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EP0662914B1 - Vessel for containing liquid - Google Patents

Vessel for containing liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0662914B1
EP0662914B1 EP93922073A EP93922073A EP0662914B1 EP 0662914 B1 EP0662914 B1 EP 0662914B1 EP 93922073 A EP93922073 A EP 93922073A EP 93922073 A EP93922073 A EP 93922073A EP 0662914 B1 EP0662914 B1 EP 0662914B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
air intake
container
liquid
containing liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93922073A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0662914A1 (en
Inventor
Chang Rock Jeong
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR92019237U external-priority patent/KR950000627Y1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP98104586A priority Critical patent/EP0860369A1/en
Publication of EP0662914A1 publication Critical patent/EP0662914A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0662914B1 publication Critical patent/EP0662914B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/12—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums
    • B65D1/20—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by location or arrangement of filling or discharge apertures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
    • B65D23/10—Handles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/38—Devices for discharging contents
    • B65D25/40—Nozzles or spouts
    • B65D25/42—Integral or attached nozzles or spouts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/28—Caps combined with stoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/0009—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures designed for pouring contents
    • B65D2501/0063—Additional discharging means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vessel for containing liquid such as water, oil or detergents in liquid form, and more particularly, to an improved liquid-containing vessel, such that the liquid can be smoothly discharged without generating internal low pressure and the resulting, loud gurgling sound.
  • liquid such as water, oil or detergents in liquid form
  • a liquid discharging portion 12 is formed on the upper portion of a container 11 in which liquid is contained, and a gripping portion 13 is formed in one side of container 11.
  • a vessel for containing liquid has a structure in which a cover 24 can be separated from a container 21 having a handle grip 23, and has been widely used.
  • FIG.3 On its top portion, the vessel has an air intake portion 35 which is separated from a liquid discharge portion 32 having a spout cap 37.
  • the vessel for containing liquid having such a structure has usually an intake cap 36 for preventing foreign matter from entering the vessel and to prevent spillage during the vessel's transport.
  • Such a vessel for containing liquid can prevent the liquid from making the loud gurgling sound when poured.
  • air intake portion 35 for air intake is separated from with liquid discharge portion 32, the user is inconvenienced In that intake cap 36 and spout cap 37 should both be opened whenever the liquid is to be discharged.
  • a prior art container of a similar kind is known from document DE-C-363791. With t his container, the liquid discharge portion is placed within the air intake portion.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved vessel for containing liquid in which an air intake portion and a liquid discharge portion are integrally formed, thereby enabling liquid to be smoothly discharged without generating internal low pressure and the resulting, loud gurgling sound when the liquid is discharged without separate air inlet means.
  • a vessel for containing liquid comprising:
  • a vessel for containing liquid comprises a container 41 for containing liquid (40), a gripping portion 42 which is separated from one side of container 41 and extended upward, having an air intake portion 43 on the top of the gripping portion, wherein air flowing via air intake portion 43 passes through gripping portion 42 and communicates with container 41, and a neck portion 44 which is separated from the other side of container 41 and extended air intake portion 43.
  • gripping portion 42 is designed to have a structure in which external air flowing through a space between air intake portion 43 and liquid discharge portion 45 can pass through gripping portion 42 to thereby enter container 41.
  • a cap 46 having a hinge structure is provided so as to be capable of simultaneously covering air intake portion 43 and liquid discharge portion 45.
  • FIG.6 shows a discharging state in connection with the vessel for containing liquid of the above-described first embodiment (FIG.4).
  • FIG.7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a gripping portion 72 is extended upward from the upper surface of one side of a container 71, and bent so as to be substantially parallel to the upper surface of container 71.
  • a neck portion 74 is extended upward from the upper surface of the other side of container 71, and is shorter than that of neck portion 44 of the first embodiment (FIG.4).
  • Liquid discharge portion 75 for discharging liquid 70 which is located on the top of neck portion 74, passes through the lower surface of air intake portion 73 and protrudes outwardly.
  • cap 76 is provided so as to simultaneously cover air intake portion 73 and liquid discharge portion 75.
  • FIG.8 is a cross-sectional view showing a vessel for containing liquid according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG.9 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the vessel of FIG.8.
  • the top portion of neck portion 84 communicates with the lower surface of air intake portion 83 which is located on the top portion of gripping portion 82.
  • a separate liquid discharge portion 85 is designed to be attachably and detachably fixed to the top portion of neck portion 84.
  • liquid discharge portion 85 for discharging liquid 80 of container 81 has a size corresponding to that of the top of air intake portion 83.
  • liquid discharge portion 85 has a flange 87 which is connected with the top portion of air intake portion 83, on the upper end of liquid discharge portion 85.
  • flange 87 has at least one air intake opening 88 on its top surface, so that external air may enter the vessel.
  • liquid discharge portion 85 is made of an elastic material such as rubber, so that liquid discharge portion 85 can be easily attached to and detached from neck portion 84.
  • cap 86 is provided so as to cover air intake portion 83 and/or flange 87.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

