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EP0620050B1 - Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620050B1
EP0620050B1 EP93106176A EP93106176A EP0620050B1 EP 0620050 B1 EP0620050 B1 EP 0620050B1 EP 93106176 A EP93106176 A EP 93106176A EP 93106176 A EP93106176 A EP 93106176A EP 0620050 B1 EP0620050 B1 EP 0620050B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
size
products
measuring chamber
quality
optoelectronic image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93106176A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0620050A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Liesske
Ullrich Riese
Dietmar Scholz
Siegfried Ullrich
Joachim Poller
Klaus Baganz
Andreas Osterer
Bernd Herold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Select Ingenieurgesellschaft fur Optoelektronik
Original Assignee
SELECT INGENIEURGESELLSCHAFT F
Select Ingenieurgesellschaft fur Optoelektronik Bilderkennung und Qualitatspruefung Mbh
WEIMAR WERK MASCHINENBAU GmbH
Weimar-Werk Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE4127903A priority Critical patent/DE4127903C2/de
Application filed by SELECT INGENIEURGESELLSCHAFT F, Select Ingenieurgesellschaft fur Optoelektronik Bilderkennung und Qualitatspruefung Mbh, WEIMAR WERK MASCHINENBAU GmbH, Weimar-Werk Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical SELECT INGENIEURGESELLSCHAFT F
Priority to EP93106176A priority patent/EP0620050B1/fr
Priority to DE59309083T priority patent/DE59309083D1/de
Publication of EP0620050A1 publication Critical patent/EP0620050A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0620050B1 publication Critical patent/EP0620050B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G07C3/14—Quality control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for quality and size sorting, in particular for agricultural and natural products such as fruit, vegetables, root crops and other articles.
  • a device for sorting fruits is known, the photometric system of which has two photo receivers for two wavelengths.
  • the outputs of the photo receivers are connected to two identical amplifiers, the amplification of which can be regulated automatically.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers are connected to the inputs of two analog / digital converters via two delay lines, the outputs of which are connected to computing elements for determining the mean value, the amplitude, and the maximum and minimum values.
  • the outputs of the computing elements are connected to the inputs of two logical blocks for determining the end result for the quality and the outputs of these logical blocks and to the sorting elements via limit switches.
  • a device for automatic sorting of fruits, vegetables and root vegetables according to DE 38 42 098 contains a photometric camera with two photo receivers for two wavelengths. Their outputs are connected via amplifier with error corrector, high-frequency filter with peak detector, low-frequency filter, a logic OR gate, differential amplifier, a multiplier / divider, an analog-digital converter, an interface and a microcomputer with blocks for determining the quality solution, while the outputs of these blocks are connected to the sorting elements via limit switches.
  • a method and arrangement for quality sorting of agricultural products which has become known according to DD 272 425, provides for a quality sorting, i.e. classification according to degree of maturity, surface features - such as damage, diseases, pressure points, abnormalities, malformations - and size to be made possible by means of an optical measuring device, if the piece-like goods have been adequately illuminated by means of optimally directed incident light and point across the object surface or the background and the damaged surface areas and / or between the background and the surface edge and / or in the spectral basic level to the reference object.
  • the remitted optical radiation exposes an arrangement of line-shaped or matrix-shaped optoelectronic elements in accordance with the punctual light intensity distribution present in each case.
  • the converted analog electrical image signal sequences are preprocessed in an evaluation circuit, stored digitally in a storage system, and then the characteristic classes required for quality sorting are assigned to the piece-like goods in an information processing system.
  • a downstream control circuit outputs the control signals required for the ejection devices.
  • a filter in front of the lens can be used to increase the contrast between the object surface background and the defect area.
  • the arrangement of optoelectronic elements is preferably to be implemented as a monolithically integrated circuit, and one or more special or microprocessors are to be used as the information processing system.
  • a special electronic control and processing for the signals from line sensors is used in particular to compare the gray values of size-adjustable pixels offset in the line direction and to evaluate the gray value differences as well also from absolute gray values for error detection according to variably adjustable criteria. This comparison is made by forming the quotient of the signals from pixels which are not immediately adjacent but are separated by a whole number of n z intermediate points.
  • DE 27 22 368 describes a sorting device in which the small-sized goods to be sorted, such as beans, are illuminated with light, generated by several separate lamps, in a narrow plane perpendicular to the product drop direction, in which several different photodiodes are used to detect reflected Light from two spectral bands are provided, the detected spectral ranges being in the visible and in the infrared range.
