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EP0689574A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE - Google Patents

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE

Info

Publication number
EP0689574A1
EP0689574A1 EP94908964A EP94908964A EP0689574A1 EP 0689574 A1 EP0689574 A1 EP 0689574A1 EP 94908964 A EP94908964 A EP 94908964A EP 94908964 A EP94908964 A EP 94908964A EP 0689574 A1 EP0689574 A1 EP 0689574A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
carbonization
combustion chamber
line
synthesis gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94908964A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0689574B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz-Juergen Berwein
Gerd Baumgaertel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0689574A1 publication Critical patent/EP0689574A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0689574B1 publication Critical patent/EP0689574B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for disposing of waste, the waste being carbonized so that carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue are obtained, the carbonization gas being burned, and wherein the carbonization residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction.
  • the invention also relates to a device for the disposal of waste with a waste supply device which opens into a carbonization drum, from which a carbonization gas discharge and a carbonization residue discharge line originate, the carbonization gas discharge line being connected to a combustion chamber which has a flue gas outlet, and wherein the carbonization residue discharge line is connected to a separating device which has leads for a coarse and a fine fraction.
  • Such a method and such a device for thermal waste disposal are known from European Patent 0 302 310 B1.
  • This device has a smoldering drum into which the waste to be disposed of is introduced. The waste is carbonized there and carbonization gas and a solid carbonization residue are released. The carbonization gas is fed directly to a combustion chamber.
  • the smoldering residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction, and the fine fraction is fed into the combustion chamber like the smoldering gas, possibly after a grinding process.
  • the substances fed in are burned at high temperatures. This creates molten slag that is discharged into a water bath.
  • flue gas is emitted, which is subjected to flue gas cleaning.
  • the invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned above for the disposal of waste, which can be carried out more cheaply compared to the known.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the outset should be specified, which can be produced more cost-effectively than the known one.
  • smaller amounts of flue gas should be generated during the process and / or during the installation.
  • the object of specifying an inexpensive process is achieved according to the invention in that the fine fraction is subjected to gasification, in that the temperature is above the melting temperature of those substances which are subjected to gasification and which are non-combustible, so that synthesis gas and molten slag accumulate, and that the synthesis gas is burned.
  • the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is first gasified and then only the synthesis gas formed is burnt, one advantageously manages with a small combustion chamber capacity. It is already ensured during the gasification process that, due to the high temperature, all the non-combustible substances of the fine fraction become molten and are separated from the gasifier as molten slag. Only the combustible substances of the fine fraction, for example all carbon-containing substances, are gasified and later burned. The amount of fine fraction of the smoldering residue corresponding to the slag consequently does not get into the combustion chamber. Otherwise in the method according to the invention advantageously only gas is burned. Due to the fact that on the one hand only gases and no solid substances and on the other hand relatively small amounts are burned, only a small amount of flue gases are produced, which are generally cleaned and then released. This is a particular advantage.
  • the synthesis gas can be burned separately, for example, but also together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. In the latter case, only a single combustion chamber is required, which can be made small and inexpensive due to the separation of the slag in the gasification process.
  • the combustion can take place, for example, with the supply of air enriched with oxygen. This improves the combustion process. Pure oxygen can also be added.
  • the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is either supplied with oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen during gasification.
  • oxygen-enriched air can contain, for example, 70% oxygen.
  • gasification for example, a temperature of approximately 2000 ° C. can be present in the gasifier.
  • the carbonization gas emitted by the Schweltro mel is washed.
  • the washed carbonization gas is then burned and the sludge separated during washing can be gasified.
  • This has the advantage that only a few solid substances get into the combustion chamber.
  • already due to the upstream carburettor no solid components of the smoldering residue are fed to it. Since only gases are burned in the combustion chamber, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber.
  • the synthesis gas is also washed before burning and the sludge separated is gasified. This process step also helps to keep the combustion chamber free of solid substances, which means that the combustion chamber is inexpensive.
  • flue gas When synthetic gas and carbonization gas are burned, flue gas is produced; This can be freed of dust during flue gas cleaning. This dust is fed, for example, to the already existing carburetor and gasified there. This ensures that the dust from the flue gas is incorporated into the molten slag.
  • the molten slag is introduced into a water bath from a gasifier, for example.
  • a melt granulate is formed there that is harmless to the environment and can be used, for example, as a building material.
  • the synthesis gas can be burned, for example, in the combustion chamber of a gas engine. This can be, for example
  • Thermal energy for example through a heat exchanger.
  • the electrical and / or the thermal energy can be used in a variety of ways.
  • the object of specifying an inexpensive device for the disposal of waste is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge of the separation device for the fine fraction is connected to a gasifier, from which a synthesis gas discharge leading to a combustion chamber and ne discharge of slag.
  • the advantage is achieved that, apart from the carbonization gas, only synthesis gas has to be fed to a combustion chamber. You therefore get by with a small and therefore inexpensive combustion chamber. This is due to the fact that on the one hand the solid components of the fine fraction of the smoldering residue are already separated in the gasifier and on the other hand that almost only gases are fed to the combustion chamber. This also has the consequence that little flue gas is produced, which yes - preferably after flue gas cleaning - must be released. As a result, a smaller flue gas cleaning device can be used. There may also be two small combustion chambers, one for smoldering gas and the other for synthesis gas.
  • the synthesis gas discharge of the carburetor can lead to a conventional combustion chamber and / or to the combustion chamber of a gas engine.
  • This gas engine can be connected to a generator for generating electrical energy.
  • the smoldering gas discharge of the smoldering drum and the synthesis gas discharge of the carburettor can open into separate combustion chambers or into the same combustion chamber.
  • the carburetor has, for example, a supply line for oxygen-enriched air or for pure oxygen.
  • the supply of oxygen ensures a high temperature in the gasifier.
  • the carbonization gas discharge from the carbonization drum can be connected to a first gas scrubber, from which a line for washed carbonization gas and a line for sludge originate.
  • the line for the washed carbonization gas can be connected to the combustion chamber and the line for the sludge to the gasifier. This ensures that the carbonization gas is cleaned before entering the combustion chamber.
  • the separated sludge can be removed or preferably gasified together with the fine portion of the smoldering residue in the gasifier.
  • the combustion chamber is thereby largely kept free of solid substances, so that a simple design of the combustion chamber is sufficient.
  • the synthesis gas discharge line of the gasifier can be connected to a second gas scrubber, from which a line for scrubbed synthesis gas leads to the combustion chamber and a line for sludge leads back to the gasifier.
  • a flue gas cleaning device is preferably connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the dust outlet of which is connected, for example, to the carburetor. This advantageously introduces dust from the flue gas into the gasifier, where, if it is not gasified, it is incorporated into the molten slag.
  • a heat exchanger can be connected downstream of the flue gas outlet, for example, in order to obtain thermal energy from the hot flue gas.
  • the slag discharge of the gasifier can lead into a water container, so that a melt granulate is formed there, which can be used, for example, as a building material.
  • a melt granulate is formed there, which can be used, for example, as a building material.
  • the melt granulate can be used as raw material.
  • the synthesis gas is burned separately or together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. Since no solid substances have to be burned, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber. As a result, there is little flue gas to be released and only a small flue gas purification device is required.
  • the waste A to be disposed of is fed via a waste feed device la to a smoldering drum 1, where it is carbonized and divided into smoldering gas SG and smoldering residue SR.
  • a smoldering gas discharge line 2, 2 ' connects the smoldering drum 1 with a combustion chamber 3.
  • a smoldering residue discharge line 4 connects the smoldering drum 1 with a separating device 5, in which the sulfur residue SR is divided into a coarse fraction GR and a fine fraction FR.
  • the coarse fraction GR essentially contains metal parts, glass and stones.
  • the fine Frakti on FR essentially contains carbon-containing smoldering residue.
  • the separating device 5 can be designed as a sieve.
  • a derivation 5a for the coarse fraction GR and a derivation 6 for the fine fraction FR of the smoldering residue SR originate from the separating device 5.
  • the derivative 6 for the fine fraction FR leads to a carbure
  • the carburetor 7 only needs to be heated externally to start up the device. During operation, a subset of the supplied goods is burned, which is necessary Provides thermal energy for the gasification of the remaining carbon-containing goods.
  • the carburetor 7 is supplied with oxygen-enriched air L or pure oxygen via an air supply line 8. This results in a very high temperature in the carburetor 7, which can be 2000 ° C. At this temperature, which is above the melting point of all non-combustible supplied substances, the supplied fine fraction FR de residual sulfur SR is converted into molten slag S and egg synthesis gas SY.
  • the molten slag S is discharged via a slag discharge from the gasifier 7 and enters a water tank 10, where a melt granulate forms.
  • the melting granulate can be used as a raw material.
  • the synthesis gas SY leaves the gasifier 7 via a synthesis gas discharge line 11 which leads to the combustion chamber 3.
  • the synthesis gas SY is burned together with the smoldering gas SG in the present case. Separate combustion of gases SG and SY is also possible. Since the combustion chamber 3 only gases are supplied, one can get by with an inexpensive small combustion chamber 3.
  • the combustion chamber 3 can be supplied via an air supply line 12 with oxygen-enriched air L * or pure oxygen. Complete combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 3. From a flue gas outlet 3a de combustion chamber 3, a flue gas discharge line 13 for flue gas R starts, which leads to a chimney 16 via a heat recovery steam generator or heat exchanger 1 and a flue gas cleaning device 15 which has a dust outlet 15a.
  • a first gas scrubber 17 can be arranged in the carbonization line 2, 2 'of the carbonization drum 1. Sludge SCH separated there arrives in the carburetor 7 via a sludge discharge line 18. A section of the leads from the first gas scrubber 17 Smoldering gas discharge line 2 ', through which washed sulfur gas SG flows, to the combustion chamber 3. The first gas scrubber 17 ensures that the combustion chamber 3 remains free of solid contaminations of the smoldering gas SG.
  • the synthesis gas SY can be fed to the combustion chamber 20a of a gas engine 20 via a separate (dashed line) synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 'and burned there. Combustion in both combustion chambers 3, 20a is also possible.
  • a second gas scrubber 21 can be inserted into the synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ', but also into the synthesis gas discharge line 11. Washed synthesis gas SY then arrives in the combustion chamber 20a or 3. This ensures that solid constituents which may be in the synthesis gas SY do not get into the combustion chamber 3 or into the gas engine 20. These solid components get back into the carburetor 7 as sludge SC via a sludge drain 22.
  • the gas engine 2 can drive a generator (not shown).
  • a flue gas discharge line 23 (dashed line) starting from a flue gas outlet 20b of the gas motor 20 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas cleaning device 15, which receives the flue gas RG 'emitted.
  • the flue gas cleaning device 1 separated dust ST and also in the heat recovery steam generator (heat exchanger) 14 separated dust ST can be supplied to the carburetor 7 via dust pipes 25, 24.
  • the device described has the advantage that only gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 3 and / or the gas engine 20. No solid substances get there. One therefore needs an inexpensive combustion chamber 3.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

