Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
  • A41D13/015—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with shock-absorbing means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
  • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
  • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
  • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2361—Coating or impregnation improves stiffness of the fabric other than specified as a size
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
  • Y10T442/2623—Ballistic resistant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2869—Coated or impregnated regenerated cellulose fiber fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2893—Coated or impregnated polyamide fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2902—Aromatic polyamide fiber fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/291—Coated or impregnated polyolefin fiber fabric

Definitions

• the invention relates to a material for body protection, especially for antiballistic body protection, in the form of single- or multi-layer packages or laminates.
• the so-called trauma package is particularly important for body protection. If a projectile hits a piece of protective clothing worn on the body, this is braked by the layers of the antiballistic package, so that it cannot penetrate into the body and cause injuries to the wearer of the protective clothing. However, the impact of the projectile creates a kind of shock effect and possibly trauma. This effect is supposed to be dampened and thus reduced by the trauma package, which is arranged next to the body in the antiballistic package.
• GB-A 2 234 156 provides for this a layer of deformable plastic which is attached to a fabric made of an antiballistically effective material.
• US Pat. No. 4,774,724 proposes a trauma package which is introduced into a fabric covering made of aliphatic polyamide fibers and consists of a layer of a fabric made of antiballistically active fibers, a layer made of flexible, semi-rigid polycarbonate and several layers of easily compressible foam.
• Rubberized and compressed layers of fabrics made of antiballistically active fibers are also used as trauma packages.
• the task was to develop materials for protective clothing with unchanged or less weight, with greater flexibility and with improved anti-trauma effectiveness.
• substances which confer dilatancy are to be understood as all those substances which, in the event of a sudden mechanical action, have a solidification or volume change in the manner described above.
• dilatant systems are mixtures of quartz sand with water. Water is often used to form the liquid phase, but other liquids with a dipole character can also be used for this. As will be shown in the comparative example, such systems are not very suitable for body protection.
• Polymers suitable for dilatant systems are styrene or its derivatives. Copolymers of styrene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or their esters are particularly suitable. In addition, other copolymers of styrene, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid compounds are also suitable for this area of application. Other products for this are polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride as well as the respective copolymers.
• the polymers imparting the dilatancy are preferably applied in the form of dispersions to the fabrics to be processed for body protection clothing.
• These dispersions which are available as commercial products, often contain, in addition to the polymer and water, additional products, for example alkyl esters of phthalic acid.
• the fabrics intended for body protection which contain a product imparting dilatancy, are preferably textile fabrics with a good absorption capacity for polymer dispersions.
• Nonwovens are particularly suitable for this. Spunbonded nonwovens or nonwovens produced from spun or short fibers can equally be used.
• Nonwovens made from polyester or polyamide fibers are well suited, but nonwovens made from other synthetic fibers as well as from native or regenerated cellulose fibers can also be used.
• the aramid fiber often referred to as aromatic polyamide fiber, which is very often used in antiballistic body protection, can also be used as the fiber material for the production of the nonwovens.
• Another fiber with good antiballistic effectiveness, which can be used for the production of such a nonwoven is the polyethylene fiber produced by the gel spinning process.
• nonwovens which are preferably used as carrier materials for the dilatancy-imparting product for the production of the materials according to the invention
• other textile fabrics such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, laid scrims, sewing agent textiles and others as a carrier for the dilatancy can also be used. It is important that there is good absorption capacity for the dispersion containing the dilatance-imparting product.
• non-textile fabrics such as foams are also suitable as such carrier materials. The best results in terms of antiballistic effectiveness were with Nonwovens achieved as a carrier of the substance exhibiting dilatancy. These also prove to be particularly suitable for protective clothing because of the normally low initial weight.
• the surface structure provided for the absorption of the dilatancy is soaked in the dispersion and lightly squeezed off. Since a high amount of the product imparting dilatancy is required on the carrier material, high bath concentrations must be used. For example, an immersion bath for equipping the carrier material with approximately equal parts of water and commercially available dispersion of the product imparting dilatancy is used. Depending on the desired effect, the type of application and the solids content of the dispersion of the dilatant product, the ratio of water to the dispersion of the dilatant product in the treatment bath can, for example, also vary between 3: 7 and 7: 3.
• the figures given here, like the percentages mentioned below, are only to be understood as examples and not restrictive.
• So-called padding processes which can be carried out continuously, for example on a foulard, are particularly well suited for the application of the dilatancy-imparting product to the carrier material. These processes are generally known in textile finishing.
