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
void
fibers
carpet
percent
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EP94901939A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0625219A1 (en
Inventor
Arthur M. Reader
Ling Yeh
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BASF SE
BASF Corp
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BASF SE
BASF Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to synthetic polymeric fibrous materials. More specifically, this invention relates to hollow trilobal cross-section fibers.
  • fiber as used herein includes fibers of extreme or indefinite length (i.e., filaments) and fibers of short length (i.e., staple).
  • fibers of extreme or indefinite length i.e., filaments
  • fibers of short length i.e., staple
  • bond as used herein means a continuous strand of fibers.
  • Trilobal fibers are known to provide cover superior to round cross-sections and it is known to make trilobal and pseudo-trilobal fibers (e.g., deltas, T-shapes).
  • Exemplary are U.S. Patent No. 3,981,948 to Phillips, U.S. Patent No. 3,194,002 to Raynolds et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,939,201 to Holland, U.S. Patent No. 4,492,731 to Bankar et al. and Japanese Kokai 42-22574.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,648,830 to Peterson et al. discloses a spinneret for manufacturing hollow trilobal cross-section fibers.
  • the fibers disclosed therein have one axially extending hole in each lobe.
  • the present invention concerns a trilobal synthetic polymeric thermoplastic fiber having a single void extending approximately axially central, a total cross-section void area between greater than about 10 and 20 percent void, a modification ratio between about 2 and about 6, and an arm angle between about 5° and about 50°.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of a fiber according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a spinneret useful to prepare the fiber of Fig. 1.
  • Modification ratio means the ratio of the radius R 2 of the circumscribed circle to the radius R 1 of the inscribed circle as shown in Fig. 1.
  • arm angle is the angle formed by extension of sides of an arm as shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 1 Depicted in Fig. 1 is an enlarged view of fiber 10 which is representative of the present invention.
  • Fiber 10 is trilobal having three (3) lobes, 11, 12 and 13 and axially extending, more or less central, void 15.
  • fiber 10 preferably has a modification ratio of between about 2 to about 6, more preferably about 2.0 to about 3.5 and an arm-angle between about 5° and about 50°, preferably from 7° to 40°.
  • the single approximately central void represents greater than about 10 to about 20 percent, preferably 11 to 20 percent, in particular 12-20 and particularly preferably 12 to 15 percent, of the total fiber volume measured including the volume of the void.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a spinneret useful for preparing the fiber of the present invention.
  • Fibers of the present invention may be prepared from synthetic thermoplastic polymers which are melt spinnable.
  • exemplary polymers are polyamides such as poly(hexamethylene adipamide), polycaprolactam and polyamides of bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane and linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 9, 10 and 12 carbon atoms; copolyamides; polyester such as poly(ethylene)terephthalate and copolymers thereof; and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures of such polymers may also be used.
  • the fibers can be prepared by known methods of spinning fibers. Molten polymer is spun through spinneret orifices shaped to provide the desired void volume and fiber cross-sections under spinning conditions which give the desired denier. Specific spinning conditions and spinneret orifices, shapes and dimensions will vary depending upon the particular polymer and fiber product being spun.
  • the spinning and quenching conditions are modified appropriately.
  • the percent void can generally be increased by more rapid quenching of the molten fibers or by increasing the polymer melt viscosity.
  • the present invention provides a carpet fiber having low streak potential without sacrificing wear qualities.
  • the void-to-fiber ratio for hollow fibers is obtained by measuring the size of the hole within the fiber and comparing it to the size of the fiber as if no hole existed. This comparison is performed via computer analysis of the image of a fiber as projected on a television-type monitor.
  • the yarn Before an image analysis is performed, the yarn must be dyed. If the yarn provided is bright or semi-dull, it is dyed with a disperse green stock solution, but the color is not particularly important. When the yarn must be dyed, it is placed in 400 ml of water with 50 ml of disperse green stock solution and 50 ml of disperse green additives and heated to approximately 95°C. A section of the sample approximately 7 inches long is placed into the solution for five minutes, then removed, washed with cold water, and dried.