  • the optical scanner proposed there, the products to be sorted can only be sorted according to color irregularities. A detection of different product forms as well as a differentiation, for example between a healthy small fruit and a rotten larger fruit, is not possible with this solution.
  • the invention For the sorting of larger products, such as potatoes, because of the photodetectors used there, the invention reaches its limits that are no longer technically feasible.
  • the known devices and methods only allow limited possibilities with regard to the characteristics of the quality determination of the products and limited sorting options, and the irregular geometric shape of the products inevitably results in errors due to light reflected in the photo receivers.
  • the structure of the optical-optoelectronic and electronic components and basic assemblies is very time-consuming, and they do not work with sufficient reliability in the event of absolute fluctuations in the optical signal level.
  • a correspondingly high expenditure of energy is required to generate sufficient optical signal levels.
  • Certain methods only allow a small number of quality classes to be recorded with a limited geometric resolution of the features and require a high degree of illumination and analog computing.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as in the Is characterized, solves the problem, a device and to create a process for quality and size sorting by means of which the products and articles have on a parabolic trajectory moved at high speed through a photometric measuring chamber be a lighting device for generating the incident light as well as several optoelectronic image converters for recording the from Background of the photometric measuring chamber or of which are characterized by the Measuring chamber moving products containing remitted light and above an electronic block with separation mechanisms and one Fall arrester is connected in such a way that an exact Separation accuracy including careful product sorting according to size and quality.
  • a feed device 1 with a have downstream photometric measuring chamber 2.
  • the Feed device 1 is expediently in the form of a V-shaped band designed on which the potatoes 3 to a precisely defined Brought speed and isolated the photometric Measuring chamber 2 are supplied.
  • the photometric measuring chamber 2 is with a glass cylinder 4 and two lighting devices 5 provided, expediently one in the upper and one in the lower Area of the glass cylinder 4 is attached. On the scope of the photometric measuring chamber 2 there are several image converters 6.
  • the Glass cylinder 4 leaves that emitted by the lighting device 5 Light through and seals at the same time so that the Illumination device 5 and the optoelectronic image converter 6 Working under extreme operating conditions, especially in the Agriculture, are protected from dirt, dust and moisture.
  • the the photometric measuring chamber 2 individually fed potatoes 3 fall in free fall through the drop channel 7 of the photometric measuring chamber 2, where by means of the lighting devices 5, the light with wavelengths radiate from 450 5nm, 550 nm and 620 nm, once the whole Surface of the potatoes 3 and due to the arrangement of several optoelectronic image converter 6 at a certain angle photometric measuring chamber 2 when entering and leaving the same the polar caps of the potatoes 3 can also be detected.
  • Towards the middle optical axis 8 of the optoelectronic image converter 6 a line-by-line recording of the surface of the potatoes 3.
  • the evaluation and calculation takes place in the photometric Measuring chamber 2 determined results and the control of the Separation mechanism 9, where by means of an air jet or water strables the sorted out bad goods over the separating edge of a parabolic shaped collecting device 11 is promoted, as well like the good goods on belts 12 or other transport, respectively Discharge devices arrives.
  • the parabolic Collection device 11 causes the potatoes 3 to be transferred gently to tape 12.
  • the detection and evaluation of the individual products is carried out according to the invention in such a way that the data streams generated by the optoelectronic image converters (6) are serialized line by line, a data stream results for the entire measuring surface, a further circuit compares the reference values of individual lines with one another and, if appropriate Defining deviation provides a further error class and that from the data stream a reference value is automatically generated for each line, which corresponds to the brightness of the healthy measuring surface of the product and a comparison is made between current pixels and reference values of the previous line and identification is made possible if the error criterion is met .
  • An evaluation circuit determines the number and the extent in the horizontal and vertical direction of the marked error areas and assigns them to different error classes, based on the data volume, the data streams generated by the optoelectronic image converters (6) and their comparison between individual lines, giving a shape evaluation of the measured product is and according to the number of data streams generated by the optoelectronic image converters (6), a size-proportional data word is generated per measurement product, which ensures a size sorting.
