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EP0665987A1 - Cable coaxial rayonnant et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Cable coaxial rayonnant et son procede de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP0665987A1
EP0665987A1 EP93924976A EP93924976A EP0665987A1 EP 0665987 A1 EP0665987 A1 EP 0665987A1 EP 93924976 A EP93924976 A EP 93924976A EP 93924976 A EP93924976 A EP 93924976A EP 0665987 A1 EP0665987 A1 EP 0665987A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
sheath
radiating cable
sleeve
cable according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93924976A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0665987B1 (fr
EP0665987A4 (fr
Inventor
Roger M. Lique
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trilogy Communications Inc
Original Assignee
Trilogy Communications Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trilogy Communications Inc filed Critical Trilogy Communications Inc
Publication of EP0665987A1 publication Critical patent/EP0665987A1/fr
Publication of EP0665987A4 publication Critical patent/EP0665987A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0665987B1 publication Critical patent/EP0665987B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/929—Particular nature of work or product
    • Y10S83/942—Contact pin of electrical component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/929—Particular nature of work or product
    • Y10S83/947—Particular nature of work or product insulation about wire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49123—Co-axial cable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53126—Means to place sheath on running-length core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/02—Other than completely through work thickness
    • Y10T83/0304—Grooving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coaxial transmission line or cable capable of radiating as well as transmitting high frequency electromagnetic energy.
  • Cables radiating high frequency are beneficially employed as a distributed source or receiver of signals wherever communications in the radio bandwidth are inhibited by structural obstructions.
  • Common installation sites therefore include within or around buildings, garages, tunnels, as well as in areas where communications are otherwise unobstructed but where precisely controlled signal levels must be distributed over a distance without interfering with other nearby signals.
  • a coaxial cable is comprised of an inner conductor, an outer conductor concentrically arranged about the inner conductor, and a dielectric layer interposed between the two conductors.
  • the outer conductor is of sufficient thickness and conductivity to attenuate the normally incident electric field, thereby permitting the transmission of a signal with a minimum of signal ingress or egress.
  • coaxial transmission lines are radiating to some extent.
  • the coaxial cable acts as an antenna and radiates a portion of the transmitted signal over its entire length or over a defined part of the cable.
  • These radiated signals are useful for transmitting radio frequency signals to, for example, a mobile receiver.
  • the signal level found at a point external to and at a specific distance from the radiating cable should be at a predictable ratio with the level maintained within the cable. This ratio is known as the coupling loss and is usually expressed in logarithmic scale (dB) .
  • the line attenuation of the radiating cable will vary depending on the environment of installation and the weather conditions associated therewith. This is particularly true where the cable is affixed directly to the ground or is in contact with other lossy planes.
  • German printed application No. 2,022,990 discloses a high-frequency cable in which the outer conductor is constructed by winding a ribbon or a wire-like material around a continuous, cylindrical dielectric spacer, which in turn concentrically surrounds the central conductor. High frequency energy radiates through the resulting gaps or openings in the outer conductor. A jacket of conventional insulating material is placed over the outer conductor.
  • U.S. Patent 4,129,841 discloses a radiating coaxial cable which in addition to a conventional central conductor, insulating spacer, and outer conductor, further includes a plurality of cylindrical radiating elements which are individually placed and distributed along the extension of the cable but in uniformly spaced apart relation to one another. A thin insulating envelope is provided between the radiating elements and the outer conductor. Although this arrangement allows for uniform distribution of the outer field over the entire extension of the cable, it is heavy, difficult to install, and relatively expensive to manufacture.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,339,733 discloses a radiating cable which includes a center conductor surrounded by a dielectric core and a plurality of radiating sheaths disposed along the length of the dielectric core so as to be coaxial with the central, longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • the provision of additional sheaths reduces moisture ingression due to the fact that the additional layers of radiating sheaths and dielectrics constitute additional barriers to water penetration.
  • the formation and integration of plural sheaths into the cable design requires additional material and manufacturing steps, thus increasing both the weight of the cable and the costs of production.
  • Still another object of the invention is to decrease the problem of moisture ingression in the radiating cable.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a radiating cable which can be made in a simple and economical manner while utilizing conventional cable producing equipment.
