EP0677718B1 - Projectile destiné à agresser des cibles dures - Google Patents
Projectile destiné à agresser des cibles dures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0677718B1 EP0677718B1 EP95400742A EP95400742A EP0677718B1 EP 0677718 B1 EP0677718 B1 EP 0677718B1 EP 95400742 A EP95400742 A EP 95400742A EP 95400742 A EP95400742 A EP 95400742A EP 0677718 B1 EP0677718 B1 EP 0677718B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- charge
- projectile
- initiation
- explosive
- contactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
- F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is that of projectiles intended to attack hard structures of the type comprising for example stone structures, brick, concrete or other building materials.
- Such targets are usually assigned to engineering teams responsible for placing explosives directly in contact with the structure.
- patent EP433254 on which the preamble of claim 1 is based describes a projectile comprising a double warhead switch.
- a first contact is closed upon impact on a "soft" target, such as an aircraft or a light vehicle. This first contact causes the initiation of the charge after a certain delay, that is practically when the projectile is at inside the target.
- a second contact is closed during the impact on a "hard” target, ie a target that the projectile does not can not cross, this contact causes an initiation immediately of the explosive charge.
- Such a projectile is capable of distinguishing between a "soft” target like a light vehicle or an aircraft and a “hard” target like a tank, but it is ineffective against targets of the overprotected buildings or casemates type.
- Patent EP154580 describes a tandem charge projectile in which the initiation delay between the two charges is function of the protective screen movement time intercharges. The charges formed from this projectile are initiated at a distance from the armored target.
- Patent DE3800976 describes a gyro-stabilized projectile containing a hollow charge.
- the bullet of this projectile is shaped so as to ensure braking in rotation of the projectile on impact on a target.
- the charge formed is initiated upon impact on the target.
- the projectile proposed by the invention is able to pass through peripheral protections such as sandbags to come bring and initiate the charge explosive even on contact with the hard structure.
- the subject of the invention is a projectile intended to assault hard targets such as stone structures, brick or concrete and comprising an explosive charge and means for initiating it, projectile characterized in that it has a penetrator, which only deforms impact with a target of minimum mechanical resistance data, and an internal impact switch located between the penetrator and charge, projectile comprising means initiating the charge in response to the crash of the internal contactor and after the explosive charge began to deform following the impact on the target.
- the invention thus combines perforating means (the penetrator), which ensure the passage of the projectile to the through possible overprotections, and means of charge initiation which determine an operation "squash head” type (initiation after crushing the load) in contact with the structure.
- the explosive charge is a formed filler comprising a concave coating on the contact of an explosive material and delimiting a cavity.
- Such a characteristic increases the anti-structure efficiency of the projectile and allows to give it a mode of anti-armored operation.
- the internal contactor is disposed in the cavity delimited by the coating, so that the contactor can only be closed after that the load has started to deform following its impact on a target.
- the means ensuring charge initiation include a first delay actuated by the internal contactor.
- the explosive charge contains at least one explosive material giving a breath strengthened during its initiation, for example a aluminum powder.
- the projectile has a ballistic warhead arranged in front of the indenter and carrying an actuated electrical contact upon impact on a target.
- the projectile comprises a selector for shooting mode to choose between an initiation of the charge after closing the internal contactor and an initiation following the closure of the warhead contact.
- overwriting the warhead contact may cause initiation of the charge via a second delay.
- a projectile 1 according to the invention comprises an explosive charge 2 disposed at the interior of a cylindrical envelope 3 of light alloy for example aluminum.
- Envelope 3 is closed at its rear by a bottom 4 which carries stabilization fins 5 regularly distributed angularly.
- the fins are articulated on yokes 6 carried by the bottom 4 and are deployed during the projectile fired from a recoilless type launcher known and not shown.
- Explosive charge 2 is a formed charge comprising a concave coating 7 in contact with an explosive material.
- the coating defines a cavity 8 which is here of shape conical.
- the explosive material will be chosen so as to generate during its initiation a reinforced breath effect, this in order to increase the shock wave at initiation the outside of concrete structures which favors their fragmentation. Such an explosive material also makes it possible to give an incendiary effect to the rear of targets of the type armored or lightly armored vehicles.
- an explosive as an explosive containing a finely divided reducing additive, such as metallic powder, preferably aluminum powder.
- Hexal i.e. a mixture of hexogen and aluminum powder in the following mass proportions: Hexogene 70% to 90%, Aluminum 30% to 10%.
- the explosive can be placed by compression in the casing 3 equipped with its coating or else be machined to its final dimensions and glued into the envelope.