  • two or more differently composed fractions of sorted material can be separated, and by means of a further, non-linear circuit, the time and the duration of the activation of the discharge devices depending on the size of the product to be discharged can be determined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Le dispositif destiné au tri de produits et d'articles selon la qualité et la taille comprenant un dispositif d'alimentation, une chambre photométrique (2) avec systèmes d'éclairages (5) et convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6), un groupe électronique (10) avec des mécanismes séparateurs (9) associés ainsi que des dispositifs de réception et de déversement
    est caractérisé en ce que
    la chambre photométrique (2) est dotée de plusieurs systèmes d'éclairage (5) disposés de manière circulaire, et de convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6),
    les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) sont montés dans la chambre photométrique (2) de sorte que leurs axes optiques moyens se trouvent disposés sur les surfaces latérales de deux cônes qui à l'intérieur du tuyau de descente sont superposés de sorte que la pointe du cône supérieur renversé est en contact avec la pointe du cône inférieur ce qui permet d'obtenir une projection sans distorsion des pôles des produits qui descendent par le tuyau, et qu'à l'arrêt du dispositif, l'image du fond éclairé de la chambre photométrique (2) est projetée sur les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) et que la géométrie et/ou les couleurs des surfaces partielles du cylindre en verre (4) prismatique et optiquement transparent, et le fonds de la chambre photométrique 2 à la hauteur des niveaux de mesure que l'on ne veut pas projeter sur les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) sont conçues de sorte que la lumière réfléchie par ces surfaces et fractionnée par l'angle limite de la réflexion totale d'autres éléments qui est également prise en compte par les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) même si cela n'est pas souhaitable, ne représente que moins de 2% de la valeur moyenne mesurée pour le produit au moment de sa descente par le tuyau,
    que les systèmes d'éclairage (5) se composent de lampes luminescentes à gaz dont les ondes lumineuses sont égales à 450 nm, 550 nm et 620 nm et dont la part de la lumière infrarouge représente moins de 2% du rayonnement total,
    que les systèmes d'éclairage (5) sont disposés à l'extérieur d'un niveau de mesure et que la chambre photométrique (2) disposée dans un tuyau de descente parabolique (7) est protégée par un corps prismatique transparent, un cylindre en verre (4) par exemple, qui, optiquement transparent, la rend étanche à la poussière et au jet d'eau,
    que la chambre photométrique (2) est en contact avec les mécanismes séparateurs (9) pilotés par un groupe électronique (10) et avec un dispositif de réception (11).
  2. Le dispositif destiné au tri de produits et d'articles selon la qualité et la taille selon la revendication 1 est caractérisé en ce que le ou les mécanisme(s) séparateur(s) (9) est (sont) disposé(s) à l'encontre du trajectoire que les produits à trier décrivent et que la forme du dispositif de réception (11) est par exemple parabolique et qu'il se compose d'une face passive qui peut être une plaque en arc, d'une ou de plusieurs bandes transporteuses, de rouleaux ou d'une combinaison bande-rouleaux (12).
  3. Le procédé destiné au tri de produits et d'articles selon la qualité et la taille dans un dispositif de tri selon les revendications 1 et 2 est caractérisé en ce que les flux de données générés par les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) adoptent au niveau des lignes, une forme sérielle dans le but de pouvoir générer un seul flux de données pour la totalité de la surface à scruter, un autre circuit assure la comparaison avec les valeurs de référence de plusieurs lignes et, en présence d'un écart à définir, établit une autre catégorie de défauts, et qu'à partir du flux de données pour chacune des lignes une valeur de référence est formée qui correspond à la luminosité de la surface saine du produit ce qui permet de comparer les différents points d'image et les valeurs de référence de la ligne précédente et de signaler la présence d'un défaut.
  4. Le procédé destiné au tri de produits et d'articles selon la qualité et la taille selon la revendication 3 est caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'estimation établit le nombre ainsi que l'étendue horizontale et verticale des surfaces défectueuses et les associe aux diverses catégories de défauts et que les volumes des données, les flux de données générés par les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) et les résultat de la comparaison des différentes lignes sont pris en compte pour permettre l'estimation de la forme du produit à mesurer et qu'en fonction du nombre des flux de données générés par les convertisseurs optoélectroniques (6) par produit à mesurer, un mot de données est généré proportionnellement à la taille grâce auquel le tri selon la taille peut se faire.
  5. Le procédé destiné au tri de produits et d'articles selon la qualité et la taille selon une des revendications 3, 4 est caractérisé en ce que la possibilité d'associer au choix les différentes catégories de défauts et de taille des produits à mesurer à un ou à plusieurs dispositifs de déversement permet de trier deux ou plusieurs fractions de produits, à composition différente, et de déterminer par un circuit à fonctionnement non linéaire, le moment et la durée de l'excitation et l'action des dispositifs de déversement en fonction de la taille des produits à sortir.