  • the dielectric core comprised of the dielectric members and the sleeve, defines a plurality of coaxial dielectric air chambers which surround the center conductor and separate it from the coaxial radiating sheath.
  • the materials used in constructing the dielectric members and sleeve may be a polymer material such as polytetrafluorethylene or polyethylene (foamed or unfoamed) , laminates, or any other material or combination of materials conventionally employed as dielectrics in coaxial cables.
  • the sleeve provides additional protection against moisture ingress, such as in cases where the outer insulating jacket of the cable is damaged. Further, the sleeve alleviates the susceptibility to kinking and crushing of the cable caused by the presence of apertures in the sheath.
  • the dielectric members have a substantially circular cross section and each one preferably defines a central aperture for receiving and supporting the central conductor.
  • the radiating sheath is preferably tubular in shape and is positioned so as to be coaxial with the central longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • the sheath may be constructed of any conventional material used as outer conductors in coaxial cables, preferably metals such as aluminum or copper or metal laminates, having apertures or other means to permit radiation.
  • the sheaths may be in the form of helically or longitudinally wrapped structures such as tapes, ribbon, or wire, or tubular structures.
  • the apertures may be simply holes or gaps in the sheath.
  • the sheath is tubular in form and two longitudinal gaps are formed therein, these being radially spaced from each other by 180° in order to produce a symmetrical arrangement, and thereby provide a more evenly distributed field emission.
  • the sheath be adhesively bonded to the dielectric sleeve using an adhesive bonding agent such as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer cement.
  • an adhesive bonding agent such as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer cement.
  • the insulating jacket may also be adhesively bonded to the sheath, it is preferred that the jacket be directly extruded onto the sheath at a temperature high enough to form a bond with the dielectric sleeve material exposed by the slots, so that no bonding agent is required.
  • the cable is encased in a protective outer jacket comprised of materials which are well known in the art. If desired, strengthening members, drain wires, and inductance elements may be included in the cable.
  • the center conductor is centrally positioned within the dielectric members and bonded thereto.
  • the dielectric members may be molded or extruded directly onto the cable or they may be molded in advance and subsequently positioned thereon.
  • the insulating sleeve is then extruded, taped, wound, or applied in any other known manner over them, thereby defining the coaxial dielectric air chambers.
  • the heat of the extrusion process causes a melt bond therebetween to produce a one-piece dielectric.
  • An adhesive may be used to bond other forms of the sleeve to the dielectric members.
  • An adhesive bonding agent is applied to the surface of the insulating sleeve and the radiating sheath is then drawn, helically wound, longitudinally pulled (cigarette wrapped) , braided, extruded, plated, or applied in any other known manner over the insulating sleeve.
  • the radiating sheath is provided in a substantially solid, tubular form, one or more longitudinal slots are formed therein by removing selected amounts of sheath material.
  • This removal process may be performed by pulling the cable past one or more routers, saw, or other conventional cutting means.
  • the cable is fed between a pair of spaced saws or routers and a pair of circumferentially spaced, longitudinal slots are simultaneously formed during the removal process.
  • a protective outer jacket of insulating material is applied to the sheath by extrusion, taping, or any other conventional process.
  • enough of the outer conductor is removed so that sufficient extruded jacket material at high temperature contacts the surface of the insulating sleeve and forms a durable bond therewith.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially broken away side perspective view illustrating a radiating coaxial cable constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a radiating coaxial cable constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of a production line adapted for use in making the radiating coaxial cable of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of one stage of the production line illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of the production stage illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the coaxial conductor system 10 of the present invention comprises a center conductor 12 surrounded concentrically by a tubular outer conductor 14. As will be discussed more fully below, dielectric insulation is provided between the conductors.
  • the center conductor 12 may be comprised of any electrically conducting material such as copper or aluminum, and may be provided in stranded wire or tubular form. Preferably, however, the center conductor is a copper-clad aluminum wire.