- the coating is made of a ductile material (by example copper), material susceptible to deformation of so as to form a jet during the initiation of the explosive.
- the coating is supported on a conical bearing 9 fitted on a penetrator 10.
- This support ensures the maintenance of the coating and of the explosive charge during strong decelerations which intervene on impact on sandbags.
- the indenter 10 is made of a material resistant to impact, for example aluminum.
- the profile of the penetrator is determined by the man of the loom so as to ensure a crossing without deformation of sandbags or other light protection. This profile is also defined so as not to withstand the impact on a hard structure such as concrete or stone.
- the indenter 10 has a shoulder at its rear part 11 on which the envelope 3 comes to bear. Envelope 3 is fixed to the indenter 10 by gluing. Another mode of fixing could be adopted for example pins radial or screwing.
- the projectile 1 also includes a ballistic cap 12 made of light material, for example composite of fiberglass, and glued to the penetrator 10.
- the cap is intended to give an aerodynamic profile to the projectile so as to reduce its loss of speed on its trajectory ballistic.
- the cap 12 comes to bear on the penetrator 10 at level of two shoulders, a rear shoulder 13 and a front shoulder 14.
- the cap 12 has a contact at its front part electric 15 which in a known manner includes a cap light metallic 15a (for example brass) bonded to a bearing surface 16 of the cap and a metal layer 15b deposited on the front part of the cap.
- Contacts 15a and 15b are connected by conductors 17a and 17b to means 18 for initiating the explosive charge, means arranged in the bottom 4 and comprising in particular a primer 18a.
- the conductors 17a and 17b may for example be glued to the external surface of the projectile 1.
- the projectile 1 finally comprises an internal contactor 19 which is disposed inside the cavity 8 delimited by the coating 7.
- the contactor comprises a support 20 made of insulating material (e.g. plastic or composite) and profile external conical which is glued to the covering 7.
- the support 20 carries a metallization 19b on a part central, as well as a light metal cap 19a glued on a surface 21 of the support 20.
- the contacts 19a and 19b are connected to the priming means 18 by conductors 22a and 22b. Drivers must cross the load in a place such that they are not cut or destroyed before contact 19 closes, they must therefore be behind the contactor in the direction of action of the projectile.
- the conductors 22 pass through the coating 7 at an axial hole 23 and also pass through substantially axially the explosive material of the charge 2.
- the installation of the internal contactor 19 inside of the cavity 8 delimited by the coating 7 has the effect of only allow it to close when the charge has started to deform following its impact on a target.
- Figure 2 shows schematically the initiation means of the projectile according to the invention.
- a fire mode selector 24 which is preferably placed outside the projectile and connected to it by conductors 25 (see Figure 1). he will be mounted for example on the barrel of the weapon.
- the selector 24 makes it possible to choose between an "anti” mode structure "(in which the contacts 24a and 24b are connected) and an “anti-armored” mode (in which the contacts 24a and 24c are connected).
- the "anti-structure" mode corresponds to a choice of initiation of the explosive charge following the closure of the internal contactor 19.
- the "anti-armored" mode corresponds to a choice of initiation of the explosive charge following the closure of the cap contact 15.
- the initiation means include a source of energy 26 which may be constituted by a bootable battery or again by one or more capacitors charged before shoot.
- the electrical primer 18a is connected on the one hand to the energy source 26 and on the other hand in contact 24a of the fire mode selector.
- the metallizations 15b of the cap contact and 19b of the internal contactor are connected in parallel to the source of energy 26.
- the conductive cap 15a of the cap contact is connected to contact 24c of the firing mode selector 24.
- the conductive cap 19a of the internal contactor is connected to the contact 24b of the fire mode selector 24 by through a first electronic delay 27 (which could possibly be omitted depending on the structure of the projectile as will be explained later).
- a second electronic delay 28 is arranged in parallel between contacts 24a and 24c of the mode selector shooting.
- the operation of the projectile is as follows.
- the shooter When the shooter wishes to destroy a structure (overprotected or not), he chooses the appropriate mode on the fire selector 24. During the impact of the projectile on the any external protection, the cap contact 15 closes which does not initiate charge initiation but initiates the delay 28.
- Ballistic cap 12 is destroyed by the first impact, but the penetrator 10 is strong enough and has a suitable profile to allow the crossing of overprotections (such as sandbags) without damage to the explosive charge.
- the coating 7 then comes into contact with the structure hard and its base is crushed in turn. Load explosive deforms and the explosive disposed at the level of the base of coating also crashes on target.