EP93106176A 1991-08-22 1993-04-15 Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille Expired - Lifetime EP0620050B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4127903A DE4127903C2 (de) 1991-08-22 1991-08-22 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Qualitäts- und Größensortierung von Produkten und Artikeln
EP93106176A EP0620050B1 (fr) 1991-08-22 1993-04-15 Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille
DE59309083T DE59309083D1 (de) 1993-04-15 1993-04-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Qualitäts- und Grössensortierung von Produkten und Artikeln

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4127903A DE4127903C2 (de) 1991-08-22 1991-08-22 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Qualitäts- und Größensortierung von Produkten und Artikeln
EP93106176A EP0620050B1 (fr) 1991-08-22 1993-04-15 Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620050A1 EP0620050A1 (fr) 1994-10-19
EP0620050B1 true EP0620050B1 (fr) 1998-10-21

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EP93106176A Expired - Lifetime EP0620050B1 (fr) 1991-08-22 1993-04-15 Dispositif et procédé de tri de produits et d'articles selon leur qualité et leur taille

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0620050B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4127903C2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010030908A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Strube Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Klassifizierung in Saatgutpartien enthaltener Objekte, Sortierverfahren und zugehörige Vorrichtungen
DE102011004167A1 (de) 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Institut Dr. Foerster Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Richten von langgestrecktem Material
DE102011054659A1 (de) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-25 AeroMegt GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von Aerosolen in einem großen Volumenstrom

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US5353937A (en) * 1993-05-17 1994-10-11 Esm International, Inc. Automatic variable ejector delay time and dwell type mechanism in a sorting apparatus
DE19633326A1 (de) * 1996-08-20 1998-02-26 Sanner Friedr Gmbh Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Qualität von Werkstücken
DE19646753C2 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-08-20 Select Ingenieurgesellschaft F Einrichtung zur Qualitäts- und/oder Größensortierung kleinstückiger Produkte
DE19804147C2 (de) * 1997-02-05 2001-01-04 Peter Lieske Einrichtung zur Größen- und Qualitätssortierung landwirtschaftlicher Produkte
DE19736567C1 (de) * 1997-08-22 1998-11-26 Select Ingenieurgesellschaft F Einrichtung zu einer merkmalsbezogenen Sortierung von Produkten und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
US6355897B1 (en) 1997-11-24 2002-03-12 Svante Björk AB Arrangement and method for sorting granules
DE10352526B4 (de) * 2003-11-05 2005-10-27 select Ingenieurgesellschaft für Optoelektronik, Bilderkennung und Qualitätsprüfung mbH Verfahren zur Abtrennung artfremder Beimengungen aus einem Produktstrom
DE102008020239A1 (de) * 2008-04-22 2009-11-05 Mas Gmbh Prüfstand und Automatisierungsmaschine
BE1018705A3 (nl) * 2009-03-26 2011-07-05 Best 2 N V Werkwijze voor het sorteren van aardappelproducten en sorteerapparaat voor aardappelproducten.
IE20120388A1 (en) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-12 Odenberg Engineering Ltd Method and apparatus for handling harvested root crops
CN110963271B (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-09-07 深圳市东研磨料磨具有限公司 一种用于海绵砂生产的筛选装置
DE102020124037A1 (de) 2020-09-15 2022-03-17 Grimme Landmaschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Beschaffenheit von durch eine Hackfruchtfördervorrichtung gefördertem Erntegut

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GB2187277A (en) * 1986-02-08 1987-09-03 Peter Graham Long Automatic surface colour grading of eggs
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010030908A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Strube Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Klassifizierung in Saatgutpartien enthaltener Objekte, Sortierverfahren und zugehörige Vorrichtungen
DE102010030908B4 (de) * 2010-07-02 2014-10-16 Strube Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Klassifizierung in Saatgutpartien enthaltener Objekte, Sortierverfahren und zugehörige Vorrichtungen
DE102011004167A1 (de) 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Institut Dr. Foerster Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Richten von langgestrecktem Material
WO2012110340A1 (fr) 2011-02-15 2012-08-23 Wafios Ag Procédé et dispositif pour redresser automatiquement du matériau allongé
DE102011004167B4 (de) * 2011-02-15 2015-05-13 Institut Dr. Foerster Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum automatisierten Richten von langgestrecktem Material
DE102011054659A1 (de) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-25 AeroMegt GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von Aerosolen in einem großen Volumenstrom
DE102011054659A9 (de) * 2011-10-20 2013-07-04 AeroMegt GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von Aerosolen in einem großen Volumenstrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0620050A1 (fr) 1994-10-19
DE4127903A1 (de) 1993-04-22
DE4127903C2 (de) 1995-08-03

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