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EP0641301A1 - Stilbene derivatives as anticancer agents - Google Patents

Stilbene derivatives as anticancer agents

Info

Publication number
EP0641301A1
EP0641301A1 EP93914032A EP93914032A EP0641301A1 EP 0641301 A1 EP0641301 A1 EP 0641301A1 EP 93914032 A EP93914032 A EP 93914032A EP 93914032 A EP93914032 A EP 93914032A EP 0641301 A1 EP0641301 A1 EP 0641301A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
lower alkoxy
alkoxy
lower alkyl
pharmaceutical composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93914032A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark S. Cushman
Ernest Hamel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Research Corp Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Research Corp Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Research Corp Technologies Inc filed Critical Research Corp Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0641301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0641301A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
    • C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
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    • C07C205/27—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
    • C07C205/35—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups having nitro groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
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    • C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C217/06—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
    • C07C217/14—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C217/18—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring the six-membered aromatic ring or condensed ring system containing that ring being further substituted
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    • C07C217/56—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C217/58—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
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    • C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C217/84—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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    • C07C233/25—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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    • C07C235/32—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C235/34—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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    • C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/56—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of stilbene derivatives and stilbene-like derivatives as anti-cancer agents, pharmaceutical compositions of these compounds and to novel compounds thereof.
  • Tropical and subtropical shrubs and trees of the Combretacae family represent a potentially unexplored source of new compounds which have useful biological properties.
  • the genus Combretrum is known in the medical practices of Africa and India for treating various illness such as leprosy and cancer.
  • Combretrum micranthum and Combretrum zeyheri have received any substantial scientific work.
  • African tree Combretrum caffrum has been found to contain certain agents which were determined to be highly cytotoxic. These agents isolated from the African tree Combretrum caffrum are referred to as combretasatins.
  • R ⁇ is OH or OCH 3 ;
  • R 2 is H or 0CH 3 ; or
  • R ⁇ and R 2 taken together is -0CH 2 0-;
  • R 3 is H or OH;
  • R 4 is OH or 0CH 3 and wherein the configuration of the double bond in formula (A) is cis.
  • These compounds were tested to determine their murine 388 lymphocytic leukemia inhibitation.
  • these combretasatin derivatives are limited by their relatively low solubility in water and saline. This has led to an increased interest in the syntheses and evaluation of polymethoxylated stilbenes and dihydrostilbenes as potential anti-cancer agents.
  • the present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions thereof and their use as anti-cancer agents.
  • the present invention relates to a series of cis-, trans- and dihydro- stilbenes and N-arylbenzylamines, and aryl benzoamides and the compounds thereof as anti-cancer agents to be administered to animals.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of compounds having the structural formula (I):
  • Ar and Ar ⁇ are independently aryl or heteroaryl; and Ar may be mono, di, tri, or tetrasubstituted with R' and Ar r may be mono, di, tri, or tetrasubstituted with
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl
  • each R* may be the same or different and consists of R 1,, R perpetratZ, R3, and R4., and each R" may be the same or different and consists of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R fl ; wherein each R, X, R restroom2., R3,, R4,, R e 5, R c o, R,/ and R jurisdiction o are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy , lower aralkyl, arylkoxy, lower aralkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkylthio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, C0NHR 9 , NHC0(R g ), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF 3 , lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy,
  • R g is hydrogen or lower alkyl
  • R ⁇ 1 n 0 R -, ⁇ I*f R, 1-/, R , D S an d R , n 9 are independently lower alkyl ; and R 12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and the pharmaceutical composition containing these compounds as the active ingredients thereof. Also, the invention relates to novel compounds encompassed by Formula I.
  • R 1 , R", Ar, Ar 1 and X are as defined hereinabove.
  • the Ar group is substituted by R ⁇ f R 2 , R 3 and R 4 while Ar ⁇ is substituted by R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R ⁇ .
  • Ar and Ar ⁇ can independently be unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted; however the compound of Formula I must contain at least two alkoxy groups and preferably at least three alkoxy groups.
  • the alkoxy groups may be substituted as only Ar or Ar ⁇ or may be substituted as both Ar and Ar ⁇ In an especially preferred embodiment, at least two of the alkoxy groups are substituted on Ar; and in a most preferred embodiment, at least three of the alkoxy groups are substituted on Ar ⁇ .
  • the present invention contemplates employing the compounds in Formula I in compositions to be administered in an effective dosage amount to animals as potential new anti-cancer agents.
  • aryl when used alone or in combination, refers to an aromatic group which contains from 6 up to 18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms and includes the polynuclear aromatics. These aryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or polycyclic and are fused rings. Polynuclear aromatic compound is meant to encompass bicyclic, tricyclic fused aromatic ring systems containing from 10-18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms.
  • the aryl group includes phenyl, and the polynuclear aromatics e.g., naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, azulenyl and the like.
  • the preferred aryl group is naphthyl and especially phenyl.
  • heteroaryl when used alone or in combination, is a nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen containing heteroaromatic group.
  • the ring heteroatoms are either nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • the heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic; but if it contains more than 1 ring, the rings are fused. Furthermore, the heteroaryl groups are planar.
  • the heteroaryl groups contain 1-4 ring heteroatoms and from 5-14 ring atoms.
  • the heteroaryl group contains from 1- 13 and preferably 3-13 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 18 carbon atoms.
  • the heteroaryl includes such groups as thienyl, benzothienyl, naphthathienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, benzoxazolyl; benzoxathiazolyl, benzothiazolyl and benzoisothiazolyl, and the like, and the N-oxides of the nitrogen containing heteroaryl, such as the N-oxides of pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl and the like.
  • the preferred heteroaryl groups contain up to 10 ring atoms and 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms and up to a total of 15 carbon atoms.
  • the heterocyclic group contains at least 1 ring nitrogen atom.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, benzooxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and pyrrolyl.
  • the especially preferred heteroaryl groups include thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, and the N-oxide of pyridyl.
  • the most preferred heteroaryl group is pyridyl.
  • alkyl groups when used alone or in combination with other groups, are lower alkyl contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and may be straight chained or branched. These groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like.
  • alkyl groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms; more preferred alkyl groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
  • the most preferred alkyl group is methyl.
  • Alkylene as used herein refers to a bridging alkyl group of the formula C n H 2n . Examples include CH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - and the like.
  • lower alkoxy refers to -0- alkyl groups, wherein alkyl is as defined hereinabove.
  • the alkoxy group is bonded to the main chain, aryl or heteroaryl group through the oxygen bridge.
  • the alkoxy group may be straight chained or branched; although the straight-chain is preferred. Examples include methoxy, ethyloxy, propoxy, butyloxy, t-butyloxy, i-propoxy, and the like.
  • Preferred alkoxy groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms, especially preferred alkoxy groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms. The most preferred alkoxy group is methoxy.
  • C II-0-Alkyl wherein the acyl group is bonded to the main chain and alkyl is as defined hereinabove.
  • Examples include COOMe, COOEt, COOPr, and the like.
  • the preferred group is COOMe.
  • Halo includes fluoro, bromo, chloro or iodo.
  • “Lower Alkylamino” refers to a group wherein one alkyl group is bonded to an amino nitrogen, i.e., NH(alkyl) .
  • the NH is the bridge connecting the alkyl group to the aryl or heteroaryl. Examples include NHMe, NHEt, NHPr, and the like.
  • lower diloweralkylamino refers to a group wherein two alkyl groups, which may be the same or different are bonded to an amino nitrogen and the dialkylamino group is bonded to the aryl or heteroaryl through an NH bridge. It is preferred that both alkyl groups are the same. Examples include NMe 2 , N(Me)(Et), NEt 2 , and the like, the most preferred is NMe 2 .
  • lower arylalkyl when used alone or in combination, refers to an aryl-alkylene bond, i.e., the aryl alkyl group is bonded as a substituent through the alkylene moiety.
  • Examples include benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl, phenisopropyl, phenbutyl, and the like, diphenyl methyl, 1,2-diphenyl methyl, and the like.
  • arylalkoxy refers to an 0-aryl group wherein the arylalkoxy group is attached as a substituent through an oxygen bridge.
  • aralkoxy refers to an O-arylalkyl group wherein the aralkoxy is attached as a substituent through the oxygen atom.
  • Alkylthio refers to an S-alkyl group, wherein the alkylthio is attached as a substituent through the S atom.
  • amino lower alkyl refers to a group of the formula alkylene-NH 2 , wherein this group is attached as a substituent through the alkylene moiety. Examples include -CH,NH , CH,CH,NH, and the like.