• a special variant are padding processes, in which the treatment bath is not in a chassis, but in a gusset formed by the squeeze rollers.
• Another method of application is by splashing processes, which are also well known in textile finishing.
• foam application can also be carried out. This method is also well known in textile finishing.
• the dilatancy-imparting product After the dilatancy-imparting product has been applied to the carrier material, it is squeezed off, for example with the aid of a pair of rollers, as is present on a foulard.
• the degree of squeezing after the wet treatment is adjusted, for example, so that the finished carrier material still contains approximately 30-70% of the applied dispersion after the squeezing. With a bath concentration of 50% dispersion, the weight gain of the treated carrier material after squeezing must be approximately 60-140%, based on the dry carrier material.
• the product imparting dilatancy can already be applied to the fiber during the production process of the fiber, for example together with the preparation.
• the fabrics provided with a dilatancy can be used wet or dry in protective clothing. Dry use is preferred. For this it is necessary to dry the finished fabric after the wet treatment. This drying should be gentle, this means at relatively low Temperatures.
• the drying temperature depends on the type of polymer used. For example, the drying temperature of polystyrene or its copolymers must not exceed 80 ° C.
• wet use is also possible.
• the same concentrations of the dispersion containing the dilatant product are used here as for dry use.
• the fabric provided with a dilatancy-imparting product must be welded into a water-vapor-tight envelope, for example a film made of polyethylene.
• the fabric provided with a dilatancy is inserted as a layer in the antiballistic package.
• the fabrics equipped with a dilatancy can be used in a variety of ways in body protection.
• a preferred application is the use of these materials according to the invention in antiballistic protective clothing, particularly preferably as a trauma layer in antiballistic protective clothing.
• Such antiballistic protective clothing is worn, for example, in the form of vests, often referred to as bulletproof vests.
• the actual protective layer forms the so-called antiballistic package, which often consists of a large number of layers of fabrics made of aramid fibers, which are sewn, stitched, glued or pressed together. Packages with 28 such layers are common in bulletproof vests, for example.
• the layers quilted or sewn together are usually referred to as packages; in the case of pressed or glued layers, laminates are often spoken of.
• package can also be understood as an umbrella term for all types of consolidation.
• a fabric equipped with a dilatance-imparting product can be introduced into the antiballistic package, whereby this fabric can form, for example, one of a total of 28 layers of such a package or an additional layer.
• the remaining layers consist, for example, of fabrics made from aromatic polyamide fibers with a weight per unit area of approx. 200 g / m2.
• the invention is not restricted to the use of only one layer of a flat structure which contains a product imparting dilatancy.
• several layers of the antiballistic package can also consist of these flat structures. The number of the usual fabric layers can possibly be reduced when using several layers of flat structures which contain a product imparting dilatancy.
• the fabric which contains a product imparting dilatancy is particularly preferably arranged in the trauma package, that is to say in the layers of the antiballistic package which are adjacent to the body.
• this fabric acts as a kind of shock absorber.
• the trauma effect which occurs when a projectile strikes can be significantly reduced by the arrangement close to the body of a fabric provided with a dilatancy.
• Good antiballistic effectiveness and a reduction in the trauma effect will but also observed when the fabric which contains a dilatance-imparting product is arranged in a position of the antiballistic package which is remote from the body.
• a particularly good antiballistic and anti-trauma effect is achieved if at least one flat structure with a product imparting dilatancy is arranged in the trauma package and in a position remote from the body.
• a special trauma situation is particularly common for protective clothing in the form of bullet-resistant vests.
• a special trauma situation can be formed with a helmet with the aid of a fabric that contains a product that confers dilatancy.
• this support layer is a fabric made of aramid fibers, as is also used in the antiballistic package itself.
• other fabrics made of high-strength fibers especially fibers with antiballistic activity, can be used as a support layer.
• fabrics made from high-strength polyethylene fibers spun using the gel spinning process are particularly suitable. But also fabrics from other fibers like carbon fibers, Polyester fibers or polyamide fibers can be used as a support layer.
• other textile fabrics can also be used as a support layer.
• the flat structure which acts as a support layer for example a woven fabric made of aramid fibers, is usually not equipped with a product which confers dilatancy. But it is also possible to equip the flat structure of the support layer with such a product.
• the material according to the invention is particularly suitable for bullet and splinter-resistant vests and for corresponding protective suits. However, it can also be used in the same way for antiballistically effective helmets.
• Another possible use is the use of the material according to the invention for impact protection clothing, as is sometimes used in athletes, but also as work safety clothing.