- the internal contactor 15 is closed, causing charge initiation.
- the delay 27 may be omitted, because we are sure that the load is crushed on the structure lasts when the contactor 19 closes.
- the effect of the projectile according to the invention is therefore a combined effect which combines the formation of a jet by the non-deformed part of the coating, and an overpressure effect due to the initiation of the explosive crashed on the target ("Squash Head” effect).
- a combination gives a particularly perforating effect effective on concrete, stone or brick structures.
- the "Squash Head” effect is also enhanced by the adoption of a significant blast explosive such as the Hexal.
- Delay 28 will be chosen so that it cannot initiate the charge before crushing the contactor 19.
- the delay 28 has the function of ensuring a self-destruction of the projectile in case it does not meet no hard structure likely to deform the penetrator 10.
- This self-destruction also gives the projectile an offensive effect against light targets such as road vehicles, light vehicles, aircraft or bunkers (i.e. light shelters formed by a simple stack of materials).
- the self-destruction mode also allows, in the case where the indenter does not meet a hard structure, to ensure an initiation of the projectile inside the overprotection which allows to clear the latter in sight of a subsequent attack.
- the cap contact 15 closes, causing instant initiation of the explosive charge at a distance optimal target, distance defined in a known manner by the length of the cap. This optimal distance allows jet charge to develop and have the better armor piercing performance.
- the projectile according to the invention therefore allows with a two position selector to get three modes of operation different: anti-armored, anti-structure, anti-target slight.
- the projectile represented in figure 3 differs from that in Figure 1 by the position given to the internal contactor 20.
- the latter is here stuck inside the cavity internal 29 of the indenter 10. Such an arrangement allows to facilitate assembly by authorizing the passage of conductors 22a and 22b from the outside of the load 2.
- the internal contactor 20 can be given any position axial between the bottom of the internal cavity 29 of the indenter 10 and the bottom of the cavity 8 delimited by the covering 7, it will suffice to adjust the delay 27 accordingly.
- Such a projectile will have an anti-structure efficiency with behavior of the type described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 représente en coupe axiale un projectile selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 est un schéma décrivant la structure des moyens d'initiation du projectile selon l'invention,
- la figure 3 représente le détail d'une variante de réalisation d'un projectile selon l'invention.
Claims (10)
- Projectile destiné à agresser des cibles dures telles des structures de pierre, brique ou béton et comprenant une charge explosive (2) et des moyens d'amorçage (18) de celle-ci, projectile caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un pénétrateur (10), qui ne se déforme qu'à l'impact avec une cible d'une résistance mécanique minimale donnée, et un contacteur d'impact interne (19) disposé entre le pénétrateur (10) et la charge (2), projectile comportant des moyens assurant l'initiation de la charge (2) en réponse à l'écrasement du contacteur interne (19) et après que la charge explosive (2) ait commencé à se déformer consécutivement à l'impact sur la cible.
- Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la charge explosive (2) est une charge formée comprenant un revêtement concave (7) au contact d'un matériau explosif et délimitant une cavité (8).
- Projectile selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le contacteur interne (19) est disposé dans la cavité (8) délimitée par le revêtement (7), de telle sorte que le contacteur (19) ne puisse être fermé qu'après que la charge (2) ait commencé à se déformer suite à son impact sur une cible.
- Projectile selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens assurant l'initiation de la charge comprennent un premier retard (27) actionné par le contacteur interne (19).
- Projectile selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la charge explosive (2) comporte au moins un matériau explosif donnant un effet de souffle renforcé lors de son initiation, par exemple une poudre d'aluminium.
- Projectile selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau explosif de la charge est un mélange d'hexogène et de poudre d'aluminium dans les proportions en masse suivantes: Hexogène 70% à 90%, Aluminium 30% à 10%.
- Projectile selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une ogive balistique (12) disposée en avant du pénétrateur (10) et portant un contact électrique (15) actionné lors de l'impact sur une cible.
- Projectile selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un sélecteur de mode de tir (24) permettant de choisir entre une initiation de la charge (2) consécutive à la fermeture du contacteur interne (19) et une initiation suite à la fermeture du contact d'ogive (15).
- Projectile selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lorsque le sélecteur (24) est positionné de façon à choisir le contact d'ogive (15), l'écrasement de ce dernier lors de l'impact sur une cible provoque une initiation immédiate de la charge (2).
