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EP0697093B1 - Materiau ceramique et plaque de blindage realisee a l'aide dudit materiau - Google Patents

Materiau ceramique et plaque de blindage realisee a l'aide dudit materiau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0697093B1
EP0697093B1 EP94915015A EP94915015A EP0697093B1 EP 0697093 B1 EP0697093 B1 EP 0697093B1 EP 94915015 A EP94915015 A EP 94915015A EP 94915015 A EP94915015 A EP 94915015A EP 0697093 B1 EP0697093 B1 EP 0697093B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic material
weight
materials
armor
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94915015A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0697093A1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Schiefer
Heinz Tiefholz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kennametal Hertel AG
Original Assignee
Kennametal Hertel AG
Kennametal Hertel AG Werkzeuge and Hartstoffe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kennametal Hertel AG, Kennametal Hertel AG Werkzeuge and Hartstoffe filed Critical Kennametal Hertel AG
Publication of EP0697093A1 publication Critical patent/EP0697093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0697093B1 publication Critical patent/EP0697093B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a ceramic material for the production of an armor plate for ballistic protective armor. Such armor is used for personal or property protection.
  • a very common material used for armor and especially in vehicles is steel plates.
  • steel plates have the disadvantage that they must have a relatively large thickness in order to achieve the desired protective effect.
  • Such steel plates are usually up to 10 cm thick. Accordingly, vehicles equipped with this are heavy and must have correspondingly complex engines, frames and bearings, etc.
  • Protective armor was therefore developed that is lighter in weight and can also be used for personal protection in the form of bulletproof vests etc.
  • Such "lightweight armor” consist of several layers of different materials.
  • composite armor plates are known which consist of relatively thin metal plates between which ceramic materials are embedded.
  • the ceramic materials previously used for protective armor are, for example, aluminum oxide, boron, silicon and tungsten carbides as well as aluminum, boron and silicon nitrides.
  • the common doctrine so far was that for protective armor suitable ceramic materials must have the lowest possible porosity in order to obtain the desired breaking strength or energy absorption capacity.
  • the ceramic materials mentioned or armor plates produced therefrom have an increased ballistic protective effect if they have a porosity which is in the range of 2-15%.
  • a preferred material is Si 3 N 4 . It is characterized in particular by the fact that it has a relatively low specific weight and has an increased strength or protective effect compared to other ceramic materials. The low weight of the material mentioned is particularly important in the manufacture of mobile armor, such as bulletproof protective vests. In principle, however, materials such as BN, AIN, TiB 2 , B 4 C, SiC, WC, Sialone can also be used. MgO, Al 2 O 3 , Y2O3, ZrO 2 or rare earth oxides are also suitable.
  • materials such as aluminum oxide or boron carbide can be sintered without additives
  • materials such as silicon nitride require sintering aids to ensure that the individual grains of the starting material are adequately bonded.
  • sintering aids According to claim 4 and claim 11, aluminum oxide and / or yttrium oxide are proposed.
  • substances such as MgO, rare earth oxides etc. can also be used.
  • a proportion of these sintering aids of 0.5-15% by weight has proven to be particularly advantageous. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in subclaims 5-7 and 12-14.
  • the materials or armor plates according to the invention are suitable for armor plates or armor plates which consist only of ceramic material or which are composite materials produced using the material according to the invention.
  • the production of the ceramic materials according to the invention is based on conventional standard methods.
  • the starting mixture can be processed further, for example, using the hot pressing process or also using the gas pressure sintering process.
  • the production is explained using the following example:
  • a protective armor made of the material according to the invention with a thickness of approx. 1 cm shows a significantly increased absorption capacity for the energy of projectiles hitting the energy compared to the reference materials or plates of comparable thickness.
  • the material according to the invention has cavities which cause the porosity of the material.
  • the grains of the ceramic base material are connected to one another via "bridges" and are mutually supported at these connection points.
  • the formation of the "bridges" is based on different sintering mechanisms.
  • the individual grains are connected to form a spatial network by means of solid diffusion processes.
  • so-called liquid phase sintering takes place with the addition of sintering aids.
  • the sintering additives liquefy at the increased temperature of the sintering process, forming a melting phase. After cooling, these melting phases change to the solid state and connect the ceramic grains or crystals to one another in the manner of a three-dimensional network. It is believed that this network of ceramic grains or crystals created in one way or another as described above is responsible for the increased ballistic resistance.
  • the three-dimensional network of the ceramic material according to the invention has due to its network structure also an increased ability to vibrate, which should also be partly responsible for the observed energy absorption and distribution effect.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Utilisation d'un matériau céramique ayant une porosité de 8 % à 15 % pour la fabrication de blindages balistiques, en particulier de plaques de blindage.
  2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau céramique est Si3N4.
  3. Utilisation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau contient une proportion d'auxiliaires de frittage de 0,5-15 % en masse.
  4. Utilisation selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'auxiliaire de frittage est Y2O3 et/ou Al2O3.
  5. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le matériau présente une porosité de 8-10 %.
  6. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le matériau contient 94 % en masse de Si3N4, 5 % en masse de Y2O3 et 1 % en masse de Al2O3 et présente une porosité de 8 %.
EP94915015A 1993-05-07 1994-05-06 Materiau ceramique et plaque de blindage realisee a l'aide dudit materiau Expired - Lifetime EP0697093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9306977U 1993-05-07
DE9306977 1993-05-07
PCT/DE1994/000528 WO1994027110A1 (fr) 1993-05-07 1994-05-06 Materiau ceramique et plaque de blindage realisee a l'aide dudit materiau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0697093A1 EP0697093A1 (fr) 1996-02-21
EP0697093B1 true EP0697093B1 (fr) 1997-03-19