Abstract

A vessel for containing liquid comprises a container (41) for containing liquid (40), a gripping portion (42) which is separated from one side of the container and extended upward, having an air intake portion (43) on the top of the gripping portion, wherein air flowing via the air intake portion passes through the gripping portion and communicates with the container, and a neck portion (44) which is separated from the other side of the container and extended upward, having a liquid discharge portion (45) at the top of the neck portion for discharging liquid from the container, wherein the neck portion extends through the bottom of the air intake portion in the gripping portion and protrudes into the air intake portion. A cap (46) having a hinge structure is provided so as to be capable of simultaneously covering the air intake portion and the liquid discharge portion.

Description

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a vessel for containing liquid such as water, oil or detergents in liquid form, and more particularly, to an improved liquid-containing vessel, such that the liquid can be smoothly discharged without generating internal low pressure and the resulting, loud gurgling sound.
Background Art
As shown in FIG. 1 in a conventional vessel for liquid, a liquid discharging portion 12 is formed on the upper portion of a container 11 in which liquid is contained, and a gripping portion 13 is formed in one side of container 11. As shown in FIG.2 as another example, a vessel for containing liquid has a structure in which a cover 24 can be separated from a container 21 having a handle grip 23, and has been widely used.
However, in such a conventional vessel for containing liquid and having the above structures as shown in FIGs. 1 and 2, when liquid 10 (or 20) in container 11 (or 21) is discharged from the vessel, external air must enter the container via liquid discharge portion 12 (or 22) to equalize the pressure difference created. Concurrent with this air intake, the liquid in container 11 (or 21) is being discharged from the vessel. Accordingly, when large amounts of liquid are poured from the vessel, the air intake into container 11 (or 21) is insufficient or becomes blocked altogether. Accordingly, a pressure difference is generated between the interior and exterior of the vessel. Due to this pressure difference, when the liquid is poured, an alternating action ensues, i.e., gushing of the liquid and air intake, such that the liquid flows sporadically and makes a loud gurgling sound.
To overcome the above problem, a vessel for containing liquid has been developed as shown in FIG.3. In FIG.3, on its top portion, the vessel has an air intake portion 35 which is separated from a liquid discharge portion 32 having a spout cap 37. The vessel for containing liquid having such a structure has usually an intake cap 36 for preventing foreign matter from entering the vessel and to prevent spillage during the vessel's transport.
Such a vessel for containing liquid can prevent the liquid from making the loud gurgling sound when poured. However, since air intake portion 35 for air intake is separated from with liquid discharge portion 32, the user is inconvenienced In that intake cap 36 and spout cap 37 should both be opened whenever the liquid is to be discharged.
A prior art container of a similar kind is known from document DE-C-363791. With this container, the liquid discharge portion is placed within the air intake portion.
Disclosure of the Invention
Therefore, to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved vessel for containing liquid in which an air intake portion and a liquid discharge portion are integrally formed, thereby enabling liquid to be smoothly discharged without generating internal low pressure and the resulting, loud gurgling sound when the liquid is discharged without separate air inlet means.
To accomplish the above object of the present invention, according to the present invention, there is provided a vessel for containing liquid comprising:
  • a container for containing liquid;
  • a gripping portion which is separated from one side of the container and extended upward, having an air intake portion on the top of the gripping portion, wherein air flowing via the air intake portion passes through the gripping portion and communicates with the container; and
  • a neck portion which is separated from the other side of the container and extended upward, having a liquid discharge portion for discharging liquid from the container on the top of the neck portion, wherein the neck portion passes through the bottom of the air intake portion formed in the upper portion of the gripping portion and protrudes into the air intake portion.
    • Brief Description of the Drawings
    The above object and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG.1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional vessel for containing liquid:
  • FIG.2 is a cross-sectional view of another conventional vessel for containing liquid;
  • FIG.3 is a cross-sectional view of still another conventional vessel for containing liquid having an air intake opening separated from a liquid discharge portion;