  • lower alkenoyl refers to a lower alkyl group, as defined, wherein one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a carbonyl group. It also includes formyl. Examples include acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, and the like.
  • lower alkyl carbonyloxy refers to a group of the formula O-C-Alkyl, wherein the alkyl is defined herein. In other words, the lower alkyloxy- carbonyl is bonded as a substituent through the oxygen atom. Examples include O -CH , O- -CH.CH-,
  • amino lower alkoxy refers to the group -0-Alkylene-NH 2 ⁇ , wherein alkylene is defined hereinabove. This group is attached as a substituent through its oxygen atom.
  • lower alkylamino loweralkoxy refers to an amino lower alkoxy group, wherein one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a lower alkyl group.
  • a diloweralkyl amino lower alkoxy refers to an amino lower alkoxy group wherein both amino hydrogens are replaced by an alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups in the latter term may be the same or different but it is preferred that the alkyl groups are the same.
  • Examples of the first term include 0-(CH,•*&),•*&NH,, OCH. _NH, ⁇ , and the like;
  • examples of the second term include OCH 2 CH 2 NHMe, OCH 2 CH 2 NHEt, OCH 2 NHMe, OCH 2 NHEt, and the like, finally, examples of the latter term include OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , and the like.
  • amino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl amino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl
  • diloweralkyl amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl refers to an amino loweralkylene oxycarbonyl wherein both amino hydrogens are replaced by a lower Q alkyl, and the lower alkyls may be the same or different.
  • the first group include -C00-(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 , -C00CH 2 NH 2 and the like;
  • examples of the second group include C00CH 2 NHMe, C00CH 2 NHEt, C00(CH 2 ) 2 NHMe, C00(CH 2 ) 2 NHEt and the like, while examples
  • 2c - of the latter group include C00CH 2 NMe 2 , C00CH 2 NEt 2 , COO(CH 2 ) 2 NEt 2 , C00(CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 and the like.
  • a more especially preferred value of X is
  • Z 2 , Z 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 are independently hydrogen, cyano or carboloweralkoxy (e.g. COOMe) . It is most preferred that one of Y 2 , Z 2 , Y 3 or Z 3 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen, cyano or carboloweralkoxy. It is most preferred that Y 2 and Z 2 are hydrogen, Y 3 is cyano or hydrogen and Z 3 is hydrogen, cyano or lower carbalkoxy (e.g., COOMe). It is most especially preferred that Z 2 , Z 3 Y 2 and Y 3 are all hydrogen.
  • a preferred value of R 13 is hydrogen; the preferred values of R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are methyl or ethyl.
  • R 1 1 C 5 and Rl, c o are the same and that both are methyl and ethyl.
  • the preferred value of Q is ethylene.
  • R 7 and R ⁇ are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 lower .alkoxy, benzyloxy, acetyloxy, t-butyldimethoxy siloxy, halogen,
  • _silyl amino, 3-6 dimethylamino lower alkoxy halo (e.g., 5 chloro, bromo), nitro, NMe 2 , C ⁇ _ 4 alkylthio, C ⁇ _ 4 lower alkyl, 0(CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 , 0(CH 2 ) 2 NEt 2 .
  • halo e.g., 5 chloro, bromo
  • R t , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R fl are independently hydrogen, methoxy, chloro, bromo, nitro, OSi(t-Bu) (CH 3 ) 2 , NMe 2 , OAc, OEt, OPr, SMe, Me, Et, iPr, t-Bu, NH 2 ,
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are lower alkoxy, especially methoxy, it is more preferred that at least two of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is lower alkoxy? especially methoxy and it is most especially preferred that R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are lower alkoxy (e.g. methoxy). Further, it is preferred that R ⁇ is hydrogen.
  • R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are other than hydrogen, and most preferably it is preferred that R 6 and R 8 are hydrogen.
  • the most preferred values of R 7 is hydrogen, halo (e.g., chloro, bromo or iodo) , lower alkoxy (e.g., OMe, OEt, OPr), diloweralkylamino (e.g., NMe 2 ) , loweralkylthio (e.g., SMe), lower alkyl, or CF 3 .
  • R 5 is hydrogen; however, if it substituted, it is preferred that R 5 may be the 2-substituent, and the preferred R 5 value at the 2-position is hydrogen or halo (e.g., Cl). It is most preferred that R 7 has the preferred embodiment described herein that R 6 and R 8 are H and that R 5 is hydrogen or 2-halo (e.g., Cl) .
  • R r R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 or R ⁇ are as defined hereinabove and X is defined as NHCH 2 and more preferably CH 2 NH.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are
  • T is the counterion.
  • the counterions include such groups as the halides (I, Cl, Br or F), sulfates, nitrates, benzenesulfonates, toluene sulfonates, acetates, propionates, formates, malates, tartrates, and the like.
  • the most preferred counterions are the halides, especially bromides and more especially chlorides.
  • R 5 , R g and R 8 are hydrogen and that R 7 is other than hydrogen.
  • R 2 , R 3. R4. and R7 are as defined herein. It is preferred that R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are lower alkoxy and R 7 is lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, thiolower alkyl,
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are lower alkoxy, and that R 7 is other than hydrogen, especially lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, thio lower alkyl or CF 3 . It is most preferred that the alkyl group alone, or in combination, contains 1-2 carbons; and that it is especially most preferred that the alkyl group contains 1 carbon atom.
  • R 7 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, CF 3 or thiomethyl.
  • the preferred halo is chloro, bromo and especially iodo.
  • R ? is lower alkyl, halo, thioalkyl, CF 3 and lower alkoxy as defined hereinabove.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are the most preferred embodiment, especially since the quaternary cations of Formulae lb, Ib 2 , Ib 3 and Ib 4 are soluble in aqueous solutions.
  • the most preferred quaternary salt is 4- methyl-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline hydrochloride.
  • Preferred compounds encompassed by Formula I include:
  • a most preferred compound of Formula I is (Z)- 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by art-recognized techniques. Although the examples described hereinbelow may be specific, the syntheses are general. For example, in the Wittig reaction described hereinbelow and depicted in Scheme 1, a heteroaryl-arorylmethylene-triphenylphosphonium can in reaction with a heteroaryl or aryl aldehyde under
  • the formation of the compound of Formula Ia wherein X is CONH or CH 2 NH depicted in Scheme 6 is also general and is applicable to compounds of Formula Ia when Ar and Ar 1 are other than phenyl.
  • the reaction in Scheme 6 is general for the reaction between an aryl or heteroaryl acid chloride and an aryl or heteroaryl amino reacted under amide forming condition followed by reduction with LiAlH , as shown hereinbelow:
  • Trans-stilbene compounds 6q-6y were prepared by the Wittig-Horner reaction of phosphonate ester compounds 7a-c with the aryl aldehydes 4d and 4o-4t in DMF using sodium ⁇ methoxide as the base (Scheme II) . Under these reaction conditions, trans isomers were obtained exclusively. 4*Hydroxystilbene compounds 5o and 6o were prepared from
  • R2 Mc:
  • Compounds of the present invention exhibit tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. They also display anti-tumor, especially anti-cancer activity, and thus, are anti-cancer agents, useful for the treatment of cancer, as shown by the assays described hereinbelow. Pharmacological Testing
  • Electrophpretically homogeneous tubulin was purified from bovine brain as described previously by
  • tubulin was preincubated at 37°C with varying compound concentrations, reaction mixtures were chilled on ice, GTP (required for the polymerization reaction) was added, and polymerization was followed at 37°C by turbidimetry at 350 nm in
  • IC 50 value > 50 ⁇ m were examined in at least two independent experiments.
  • active does not mean that a given compound has no activity.
  • the term means that it has activity, but its IC 50 value in a particular assay is > 50 ⁇ m.
  • the effect of agents on the binding of [ 3 H]colchicine (obtained from Amersham) to tubulin was measured by the DEAE-filter technique.
  • compound 5a was found to be approximately 140 times more cytotoxic against HT-29 cells and about 10 times more cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells than co bretastatin A-4 (la). However, 5a was found to be about 20 times less cytotoxic against A-549 cells, 30 times less cytotoxic against SKMEL-5, and 7 times less cytotoxic against MLM cells than combretastatin A-4 (la).
  • trans-stilbenes had lower activity. This includes tetramethylated piceatannol (6y), and its methoxylated derivatives 6s, 6t, 6u and 6v. Only two dihydrostilbenes (compounds 8a and 8n) were found to be highly active, with 8a being the second most cytotoxic agent prepared (ED 50 values about 2 X 10 " ⁇ M) . Compound 8a was more cytotoxic than dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (lc) in all five cancer cell lines studied here.