  • a Leitz TAS Plus Image Analyzer and associated equipment is used and operated according to the instructions.
  • the analyzer integrates void area and total cross-sectional area. The ratio of these two integrals times 100 equals percent void.
  • Fiber cross sections are magnified (200X) to determine the arm angle. Two tangent straight lines are drawn for each arm and the angle formed from the two straight lines is measured. The reported arm angle represents the average of ten measurements.
  • Streak potential is evaluated by visual comparison. Results are reported as vivid streaking , moderate streaking or essentially streak free.
  • Static compression testing is performed using a standard static compression apparatus with air pressure adjusted to 50 psi (351,000 Pa).
  • 50 psi 351,000 Pa
  • Four and 1/2 inch (11.4 cm) diameter samples are placed under the legs of the compression apparatus and 50 psi (351,000 Pa) of air pressure is applied by lowering the legs. The legs remain on the samples for 24 hours. Results are reported as the percent of original pile height retained after the load is removed.
  • Vetterman drum testing is done with a metal drum having an internal diameter of 730 mm, an internal depth of 270 mm, an effective depth of 240 mm, and a thickness of the curved surfaces of 8 mm.
  • This drum is used at a speed of 16 revolutions per minute, and the direction of rotation is reversed every five minutes with approximately a one second stationary time between changes of direction. The revolutions of the drum are counted, and specimens are held in place by adjustable retaining segments. Loose pile fibers are continuously extracted by a vacuum cleaner.
  • a round steel ball is situated inside the drum. The steel ball is 120 mm in diameter and weighs 6800 grams, The ball is fitted with 14 rubber studs located to be equally spaced on the ball's surface (118 mm apart).
  • Tetrapod wear testing is performed according to ASTM standard method D5251-92 using 500,000 revolutions. Results are reported as the percent of original pile height retained after 500,000 revolutions.
  • a spinneret having 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row is used to make hollow trilobal fibers.
  • the capillaries are formed generally according to Fig. 2 with appropriate design for the desired arm angle, percent void and modification ratio and are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
  • the staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn.
  • the melt temperature is 265°C. Throughout is 1000 gm/min.
  • Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
  • the carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375 inch (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m 2 ). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, arm angle, streak potential, and pile height recovery. The results are reported in the Table.
  • a spinneret has 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row.
  • the capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
  • the staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn.
  • the melt temperature is 265°C.
  • Throughput is 1000 gm/min.
  • Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
  • the carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch carpet (4.45 stitches/cm) having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m 2 ). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, arm angle, streak potential, and pile height recovery. The results are presented in the Table.
  • a spinneret has 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row.
  • the capillaries are formed to make solid trilobal fibers with the modification ratio set out in the Table.
  • the capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
  • the staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn.
  • the melt temperature is 265°C.
  • Throughput is 1000 gm/min.
  • Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
  • the carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m 2 ). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, streak potential and pile height recovery.
  • a spinneret having 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row.
  • the capillaries are formed to provide arm angle and modification ratio set forth in the Table.
  • the capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
  • the staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn.
  • the melt temperature is 265°C.
  • Throughput is 1000 gm/min.
  • Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
  • the carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m 2 ). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, streak potential and pile height recovery. The results are reported in the Table.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