  • FIG.4 is a cross-sectional view showing a vessel for containing liquid according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG.5 is a perspective view of the vessel for containing liquid of FIG.4;
  • FIG.6 shows a discharging state in the vessel for containing liquid of FIG.4;
  • FIG.7 is a cross-sectional view showing a vessel for containing liquid according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG.8 is a cross-sectional view showing a vessel for containing liquid according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG.9 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the vessel of FIG.8;
    • Best Mode for Carrying out the Preferred Embodiments
    According to a first embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIGs.4 and 5, a vessel for containing liquid comprises a container 41 for containing liquid (40), a gripping portion 42 which is separated from one side of container 41 and extended upward, having an air intake portion 43 on the top of the gripping portion, wherein air flowing via air intake portion 43 passes through gripping portion 42 and communicates with container 41, and a neck portion 44 which is separated from the other side of container 41 and extended air intake portion 43. Also, gripping portion 42 is designed to have a structure in which external air flowing through a space between air intake portion 43 and liquid discharge portion 45 can pass through gripping portion 42 to thereby enter container 41.
    As shown in FIGs.4 and 5, as an example of a means for preventing foreign matter from entering the vessel and to prevent spillage during the vessel's transport, a cap 46 having a hinge structure is provided so as to be capable of simultaneously covering air intake portion 43 and liquid discharge portion 45.
    FIG.6 shows a discharging state in connection with the vessel for containing liquid of the above-described first embodiment (FIG.4).
    As shown in FIG.6. if the vessel is tilted after opening cap 46 which is located on the upper end of the vessel, the liquid 40 in container 41 is discharged via liquid discharge portion 45, as indicated by arrow "A," and external air flows into the vessel via gripping portion 42 from air intake portion 43, as indicated by arrow "B." Here, since the intake of the external air into the vessel is not interrupted by the liquid being discharged, the internal pressure of the vessel maintains the same level as the surrounding atmosphere. Accordingly, liquid can be smoothly poured from the vessel. Also, since liquid discharge portion 45 and air intake portion 43 are in the same position, when the liquid is to be discharged, the opening of a single cap (cap 46 only) is sufficient. Accordingly, contrary to the conventional vessel for containing liquid of FIG.3, a separate air intake opening 35 and intake cap 36 are not needed.
    FIG.7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG.7, a gripping portion 72 is extended upward from the upper surface of one side of a container 71, and bent so as to be substantially parallel to the upper surface of container 71. A neck portion 74 is extended upward from the upper surface of the other side of container 71, and is shorter than that of neck portion 44 of the first embodiment (FIG.4). Liquid discharge portion 75 for discharging liquid 70, which is located on the top of neck portion 74, passes through the lower surface of air intake portion 73 and protrudes outwardly. Here, cap 76 is provided so as to simultaneously cover air intake portion 73 and liquid discharge portion 75.
    FIG.8 is a cross-sectional view showing a vessel for containing liquid according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG.9 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the vessel of FIG.8.
    Differently from FIG.4, the top portion of neck portion 84 communicates with the lower surface of air intake portion 83 which is located on the top portion of gripping portion 82. Here, a separate liquid discharge portion 85 is designed to be attachably and detachably fixed to the top portion of neck portion 84. Such a structure alleviates the considerable difficulties of the manufacturing of the first and second embodiments in which the neck portion and the liquid discharge portion are integrally formed and the liquid discharge portion passes through the bottom of the air intake portion, respectively.
    Also, liquid discharge portion 85 for discharging liquid 80 of container 81 has a size corresponding to that of the top of air intake portion 83. Also, liquid discharge portion 85 has a flange 87 which is connected with the top portion of air intake portion 83, on the upper end of liquid discharge portion 85. In this case, flange 87 has at least one air intake opening 88 on its top surface, so that external air may enter the vessel.
    In this embodiment, it is preferred that the lower portion of liquid discharge portion 85 is made of an elastic material such as rubber, so that liquid discharge portion 85 can be easily attached to and detached from neck portion 84. Here, cap 86 is provided so as to cover air intake portion 83 and/or flange 87.