  • combretastatins The mechanism of action of the combretastatins has been shown to be at the microtubule level, since they cause cells to accumulate in apparent metaphase arrest and inhibit in vitro microtubule assembly. They bind specifically to tubulin, the major component of microtubules, at the colchicine binding site, since combretastatin A-4 (la) has been shown to competitively inhibit the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin.
  • combretastatin A-4 la
  • Compound 5a is a most potent new agent as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, with an IC 50 value (2.2 ⁇ M) essentially indistinguishable from those of combretastatin A-4 and podophyllotoxin and somewhat higher than that of thiocolchicine. This is in agreement both with compound 5a possessing one of the highest cytotoxicity of the new compounds and with its close similarity to combretastatin A-4 (la) in its overall effects on the cell lines evaluated. The difference in IC 50 values between the two dihydrostilbene compounds lc and 8a was more noticeable.
  • the combretastatin A-4 analog lc had an IC 50 value of 3.3 ⁇ M, only modestly lower than the IC 50 value of combretastatin A-4, but the corresponding hydrogenation of compound 5a to yield compound 8a resulted in an almost 4-fold increase in the IC5 E hinder0 value, from 2.2 to 7.9 ⁇ r M.
  • dihydrocombretastatin A-4 compound lc
  • compound 8a as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization
  • the latter agent was more cytotoxic with the cell lines studied here.
  • the halogenated cis stilbenes 5e, 5g and 5h were not much less active than la and 5a as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, they were about 1000-fold less cytotoxic.
  • the cytotoxic compounds gave reproducible results in the tubulin polymerization assay with the exception of the trans stilbenes lb and 6n.
  • Initial evaluation of these compounds in the tubulin polymerization assay yielded results concordant with the cytotoxicity data, although the apparent IC 50 value obtained in the polymerization assay for 6n was difficult to reproduce and that for lb initially obtained in the current experiments was lower than that obtained previously.
  • both'lb and 6n solutions increased in activity with storage, and that, when care was taken to evaluate the solutions immediately after their preparation, neither trans stilbene was able to significantly inhibit tubulin polymerization. This suggested that both compounds were unstable in solution, and that more active agents might be formed during their storage.
  • cytotoxic properties of these two agents may similarly result from chemical changes in solution.
  • 500 MHz MR analysis of 6n in solution demonstrated significant formation of the cis isomer 5n.
  • the ratio of 6n:5n was 1:1 after 24 hours of the dissolution of pure 6n in DMSO at room temperature.
  • H NMR analysis over a period of one month at frequent intervals confirmed the formation of about 3% and 10% of the cis isomer (compound la) after two and four weeks, respectively.
  • Compounds 5a and 8a can be taken as standards for structure activity comparisons of cis stilbenes and dihydrostilbenes, respectively, in the tubulin polymerization assay. Without exception, when the same modified analog was available in both series, a greater loss of activity occurred in the dihydrostilbene than in the analogous cis stilbene (cf. 5b and 6b; 5f and 6f; 5n and 6n; 5p and 6p) .
  • An enhancement of antitubulin activity in the 5a/8a structure was obtained by modification of the substituents on the B-phenyl ring by the addition of a single hydroxy group at position 3' (as occurs in combretastatin A-4 (la) and dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (lc)) or addition of two hydroxy groups in a vicinal diol arrangement at positions 2' and 3' (as occurs in combretastatin A-l and B-l).
  • Combretastatin A-4 (la) and compound lc inhibit the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin. Therefore Formula I compounds were evaluated in this assay too.
  • the Formula I compounds relative activity as inhibitors of colchicine binding correlated well with their activity as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization.
  • the mechanism of action of the new compounds like that of the combretastatins, thus appears to involve an interaction of the drug with the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Only compound 5a, however, approached the nearly total inhibition of colchicine binding observed with equimolar combretastatin A-4 (la).
  • the compounds 15a-f were highly cytotoxic in all five cancer cell cultures, with potencies from 100 times less than to equal to that of combretastatin A-4.
  • Replacement of the OMe of the B-ring with an SMe group (compound 15c) resulted in a compound which was as cytotoxic as the parent compound 15a in the A-549 and MLM cell cultures.
  • the thiomethyl compound was about one order of magnitude less cytotoxic than 5a in the MCF cell culture, while being about one order of magnitude more potent that 5a in HT-29 cells and two orders of magnitude more potent in SKMEL-5 cells.
  • the thiomethyl compound 15c is an analogue of thiocolchicine, which is more potent as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and is more cytotoxic in certain cell cultures than colchicine.
  • Substitution with i-propyl decreased the cytotoxicity somewhat (ED 50 7.0 x 10 ⁇ 2 to 4.7 x 10 "4 ⁇ M range), as did substitution with an O-n-propyl group (compound 15b).
  • compounds 15a-f retained significant tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity relative to 5a.
  • the decreased anti-tubulin activity of the 4-isopropyl compound 15f and the lack of activity of the 4-tert-but ⁇ l compound 15g demonstrates that an increase in steric bulk at this position results in a decrease in activity.
  • the enhancement of antitubulin activity which occurred with a reduction in size of the 4-substituent in the B-ring.
  • the only new compound more effective than the parent compound 5a as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization was 15d, in which a methyl group replaced the 4-methoxy group of 5a.
  • the potency of this agent as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor was equivalent to combretastatin A-4 (lb), the natural product, even though it lacks the adjacent hydroxyl group in the fi ⁇ ring.
  • Compounds 24a and 24c had ED 50 values of 5.0 x 10 "2 to 6.4 x 10 "3 ⁇ M in A-549, MCF-7, HT-29, and SKMEL-5 cell cultures.
  • the dimethylaminoethyl or diethylaminoethyl esters (compounds 24e and 24f) or the N-ethylamide (compound 24d) of compound 23a did not show considerable cytotoxicity.
  • Transfer of the B-ring methoxy group in compound 23a to the 3-position resulted in about 10 to 100-fold increase in the cytotoxicity in three cell lines and similar movement in compound 24a (compound 24b) reduced the cytotoxicity by 100 to 1000-fold.
  • this compound was about 10 to 100- fold less cytotoxic than l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (8a), although its activity as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC 50 11 ⁇ M) was not decreased much relative to that of 8a (IC 50 7.9 ⁇ M) .
  • IC 50 11 ⁇ M tubulin polymerization inhibitor
  • 8a IC 50 7.9 ⁇ M
  • the two- carbon bridge in l-(4-methoxyphen ⁇ l)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (8a) was reduced to a one carbon bridge (compounds 27, 28 and 29, Table VI). All of these compounds were less potent than 8a.
  • 3,4,4* ,5- Tetra-methoxybenzophenone (27) was about 100 times less cytotoxic than 8a, although its tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity (IC 50 7.4 ⁇ M) was essentially identical to that of 8a (IC 50 7.9 ⁇ M) .
  • Conversion of 27 to the alcohol 28 reduced cytotoxicity by another 100 times and also resulted in lower tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity (IC 50 > 40 ⁇ M) .
  • the antitubulin activities of the conformationally restricted analogues of the stilbene 5a and the dihydrostilbene 8a are included in Table VII.
  • the data indicate that the active conformation of the stilbene 5a does not approach being planar, and involves a conformation in which at least one of the phenyl rings is twisted out of the plane of the other phenyl ring.
  • the planar conformation of 5a is a high energy species due to a nonbonded interaction between the protons of the two aromatic rings that are ortho to the bridge. Consequently, a totally planar conformation of 5a is not expected to exist to any appreciable extent.
  • combretastatin A-l The X-ray structure of combretastatin A-l reveals that the normals to the least squares planes of the two phenyl rings are inclined 66° to each other. This likely represents a low energy conformation which may be involved in binding at the receptor site. Consistent with this hypothesis is the well documented and recognized fact that, the planes of the trimethoxy-benzene ring and the other oxygen-substituted ring in podophyllotoxin, colchicine, steganacin, and combretastatin A-4 exist in similar dihedral relationships, so that these natural products resemble each other structurally to some extent when bound at the receptor site.
  • Modifications can be made in the structure of combretastatin A-4 (lb) and its tetramethoxy analogue (5a) without substantially comprising cytotoxic and antitubulin activity.
  • the cis-stilbene and benzylaniline configuration is most preferred, and all bridge substituents that have been tried to date r * educe activity.
  • the methoxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 in the A ring is preferred and substitution at positions 4 in the B ring is also highly preferred.