- Projectile selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lorsque le sélecteur (24) est positionné de façon à choisir le contacteur interne (19), l'écrasement du contact d'ogive (15) peut cependant provoquer une initiation de la charge (2) par l'intermédiaire d'un deuxième retard (28).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9404528 | 1994-04-15 | ||
| FR9404528A FR2718842B1 (fr) | 1994-04-15 | 1994-04-15 | Projectile destiné à agresser des cibles dures. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0677718A1 EP0677718A1 (fr) | 1995-10-18 |
| EP0677718B1 true EP0677718B1 (fr) | 1998-11-18 |
Family
ID=9462154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95400742A Expired - Lifetime EP0677718B1 (fr) | 1994-04-15 | 1995-04-03 | Projectile destiné à agresser des cibles dures |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5515786A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0677718B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69506024T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2124975T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2718842B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL113317A (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA952971B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2735567B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-07-25 | Tda Armements Sas | Tete militaire, notamment a charge generatrice de noyau |
| US5834684A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-11-10 | Lockheed Martin Vought Systems Corporation | Penetrator having multiple impact segments |
| FR2770637B1 (fr) | 1997-11-03 | 1999-12-03 | Giat Ind Sa | Projectile a charge formee et systeme d'arme tirant un tel projectile |
| US6186072B1 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2001-02-13 | Sandia Corporation | Monolithic ballasted penetrator |
| RU2156952C1 (ru) * | 1999-08-02 | 2000-09-27 | Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики | Кумулятивная боевая часть |
| DE10057673A1 (de) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-23 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Gefechtskopf |
| EP1739385B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-01 | 2012-06-13 | Saab Ab | Munition avec précurseur cinétique |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2728296A (en) * | 1945-02-27 | 1955-12-27 | Leo T Meister | Instantaneous detonator for hollow charge projectiles |
| US3633510A (en) * | 1970-08-05 | 1972-01-11 | Us Navy | Dual mode fuze explosive train |
| US4463678A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1984-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hybrid shaped-charge/kinetic/energy penetrator |
| IL65880A (en) * | 1981-06-24 | 1986-02-28 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Shattering and incendiary shell containing a projectile body |
| FR2559896B1 (fr) * | 1984-02-20 | 1987-09-25 | France Etat Armement | Retard d'initiation pour tete militaire a charges formees montees en tandem |
| SE446483B (sv) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-09-15 | Bofors Ab | Pansarsprenggranat, innefattande en rsv-laddning, med forsterkt spets for mekanisk penetration av aktivt pansar |
| EP0217770B1 (fr) * | 1985-09-27 | 1992-01-22 | Nobel Kemi AB | Procédé de flegmatisation d'explosifs cristallins et d'autres substances cristallines explosives ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'explosifs liés avec une matière plastique et substances fabriquées suivant le procédé |
| SE457187B (sv) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-12-05 | Bofors Ab | Pansarspraenggranat |
| DE3800975A1 (de) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-07-27 | Bongers Hermann | Panzergeschoss mit additiver durchschlagswirkung |
| DE3800976A1 (de) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-07-27 | Bongers Hermann | Panzer-drallstopp-geschoss |
| SE8901203D0 (sv) * | 1989-04-06 | 1989-04-06 | Bofors Ab | Ammunition |
| SE468529B (sv) * | 1989-04-06 | 1993-02-01 | Bofors Ab | Pansarspraenggranat |
| SE465389B (sv) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-09-02 | Bofors Ab | Ammunitionsenhet med adaptivt anslagsroer som foermaar avkaenna haardheten hos ett maal/maalparti |
| FR2664970B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-09-25 | Manurhin Defense | Projectile a effet destructif explosant par impact. |
| DE4225704A1 (de) * | 1992-08-04 | 1994-02-10 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Gefechtskopf mit einer Tandemladung |
-
1994
- 1994-04-15 FR FR9404528A patent/FR2718842B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-03 EP EP95400742A patent/EP0677718B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-03 DE DE69506024T patent/DE69506024T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-03 ES ES95400742T patent/ES2124975T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-06 US US08/417,893 patent/US5515786A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-11 IL IL11331795A patent/IL113317A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-11 ZA ZA952971A patent/ZA952971B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL113317A0 (en) | 1995-04-11 |
| ES2124975T3 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
| ZA952971B (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| DE69506024D1 (de) | 1998-12-24 |
| EP0677718A1 (fr) | 1995-10-18 |
| DE69506024T2 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
| US5515786A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
| FR2718842A1 (fr) | 1995-10-20 |
| IL113317A (en) | 1997-11-20 |
| FR2718842B1 (fr) | 1996-06-28 |
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