• the phenomenon of dilatancy comes into play in a similar way to that of antiballistic protective clothing.
• the material according to the invention achieves a clear protective effect in body protection clothing. This applies in particular to antiballistic protective clothing, in which, in addition to a significantly increased protective effect, no impairment of wearing comfort is observed.
• the material according to the invention has proven to be suitable as a shock absorber in the antiballistic package, that is to say to reduce the trauma effect.
• the molded body inserted into a film from the mixture mentioned was bombarded with 9 mm para-ammunition. This package was shot through completely at a shooting speed of 200 m / sec.
• a normal antiballistic package consisting of, for example, 28 layers of an aramid fabric with a surface weight of approx. 200 g / m2
• the penetration only occurs above 460 m / sec. If, in this package of 28 layers, one layer according to the invention is replaced by a polyester fleece equipped with a dilatance-imparting product, so that in the antiballistic package there are 27 layers of aramid fabric and one layer of a polyester fleece equipped with a dilatance-imparting product, then only at 510 m / sec a bullet observed.
• the basis weight of the fleece was 102 g / m2.
• This fleece was equipped on a laboratory foulard.
• the batch in the chassis of the foulard contained 50% of a commercial dispersion of a copolymer based on styrene and ethyl acrylate with the addition of diallyl phthalate.
• the solids content of the dispersion was approximately 68%, so that a solids content of approximately 34% resulted in the bath batch.
• the degree of squeezing was set to 120%, that is to say that the total weight of the fleece after the squeezing was composed of 1 part of the fleece weight and 1.2 parts of water plus solid from the dispersion. It was then dried on a laboratory dryer at 80 ° C. After drying, the weight per unit area was 143 g / m2.
• the nonwoven fabric finished according to embodiment 1 was incorporated into a bulletproof vest consisting of 28 layers of an aramid fabric with a basis weight of 198 g / m 2, the nonwoven fabric forming the 29th and 30th layers facing the body.
• another layer of a non-finished aramid fabric with a basis weight of 198 g / m2 was arranged as the 31st layer behind the two nonwoven layers as a so-called support layer. This resulted in the following package structure from the outside in: 28 layers of aramid fabric, 2 layers of non-woven fabric equipped with a dilatancy-imparting product and 1 layer of an aramid fabric as a support layer.
• the trauma effect is checked by determining the depth of penetration into a plastillin layer.
• the plastillin layer is behind the antiballistic package arranged.
• the depth of penetration in plastillin is often referred to as trauma depth.
• the trauma depths approved by the authorities vary, depending on the country, between 20 and 44 mm penetration depth in plastillin at a bombardment speed of, for example, 420 m / sec.
• the experiment described here not only shows a significant reduction in the trauma effect through the use of the material according to the invention, but it also shows that only with the use of the material according to the invention in the trauma position of an antiballistic package can the sometimes very strict requirements with regard to the trauma depth be met .
• This example shows the positive impact of the support layer in an antiballistic package.
• a package of 28 layers of an aramid fabric with a basis weight of 202 g / m2 was subjected to a bombardment test at a bombardment speed of 420 m / sec.
• the penetration depth in plastillin was 37 mm.
• a layer of unfinished aramid fabric was additionally arranged behind the fleece layers as a so-called support layer, so that the package now showed the following structure from the outside in: 28 layers of aramid fabric, 6 layers of polyester fleece equipped with a dilatance-imparting product, 1 layer of aramid fabric as a support layer.
• the penetration depth was only 6 mm.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
• Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Ceramic Products (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Citations (7)

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• 1994
  • 1994-11-14 NO NO944338A patent/NO944338L/no unknown
  • 1994-11-14 IL IL111632A patent/IL111632A/xx active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-11-15 ZA ZA949070A patent/ZA949070B/xx unknown
  • 1994-11-16 JP JP6282282A patent/JPH07190694A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-11-18 AT AT94118182T patent/ATE164669T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-11-18 EP EP94118182A patent/EP0655600B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-11-18 DE DE59405576T patent/DE59405576D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-11-23 CA CA002136523A patent/CA2136523A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-11-23 SK SK1422-94A patent/SK142294A3/sk unknown
  • 1994-11-24 PL PL94305969A patent/PL305969A1/xx unknown
  • 1994-11-24 AU AU79028/94A patent/AU674795B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-11-24 CZ CZ942899A patent/CZ289994A3/cs unknown
  • 1994-11-24 CN CN94120124A patent/CN1071017C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-11-25 FI FI945554A patent/FI945554L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1997
  • 1997-02-03 US US08/794,540 patent/US5854143A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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