Family

ID=6893014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94915015A Expired - Lifetime EP0697093B1 (fr) 1993-05-07 1994-05-06 Materiau ceramique et plaque de blindage realisee a l'aide dudit materiau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0697093B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE150540T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59402156D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994027110A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2764370B1 (fr) * 1997-06-10 1999-08-20 Sogerma Structure blindee auto porteuse
EP1166030A2 (fr) * 1999-03-31 2002-01-02 Textron Systems Corporation Blindage composite et procede de fabrication
DE10257942A1 (de) * 2002-12-12 2004-06-24 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzmodul zum Schutz von Objekten gegen Bedrohungen, insbesondere durch Hohlladungen
DE102004012990A1 (de) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-24 Girlich, Dieter, Dr. Verbundwerkstoff, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Verbundwerkstoffes sowie dessen Verwendung
US7402541B2 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-07-22 Michael Cohen Silicon nitride compositions
FR3053776B1 (fr) * 2016-07-11 2019-04-05 Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen Plaque de blindage
DE102017116319A1 (de) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 Kennametal Inc. Panzerungsplatte und Panzerung bestehend aus Träger und Panzerungsplatte
DE102019116153A1 (de) 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 Kennametal Inc. Panzerungsplatte, Panzerungsplattenverbund und Panzerung
DE102022100599A1 (de) 2022-01-12 2023-08-03 Kennametal Inc. Panzerungsplatte, Panzerungsplattenverbund und Panzerung

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4492765A (en) * 1980-08-15 1985-01-08 Gte Products Corporation Si3 N4 ceramic articles having lower density outer layer, and method
JPS5841770A (ja) * 1981-09-01 1983-03-11 株式会社東芝 セラミツクス焼結体及びその製造方法
JPS6138865A (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-24 Toshiba Corp 研削加工用支持部材
US4629707A (en) * 1986-01-21 1986-12-16 Gte Products Corporation High strength, low mass porous silicon nitride based articles
IL89599A0 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-10 Dow Chemical Co Armor
JPH0570242A (ja) * 1991-06-26 1993-03-23 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 耐衝撃材用窒化ケイ素系焼結体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0697093A1 (fr) 1996-02-21
ATE150540T1 (de) 1997-04-15
WO1994027110A1 (fr) 1994-11-24
DE59402156D1 (de) 1997-04-24

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