In a process and an apparatus for disposing of waste, the waste is carbonized at low temperatures in a carbonization drum, to develop carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue. The carbonization gas is burnt in a combustion chamber and the carbonization residue is divided in a separation device into a coarse and a fine fraction. The fine fraction is subjected to a gasification in a gasifier, to develop synthesis gas and molten slag. A temperature within the gasifier is above a melting temperature of non-combustible substances introduced into the gasifier. The synthesis gas is burnt in the combustion chamber or in a combustion chamber of a gas engine.

Description

Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von AbfallWaste disposal method and equipment

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Ab¬ fall, wobei der Abfall verschwelt wird, so daß Schwelgas und fester Schwelreststoff anfallen, wobei das Schwelgas ver¬ brannt wird, und wobei der Schwelreststoff in eine grobe und eine feine Fraktion aufgeteilt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall mit einer Ab¬ fallzuführvorrichtung, die in eine Schweltrommel mündet, von der eine Schwelgasableitung und eine Schwelreststoffableitung ausgehen, wobei die Schwelgasableitung mit einer Brennkammer in Verbindung steht, die einen Rauchgasausgang hat, und wobei die Schwelreststoffableitung mit einer Trennvorrichtung ver¬ bunden ist, die Ableitungen für eine grobe und eine feine Fraktion aufweist.The invention relates to a method for disposing of waste, the waste being carbonized so that carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue are obtained, the carbonization gas being burned, and wherein the carbonization residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction. The invention also relates to a device for the disposal of waste with a waste supply device which opens into a carbonization drum, from which a carbonization gas discharge and a carbonization residue discharge line originate, the carbonization gas discharge line being connected to a combustion chamber which has a flue gas outlet, and wherein the carbonization residue discharge line is connected to a separating device which has leads for a coarse and a fine fraction.

Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Einrichtung zur thermi¬ schen Abfallentsorgung sind aus der Europäischen Patent¬ schrift 0 302 310 Bl bekannt. Diese Einrichtung weist eine Schweltrommel auf, in die der zu entsorgende Abfall einge¬ bracht wird. Der Abfall wird dort verschwelt, und es werden Schwelgas und ein fester Schwelreststoff abgegeben. Das Schwelgas wird direkt einer Brennkammer zugeführt. Der Schwelreststoff wird in eine grobe und in eine feine Fraktion aufgeteilt, und die feine Fraktion wird, gegebenenfalls nach einem Mahlvorgang, wie das Schwelgas in die Brennkammer eingespeist. Dort werden die eingespeisten Stoffe bei hoher Temperatur verbrannt. Dabei entsteht schmelzflüssige Schlacke, die in ein Wasserbad abgeleitet wird. Außerdem wird Rauchgas abgegeben, das einer Rauchgasreinigung unterzogen wird.Such a method and such a device for thermal waste disposal are known from European Patent 0 302 310 B1. This device has a smoldering drum into which the waste to be disposed of is introduced. The waste is carbonized there and carbonization gas and a solid carbonization residue are released. The carbonization gas is fed directly to a combustion chamber. The smoldering residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction, and the fine fraction is fed into the combustion chamber like the smoldering gas, possibly after a grinding process. There, the substances fed in are burned at high temperatures. This creates molten slag that is discharged into a water bath. In addition, flue gas is emitted, which is subjected to flue gas cleaning.

Aus der DE 38 28 534 AI ist ein Verfahren zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung bekannt, bei dem nach dem Schwelvorgang ein Teil des Schwelreststoffes gemahlen und dann als Staub ver¬ gast wird. Von einem Vergaser werden ein Rohgas, das eine Turbine treibt, und ein Vergasungsreststoff, der in einer Hochtemperaturfeuerung verbrannt wird, abgegeben. Der Verga¬ ser dient nur dazu, das Rohgas zu erzeugen. Alle festen Stof¬ fe müssen vom Vergaser der Hochtemperaturfeuerung zugeführt werden. Die Vorrichtung zur Hochtemperaturfeuerung muß daher fast genauso groß dimensioniert sein, als wenn zwischen der Verschwelungsvorrichtung und der Hochtemperaturfeuerung kein Vergaser zwischengeschaltet wäre.From DE 38 28 534 AI a method for thermal waste disposal is known in which after the smoldering process a part of the smoldering residue is ground and then gasified as dust. A gasifier turns a raw gas that drives a turbine and a gasification residue into one High temperature firing is given off. The gasifier only serves to generate the raw gas. All solid substances must be fed from the carburetor to the high-temperature furnace. The device for high-temperature firing must therefore be dimensioned almost as large as if no carburetor were interposed between the carbonization device and the high-temperature firing.

Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zum Entsorgen von Abfall anzugeben, das im Vergleich zum Bekannten kostengünstiger durchgeführt werden kann. Außerdem sollte eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art angegeben werden, die im Vergleich zum Bekann¬ ten kostengünstiger erstellt werden kann. Insbesondere soll- ten beim Verfahren und/oder bei der Einrichtung kleinere Rauchgasmengen anfallen.The invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned above for the disposal of waste, which can be carried out more cheaply compared to the known. In addition, a device of the type mentioned at the outset should be specified, which can be produced more cost-effectively than the known one. In particular, smaller amounts of flue gas should be generated during the process and / or during the installation.

Die Aufgabe, ein kostengünstiges Verfahren anzugeben, wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die feine Fraktion einer Vergasung unterzogen wird, daß die Temperatur dabei oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur derjenigen Stoffe liegt, die der Vergasung unterzogen werden und die nicht brennbar sind, so daß Synthesegas und schmelzflüssige Schlacke anfallen, und daß das Synthesegas verbrannt wird.The object of specifying an inexpensive process is achieved according to the invention in that the fine fraction is subjected to gasification, in that the temperature is above the melting temperature of those substances which are subjected to gasification and which are non-combustible, so that synthesis gas and molten slag accumulate, and that the synthesis gas is burned.

Dadurch, daß die feine Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes zu¬ nächst vergast wird und dann nur das dabei gebildete Synthe- segas verbrannt wird, kommt man vorteilhafterweise mit einer kleinen Brennkammerkapazität aus. Es wird nämlich schon beim Vergasungsprozeß gewährleistet, daß aufgrund der hohen Tempe¬ ratur alle nicht brennbaren Stoffe der feinen Fraktion schmelzflüssig werden und als schmelzflüssige Schlacke aus dem Vergaser abgeschieden werden. Nur die brennbaren Stoffe der feinen Fraktion, z.B. alle kohlenstoffhaltigen Stoffe, werden vergast und später verbrannt. Die der Schlacke ent¬ sprechende Menge der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes gelangt folglich nicht in die Brennkammer. Im übrigen wird bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung vorteilhaf erweise aus¬ schließlich Gas verbrannt. Dadurch bedingt, daß einerseits nur Gase und keine festen Stoffe und andererseits relativ kleine Mengen verbrannt werden, fallen auch nur wenig Rauch- gase an, die im allgemeinen gereinigt und dann abgegeben wer¬ den. Darin ist ein besonderer Vorteil zu sehen.Because the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is first gasified and then only the synthesis gas formed is burnt, one advantageously manages with a small combustion chamber capacity. It is already ensured during the gasification process that, due to the high temperature, all the non-combustible substances of the fine fraction become molten and are separated from the gasifier as molten slag. Only the combustible substances of the fine fraction, for example all carbon-containing substances, are gasified and later burned. The amount of fine fraction of the smoldering residue corresponding to the slag consequently does not get into the combustion chamber. Otherwise in the method according to the invention advantageously only gas is burned. Due to the fact that on the one hand only gases and no solid substances and on the other hand relatively small amounts are burned, only a small amount of flue gases are produced, which are generally cleaned and then released. This is a particular advantage.

Das Synthesegas kann separat, beispielsweise aber auch zusam¬ men mit dem Schwelgas aus der Schweltrommel verbrannt werden. Im letzten Fall ist nur eine einzige Brennkammer erforder¬ lich, die wegen der Abtrennung der Schlacke im Vergasungs¬ prozeß klein und kostengünstig ausgeführt werden kann.The synthesis gas can be burned separately, for example, but also together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. In the latter case, only a single combustion chamber is required, which can be made small and inexpensive due to the separation of the slag in the gasification process.

