Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/50—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
  • D04H1/43918—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres nonlinear fibres, e.g. crimped or coiled fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
  • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
  • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
  • D04H1/49—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation entanglement by fluid jet in combination with another consolidation means
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a water-decomposable non-woven fabric which can be easily broken and dispersed by throwing into a large amount of water.
• Non-woven fabrics have been widely used as a material for disposable absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins and paper diapers.
• the non-woven fabrics used for the absorbent articles must have a toughness sufficient for resisting to breakage when they are wetted with a body fluid such as the menstrual blood or urine. Therefore, water-insoluble resins are generally used as a binder to bind fibers.
• non-woven fabrics it is required of the non-woven fabrics to be used for the disposable absorbent articles or diaper liners that they can be brought into fine pieces and dispersed in water (water-decomposability) so that they can be thrown into a flush toilet.
• water-decomposability water-decomposability
• J.P. KOKAI Japanese Patent Unexamined Published Application
• a water-decomposable non-woven fabric composing a water-decomposable fabric layer, each of faber of which is bound with one another using a water-soluble binder mainly containing an unsaturated carboxylic acid/unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer in which a part of the unsaturated carboxylic acid is neutralized to form a salt.
• a fiber web is prepared from viscose rayon fibers having a length of 26 mm and a size of 2 denier by airlay method.
• the resulting water-decomposable non-woven fabric has weak mechanical strength.
• the content of binder in the non-woven fabric was increased in order to increase the mechanical strength, but the resulting non-woven fabric became hard and sufficient mechanical strength could not be obtained, which properties were still unsatisfactory in the practical view points.
• a primary object of the present invention is to provide a non-woven fabric having a good feeling (high softness and good touch), sufficient mechanical strength and water-decomposability by which the above-described problems in the prior art have been solved.
• the present invention provides a water-decomposable non-woven fabric comprising a water-dispersible fiber layer, each fiber of which is bound with one another using a water-soluble binder comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid/unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer in which 1 to 60 mole % of the repeating units derived from the unsaturated carboxylic acid is in the form of a salt and which is soluble in tap water but is insoluble in an aqueous solution containing not less than 0.5 % by weight of a neutral inorganic salt comprising a monovalent ion;
• the water-dispersible fiber layer being composed of a mixture of 40 to 90 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 19/inch or less, 10 to 60 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 20/inch to 25/inch, and not more than 10 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 26/inch or more; and the content of the binder in the non
• fibers which compose the water-dispersible fiber layer there can be used conventional ones such as natural fibers (e.g. cotton, flex, jute, cotton linter and wooden pulp), regenerated cellulose fibers (e.g. rayon and cupro-ammonium rayon), modified cellulose fibers (e.g. cellulose acetate) and synthetic fibers (e.g. polyvinylalcohol, polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins).
• natural fibers e.g. cotton, flex, jute, cotton linter and wooden pulp
• regenerated cellulose fibers e.g. rayon and cupro-ammonium rayon
• modified cellulose fibers e.g. cellulose acetate
• synthetic fibers e.g. polyvinylalcohol, polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins
• the web used in the present invention consists of a mixture of crimped fibers having a length of not longer than 30 mm.
• the length of the fiber means a length when the crimped fiber is stretched in straight line. In other words, the length indicates a length of fiber which has not been crimped.
• the mixture comprises 40 to 90 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 19/inch or less, 10 to 60 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 20/inch to 25/inch, and not more than 10 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 26/inch or more, preferably 60 to 70 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 19/inch or less, 30 to 40 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 20/inch to 25/inch, and not more than 5 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 26/inch or more.
• the crimped fibers can be easily prepared by a conventional method and the crimp number thereof can be easily arranged to appropriate numbers by controlling the condition of the preparation.
• the fibers such as modified cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers can be mechanically crimped by a crimper and the crimp number can be controlled by changing the pressure of the crimper.
• regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon
• structural anisotropy is given to fibers in the direction of the size (width) of the fiber at spinning, cut into short fibers having a certain length, and heated so as to crimp the fibers due to the difference in the heat shrinkage.
• the crimp number can be controlled by changing the structural anisotropy and heating condition such as a temperature and time period.
• the length of fibers used in the present invention be not longer than 30 mm, more preferably not longer than 20 mm.
• the length of fibers be not shorter than 5 mm in view of the preparation of the web.