A trilobal synthetic polymeric thermoplastic fiber has a single void extending approximately axially central, a total cross-sectional void area between about 10 and 20 percent void, a modification ratio between about 2 and about 6, and an arm angle between about 5 DEG and about 50 DEG .

Description

This invention relates generally to synthetic polymeric fibrous materials. More specifically, this invention relates to hollow trilobal cross-section fibers.
The term "fiber" as used herein includes fibers of extreme or indefinite length (i.e., filaments) and fibers of short length (i.e., staple). The term "yarn" as used herein means a continuous strand of fibers.
For many uses of fibrous synthetic polymers, it is desirable to minimize the weight of fiber needed to spread over an area. This qualitative property of a fiber is known as "cover". Another quality of fibers for certain end uses (like for carpet yarn) is the fiber's ability to hide soil. Additionally, it is important that contract carpets stand up to the severe wear these carpets get due to high traffic. Particularly important to contract carpeting are pile height recovery and appearance retention after wear traffic.
Trilobal fibers are known to provide cover superior to round cross-sections and it is known to make trilobal and pseudo-trilobal fibers (e.g., deltas, T-shapes). Exemplary are U.S. Patent No. 3,981,948 to Phillips, U.S. Patent No. 3,194,002 to Raynolds et al., U.S. Patent No. 2,939,201 to Holland, U.S. Patent No. 4,492,731 to Bankar et al. and Japanese Kokai 42-22574.
It is also known to provide voids in fibers and that many times these voids result in improved soiling hiding performance. However, lower void volumes (less than about 10%) can result in carpeting with a high streak potential. U.S. Patent No. 3,745,061 to Champaneria et al. and U.S. Patent No. 4,407,889 to Gintis et al. show non-round fibers having one or more voids.
It is known also to provide trilobal or pseudo-trilobal fibers which have one or more voids. Exemplary are U.S. Patent No. 3,095,258 to Scott, U.S. Patent No. 3,357,048 to Cobb, Jr., U.S. Patent No. 3,493,459 to McIntosh et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,558,420 Opfell, U.S. Patent No. 4,279,053 to Payne et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,364,996 to Sugiyama, U.S. Patent No. 4,956,237 to Samuelson, British Patent No. 843,179 to Siemer et al. and particularly EP-A-516 119.
U.S. Patent No. 4,648,830 to Peterson et al. discloses a spinneret for manufacturing hollow trilobal cross-section fibers. The fibers disclosed therein have one axially extending hole in each lobe.
To address the foregoing deficiencies, the present invention concerns a trilobal synthetic polymeric thermoplastic fiber having a single void extending approximately axially central, a total cross-section void area between greater than about 10 and 20 percent void, a modification ratio between about 2 and about 6, and an arm angle between about 5° and about 50°.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved hollow trilobal fiber.
Related objects and advantages will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan after reading the following detailed description of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view of a fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a spinneret useful to prepare the fiber of Fig. 1.
The term "modification ratio" (MR) means the ratio of the radius R2 of the circumscribed circle to the radius R1 of the inscribed circle as shown in Fig. 1. The term "arm angle" (AA) is the angle formed by extension of sides of an arm as shown in Fig. 1.
Depicted in Fig. 1 is an enlarged view of fiber 10 which is representative of the present invention. Fiber 10 is trilobal having three (3) lobes, 11, 12 and 13 and axially extending, more or less central, void 15.
According to the present invention, fiber 10 preferably has a modification ratio of between about 2 to about 6, more preferably about 2.0 to about 3.5 and an arm-angle between about 5° and about 50°, preferably from 7° to 40°. The single approximately central void represents greater than about 10 to about 20 percent, preferably 11 to 20 percent, in particular 12-20 and particularly preferably 12 to 15 percent, of the total fiber volume measured including the volume of the void.
Fig. 2 illustrates a spinneret useful for preparing the fiber of the present invention.
Fibers of the present invention may be prepared from synthetic thermoplastic polymers which are melt spinnable. Exemplary polymers are polyamides such as poly(hexamethylene adipamide), polycaprolactam and polyamides of bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane and linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 9, 10 and 12 carbon atoms; copolyamides; polyester such as poly(ethylene)terephthalate and copolymers thereof; and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures of such polymers may also be used.
As is apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the art, the fibers can be prepared by known methods of spinning fibers. Molten polymer is spun through spinneret orifices shaped to provide the desired void volume and fiber cross-sections under spinning conditions which give the desired denier. Specific spinning conditions and spinneret orifices, shapes and dimensions will vary depending upon the particular polymer and fiber product being spun.
To achieve the desired percent void, the spinning and quenching conditions are modified appropriately. For example, the percent void can generally be increased by more rapid quenching of the molten fibers or by increasing the polymer melt viscosity.
As demonstrated by the Examples and Table below, the present invention provides a carpet fiber having low streak potential without sacrificing wear qualities.
Test Methods Percent Void:
The void-to-fiber ratio for hollow fibers is obtained by measuring the size of the hole within the fiber and comparing it to the size of the fiber as if no hole existed. This comparison is performed via computer analysis of the image of a fiber as projected on a television-type monitor. Before an image analysis is performed, the yarn must be dyed. If the yarn provided is bright or semi-dull, it is dyed with a disperse green stock solution, but the color is not particularly important. When the yarn must be dyed, it is placed in 400 ml of water with 50 ml of disperse green stock solution and 50 ml of disperse green additives and heated to approximately 95°C. A section of the sample approximately 7 inches long is placed into the solution for five minutes, then removed, washed with cold water, and dried.
In the following examples, a Leitz TAS Plus Image Analyzer and associated equipment is used and operated according to the instructions. The analyzer integrates void area and total cross-sectional area. The ratio of these two integrals times 100 equals percent void.
Arm Angle