  • Each spacer 16 Concentrically disposed at axial intervals about center conductor 12 are a plurality of spacers 16 formed of a dielectric material. Each spacer 16 has a circular cross section and defines an axial hole therethrough for receiving and supporting center conductor 12. Preferably, the spacers 16 are constructed as discs. However, if desired a cylindrical member or a toroidal member with a disc insert may also be employed. The spacers 16 may be bonded to the central conductor using a conventional adhesive to prevent relative movement therebetween. For this purpose, an adhesive bonding agent such as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer cement may be used.
  • an insulating sleeve 18 is then extruded, taped, wound, or applied in any other known manner over them in sealing and bonded engagement therewith, thereby defining a plurality of coaxial dielectric air chambers 20 and an integral dielectric assembly.
  • Sleeve 18 is preferably formed from the same material as that used in the spacers and forms a supporting surface for the radiating outer conductor 14.
  • the materials used in constructing the spacers 16 and sleeve 18 may be a polymer material such as polytetrafluorethylene or polyethylene (foamed or unfoamed) , laminates, or any other material or combination of materials conventionally employed as dielectrics in coaxial cables.
  • fire retardant materials may be employed alone or in combination with other dielectric materials.
  • they be formed of unfoamed polyethylene.
  • the sleeve provides additional protection against moisture ingress, such as in cases where the outer insulating jacket of the cable is damaged.
  • an adhesive bonding agent is applied thereto and a radiating outer conductor 14 is then drawn, helically wound, longitudinally pulled (cigarette wrapped) , braided, extruded, plated, or applied in any other known manner thereover.
  • Outer conductor 14 is positioned in concentric relation over insulating sleeve 18 and may be formed in a variety of ways.
  • outer conductor 14 may be constructed as metal ribbon or wire helically wrapped around sleeve 18, thereby forming radiating gaps between adjacent coils.
  • the outer conductor 14 may be formed as a unitary, solid tube drawn longitudinally over sleeve 18.
  • the outer conductor 14 begins as a strip which is formed and welded into a tubular configuration which is then drawn over the sleeve in a continuous process.
  • tubular outer conductor 14 of the preferred embodiment may be constructed of any metal or metal alloy which exhibits suitable conducting properties, aluminum is preferred for its ductility and other metal working properties.
  • one or more longitudinal slots 24 are formed in the outer conductor 14. As best shown in FIG. 2 , slots 24 are preferably evenly spaced about the circumference of the cable 10. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, two slots spaced at 180° are provided. However, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that additional slots may be employed and that the spacing of the slots need not be uniform.
  • the slots 24 may be formed in the cable of the preferred embodiment by any conventional process. Preferably, high accuracy complementary cutting means cut through the tubular conductor 14 to expose but not cut into the insulating sleeve 18.
  • the cutting means be precisely controlled so that all metal, including splinters, is removed down to the sleeve while the sleeve itself remains intact. It has been found that removing between 10 and 35% of the aluminum used in constructing the slots provides tolerable attenuation and coupling. The best results have been obtained with approximately 20% of the aluminum removed.
  • a suitable outer jacket 38 is extruded over the outer sheath 14, thereby filling the radiating slots 24.
  • the heat of the extruded jacket material causes the compound within radiating slots 24 to bond to the dielectric sleeve 18.
  • This bonding resists any significant changes in slot width and minimizes the risk of kinking.
  • the bonding of jacket 38 and aluminum sheath 14 to the dielectric sleeve 18 produces a one-piece design which is strong and flexible. This design also provides maximum protection against moisture ingress because even if the jacket 38 is damaged, the air dielectric chambers 20 remain enclosed by sleeve 18.
  • a coaxial radiating cable and a coaxial non-radiating cable were prepared as follows:
  • Cable A was manufactured by bonding discs of non- foamed polyethylene to a 0.188 in. diameter copper
  • Cable B was manufactured as a control. This non- radiating coaxial cable was prepared in the same manner as Cable A except that no longitudinal slots were formed in the outer conductor.
  • the center conductor 12 is centrally positioned within the spacers 16.
  • the spacers may be molded or extruded directly onto center conductor 12 or they may be molded in advance and subsequently positioned thereon.
  • the insulating sleeve 18 is then extruded over them such that the heat of the extrusion process produces a heat bond therebetween.