  • reaction mixtures in triplicate
  • iM tubulin contained 1
  • the 4-ethyl (110b, IC 50 7.2 ⁇ m), 4-methoxy (110c, 8.9 ⁇ m) , 4-ethoxy (110d, ll.O ⁇ m), and 4-thiometh ⁇ l (llOe, 16.0 ⁇ m) analogues had less activity.
  • This trend between the potencies of the compounds as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and the size of the aniline substituent R was reflected remarkably well by the cytotoxicities in all of the cancer cell cultures studied. The smaller the substituent, the higher the cytotoxicity.
  • the compounds encompassed in Formula I have been determined to be effective inhibitors of tubulin polymerization.
  • the compounds of the present invention interact effectively with the colchicine binding site of tubulin thus they represent potential antimitotic agents which may inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
  • the present new compounds form salts with acids when a basic amino function is present and salts with bases when an acid function, i.e., carboxyl, is present. All such salts are useful in the isolation and/or purification of the new products.
  • Suitable acids include, for example, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, benzenesulfonic, toluene-sulfonic, acetic, maleic, tartaric and the like which are pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • Basic salts for pharmaceutical use are the Na, K, Ca and Mg salts, and the like.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise the compounds encompassed by Formula I and an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the carrier can be any of those conventionally used and is limited only by chemico-physical considerations such as solubility and lack of reactivity with the compound and by the route of administration.
  • the carrier will be agueous and may contain solubilizing agents, buffers, preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents, and agents to control the tonicity, such as dextrose or sodium chloride.
  • solubilizing agents such as sodium chloride.
  • the active ingredients of the therapeutic compositions and the compounds of the present invention exhibit excellent anti-cancer activity when administered in amounts ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 10.0 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
  • a preferred dosage regimen for optimum results would be from about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and such dosage units are employed that a total of from about 0.1 mg to about 1.0 mg per kilogram of the active compound for a subject of about 70 kg of body weight are administered in a 24-hour period in single or divided doses.
  • This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response and is preferably administered one to three times a day. For example, several divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation.
  • a decided practical advantage is that the active compound may be administered in a convenient manner such as by the oral, intravenous (where water soluble) , intramuscular or subcutaneous routes.
  • the active compound may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or with an assimilable edible carrier, or it may be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsule, or it may be compressed into tablets, or it may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet.
  • the active compound may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like.
  • Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 1 % of active compound.
  • the percentage of the compositions and preparations may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 5 to about 80 % of the weight of the unit.
  • the amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained.
  • Preferred compositions or preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit form contains between 5 and 1000 mg of active compound.
  • the tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following: A binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring.
  • a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin
  • excipients such as dicalcium phosphate
  • a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
  • a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint,
  • tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • a syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
  • any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed.
  • the active compound may be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and formulations.
  • sustained release dosage forms are contemplated wherein the active ingredient is bound to an ion exchange resin which, optionally, can be coated with a diffusion barrier coating to modify the release properties of the resin.
  • the active compound may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally.
  • Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, but the use of a coating such as lecithin; by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and anti ungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride.
  • Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as. required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredient into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and the freeze-drying technique which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like.
  • the use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
  • Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the specification for the novel dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active material for the treatment of disease in living subjects having a diseased condition in which bodily health is impaired as herein disclosed in detail.
  • the principal active ingredient is compounded for convenient and effect administration in effective amounts with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in dosage unit form as hereinbefore disclosed.
  • a unit dosage form can, for example, contain the principal active compound in amounts ranging from about 5 to about 1000 mg, with from about 5 to about 250 mg being preferred.
  • the dosages are determined by reference to the usual dose and manner of administration of the said ingredients.
  • Diethyl benzylphosphonate 7a, aryl aldehydes 4a-t and 1 M solution of tetra-n- butylammonium fluoride in THF were obtained from commercial sources.
  • Compounds 7b-c were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding benzyl bromides and triethyl phosphite.
  • Phosphonium bromides 3a-b were prepared by stirring a mixture of triphenyl phosphine and the corresponding benzyl bromides in toluene.
  • Combretastatin A-4 and its trans isomer were obtained from Prof. G. R. Pettit, Arizona State University.
  • Compound lc was prepared as described previously.
  • Podophyllotoxin was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.
  • thiocolchicine was from Roussel-Uclaf.
  • Preparative silica gel tic plates (200 micron) were purchased from Analtech.
  • reaction solution was poured into ice-cold water (500 mL) and acidified with 20% sulfuric acid (200 mL) , extracted with ether (100, 100, 50 mL) , washed with water (50 mL) and saturated sodium chloride solution (50 mL) , and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • Evaporation of the filtrate and flash chromatography (ether: hexane, 70:30 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) gave 33 as a yellow oil (1.97 g, 79.1%): IR (film) 3231 (br), 3005, 2933, 1733, 1703, 1590, 1513,
  • N-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenethyl)acetamide (43).
  • Acetyl chloride (1.3 mL, 1.45 g, 18.2 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of compound 42 (3g, 12.1 mmol) in 2.0 N NaOH solution (27 mL, 54.0 mmol) cooled in an ice bath. The resulting solution was stirred at 0°C for 1 h.
  • the reaction solution was extracted with CHC1 3 (50, 30, and 20 mL) and the combined CHC1 3 layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 .

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Abstract

The present invention relates to stilbene derivatives which possess utility as anti-cancer agents. The compounds can be used to treat cancers which are susceptible to treatment therewith, and can be utilized in a method of treating such cancers. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are disclosed. Three preferred compounds amont those disclosed are (Z)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene, (Z)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene, and 4-methyl-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline hydrochloride.

Description

STILBENE DERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS
The present invention relates to the use of stilbene derivatives and stilbene-like derivatives as anti-cancer agents, pharmaceutical compositions of these compounds and to novel compounds thereof. Tropical and subtropical shrubs and trees of the Combretacae family represent a potentially unexplored source of new compounds which have useful biological properties. For example, the genus Combretrum is known in the medical practices of Africa and India for treating various illness such as leprosy and cancer. However, only a few species like Combretrum micranthum and Combretrum zeyheri have received any substantial scientific work.
In recent years through the work of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the African tree Combretrum caffrum has been found to contain certain agents which were determined to be highly cytotoxic. These agents isolated from the African tree Combretrum caffrum are referred to as combretasatins.
U.S. Patent No. 4,996,237 to Pettit et al. relates to the isolation and syntheses of a neoplastic substance having the structural formula:
The natural product having such a formula has
» been referred to as "Combretasatin A-4". It has been observed that this cis-stilbene exhibits strong cytotoxic activity by inhibiting tubulin polymerization.
European Patent Application No. 276,051 to Pettit et al. relates to the isolation, structural elucidation and synthesis of new antineoplastic compounds having the structural formulas:
wherein Rχ is OH or OCH3; R2 is H or 0CH3; or Rχ and R2 taken together is -0CH20-; R3 is H or OH; and R4 is OH or 0CH3 and wherein the configuration of the double bond in formula (A) is cis. These compounds were tested to determine their murine 388 lymphocytic leukemia inhibitation. Despite their potential use as anti-cancer agents, these combretasatin derivatives are limited by their relatively low solubility in water and saline. This has led to an increased interest in the syntheses and evaluation of polymethoxylated stilbenes and dihydrostilbenes as potential anti-cancer agents.
Thus, the present invention is directed to the development of new anti-cancer agents based on these natural products as structural leads. More specifically, the present invention is directed to compounds having two aryl or heteroaryl groups or combinations thereof separated by a bridging unit of at least 1 or 2 atoms, such as C=0, alkylene, alkyleneamino, carboxamido (or derivatives thereof), or alkene (e.g., ethenes), in which the aryl or heteroaryl groups are substituted by at least two alkoxy groups. The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions thereof and their use as anti-cancer agents. In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a series of cis-, trans- and dihydro- stilbenes and N-arylbenzylamines, and aryl benzoamides and the compounds thereof as anti-cancer agents to be administered to animals.