Die Verbrennung kann beispielsweise unter Zuführung von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft erfolgen. Dadurch wird der Verbrennungsprozeß verbessert. Es kann auch reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt werden.The combustion can take place, for example, with the supply of air enriched with oxygen. This improves the combustion process. Pure oxygen can also be added.

Beispielsweise wird der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes bei der Vergasung entweder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder sogar reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt. Dadurch erhält man den Vorteil, daß man im Vergaser eine für den Vergasungsvor¬ gang optimale Temperatur erzielen kann. Die mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft kann beispielsweise 70 % Sauerstoff enthalten. Zur Vergasung kann im Vergaser beispielsweise eine Temperatur von ungefähr 2000°C gegeben sein.For example, the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is either supplied with oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen during gasification. This gives the advantage that an optimal temperature for the gasification process can be achieved in the gasifier. The oxygen-enriched air can contain, for example, 70% oxygen. For gasification, for example, a temperature of approximately 2000 ° C. can be present in the gasifier.

Dadurch, daß mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder sogar reiner Sauerstoff in den Vergasungsprozeß eingespeist werden, erzielt man im Vergaser eine hohe Temperatur mit einer vergleichsweise kleinen Energiezufuhr von außen. Trotzdem kann die Vergasung bei Sauerstoffmangel erfolgen, wenn ent¬ sprechend kleine Luftmengen oder S uerstoff engen in den Vergaser eingespeist werden. Nach einem Vergasungsprozeß unter Sauerstoffmangel besteht das Synthesegas zu einem großen Teil aus Kohlenstoffmonoxid, das anschließend verbrannt werden kann.Because oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen is fed into the gasification process, a high temperature is achieved in the gasifier with a comparatively small external energy input. In spite of this, the gasification can take place in the event of a lack of oxygen if correspondingly small amounts of air or narrow amounts of oxygen are fed into the gasifier. After a gasification process with a lack of oxygen, the synthesis gas consists largely of carbon monoxide, which can then be burned.

Beispielsweise wird das von der Schweltro mel abgegebene Schwelgas gewaschen. Das gewaschene Schwelgas wird dann ver¬ brannt, und der beim Waschen abgesonderte Schlamm kann ver¬ gast werden. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß nur wenig feste Stoffe in die Brennkammer gelangen. Bereits bedingt durch den vorgeschalteten Vergaser werden ihr keine festen Bestandteile des Schwelreststoffes zugeführt. Da in der Brennkammer nur Gase verbrannt werden, kommt man vorteilhaf¬ terweise mit einer einfach konstruierten, kleinen und kosten¬ günstigen Brennkammer aus.For example, the carbonization gas emitted by the Schweltro mel is washed. The washed carbonization gas is then burned and the sludge separated during washing can be gasified. This has the advantage that only a few solid substances get into the combustion chamber. Already due to the upstream carburettor, no solid components of the smoldering residue are fed to it. Since only gases are burned in the combustion chamber, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber.

Beispielsweise wird auch das Synthesegas vor dem Verbrennen gewaschen, und der dabei abgesonderte Schlamm wird vergast. Auch dieser Verfahrensschritt trägt dazu bei, die Brennkammer von festen Stoffen freizuhalten, wodurch man mit einer ko- stengünstigen Brennkammer auskommt.For example, the synthesis gas is also washed before burning and the sludge separated is gasified. This process step also helps to keep the combustion chamber free of solid substances, which means that the combustion chamber is inexpensive.

Beim Verbrennen von Synthesegas und Schwelgas fällt Rauchgaε an; dieses kann bei einer Rauchgasreinigung von Staub befreit werden. Dieser Staub wird beispielsweise dem ohnehin vorhan- denen Vergaser zugeführt und dort vergast. Dadurch ist ge¬ währleistet, daß der Staub aus dem Rauchgas in die schmelz¬ flüssige Schlacke eingebunden wird.When synthetic gas and carbonization gas are burned, flue gas is produced; This can be freed of dust during flue gas cleaning. This dust is fed, for example, to the already existing carburetor and gasified there. This ensures that the dust from the flue gas is incorporated into the molten slag.

Die schmelzflüssige Schlacke wird beispielsweise von einem Vergaser aus in ein Wasserbad eingeleitet. Dort entsteht ein Schmelzgranulat, das für die Umwelt ungefährlich ist und bei¬ spielsweise als Baumaterial verwendet werden kann.The molten slag is introduced into a water bath from a gasifier, for example. A melt granulate is formed there that is harmless to the environment and can be used, for example, as a building material.

Das Synthesegas kann beispielsweise in der Brennkammer eines Gasmotors verbrannt werden. Dieser kann beispielsweise einenThe synthesis gas can be burned, for example, in the combustion chamber of a gas engine. This can be, for example

Generator für die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie antreiben.Drive generator for the generation of electrical energy.

Aus dem anfallenden Rauchgas kann Wärmeenergie, beispiels- weise durch einen Wärmetauscher, entnommen werden. Die elek¬ trische und/oder die Wärmeenergie können vielfältig einge¬ setzt werden.Thermal energy, for example through a heat exchanger. The electrical and / or the thermal energy can be used in a variety of ways.

Die Aufgabe, eine kostengünstige Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall anzugeben, wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch ge¬ löst, daß die Ableitung der Trennvorrichtung für die feine Fraktion mit einem Vergaser verbunden ist, von dem eine Synthesegasableitung, die zu einer Brennkammer führt, und ei- ne Schlackeableitung ausgehen.The object of specifying an inexpensive device for the disposal of waste is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge of the separation device for the fine fraction is connected to a gasifier, from which a synthesis gas discharge leading to a combustion chamber and ne discharge of slag.