  • An adhesive bonding agent is applied to the surface of the insulating sleeve 18 and a tubular outer conductor 14, preferably made of aluminum, is formed, welded, and drawn over the insulating sleeve 18.
  • a tubular outer conductor 14 preferably made of aluminum
  • one or more longitudinal slots 24 are formed in outer conductor 14 by removing selected amounts of conductor material.
  • two circumferentially spaced, longitudinal slots 24 are preferably simultaneously formed by continuously pulling the cable between two precisely positioned, rotary cutting means 26 such as rotating saws or routers 30.
  • the cutting means preferably includes adjustment means 32 for precisely controlling the position of the cutting blades 34, thus ensuring that only the conductor material is removed and protecting insulating sleeve 18 underneath.
  • the cable may be held stationary and the cutting means may be adapted to move therealong.
  • the removal step removes between 10 and 35% of the aluminum therefrom.
  • any waste material is removed therefrom by suction means 36 and a protective outer jacket 38 of insulating material is applied to conductor 14.
  • the outer jacket 38 may be applied using any conventional process, it is preferably applied by an extruding means 40 immediately after the slot forming step. It is therefore preferred that the slot and jacket forming steps be performed in a continuous process on the same production line so that the cable passes between the cutting means and is then fed through a means for extruding the jacket.
  • the adhesive may be applied by extrusion via an extruding means 42 after the slots have been formed.
  • the outer conductor is removed during the formation of the slots that sufficient extruded jacket material at high temperature contacts the surface of the insulating sleeve and forms a durable bond therewith. It has been found that for most applications, a slot width of at least .100" will provide sufficient contact area to permit bonding. However, the actual slot dimensions will depend upon the thermal characteristics and viscosity of the jacket material actually used.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Un câble rayonnant (10) comprend une âme contenant un conducteur central (12) fixé de manière centrée à des disques (16) d'un matériau diélectrique qui le supportent. Une enveloppe (18) composée d'un matériau diélectrique est extrudée au-dessus des disques et y est ainsi fixée pour former une multiplicité de chambres (18) diélectriques coaxiales et hermétiquement fermées. Un conducteur externe tubulaire (14) est fixé de manière concentrique par rapport à l'enveloppe (18). Selon un procédé continu, au moins une fente (24) est pratiquée dans le conducteur externe (14) par une opération de coupe, et une gaine externe (38) est extrudée au-dessus du conducteur externe (14). Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le conducteur externe (14) est composé d'un tube d'aluminum, et deux fentes (24) espacées également sur la circonférence y sont formées par enlèvement de 10 à 35 % du matériau d'aluminium. Les fentes obtenues (24) peuvent être configurées en largeur de façon qu'un joint soit formé dans la fente entre l'enveloppe isolante (18) et la gaine externe (38), ce qui évite d'utiliser un adhésif pour fixer la gaine externe (38) au câble (10).
EP19930924976 1992-10-22 1993-10-21 Cable coaxial rayonnant et son procede de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0665987B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/965,148 US5339058A (en) 1992-10-22 1992-10-22 Radiating coaxial cable
PCT/US1993/010080 WO1994009530A1 (fr) 1992-10-22 1993-10-21 Cable coaxial rayonnant et son procede de fabrication
US965148 1997-11-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0665987A1 true EP0665987A1 (fr) 1995-08-09
EP0665987A4 EP0665987A4 (fr) 1996-04-17
EP0665987B1 EP0665987B1 (fr) 2002-05-08

Family

ID=25509523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930924976 Expired - Lifetime EP0665987B1 (fr) 1992-10-22 1993-10-21 Cable coaxial rayonnant et son procede de fabrication

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US5339058A (fr)
EP (1) EP0665987B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08502634A (fr)
AT (1) ATE217454T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69331909T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994009530A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5543000A (en) 1996-08-06
JPH08502634A (ja) 1996-03-19
US5339058A (en) 1994-08-16
DE69331909D1 (de) 2002-06-13
ATE217454T1 (de) 2002-05-15
EP0665987B1 (fr) 2002-05-08
DE69331909T2 (de) 2002-12-12
WO1994009530A1 (fr) 1994-04-28
EP0665987A4 (fr) 1996-04-17

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