Fiber cross sections are magnified (200X) to determine the arm angle. Two tangent straight lines are drawn for each arm and the angle formed from the two straight lines is measured. The reported arm angle represents the average of ten measurements.
Streak Potential
Streak potential is evaluated by visual comparison. Results are reported as vivid streaking , moderate streaking or essentially streak free.
Pile Height Recovery Static Compression
Static compression testing is performed using a standard static compression aparatus with air pressure adjusted to 50 psi (351,000 Pa). Four and 1/2 inch (11.4 cm) diameter samples are placed under the legs of the compression apparatus and 50 psi (351,000 Pa) of air pressure is applied by lowering the legs. The legs remain on the samples for 24 hours. Results are reported as the percent of original pile height retained after the load is removed.
Vetterman Drum
Vetterman drum testing is done with a metal drum having an internal diameter of 730 mm, an internal depth of 270 mm, an effective depth of 240 mm, and a thickness of the curved surfaces of 8 mm. This drum is used at a speed of 16 revolutions per minute, and the direction of rotation is reversed every five minutes with approximately a one second stationary time between changes of direction. The revolutions of the drum are counted, and specimens are held in place by adjustable retaining segments. Loose pile fibers are continuously extracted by a vacuum cleaner. Inside the drum, a round steel ball is situated. The steel ball is 120 mm in diameter and weighs 6800 grams, The ball is fitted with 14 rubber studs located to be equally spaced on the ball's surface (118 mm apart).
Four specimens, 570 mm long in the direction of manufacture and 265 mm wide, are cut, and a similarly sized and positioned specimen is cut for comparison purposes. The samples are placed into the drum and held securely with the retaining segments. The revolution counter is set for 22,000 cycles. After all cycles are complete, the specimens are cleaned with the vacuum cleaner, making four forward and backward passes along the length, ensuring that all of the area is covered, and that the final pass is in the direction of the pile lay. The specimens are allowed to lie flat pile side up for at least 24 hours before comparison with the control. Results are reported as percent of original pile height retained after 22,000 revolutions.
Tetrapod
Tetrapod wear testing is performed according to ASTM standard method D5251-92 using 500,000 revolutions. Results are reported as the percent of original pile height retained after 500,000 revolutions.
All relative viscosities given in the examples are determined as 1 g/100 ml solution in 96 wt.% H2SO4 and measured at 25°C.
Example 1
A spinneret having 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row is used to make hollow trilobal fibers. The capillaries are formed generally according to Fig. 2 with appropriate design for the desired arm angle, percent void and modification ratio and are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
Nylon 6 polymer (Relative Viscosity measured in H2SO4 = 2.7) is extruded with conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack and taken up onto packages and then further processed by drawing, crimping and cutting into typical 20 denier per filament staple carpet fiber. The staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn. The melt temperature is 265°C. Throughout is 1000 gm/min. Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
The carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375 inch (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m2). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, arm angle, streak potential, and pile height recovery. The results are reported in the Table.
Example 2 (Comparative)
A spinneret has 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row. The capillaries are formed to make a hollow trilobal fiber within the scope of U.S. Pat. 5,208,107 (= EP 516 119) with appropriate design for the desired arm angle, percent void and modification ratio. The capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
Nylon 6 polymer (Relative Viscosity measured in H2SO4 = 2.7) is extruded with conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack and taken up onto packages and then further processed by drawing, crimping and cutting into typical 20 denier per filament staple carpet fiber. The staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn. The melt temperature is 265°C. Throughput is 1000 gm/min. Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
The carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch carpet (4.45 stitches/cm) having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m2). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, arm angle, streak potential, and pile height recovery. The results are presented in the Table.
Example 3 (Comparative)
A spinneret has 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row. The capillaries are formed to make solid trilobal fibers with the modification ratio set out in the Table. The capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
Nylon 6 polymer (Relative Viscosity measured in H2SO4 = 7) is extruded with conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack and taken up onto packages and then further processed by drawing, crimping and cutting into typical 20 denier per filament staple carpet fiber. The staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn. The melt temperature is 265°C. Throughput is 1000 gm/min. Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
The carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m2). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, streak potential and pile height recovery.
Example 4 (Comparative)
A spinneret having 440 filament capillaries arranged rectangularly in 7 rows and 62 to 64 capillaries per row. The capillaries are formed to provide arm angle and modification ratio set forth in the Table. The capillaries are offset with respect to the capillaries of each next adjacent row.
Nylon 6 polymer (Relative Viscosity measured in H2SO4 = 2.7) is extruded with conventional spinning conditions into a quench stack and taken up onto packages and then further processed by drawing, crimping and cutting into typical 20 denier per filament staple carpet fiber. The staple fiber is spun via conventional known methods into spun, plied heatset carpet yarn. The melt temperature is 265°C. Throughput is 1000 gm/min. Quench flow is 200 ft./min (60.8 m/min). The draw ratio is 3.0.
The carpet yarn is then tufted into a primary backing using conventional tufting methods to make 1/8 gauge (3.17 mm), 11.3 stitches per inch (4.45 stitches/cm) carpet having a pile height of 0.375" (0.95 cm) and a pile weight of 40 ounces per square yard (1.35 kg/m2). Samples of this carpet are evaluated for percent void, streak potential and pile height recovery. The results are reported in the Table.
Figure 00080001