Durch das Einfügen des Vergasers, in dem die Temperatur so hoch ist, daß schmelzflüssige Schlacke abgegeben wird, wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß außer dem Schwelgas nur Synthesegas einer Brennkammer zugeführt werden muß. Man kommt daher mit einer kleinen und damit kostengünstigen Brennkammer aus. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß einerseits die festen Bestand¬ teile der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes schon im Ver¬ gaser abgetrennt werden und daß andererseits der Brennkammer fast nur Gase zugeführt werden. Das hat auch zur Folge, daß wenig Rauchgas anfällt, das ja - bevorzugt nach einer Rauch¬ gasreinigung - abgegeben werden muß. Folglich kommt man mit einer kleineren Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung aus. Es können auch zwei kleine Brennkammern, die eine für Schwelgas und die andere für Synthesegas, vorhanden sein.By inserting the gasifier, in which the temperature is so high that molten slag is released, the advantage is achieved that, apart from the carbonization gas, only synthesis gas has to be fed to a combustion chamber. You therefore get by with a small and therefore inexpensive combustion chamber. This is due to the fact that on the one hand the solid components of the fine fraction of the smoldering residue are already separated in the gasifier and on the other hand that almost only gases are fed to the combustion chamber. This also has the consequence that little flue gas is produced, which yes - preferably after flue gas cleaning - must be released. As a result, a smaller flue gas cleaning device can be used. There may also be two small combustion chambers, one for smoldering gas and the other for synthesis gas.

Die Synthesegasableitung des Vergasers kann zu einer üblichen Brennkammer und/oder zur Brennkammer eines Gasmotors führen. Dieser Gasmotor kann mit einem Generator zur Erzeugung elek- trischer Energie verbunden sein.The synthesis gas discharge of the carburetor can lead to a conventional combustion chamber and / or to the combustion chamber of a gas engine. This gas engine can be connected to a generator for generating electrical energy.

Die Schwelgasableitung der Schweltrommel und die Synthesegas- ableitung des Vergasers können in getrennte Brennkammern oder in dieselbe Brennkammer einmünden.The smoldering gas discharge of the smoldering drum and the synthesis gas discharge of the carburettor can open into separate combustion chambers or into the same combustion chamber.

Der Vergaser weist beispielsweise eine Zuführleitung für mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder für reinen Sauerstoff auf. Durch die Sauerstoffzufuhr wird eine hohe Temperatur im Ver¬ gaser gewährleistet.The carburetor has, for example, a supply line for oxygen-enriched air or for pure oxygen. The supply of oxygen ensures a high temperature in the gasifier.

Die Schwelgasableitung der Schweltrommel kann mit einem er- sten Gaswäscher verbunden sein, von dem eine Leitung für ge¬ waschenes Schwelgas und eine Leitung für Schlamm ausgehen. Die Leitung für das gewaschene Schwelgas kann mit der Brenn¬ kammer und die Leitung für den Schlamm mit dem Vergaser ver¬ bunden sein. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß das Schwelgas vor dem Eintritt in die Brennkammer gereinigt wird. Der abge¬ trennte Schlamm kann beseitigt oder bevorzugt zusammen mit dem Feinanteil des Schwelreststoffes im Vergaser vergast werden. Die Brennkammer ist dadurch weitgehend freigehalten von festen Stoffen, so daß eine einfache Ausführung der Brennkammer ausreicht.The carbonization gas discharge from the carbonization drum can be connected to a first gas scrubber, from which a line for washed carbonization gas and a line for sludge originate. The line for the washed carbonization gas can be connected to the combustion chamber and the line for the sludge to the gasifier. This ensures that the carbonization gas is cleaned before entering the combustion chamber. The separated sludge can be removed or preferably gasified together with the fine portion of the smoldering residue in the gasifier. The combustion chamber is thereby largely kept free of solid substances, so that a simple design of the combustion chamber is sufficient.

Die Synthesegasableitung des Vergasers kann mit einem zweiten Gaswäscher verbunden sein, von dem eine Leitung für gewasche¬ nes Synthesegas zur Brennkammer führt und eine Leitung für Schlamm zum Vergaser zurückführt. Auch durch diese Maßnahmen wird dafür gesorgt, daß weitgehend keine festen Stoffe in die Brennkammer gelangen.The synthesis gas discharge line of the gasifier can be connected to a second gas scrubber, from which a line for scrubbed synthesis gas leads to the combustion chamber and a line for sludge leads back to the gasifier. These measures also ensure that largely no solid substances get into the combustion chamber.

Am Rauchgasausgang der Brennkammer ist bevorzugt eine Rauch- gasreinigungsvorrichtung angeschlossen, deren Staubausgang beispielsweise mit dem Vergaser verbunden ist. Damit wird vorteilhafterweise Staub aus dem Rauchgas in den Vergaser eingebracht, wo er, sofern er nicht vergast wird, in die schmelzflüssige Schlacke eingebunden wird.A flue gas cleaning device is preferably connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the dust outlet of which is connected, for example, to the carburetor. This advantageously introduces dust from the flue gas into the gasifier, where, if it is not gasified, it is incorporated into the molten slag.

Dem Rauchgasausgang kann beispielsweise ein Wärmetauscher nachgeschaltet sein, um Wärmeenergie aus dem heißen Rauchgas zu gewinnen.A heat exchanger can be connected downstream of the flue gas outlet, for example, in order to obtain thermal energy from the hot flue gas.

Die Schlackeableitung des Vergasers kann in einen Wasserbe¬ hälter führen, so daß dort ein Schmelzgranulat gebildet wird, das beispielsweise als Baumaterial dienen kann. Mit dem Verfahren und der Einrichtung nach der Erfindung wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die feine Fraktion des Schwelrest¬ stoffes und gegebenenfalls auch Schlämme und Stäube zunächst vergast werden, wodurch ein brennbares Synthesegas und ein Schmelzgranulat anfallen. Das Schmelzgranulat kann als Roh¬ stoff verwendet werden. Das Synthesegas wird separat oder zu¬ sammen mit dem Schwelgas aus der Schweltrommel verbrannt. Da keine festen Stoffe verbrannt werden müssen, kommt man vor¬ teilhafterweise mit einer einfach konstruierten, kleinen und kostengünstigen Brennkammer aus. Folglich fällt auch wenig Rauchgas an, das abgegeben werden muß, und man benötigt nur eine kleine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung.The slag discharge of the gasifier can lead into a water container, so that a melt granulate is formed there, which can be used, for example, as a building material. With the method and the device according to the invention, the advantage is achieved that the fine fraction of the smoldering residue and optionally also sludge and dust are first gasified, as a result of which flammable synthesis gas and melt granules are obtained. The melt granulate can be used as raw material. The synthesis gas is burned separately or together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. Since no solid substances have to be burned, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber. As a result, there is little flue gas to be released and only a small flue gas purification device is required.