The present invention is directed to the use of compounds having the structural formula (I):
(R') Ar - X - Ar^R") (I)
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein Ar and Arχ are independently aryl or heteroaryl; and Ar may be mono, di, tri, or tetrasubstituted with R' and Arr may be mono, di, tri, or tetrasubstituted with
R";
O 0 O
II II II
X is -C-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2NH-, -NH-C-, -C-NH-, -(Y„Z)(Y3 C-C(Z,2) (Z3 - or —ci—s or trans ethylene radical of the formula -(Y1)C=C(Z1), CH2 or CHOH; γ ι' Y 2' Y 3' z ι' Z 2 and Z 3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy, COONR13Rw, cyano, or C00QNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene; each R* may be the same or different and consists of R 1,, R„Z, R3, and R4., and each R" may be the same or different and consists of R5, R6, R7 and Rfl; wherein each R, X, R„2., R3,, R4,, Re5, Rco, R,/ and R„ o are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy , lower aralkyl, arylkoxy, lower aralkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkylthio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, C0NHR9, NHC0(Rg), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxycarbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkenene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10RuR12) or Si(R17)(R18)(R19) and at least two or R^ R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and Rβ is loweralkoxy;
Rg is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R ι 1n0 R-,τI*f R, 1-/, R,DS and R,n9 are independently lower alkyl ; and R12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and the pharmaceutical composition containing these compounds as the active ingredients thereof. Also, the invention relates to novel compounds encompassed by Formula I.
As described hereinabove, the present invention encompasses compounds of the formula
(R' )Ar - X - Arχ(R")
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R1, R", Ar, Ar1 and X are as defined hereinabove. As defined herein, the Ar group is substituted by Rχ f R2, R3 and R4 while Arχ is substituted by R5, R6, R7 and Rβ. In other words, Ar and Arχ can independently be unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted or tetrasubstituted; however the compound of Formula I must contain at least two alkoxy groups and preferably at least three alkoxy groups. The alkoxy groups may be substituted as only Ar or Arχ or may be substituted as both Ar and Ar^ In an especially preferred embodiment, at least two of the alkoxy groups are substituted on Ar; and in a most preferred embodiment, at least three of the alkoxy groups are substituted on Arχ.
As defined herein, the present invention contemplates employing the compounds in Formula I in compositions to be administered in an effective dosage amount to animals as potential new anti-cancer agents.
The term "aryl", when used alone or in combination, refers to an aromatic group which contains from 6 up to 18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms and includes the polynuclear aromatics. These aryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or polycyclic and are fused rings. Polynuclear aromatic compound is meant to encompass bicyclic, tricyclic fused aromatic ring systems containing from 10-18 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 25 carbon atoms. The aryl group includes phenyl, and the polynuclear aromatics e.g., naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, azulenyl and the like. The preferred aryl group is naphthyl and especially phenyl.
The term "heteroaryl", when used alone or in combination, is a nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen containing heteroaromatic group. The ring heteroatoms are either nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. The heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic; but if it contains more than 1 ring, the rings are fused. Furthermore, the heteroaryl groups are planar. The heteroaryl groups contain 1-4 ring heteroatoms and from 5-14 ring atoms. The heteroaryl group contains from 1- 13 and preferably 3-13 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 18 carbon atoms. The heteroaryl includes such groups as thienyl, benzothienyl, naphthathienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, benzoxazolyl; benzoxathiazolyl, benzothiazolyl and benzoisothiazolyl, and the like, and the N-oxides of the nitrogen containing heteroaryl, such as the N-oxides of pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl and the like. The preferred heteroaryl groups contain up to 10 ring atoms and 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms and up to a total of 15 carbon atoms. Preferably, the heterocyclic group contains at least 1 ring nitrogen atom. Preferred heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, benzooxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and pyrrolyl. The especially preferred heteroaryl groups include thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, and the N-oxide of pyridyl. The most preferred heteroaryl group is pyridyl.
The alkyl groups when used alone or in combination with other groups, are lower alkyl contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and may be straight chained or branched. These groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like.
The preferred alkyl groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms; more preferred alkyl groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms. The most preferred alkyl group is methyl. Alkylene as used herein refers to a bridging alkyl group of the formula CnH2n. Examples include CH2, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2- and the like.
As used herein, the term "lower alkoxy" refers to -0- alkyl groups, wherein alkyl is as defined hereinabove. The alkoxy group is bonded to the main chain, aryl or heteroaryl group through the oxygen bridge. The alkoxy group may be straight chained or branched; although the straight-chain is preferred. Examples include methoxy, ethyloxy, propoxy, butyloxy, t-butyloxy, i-propoxy, and the like. Preferred alkoxy groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms, especially preferred alkoxy groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms. The most preferred alkoxy group is methoxy.
"Lower carbalkoxy" is a group of the formula 0
C II-0-Alkyl, wherein the acyl group is bonded to the main chain and alkyl is as defined hereinabove. Examples include COOMe, COOEt, COOPr, and the like. The preferred group is COOMe.
"Halo" includes fluoro, bromo, chloro or iodo.
"Lower Alkylamino" refers to a group wherein one alkyl group is bonded to an amino nitrogen, i.e., NH(alkyl) . The NH is the bridge connecting the alkyl group to the aryl or heteroaryl. Examples include NHMe, NHEt, NHPr, and the like.
Similarly, "lower diloweralkylamino" refers to a group wherein two alkyl groups, which may be the same or different are bonded to an amino nitrogen and the dialkylamino group is bonded to the aryl or heteroaryl through an NH bridge. It is preferred that both alkyl groups are the same. Examples include NMe2, N(Me)(Et), NEt2, and the like, the most preferred is NMe2.
As used herein, "lower arylalkyl", when used alone or in combination, refers to an aryl-alkylene bond, i.e., the aryl alkyl group is bonded as a substituent through the alkylene moiety. Examples include benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl, phenisopropyl, phenbutyl, and the like, diphenyl methyl, 1,2-diphenyl methyl, and the like.
The arylalkoxy refers to an 0-aryl group wherein the arylalkoxy group is attached as a substituent through an oxygen bridge. Similarly, aralkoxy refers to an O-arylalkyl group wherein the aralkoxy is attached as a substituent through the oxygen atom.
"Alkylthio" refers to an S-alkyl group, wherein the alkylthio is attached as a substituent through the S atom.
The term amino lower alkyl refers to a group of the formula alkylene-NH2, wherein this group is attached as a substituent through the alkylene moiety. Examples include -CH,NH , CH,CH,NH, and the like.
As used herein, lower alkenoyl refers to a lower alkyl group, as defined, wherein one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a carbonyl group. It also includes formyl. Examples include acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, and the like.
The term "lower alkyl carbonyloxy" refers to a group of the formula O-C-Alkyl, wherein the alkyl is defined herein. In other words, the lower alkyloxy- carbonyl is bonded as a substituent through the oxygen atom. Examples include O -CH , O- -CH.CH-,
0- -(CH_)_CH- and the like, with the preferred group
being OAc.
As used herein the term "amino lower alkoxy" refers to the group -0-Alkylene-NH2~, wherein alkylene is defined hereinabove. This group is attached as a substituent through its oxygen atom. Similarly, the term lower alkylamino loweralkoxy refers to an amino lower alkoxy group, wherein one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a lower alkyl group. Furthermore, a diloweralkyl amino lower alkoxy refers to an amino lower alkoxy group wherein both amino hydrogens are replaced by an alkyl group. The alkyl groups in the latter term may be the same or different but it is preferred that the alkyl groups are the same. Examples of the first term include 0-(CH,•*&),•*&NH,, OCH. _NH,<, and the like; examples of the second term include OCH2CH2NHMe, OCH2CH2NHEt, OCH2NHMe, OCH2NHEt, and the like, finally, examples of the latter term include OCH2CH2NMe2, OCH2CH2NEt2, and the like.
The term "amino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl"
10 as used herein, refers to the group C-0-alkylene-NH_ wherein*alkylene is as defined herein. Similarly, "lower alkyl amino.lower alkylene carbonyl" refers to an
•jc amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl wherein one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an alkyl group as defined herein. Furthermore, diloweralkyl amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl refers to an amino loweralkylene oxycarbonyl wherein both amino hydrogens are replaced by a lower Q alkyl, and the lower alkyls may be the same or different. Examples of the first group include -C00-(CH2)2NH2, -C00CH2NH2 and the like; examples of the second group include C00CH2NHMe, C00CH2NHEt, C00(CH2)2NHMe, C00(CH2)2NHEt and the like, while examples
2c- of the latter group include C00CH2NMe2, C00CH2NEt2, COO(CH2)2NEt2, C00(CH2)2NMe2 and the like.
The preferred value of X as used herein is
30 and (Y2) (Y3)C-C-(Z2) (Z3) , wherein Yt, Y2, Y3, Z f Z2 and Z3 are defined hereinabove. A more preferred value of X is
35 -NH, NH , CH,NH or CH,NH. Especially preferred X is , CH„NH, NHCH, and cis (Y1)C=C(Z1) . A more especially preferred value of X is
CNH, CH2NH and cis (Y )C=C(Z ) , and the most preferred value of X is cis_ (Y1)C=C ( Z1) and CH2NH.