    Claims (6)

    1. A vessel for containing liquid comprising:
      a container (41,71,81) for containing liquid;
      a gripping portion (42,72,82) which is separated from one side of said container and extended upward, having an air intake portion (43,73,83) on the top of said gripping portion, wherein air flowing via said air intake portion passes through said gripping portion and communicates with said container; and
      a neck portion (44,74,84) which is separated from the other side of said container and extended upward, having a liquid discharge portion (45,75,85) for discharging liquid from said container on the top of said neck portion, wherein said neck portion passes through the bottom of said air intake portion in said gripping portion and protrudes into said air intake portion.
    2. The vessel for containing liquid according to claim 1, wherein said liquid discharge portion (85) is formed separately with respect to said neck portion (84) so as to be attachably and detachably fitted to the top portion of said neck portion (84).
    3. The vessel for containing liquid according to claim 2, wherein said liquid discharge portion (85) comprises a flange (87) which is located on the top portion of said liquid discharge portion and connected with the top portion of said air intake portion (83), said flange (87) comprising at least one air intake opening (88) through which external air enter the vessel.
    4. The vessel for containing liquid according to claim 1, further comprising a cap (46,76,86) for simultaneously covering said air intake portion and said liquid discharge portion.
    5. The vessel for containing liquid according to claim 2, further comprising a cap (46,76,86) for simultaneously covering said air intake portion and said liquid discharge portion.
    6. The vessel for containing liquid according to claim 3, further comprising a cap (46,76,86) for simultaneously covering said air intake portion and said liquid discharge
    EP93922073A 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid Expired - Lifetime EP0662914B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98104586A EP0860369A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid

    Applications Claiming Priority (7)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    KR9219237U 1992-10-07
    KR92019237U KR950000627Y1 (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Liquid storage container
    KR930010983 1993-06-21
    KR9310983U 1993-06-21
    KR930011187 1993-06-23
    KR9311187U 1993-06-23
    PCT/KR1993/000089 WO1994007756A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid

    Related Child Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98104586A Division EP0860369A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0662914A1 EP0662914A1 (en) 1995-07-19
    EP0662914B1 true EP0662914B1 (en) 1999-01-13

    Family

    ID=27348863

    Family Applications (2)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98104586A Withdrawn EP0860369A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid
    EP93922073A Expired - Lifetime EP0662914B1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid

    Family Applications Before (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98104586A Withdrawn EP0860369A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1993-10-06 Vessel for containing liquid

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    EP (2) EP0860369A1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3330943B2 (en)
    AU (1) AU5119293A (en)
    CA (1) CA2146247C (en)
    DE (1) DE69323088T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2128437T3 (en)
    WO (1) WO1994007756A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE60003016T2 (en) 1999-03-24 2004-04-01 Torben Flanbaum A SPOUT WITH WHICH YOU CAN AT THE SAME TIME POUR A LIQUID FROM A CONTAINER AND MIX AIR INTO THE LIQUID
    ES2200662B1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2005-06-01 Eduardo Asensio Garuti PROVISION FOR AERATION OF TABLE DRINKS.
    ES2643749T3 (en) * 2012-12-13 2017-11-24 Unilever N.V. Consumer packaging containing a tissue treatment fluid

    Family Cites Families (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE363791C (en) * 1922-11-13 Friedrich Emil Krauss Vessel that can be tilted on one side
    AT4364B (en) * 1900-01-02 1901-06-10 Cleopha Morin
    DE903428C (en) * 1950-01-20 1954-02-04 Ars Alpina Handelsanstalt Bottle pouring device
    AT317019B (en) * 1971-10-18 1974-08-12 Schiemann Dr Wolfram Device for venting canisters
    CA1177445A (en) * 1981-03-16 1984-11-06 George W. Macfarlane Liquid storage container and dispenser
    US4523699A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-06-18 Gott Corporation Combination ice screen and air vent for liquid container
    US5111979A (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-05-12 Ali Athar Fluid dispensing container

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0860369A1 (en) 1998-08-26
    DE69323088T2 (en) 1999-09-02
    EP0662914A1 (en) 1995-07-19
    JPH08502010A (en) 1996-03-05
    JP3330943B2 (en) 2002-10-07
    DE69323088D1 (en) 1999-02-25
    AU5119293A (en) 1994-04-26
    WO1994007756A1 (en) 1994-04-14
    CA2146247A1 (en) 1994-04-14
    ES2128437T3 (en) 1999-05-16
    CA2146247C (en) 1999-11-23

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