Claims (6)

  1. A trilobal synthetic polymeric thermoplastic fiber having a single void extending approximately axially central,
    characterised by a total cross-sectional void area between greater than about 10 and 20 percent void, a modification ratio between about 2 and about 6, and an arm angle between about 5° and about 50°.
  2. The fiber of claim 1 wherein the total cross-sectional void area is from 12 to 20 percent void.
  3. The fiber of any of claims 1 to 2 wherein the modification ratio is between about 2 and about 3.5.
  4. The fiber of any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the arm angle is between about 10° and 35°.
  5. The fiber of any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the modification ratio is between about 11 and 15.
  6. A carpet made from fibers according to any of claims 1 to 5.
EP94901939A 1992-12-08 1993-12-02 Hollow trilobal cross section fiber Expired - Lifetime EP0625219B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US98664792A 1992-12-08 1992-12-08
US986647 1992-12-08
PCT/EP1993/003375 WO1994013869A1 (en) 1992-12-08 1993-12-02 Hollow trilobal cross section fiber

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EP0625219A1 EP0625219A1 (en) 1994-11-23
EP0625219B1 true EP0625219B1 (en) 1998-02-18

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WO2010021933A3 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-05-20 Invista Technologies S.A.R.L. Bulked continuous filaments with trilobal cross-section and round central void and spinneret plates for producing filament
USD841838S1 (en) 2016-11-04 2019-02-26 Mohawk Industries, Inc. Filament
US11608571B2 (en) 2016-08-18 2023-03-21 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Trilobal filaments and spinnerets for producing the same

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US6048615A (en) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Filament having a trilobal cross-section and a trilobal void
US6447903B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2002-09-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs
US6589653B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2003-07-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Filament having a quadrilobate exterior cross-section and a four-sided void
EP1541724A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2005-06-15 INVISTA Technologies S.à.r.l. Spinneret plate for producing a bulked continuous filament having a three-sided exterior cross-section and a convex six-sided central void
DE602004022763D1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2009-10-08 Invista Tech Sarl Bulky hollow filaments with three-sided cross-section and yarns and carpets made from them
DE112004002256D2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2006-08-03 Schramm Gmbh & Co Kg Nozzle plate for extrusion equipment, thread and artificial turf
JP2021121698A (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-26 カール・フロイデンベルク・カー・ゲー Square hollow fiber

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JPS5936714A (en) * 1982-08-26 1984-02-29 Teijin Ltd Crimped modified hollow yarn
US4492731A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-01-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal filaments exhibiting high bulk and sparkle
SK161992A3 (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-12-07 Basf Corp Fiber with hollow three-lobe cross section and plate spinning nozzle for it's manufacturing
JPH05287632A (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-11-02 Toray Ind Inc Hollow crimped yarn

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010021933A3 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-05-20 Invista Technologies S.A.R.L. Bulked continuous filaments with trilobal cross-section and round central void and spinneret plates for producing filament
US10017880B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2018-07-10 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Bulked continuous filaments with trilobal cross-section and round central void and spinneret plates producing filament
US11608571B2 (en) 2016-08-18 2023-03-21 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Trilobal filaments and spinnerets for producing the same
US11692284B2 (en) 2016-08-18 2023-07-04 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Trilobal filaments and spinnerets for producing the same
USD841838S1 (en) 2016-11-04 2019-02-26 Mohawk Industries, Inc. Filament
USD909628S1 (en) 2016-11-04 2021-02-02 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Filament

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69317043D1 (en) 1998-03-26
WO1994013869A1 (en) 1994-06-23
JPH07506405A (en) 1995-07-13
EP0625219A1 (en) 1994-11-23
DE69317043T2 (en) 1998-06-10
CA2108382A1 (en) 1994-06-09

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