• the maximum crimp number of fibers is preferably not more than 30/inch. Where the crimp number is over 30/inch, it tends to easily form a rope of fibers.
• the minimum crimp number of fibers is preferably not less than 5/inch. Where the crimp number is less than 5/inch the mechanical strength of the resulting web lowers. It is further preferable to use a mixture of 40 to 90 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 5/inch to 19/inch and 10 to 60 % by weight of fibers having a crimp number of 20/inch to 25/inch.
• the web can be prepared by either so-called wet method according to wet paper-making method or so-called dry method according to airlay method or carding method, but the wet method is preferable in view of the resulting web having high softness and good touch.
• the web can be easily prepared even by a conventional carding method (dry method) since the present invention uses a mixture of the fibers comprising, as a main ingredient, crimped fibers having a crimp number of not more than 25/inch. It is generally believed that it is difficult to prepare a web by a carding method using short fibers of a length of not longer than 30 mm, but the web can be easily prepared from the fibers since the fibers have specific crimp number.
• the web used as a raw material in the present invention is preferably subjected to water-needling treatment.
• the water-needling treatment can be easily conducted even under a water pressure of 60 kg/cm2 or lower and non-woven fabric having high softness and good touch can be prepared.
• the binders usable in the invention to bind fibers are water-soluble unsaturated carboxylic acid/unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymers in which a part of the unsaturated carboxylic acid is neutralized to form a salt and which are soluble in tap water but are insoluble in an aqueous solution containing not less than 0.5 % by weight of a neutral inorganic salt comprising a monovlent ion such as NaCl, KCl or NaBr.
• a neutral inorganic salt comprising a monovlent ion such as NaCl, KCl or NaBr.
• conventional unsaturated carboxylic acids can be used as a monomer component of the copolymers, acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid are preferable.
• Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomer components include acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters having an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 18 carbon atoms and it is preferable that acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters having an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms be used singly or in combination.
• examples of the copolymers include copolymers of 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 70 % by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and 90 to 10%, preferably 80 to 30% by weight of acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters having an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 18 carbon atoms in which 2 to 60 mole %, preferably 5 to 50 mole % of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid is neutralized to form a salt; or copolymers of 30 to 75%, preferably 40 to 65 % by weight of acrylic acid, 5 to 30 %, preferably 10 to 25% by weight of acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters having an alkyl group of 8 to 12 carbon atoms and 20 to 40 %, preferably 25 to 35 % by weight of acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters having an alkyl group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms in which 1 to 50 mole %, preferably
• the molecular weight of the copolymers are not particularly limited, although the weight-average molecular weight of the copolymers is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 30,000 to 500,000.
• any inorganic base or organic base can be optionally used as a neutralizing agent to neutralize the unsaturated carboxylic acid component of the copolymers.
• the neutralizing agents include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, and amines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, ammonia, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, morpholine. Preferred are ethanolamines or sodium hydroxide or a combination of potassium hydroxide and ethanolamines.
• the water-soluble binders mentioned above can be used singly or in combination with an appropriate amount (preferably not more than 20 % by weight relative to total weight of binders) of other water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or a salt thereof and carboxymethycellulose.
• the binder may be used in such that the non-woven fabric contains 1 to 30%, preferably 2 to 20 % by weight of the binder. Where the amount of the binder is less than the amount mentioned above, the resulting non-woven fabric is practically insufficient in view of the mechanical strength. Alternatively, where the amount of the binder is more than the amount mentioned above, the resulting non-woven fabric does not have high softness and good touch.
• the binder can be applied to the web by, for example, a spray method, dipping method, printing method or coating method.
• a spray method When the binder is applied to the web, it is possible to uniformly disperse the binder in all area of the web or to disperse in the form of spot. In this respect, it is preferable that some parts in the web remain unbound since the unbound parts work to easily absorb water immersed in the non-woven fabric and to disperse the fabric into each fiber in a short period of time.
• absorption and permiability of the non-woven fabric to body fluids can be improved by use of a natural surfactant mild to the skin such as sugar esters, glycerin succinates, alkyl polyglucosides and alkylglycoside acyl esters in combination with the binder at applying the binder to the web.