The preferred values of Yχ and Zχ in (Y1)C=C(Z1) in either the trans or cis forms are independently hydrogen, carboxy, carboloweralkoxy, COONHR13, cyano or COOQNR15R16. It is preferred that Y1 is hydrogen, carboxy, carboloweralkoxy, C00NHR13, or COOQNR15R16, and that Z1 is hydrogen or COOH. More especially, it is preferred that Y is COOH, COOMe, COONHMe, COONHEt, COO(CH2)2NEt2, C00CH2NMe2 or H. The most preferred value of Yχ and Zχ is hydrogen.
The most preferred values of Z2, Z3, Y2 and Y3 are independently hydrogen, cyano or carboloweralkoxy (e.g. COOMe) . It is most preferred that one of Y2, Z2, Y3 or Z3 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen, cyano or carboloweralkoxy. It is most preferred that Y2 and Z2 are hydrogen, Y3 is cyano or hydrogen and Z3 is hydrogen, cyano or lower carbalkoxy (e.g., COOMe). It is most especially preferred that Z2, Z3 Y2 and Y3 are all hydrogen.
A preferred value of R13 is hydrogen; the preferred values of R14, R15 and R16 are methyl or ethyl.
It is preferred that R1 1C5 and Rl,co are the same and that both are methyl and ethyl.
The preferred value of Q is ethylene. The preferred values of Rχ, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6,
R7 and Rβ are independently hydrogen, C1-C4 lower .alkoxy, benzyloxy, acetyloxy, t-butyldimethoxy siloxy, halogen,
C1-4 lower alkyl, t-butγl dimethyl silyloxy, trimethyl
_silyl, amino, 3-6 dimethylamino lower alkoxy halo (e.g., 5 chloro, bromo), nitro, NMe2, Cχ_4 alkylthio, Cχ_4 lower alkyl, 0(CH2)2NMe2, 0(CH2)2NEt2. It is more preferred that Rt, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and Rfl are independently hydrogen, methoxy, chloro, bromo, nitro, OSi(t-Bu) (CH3)2, NMe2, OAc, OEt, OPr, SMe, Me, Et, iPr, t-Bu, NH2,
NHCOCH3, 0(CH2)2NMe2, and 0(CH2)2NEt2.
In the most preferred embodiment, the compounds of Formula I have the formula
In Formula la, it is preferred that at least one of R2, R3 and R4 is lower alkoxy, especially methoxy, it is more preferred that at least two of R2, R3 and R4 is lower alkoxy? especially methoxy and it is most especially preferred that R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy (e.g. methoxy). Further, it is preferred that Rχ is hydrogen.
Further, it is preferred that at least one of R6, R7 and R8 is other than hydrogen, and most preferably it is preferred that R6 and R8 are hydrogen. The most preferred values of R7 is hydrogen, halo (e.g., chloro, bromo or iodo) , lower alkoxy (e.g., OMe, OEt, OPr), diloweralkylamino (e.g., NMe2) , loweralkylthio (e.g., SMe), lower alkyl, or CF3. In addition, it is preferred that R5 is hydrogen; however, if it substituted, it is preferred that R5 may be the 2-substituent, and the preferred R5 value at the 2-position is hydrogen or halo (e.g., Cl). It is most preferred that R7 has the preferred embodiment described herein that R6 and R8 are H and that R5 is hydrogen or 2-halo (e.g., Cl) .
An even more preferred embodiment of the present invention has the formula:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R r R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or Rβ are as defined hereinabove and X is defined as NHCH2 and more preferably CH2NH. In this embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are
also preferred, i.e, wherein the nitrogen in the bridging group forms a quaternary ammonium ion:
wherein T is the counterion. The counterions include such groups as the halides (I, Cl, Br or F), sulfates, nitrates, benzenesulfonates, toluene sulfonates, acetates, propionates, formates, malates, tartrates, and the like. The most preferred counterions are the halides, especially bromides and more especially chlorides.
In the compounds of the above formulae, it is preferred that R5, Rg and R8 are hydrogen and that R7 is other than hydrogen.
An even more preferred embodiment of the compounds of Formulae lb, lb , and Ib2 is
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R2, R 3. R4. and R7„ are as defined herein. It is preferred that R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, thiolower alkyl,
_ trifluoromethyl, lower carbalkoxy, carboxy, cyano, lower 5 alkanoyl, formyl, nitro or sulfonic acid (S03H). It is most preferred that R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy, and that R7 is other than hydrogen, especially lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, thio lower alkyl or CF3. It is most preferred that the alkyl group alone, or in combination, contains 1-2 carbons; and that it is especially most preferred that the alkyl group contains 1 carbon atom.
Preferred R7 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, CF3 or thiomethyl. The preferred halo is chloro, bromo and especially iodo.
Especially preferred compounds of the above formulae lb, lb Z,, lb,3, is lb4.
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R? is lower alkyl, halo, thioalkyl, CF3 and lower alkoxy as defined hereinabove.
However in all of the above embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are the most preferred embodiment, especially since the quaternary cations of Formulae lb, Ib2, Ib3 and Ib4 are soluble in aqueous solutions. The most preferred quaternary salt is 4- methyl-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline hydrochloride.
It is to be noted that all permutations and combinations of the variables R--Rιg, Q, X2 X3, Yχr Y2, Y3, T, Zχ, Z2 and Z3 are contemplated by the present invention. Further, it is to be noted that, in addition, Markush groupings containing less than all of the elements described hereinabove as well as the various permutations and combinations thereof are also contemplated by the present invention.
Preferred compounds encompassed by Formula I include:
(Z)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl) ethene;
(Z)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl) ethene;
(Z)-1-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3,4- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene;
(Z)-1-phenyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene;
(Z)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethyloxy- phenyl)ethene;
(Z)-l-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl) ethene;
(Z)-1-[4-N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene;
(E)-1-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene;
1-(4-methoxγphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene; l-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene;
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-( -methoxyphenyl) benzyl- amine ; and
(Z)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene.
A most preferred compound of Formula I is (Z)- 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene.
The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by art-recognized techniques. Although the examples described hereinbelow may be specific, the syntheses are general. For example, in the Wittig reaction described hereinbelow and depicted in Scheme 1, a heteroaryl-arorylmethylene-triphenylphosphonium can in reaction with a heteroaryl or aryl aldehyde under
Wittig-like conditions
+ NaH
(R')Ar-CH,PPh, + R"Ar-CH0 >
Br to form the corresponding
R'Ar-C=C-ArR" Further hydrogenation of the stilbene gives the corresponding dihydro stilbenes. In the scheme, Ar, Arχ, R' and R" are defined herein.
Similarly, the formation of the compound of Formula Ia wherein X is CONH or CH2NH depicted in Scheme 6 is also general and is applicable to compounds of Formula Ia when Ar and Ar1 are other than phenyl. For example, the reaction in Scheme 6 is general for the reaction between an aryl or heteroaryl acid chloride and an aryl or heteroaryl amino reacted under amide forming condition followed by reduction with LiAlH , as shown hereinbelow:
(R')Ar-COCl + R'ΑTj-NH, > 0 1 || LAH
R'AT-C-NH Ar^R" ) > R'Ar-CH^H-A^R"
Similarly, the reactions in Scheme II-V + VII-XIII are c general and can be depicted to encompass the syntheses of compounds when Ar and A.τ1 are as defined herein. Therefore, the syntheses described in those enumerated schemes are to read in that light.