Ein Auεführungsbeispiel einer Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall nach der Erfindung, mit der das Verfahren nach der Er¬ findung durchgeführt werden kann, wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of a device for disposal of waste according to the invention, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out, is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Der zu entsorgende Abfall A wird über eine Abfallzuführvorrich tung la einer Schweltrommel 1 zugeführt, wo er verschwelt un dabei in Schwelgas SG und Schwelreststoff SR aufgeteilt wird Eine Schwelgasableitung 2, 2 ' verbindet die Schweltrommel 1 mi einer Brennkammer 3. Eine Schwelreststoffableitung 4 verbinde die Schweltrommel 1 mit einer Trennvorrichtung 5, in der de Schwelreststoff SR in eine grobe Fraktion GR und eine fein Fraktion FR aufgeteilt wird. Die grobe Fraktion GR beinhalte im wesentlichen Metallteile, Glas und Steine. Die feine Frakti on FR beinhaltet im wesentlichen kohlenstoffhaltigen Schwel reststoff. Die Trennvorrichtung 5 kann als Sieb ausgebilde sein. Von der Trennvorrichtung 5 geht eine Ableitung 5a für di grobe Fraktion GR und eine Ableitung 6 für die feine Fraktio FR des Schwelreststoffes SR aus. Die Ableitung 6 für die fein Fraktion FR führt zu einem Vergaser 7.The waste A to be disposed of is fed via a waste feed device la to a smoldering drum 1, where it is carbonized and divided into smoldering gas SG and smoldering residue SR. A smoldering gas discharge line 2, 2 'connects the smoldering drum 1 with a combustion chamber 3. A smoldering residue discharge line 4 connects the smoldering drum 1 with a separating device 5, in which the sulfur residue SR is divided into a coarse fraction GR and a fine fraction FR. The coarse fraction GR essentially contains metal parts, glass and stones. The fine Frakti on FR essentially contains carbon-containing smoldering residue. The separating device 5 can be designed as a sieve. A derivation 5a for the coarse fraction GR and a derivation 6 for the fine fraction FR of the smoldering residue SR originate from the separating device 5. The derivative 6 for the fine fraction FR leads to a carburetor 7.

Der Vergaser 7 muß nur zur Inbetriebnahme der Einrichtung ex tern beheizt werden. Während des laufenden Betriebes wird ein Teilmenge des zugeführten Gutes verbrannt, was die notwendig Wärmeenergie zur Vergasung des verbleibenden kohlenstoffhalti gen Gutes liefert. Dem Vergaser 7 wird über eine Luftzuleitun 8 mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft L oder reiner Sauerstof zugeführt. Dadurch erreicht man im Vergaser 7 eine sehr hoh Temperatur, die 2000 °C betragen kann. Bei dieser Temperatur, die oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes aller nichtbrennbaren zugeführ ten Stoffe liegt, wird die zugeführte feine Fraktion FR de Schwelreststoffes SR in schmelzflüssige Schlacke S und ei Synthesegas SY umgewandelt. Da die zugeführte Luftmenge i Vergleich zur Schwelreststoffmenge klein gehalten wird, erfolg die Vergasung unter Sauerstoffmangel, so daß das Synthesegas S im wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoffmonoxid besteht. Di schmelzflüssige Schlacke S wird über eine Schlackeableitung aus dem Vergaser 7 abgelassen und gelangt in einen Wasserbe hälter 10, wo sich ein Schmelzgranulat bildet. Das Schmelzgra nulat kann als Rohstoff verwendet werden.The carburetor 7 only needs to be heated externally to start up the device. During operation, a subset of the supplied goods is burned, which is necessary Provides thermal energy for the gasification of the remaining carbon-containing goods. The carburetor 7 is supplied with oxygen-enriched air L or pure oxygen via an air supply line 8. This results in a very high temperature in the carburetor 7, which can be 2000 ° C. At this temperature, which is above the melting point of all non-combustible supplied substances, the supplied fine fraction FR de residual sulfur SR is converted into molten slag S and egg synthesis gas SY. Since the amount of air supplied is kept small compared to the amount of residual sulfur, the gasification takes place with a lack of oxygen, so that the synthesis gas S consists essentially of carbon monoxide. The molten slag S is discharged via a slag discharge from the gasifier 7 and enters a water tank 10, where a melt granulate forms. The melting granulate can be used as a raw material.

Das Synthesegas SY verläßt den Vergaser 7 über eine Synthese gasableitung 11, die zur Brennkammer 3 führt. In der Brennkam mer 3 wird das Synthesegas SY im vorliegenden Fall zusammen mi dem Schwelgas SG verbrannt. Auch eine getrennte Verbrennung de Gase SG und SY ist möglich. Da der Brennkammer 3 nur Gase zuge führt werden, kommt man mit einer kostengünstigen kleine Brennkammer 3 aus. Der Brennkammer 3 können über eine Luftzu leitung 12 mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft L* oder reine Sauerstoff zugeführt werden. In der Brennkammer 3 erfolgt ein vollständige Verbrennung. Von einem Rauchgasausgang 3a de Brennkammer 3 geht eine Rauchgasableitung 13 für Rauchgas R aus, die über einen Abhitzedampferzeuger oder Wärmetauscher 1 und eine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 15, die einen Staubaus gang 15a aufweist, zu einem Kamin 16 führt.The synthesis gas SY leaves the gasifier 7 via a synthesis gas discharge line 11 which leads to the combustion chamber 3. In the Brennkam mer 3, the synthesis gas SY is burned together with the smoldering gas SG in the present case. Separate combustion of gases SG and SY is also possible. Since the combustion chamber 3 only gases are supplied, one can get by with an inexpensive small combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 3 can be supplied via an air supply line 12 with oxygen-enriched air L * or pure oxygen. Complete combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 3. From a flue gas outlet 3a de combustion chamber 3, a flue gas discharge line 13 for flue gas R starts, which leads to a chimney 16 via a heat recovery steam generator or heat exchanger 1 and a flue gas cleaning device 15 which has a dust outlet 15a.