• a natural surfactant mild to the skin such as sugar esters, glycerin succinates, alkyl polyglucosides and alkylglycoside acyl esters
• the basis weight of the non-woven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited, the basis weight is desirably in the range of 15 to 50 g/m2 which is usually considered to be low.
• the non-woven fabric of the present invention can be disposed through a flush toilet.
• a body fluid such as blood, menstrual blood or urine and wetted with it
• the binder is not dissolved therein, since the salt concentration of the body fluid is above the level of dissolution, and the structure of the non-woven fabric is kept to exhibit a toughness and softness satisfactory for the practical use.
• water e.g., tap water
• the binder is dissolved, since the salt concentration is reduced to a level low enough for the dissolution of the binder; and the non-woven fabric is easily broken and dispersed in water.
• the non-woven fabric of the present invention can be disposed through a flush toilet.
• the non-woven fabric of the present invention is useful as a surface material or wrapping material for various absorbent articles for absorbing body fluids such as sanitary napkins, sheets for a discharge from the womb, paper diapers and pads for hemorrhoids, or as materials for disposable non-woven fabric products such as bed sheets, toilet sheets for pets and diaper liners which can be disposed through a flush toilet after the use.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then neutralized by addition of 24.5 g of 48 wt. % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 380 g of distilled water (neutralization rate: 45 molar % based on acrylic acid).
• the solid content of the resultant polymer solution as determined with a Kett moisture meter was found to be 18.3% and the weight-average molecular weight was 32,000.
• the web was prepared by mixing the fibers according to the carding method, subjected to water-needling method under a water pressure of 30 kg/cm2 and dried to form the web having a basis weight of 30 g/m2.
• An aqueous solution containing 3 % by weight of the binder prepared by the referential example 1 was applied to the web and dried by the printing method so as to obtain a non-woven fabric having a content of 6 % by weight of the binder.
• the feeling of the non-woven fabric was evaluated by an organoleptic test and the results were classified into the following three grades:
• the non-woven fabric was cut to pieces of a size of 2.5 cm x 9 cm.
• the samples thus obtained were tested with a tensile strength tester (Model GAC-100 by Toyo Boldwin Co. Ltd.) at a chuck distance of 5 cm and a stress rate of 100 mm/min.
• Formulation of the artificial urine urea 2.0 wt %; NaCl 1.0 wt %; CaCl2 0.1 wt %; MgCl2 0.07 wt %; and a balance of water
• 500 ml solution prepared by diluting the artificial urine 200 times with tap water and a piece of the non-woven fabric having a size of 6 cm x 6 cm were put in a 1000 ml cylindrical vessel with a lid. The vessel was placed in a shaker and shaken at 300 stroke per min. The degree of breakage of the non-woven fabric and dispersion thereof in the solution were determined.
• non-woven fabric Nos. 1, 2 and 6 of the present invention are of good properties.
• the web having a basis weight of 30 g/m2 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 except that rayon fibers having a size of 2 denier were used.
• An aqueous solution containing the binder used in Example 1 was applied to the web and dried so as to obtain a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of about 33 g/m2.
• the application of the solution was conducted by a printing method (P), spray method (S) or dripping method (D).
• non-woven fabric No. 4 is inferior in terms of feeling since the content of the binder in the fabric is high.
• Rayon fibers (3 denier; length: 10 mm) and water-soluble vinyl alcohol fibers (3 denier; length: 3 mm) were dispersed in water to a fiber concentration of 0.05 % by weight with a TAPPI test paper machine and then scooped with a screen to obtain a wet fiber sheet having a dry basis weight of 30 g/m2.
• the sheet was pressed through a felt to squeeze cut water from it and dried at a temperature of 90 °C so as to make the vinyl alcohol fibers melt.
• the resulting sheet was then placed on a 80-mesh plain-weave metal gauze and water-needed with a water needling tester under a water pressure of 30 kg/cm2.
• the non-woven fabric could be prepared by a wet method, having good mechanical strength and feeling which are the same as those of the non-woven fabrics of the present invention in Examples 1 and 2.
• the non-woven fabric No. 2 of the comparative example is composed of a large amount of fibers of crimp number of less than 7/inch, the fabric is practically unsatisfactory in terms of wet strength and feeling.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (48)

Families Citing this family (25)

Citations (2)

• 1993
  • 1993-01-29 DE DE69320936T patent/DE69320936T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-01-29 EP EP93101388A patent/EP0608460B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (6)

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