_Q Chemistry
Wittig reaction of phosphonium bromide compounds 3a-b with aryl aldehyde compounds 4a-4n in THF in the presence of sodium hydride followed by preparative thin layer chromatographic separation gave
-jc the corresponding cis stilbene compounds 5a-n and trans stilbene compounds 6a-6n (Reaction Scheme I; see Table I). In general all these reactions gave the cis isomers as major components, and, except in a few cases, trans isomers were also isolated as minor products in yields
PQ of over 10%. However, in the case of aryl aldehydes with a substituent at the 2-position (compounds 4c, 4d and 4e) and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, cis isomers were obtained in very high yields, and the trans isomers were obtained in poor yields. With 2,3,4-trimethoxy-
„,- benzaldehyde compound (4d) an isolable amount of the trans stilbene was not obtained. Trans-stilbene compounds 6q-6y were prepared by the Wittig-Horner reaction of phosphonate ester compounds 7a-c with the aryl aldehydes 4d and 4o-4t in DMF using sodium π methoxide as the base (Scheme II) . Under these reaction conditions, trans isomers were obtained exclusively. 4*Hydroxystilbene compounds 5o and 6o were prepared from
35 the corresponding O-silyloxylated stilbenes 5m and 6m by the action of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in THF. In another set of reactions, the 4'-acetoxystilbenes 5p and 6p were prepared by acetylation of 4'-hydroxystilbenes 5o and 6o (Scheme III). Cis or trans geometries of most of these compounds were confirmed by their characteristic coupling constants for the olefinic protons of about 12 Hz for cis and 16.0-16.5 Hz for trans isomers. The two olefinic protons of compounds 5d, 5m, 6g and 6p gave singlets and those of compounds 5o and 6b gave multiplets, and the geometries of these compounds were assigned relative to their isomers, which gave distinct doublets with characteristic coupling constants. Catalytic hydrogenation of E-stilbene compounds 6 at about 40 psi in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal gave dihydrostilbene compounds 8 (Scheme IV). Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of (E)- 4'-nitro-3,4,5-trimethoxystilbene (61) provided (E)-4'~ amino-3,4,5-trimethoxystilbene (6z). Catalytic hydrogenation of compound 61 in EtOAc at 40 psi in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal gave 4'-amino- 3,4,5-trimethoxydihydrostilbene (8z), which on subsequent reaction with acetyl chloride gave the acetamido compound 8m (Scheme V). Scheme VI describes the general method adopted for the preparation of amide compounds lla-llf and their subsequent reduction to substituted benzylamines 12a-12f.
4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (13j) was prepared by the reaction of syringaldehyde with benzyl chloride in the presence of K2C03 in boiling acetone. Similarly, reaction of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride with syringaldehyde in DMF in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine gave 4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyl)-oxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (13k) (Scheme VII) . Wittig reaction of phosphonium bromides 14a-b with benzaldehydes 13a-k in THF in the presence of sodium hydride followed by preparative thin-layer chromatographic separation of the crude products afforded the cis stilbenes 15a-k and trans stilbenex 16a-k (Scheme VIII). Reaction of compounds 15k and 16k with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride and in situ acetylation of the phenols with acetic anhydride gave the acetoxy compounds 151 and 161 (Scheme IX). The cis and trans geometries of the stilbenes were assigned by the characteristic XH NMR coupling constants of the olefinic protons. Catalytic hydrogenation of stilbenes 15 and 16 at about 40 psi in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal gave the dihydrostilbenes 17a-e (Scheme XIII) . The amino ethers 17f-g were prepared by the reaction of l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (18) with dialkylaminoethyl chlorides 19a-b in refluxing acetone in the presence of K2C03 (Scheme X) . Compounds 17h and 17i were prepared by the alkylation of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-acetonitrile (20a) and 4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (20b) with 4- methoxybenzyl bromide (21a) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzγl bromide (21b), respectively, using LDA as the base (Scheme XI) . Similarly, alkylation of methyl 4- methoxyphenylacetate (20b) with 3,4,5-trimethoxγbenzyl bromide 21b gave product 17j.
Several derivatives containing acidic and basic functional groups, including the previously mentioned amines 17f-g, were prepared in an attempt to make compounds that were more soluble in water and could therefore be formulated more easily. Base catalyzed condensation of phenylacetic acids 22a-b with aryl aldehydes 131-n in the presence of triethylamine gave the carboxylic acids 23a-c (Scheme XII). Esterification of compounds 23a-b with methanol using a catalytic amount of H2S04 gave products 24a-b (Scheme XII). Reaction of thionyl chloride with the carboxylic acids 23a-b in refluxing benzene gave the corresponding acid chlorides, which on subsequent reaction with appropriate amines and alkylaminoalcohol gave compounds 24c-f (Scheme XII) .
The effect of shortening the distance between the two aromatic rings was investigated by preparing compound 29, having a methylene unit separating the rings. Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with 3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoyl chloride gave 3,4,4' ,5- tetraethoxybenzophenone (27, Scheme XIII). Sodium borohydride reduction of compound 27 in methanol afforded 4-methoxy-phenyl-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- methanol (28), which on catalytic hydrogenolysis in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal gave 4-methoxy- phenyl-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methane (29) (Scheme XIII) .
Several conformationally rigid analogues of the compound 5a were synthesized in an attempt to gain evidence concerning the biologically active conformation of this substance. Different conformations are available to 5a through rotation about the two bonds connecting the aromatic rings to the alkene unit. This question was investigated by forming a covalent bond between the two aromatic rings of several stilbenes, resulting in the phenanthrenes 32a-d (Scheme XIV). .Photocyclization of the cis-trans mixtures of stilbenes 30a-c and 31a-c in the presence of iodine afforded the desired phenanthrenes 32a-d. Conformationally restricted analogues of the active dihydrostilbene 8a were also prepared. Synthesis of one such compound based on the indane system is detailed in Scheme XV. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester 17j under basic conditions gave the acid 33. The indanone 34 was then prepared by an intra-molecular Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction using the acid chloride derived from 33. The desired indane 35 was obtained by treatment of 34 with hydrogen in the presence of palladium on charcoal. Several conformationally restricted congeners of the dihydrostilbene 8a were prepared based on the 1- benzylisoquinoline ring system. In these compounds, the rotation about the trimethoxybenzene ring and the attached carbon of the stilbene moiety is restricted. Compounds 36, 37, 38, and 41 (Scheme XVI) are known compounds that resynthesized by a modification of the route originally published by Kupchan et al. Treatment of 36 with DDQ gave derivative 39, which was methylated using methyl iodine to afford compound 40.
A conformationally rigid tetrahydroprotoberberine analogue of 8a was also synthesized as shown in Scheme (XVII). Acylation of the primary amino group of 42 with acetyl chloride gave the acetamide derivative 43. A Bischler-Napieralski reaction involving the treatment of 43 with phosphorus oxychloride afforded the dihydroisoquinoline 44. Reaction of 44 with the acid chloride 45 yielded 46, which underwent the enamide photocyclization reaction to give the substituted protoberberine 47. Reduction of 47 by sequential treatment with lithium aluminum hydride and sodium borohydride yielded the desired tetrahydroprotoberberine 48. In this compound, each of the three C-C bonds connecting the two aromatic rings of the 1,2-diphenylmethane moiety is conformationally restricted.
Prior Art Structures
Cornbrciasiaiin Λ-1 (I.i) R'=R**"-|;VR I I'lccaiannol (2a)
R»= c: R- t^R^H 3.3'.5'-Tri-0-mctbylpiceaianDol (2b) R2=Mc: P.'=R3=R«=:H 4.3'^-Tri-O-mclhylpicεaιaππol (2c)
i-Ow-Co-nbtcususiin Λ-J (lb) Dibyd/oombrctasiaύn Λ-4 (lc)
- -
Schemes
Scbcmc 1
R' R-
3a: 3Λ5(OMc)3 4a: 4-OMc Ag: A-a 3b: 4-OMc 4b: 3-OMc 4b: 4-Br
4c: 3-OMc 41: -N02
4d: 2.3.4(OMc)3 4m:4-OSi(l-Bu)Me2
4c: 2-C -OMc 4π: 3-OMc
41: !1
4i:U--C6H4 = 4-pyridy1
4j:U"- ,H4 = 3-pyridy1 k: --C6iL,=2- yri yi
5a-π ■6a-n
Sclieinc II
7JI-C 4d,4o-l IC R" 7a: II 4o: 3 OMch
7b: 3.4-(OMc)2 4p: 3^-(OMc)2 7c: 3.4.5-(OMc)3 4q: 3.4^ OMc3 4r: 2. ^ OMc3 4s: 2.4,6-(OMc)3
6q-y
Scheme III
5m So R = H
•6*0 R = H
<iιn «p = Λc
Scheme IV
Schcme V
8m
Scheme VI
R- ~' coα + - iιa ?>liό™ >
9a-d lOa-c
R- R-
9a: 4-OMc 10a: 4-OMc
9b: 3.4-(OMe)2 10b: 3MOMt_ 9c: 3M M(.)2 10c: 3,4«5-(OMe)3
Jla f 12a-f Scheme VII
13j:R=Bn
13k : R=S i ( t-Bu ) Me2
Scheme VIII
15 -b 16a-b 17 a- e Scheme IX
161 l€k
Scheme >I
18
17f-g Scheme XI
20a-c 21a-b
17h-j
20a:R'-3,4,5-(OMe)3, X=CN 20b: ' = -OMe, X=COOMe 21a:R"=4-OMe 21b:R"*=3 ,4,5- (OMe) 3
Scheme XII
131-n 22a-b 23
131:4-OMe 22a :3,4,5- (OMe) 3 13ittϊ3-OMe 22b:4-OMe 13n:3,4,5-(OMe)3
Scheme XIII
25 26 27
28 29
32b:R=6-OMe 32c:R=7-OMe 32d:R-8-Ome Scheme XV
Scheme XVI
20 DDQ NaHH4
Sche e XVII
47 48
Compounds of the present invention exhibit tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. They also display anti-tumor, especially anti-cancer activity, and thus, are anti-cancer agents, useful for the treatment of cancer, as shown by the assays described hereinbelow. Pharmacological Testing
A wide variety of compounds encompassed by Formula I were synthesized and tested against five cancer cell cultures: A-549 lung carcinoma, MCF-7 breast carcinoma, HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, SKMEL-5 melanoma and MLM melanoma. Pharmacological test results are summarized in Tables I-IX. Pharmacological testing procedures utilized were as follows. Cytotoxicity Assays
An MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-4)-2-5- diphenyl-tetrazolium) calorimetric assay was employed according to the established procedure of Alley, et al. , Cancer Research, 48, February 1, 1988, pgs. 589-601; and Mosmann, T., J. Immunol. Meth., 65_, (1983), pgs. 55-63. The description of these assays described therein are incorporated herein by reference. After the addition of the samples to the cell cultures, the cells were incubated for six days before the MTT reagent was added. The assays were performed at Purdue Cell Culture Laboratory. All of the compounds were initially tested once for each of the cell lines listed in Tables I-IV. The active compounds (ED50 < 25 μM) were tested again, and the values shown for these cytotoxic substances are the averages of two determinations. Tubulin Polymerization and Colchicine Binding Assays
Electrophpretically homogeneous tubulin was purified from bovine brain as described previously by
Hamel et al.. Biochemistry, 2_3, (1984), pg. 4173.