In der Schwelgasableitung 2, 2' der Schweltrommel 1 kann ei erster Gaswäscher 17 angeordnet sein. Dort abgetrennter Schlam SCH gelangt über eine Schlammableitung 18 in den Vergaser 7. Vom ersten Gaswäscher 17 führt ein Teilabschnitt der Schwelgasableitung 2 ' , durch den gewaschenes Schvrelgas SG strömt, zur Brennkammer 3. Durch den ersten Gaswäscher 17 is sichergestellt, daß die Brennkammer 3 von festen Verunreinigun gen des Schwelgases SG freibleibt.A first gas scrubber 17 can be arranged in the carbonization line 2, 2 'of the carbonization drum 1. Sludge SCH separated there arrives in the carburetor 7 via a sludge discharge line 18. A section of the leads from the first gas scrubber 17 Smoldering gas discharge line 2 ', through which washed sulfur gas SG flows, to the combustion chamber 3. The first gas scrubber 17 ensures that the combustion chamber 3 remains free of solid contaminations of the smoldering gas SG.

Das Synthesegas SY kann statt der Brennkammer 3 über ein separate (gestrichelt gezeichnete) Synthesegasableitung 19, 19' der Brennkammer 20a eines Gasmotors 20 zugeführt und dor verbrannt werden. Auch ist eine Verbrennung in beiden Brennkam mern 3, 20a möglich. In die Synthesegasableitung 19, 19', abe auch in die Synthesegasableitung 11 kann ein zweiter Gaswäsche 21 eingefügt sein. Es gelangt dann gewaschenes Synthesegas SY in die Brennkammer 20a bzw. 3. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, da feste Bestandteile, die sich im Synthesegas SY befinden können, nicht in die Brennkammer 3 oder in den Gasmotor 20 gelangen. Diese festen Bestandteile gelangen als Schlamm SC über ein Schlammableitung 22 zurück in den Vergaser 7. Der Gasmotor 2 kann einen (nicht gezeigten) Generator antreiben. Eine vo einem Rauchgasausgang 20b des Gasmotors 20 ausgehend (gestrichelte) Rauchgasableitung 23 ist mit dem Eingang de Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 15 verbunden, die das abgegeben Rauchgas RG' aufnimmt. In der Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 1 abgetrennter Staub ST und auch im Abhitzedampferzeuge (Wärmetauscher) 14 abgetrennter Staub ST können über Staubab leitungen 25, 24 dem Vergaser 7 zugeleitet werden.Instead of the combustion chamber 3, the synthesis gas SY can be fed to the combustion chamber 20a of a gas engine 20 via a separate (dashed line) synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 'and burned there. Combustion in both combustion chambers 3, 20a is also possible. A second gas scrubber 21 can be inserted into the synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ', but also into the synthesis gas discharge line 11. Washed synthesis gas SY then arrives in the combustion chamber 20a or 3. This ensures that solid constituents which may be in the synthesis gas SY do not get into the combustion chamber 3 or into the gas engine 20. These solid components get back into the carburetor 7 as sludge SC via a sludge drain 22. The gas engine 2 can drive a generator (not shown). A flue gas discharge line 23 (dashed line) starting from a flue gas outlet 20b of the gas motor 20 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas cleaning device 15, which receives the flue gas RG 'emitted. In the flue gas cleaning device 1 separated dust ST and also in the heat recovery steam generator (heat exchanger) 14 separated dust ST can be supplied to the carburetor 7 via dust pipes 25, 24.

Mit der geschilderten Einrichtung wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß der Brennkammer 3 und/oder dem Gasmotor 20 nur Gase zu¬ geführt werden. Es gelangen keine festen Stoffe dorthin. Man kommt daher mit einer kostengünstigen Brennkammer 3 aus.The device described has the advantage that only gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 3 and / or the gas engine 20. No solid substances get there. One therefore needs an inexpensive combustion chamber 3.

Der Einsatz eines Gasmotors 20 ist nur mit Hilfe des vorge¬ schalteten Vergasers 7 möglich, da der Gasmotor 20 nur mit Gas betrieben werden kann. The use of a gas engine 20 is only possible with the help of the upstream carburetor 7, since the gas engine 20 can only be operated with gas.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims 1. Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Abfall (A) , wobei der Abfall (A) verschwelt wird, so daß Schwelgas (SG) und fester Schwel- reststoff (SR) anfallen, wobei das Schwelgas (SG) verbrannt wird und wobei der Schwelreststoff (SR) in eine grobe (GR) und eine feine Fraktion (FR) aufgeteilt wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die feine Fraktion (FR) einer Vergasung unterzogen wird, daß die Temperatur dabei oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur derjenigen Stoffe liegt, die der Vergasung unterzogen werden und die nicht brennbar sind, so daß Synthesegas (SY) und schmelzflüs¬ sige Schlacke (S) anfallen, und daß das Synthesegas (SY) ver¬ brannt wird.1. A method for disposing of waste (A), wherein the waste (A) is carbonized so that carbonization gas (SG) and solid sulfuric residue (SR) are obtained, wherein the carbonization gas (SG) is burned and wherein the carbonization residue (SR ) is divided into a coarse (GR) and a fine fraction (FR), characterized in that the fine fraction (FR) is subjected to gasification, that the temperature is above the melting temperature of those substances which are subjected to gasification and which are not are combustible, so that synthesis gas (SY) and molten slag (S) are obtained, and that the synthesis gas (SY) is burned. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Synthesegas (SY) zusammen mit dem Schwelgas (SG) verbrannt wird.2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the synthesis gas (SY) is burned together with the carbonization gas (SG). 3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Verbrennung unter Zuführung von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft (L*) erfolgt.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, that the combustion takes place with the supply of oxygen-enriched air (L *). 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die feine Fraktion (FR) unter Zuführung von mit Sauerstoff ange¬ reicherter Luft (L) vergast wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, so that the fine fraction (FR) is gasified with the supply of oxygen-enriched air (L). 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Schwelgas (SG) gewaschen wird, daß das gewaschene Schwelgas (SGW) verbrannt wird und daß der beim Waschen abgesonderte Schlamm (SCH) vergast wird. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carbonization gas (SG) is washed, that the carbonization gas washed (SGW) is burned and that the separated sludge (SCH) is gasified during washing. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Synthesegas (SY) gewaschen wird, daß das gewaschene Synthese¬ gas (SYW) verbrannt wird und daß der beim Waschen abgeson- derte Schlamm (SC) vergast wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, that the synthesis gas (SY) is washed, that the washed synthesis gas (SYW) is burned and that the sludge (SC) which is separated during washing is gasified. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Rauchgas (RG, RG'), das beim Verbrennen des Synthesegases (SY) und/oder des Schwelgases (SG) anfällt, von Staub (ST) befreit wird und daß der Staub (ST) vergast wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flue gas (RG, RG '), which is obtained when the synthesis gas (SY) and / or the smoldering gas (SG) is burned, is freed from dust (ST) and in that the dust (ST) is gasified. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die schmelzflüssige Schlacke (S) in ein Wasserbad (10) eingelei¬ tet wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, so that the molten slag (S) is introduced into a water bath (10). 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Synthesegas (SY) einem Gasmotor (20) zugeführt wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, that the synthesis gas (SY) is fed to a gas engine (20). 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß aus dem Rauchgas (RG, RG' ) , das beim Verbrennen des Synthesegases (SY) und/oder des Schwelgases (SG) anfällt, Wärmeenergie entnommen wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that thermal energy is removed from the flue gas (RG, RG ') which arises when the synthesis gas (SY) and / or the smoldering gas (SG) is burned. 11. Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall (A) mit einer Ab¬ fallzuführvorrichtung (la) , die in eine Schweltrommel (1) mündet, von der eine Schwelgasableitung (2) und eine Schwel¬ reststoffableitung (4) ausgehen, wobei die Schwelgasableitung (2, 2') mit einer Brennkammer (3) in Verbindung steht, die einen Rauchgasausgang (3a) hat, und wobei die Schwelrest¬ stoffableitung (4) mit einer Trennvorrichtung (5) verbunden ist, die Ableitungen (5a, 6) für eine grobe (GR) und eine feine Fraktion (FR) aufweist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Ableitung (6) der Trennvorrichtung (5) für die feine Fraktion (FR) mit einem Vergaser (7) verbunden ist, von dem eine Synthesegasableitung (11;19, 19'), die zu einer Brennkammer (3; 20a) führt, und eine Schlackeableitung (9) ausgehen.11. Device for disposing of waste (A) with a waste supply device (la) which opens into a carbonization drum (1), from which a carbonization line (2) and a carbonate discharge line (4) emanate, the carbonization line (2 , 2 ') is connected to a combustion chamber (3) which has a flue gas outlet (3a), and the Schwelrest¬ discharge line (4) is connected to a separating device (5), the discharge lines (5a, 6) for a coarse (GR) and a fine fraction (FR), characterized in that the derivation (6) of the separating device (5) for the fine fraction (FR) is connected to a gasifier (7), from which a synthesis gas discharge (11; 19, 19 ') leading to a combustion chamber (3; 20a) and a slag discharge (9) originate. 12. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Synthesegasableitung (19, 19') vom Vergaser (3) zur Brenn¬ kammer (20a) eines Gasmotores (20) führt.12. The device according to claim 11, so that the synthesis gas discharge line (19, 19 ') from the carburetor (3) leads to the combustion chamber (20a) of a gas engine (20). 13. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schwelgasableitung (2, 2') der Schweltrommel (1) und die Synthesegasableitung (11) des Vergasers (7) in dieselbe Brennkammer (3) einmünden.13. Device according to one of claims 11 or 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the carbonization line (2, 2 ') of the carbonization drum (1) and the synthesis gas line (11) of the gasifier (7) open into the same combustion chamber (3). 14. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß in den Vergaser (7) eine Zuführleitung (8) für mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft (L) einmündet.14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, so that a feed line (8) for oxygen-enriched air (L) opens into the gasifier (7). 15. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schwelgasableitung (2) der Schweltrommel (1) mit einem Gaswä¬ scher (17) verbunden ist, von dem eine Schwelgasableitung (2') für gewaschenes Schwelgas (SGW) und eine Schlammablei¬ tung (18) für Schlamm (SCH) ausgehen, und daß die Schwelgas¬ ableitung (2') für gewaschenes Schwelgas (SGW) mit der Brenn¬ kammer (3) und die Schlammableitung (18) mit dem Vergaser (7) verbunden sind.15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the carbonization line (2) of the carbonization drum (1) is connected to a gas scrubber (17), from which a carbonization line (2 ') for washed carbonization gas (SGW) and a sludge line (18) for sludge (SCH) is going out, and that the carbonization line (2 ') for washed carbonization gas (SGW) with the combustion chamber (3) and the sludge line (18) with the gasifier (7) are connected. 16. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Synthesegasableitung (19) des Vergasers (7) mit einem Gaswä¬ scher (21) verbunden ist, von dem eine Synthesegasableitung (19') für gewaschenes Synthesegas (SYW) zur Brennkammer (20a) führt und eine Schlammableitung (22) für Schlamm (SC) zum Vergaser (7) zurückführt. 16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the synthesis gas discharge line (19) of the gasifier (7) with a Gaswä¬ shear (21) is connected, from which a synthesis gas discharge line (19 ') for washed synthesis gas (SYW) for Combustion chamber (20a) leads and a sludge discharge (22) for sludge (SC) returns to the gasifier (7). 17. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß am Rauchgasausgang (3a, 20b) der Brennkammer (3, 20a) eine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung (15) angeschlossen ist und daß der Staubausgang (15a) der Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung (15) mit dem Vergaser (7) verbunden ist.17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that a flue gas cleaning device (15) is connected to the flue gas outlet (3a, 20b) of the combustion chamber (3, 20a) and that the dust outlet (15a) of the flue gas cleaning device (15) with the carburetor (7) is connected. 18. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß dem Rauchgasausgang (3a, 20b) der Brennkammer (3, 20a) ein Wärme¬ tauscher (14) zugeordnet ist.18. Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, so that the flue gas outlet (3a, 20b) of the combustion chamber (3, 20a) is assigned a heat exchanger (14). 19. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schlackeableitung (9) des Vergasers (7) in einen Wasserbehäl¬ ter (10) mündet. 19. Device according to one of claims 11 to 18, so that the slag discharge (9) of the gasifier (7) opens into a water container (10).
EP94908964A 1993-03-17 1994-03-08 Waste disposal process and device Expired - Lifetime EP0689574B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4308551 1993-03-17
DE4308551A DE4308551A1 (en) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Thermal waste disposal process - involves gasification of carbonisation fines to reduce process costs
PCT/DE1994/000255 WO1994021751A1 (en) 1993-03-17 1994-03-08 Waste disposal process and device

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ATE154384T1 (en) 1997-06-15
CA2158463A1 (en) 1994-09-29
ES2102845T3 (en) 1997-08-01
DK0689574T3 (en) 1998-01-19
WO1994021751A1 (en) 1994-09-29
DE59403120D1 (en) 1997-07-17

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