Determination of IC50 values for the polymerization of purified tubulin was performed as described in detail by
Muzaffar et al., J. Med. Chem., 33, (1990), pgs. 567-
571, the pertinent contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In brief, tubulin was preincubated at 37°C with varying compound concentrations, reaction mixtures were chilled on ice, GTP (required for the polymerization reaction) was added, and polymerization was followed at 37°C by turbidimetry at 350 nm in
Gilford recording spectrophotometers equipped with electronic temperature controllers. Four instruments were used, and two control reaction mixtures were present in each experiment. The extent of polymerization after a 20 min incubation was determined
(the values for the two controls were usually within 5% of each other). IC50 values were determined graphically.
Active compounds were examined in at least three independent assays, while inactive compounds (defined as
IC50 value > 50 μm) were examined in at least two independent experiments. (It is to be noted that the term "inactive", as used herein does not mean that a given compound has no activity. As used herein, the term means that it has activity, but its IC50 value in a particular assay is > 50μm.) The effect of agents on the binding of [3H]colchicine (obtained from Amersham) to tubulin was measured by the DEAE-filter technique.
Among the first group of compounds tested
(i.e., 4a to 12f), eleven of them, 5a, 5b, 5e-h, 5n, 6n, 8a, 8n, and 12a were found to have significant cytotoxicity (ED50 < 1 μM in at least three cell lines). In general, cis stilbenes were more potent than the other groups of compounds, and (Z)-l-(4-methoxγphenyl)- 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (5a) was the most potent of all. Taking compound 5a as the model compound for a structure-activity relationship discussion, the presence of a 4-methoxy group in the B-ring plays a very important role for this compound to be highly cytotoxic. Transfer of the 4-methoxy group in the B-ring to the 3- or 2-position (compounds 5b and 5c) or substitution of it with H, N02, 0Si(t-Bu)Me2, OH, OAc (compounds 5f, 51, 5m, 5o and 5p) decreased the activity drastically. Similarly, introduction of a Cl group at the 2-position of 5a (compound 5e) decreased the cytotoxicity. However, when the methoxy group in the B-ring was substituted with a Cl, Br, or NMe2 group (compounds 5g, 5h, 5n), although the potency decreased they were still highly cytotoxic (ED50 < 10"1 μM) . Rotating the three A- ring methoxy groups from the 3,4,5-positions to the 2,3,4-positions reduced the cytotoxicity by more than five orders of magnitude. In another modification we replaced the B-ring of compound 5a with 4-, 3-, or 2- pyridyl rings (compounds 5i, 5j, 5k) and none of them were active (EDgo > 10 μM) . These results show that the exact locations of the four methoxy groups are very important features for the pronounced cytotoxicity of compound 5a and that changes in their locations result in decreased potency. In comparison with combretastatin A-4 (la), compound 5a was found to be approximately 140 times more cytotoxic against HT-29 cells and about 10 times more cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells than co bretastatin A-4 (la). However, 5a was found to be about 20 times less cytotoxic against A-549 cells, 30 times less cytotoxic against SKMEL-5, and 7 times less cytotoxic against MLM cells than combretastatin A-4 (la).
Except for compound 6n, trans-stilbenes had lower activity. This includes tetramethylated piceatannol (6y), and its methoxylated derivatives 6s, 6t, 6u and 6v. Only two dihydrostilbenes (compounds 8a and 8n) were found to be highly active, with 8a being the second most cytotoxic agent prepared (ED50 values about 2 X 10" μM) . Compound 8a was more cytotoxic than dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (lc) in all five cancer cell lines studied here. When the ethylene bridge in compound 8a was replaced with an amide or an aminomethylene linkage (compounds Ila, lie, 12a, 12c and other analogues), none of the amides had significant activity (ED50 > lμM) , but the N-benzylamine derivative 12a possessing the closest structural analogy to 8a was active. 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzylamine
(12a) was only an order of magnitude less cytotoxic than
8a (ED 50 in the 10"3 μM range)
The mechanism of action of the combretastatins has been shown to be at the microtubule level, since they cause cells to accumulate in apparent metaphase arrest and inhibit in vitro microtubule assembly. They bind specifically to tubulin, the major component of microtubules, at the colchicine binding site, since combretastatin A-4 (la) has been shown to competitively inhibit the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin. Initial investigation of several of the synthetic compounds prepared here revealed that they do in fact cause mitotic arrest in cell culture. A detailed quantitative study of the effects of most of these substances on tubulin polymerization was therefore performed. With the exception of compounds 5p and 12d, noncytotoxic agents had minimal effects on polymerization (IC50 values > 50 μM) , but significant inhibition of the reaction occurred with ten of the eleven highly cytotoxic compounds and with compounds 5p and 12d. Tubulin polymerization and colchicine binding inhibition data of the compounds encompassed hereby were compared with simultaneously obtained inhibitory data for the effects of .combretastatin A-4 (la; cf. 5a), its trans isomer (lb; cf. 6a), and its dihydro derivative (lc; cf. 8a) (Table VIII). Data are presented as well for podophyllotoxin, a potent tubulin inhibitor which binds at the colchicine site, and for thiocolchicine, a particularly potent colchicinoid which has reproducibly yielded the lowest IC50 value in the polymerization assay for agents binding to the colchicine binding site.
Compound 5a is a most potent new agent as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, with an IC50 value (2.2 μM) essentially indistinguishable from those of combretastatin A-4 and podophyllotoxin and somewhat higher than that of thiocolchicine. This is in agreement both with compound 5a possessing one of the highest cytotoxicity of the new compounds and with its close similarity to combretastatin A-4 (la) in its overall effects on the cell lines evaluated. The difference in IC50 values between the two dihydrostilbene compounds lc and 8a was more noticeable. The combretastatin A-4 analog lc had an IC50 value of 3.3 μM, only modestly lower than the IC50 value of combretastatin A-4, but the corresponding hydrogenation of compound 5a to yield compound 8a resulted in an almost 4-fold increase in the IC5E„0 value, from 2.2 to 7.9 μ rM.
Similarly, the modest reduction in activity in the cis stilbene 5n as compared to combretastatin A-4 (la) (3.5 versus 1.9 μM) was not reflected in the dihydrostilbene analog 8n, which had an IC50 value of 29 μM. Cis stilbene compounds 5b, 5e, 5g, and 5h were also active as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, while the remaining ten cis stilbenes had less activity. It should be noted that, with the exception of the most potent agents (la and 5a), there was only qualitative agreement between the tubulin polymerization and cell culture assays. For example, while dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (compound lc) was more effective than compound 8a as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, the latter agent was more cytotoxic with the cell lines studied here. Similarly, although the halogenated cis stilbenes 5e, 5g and 5h were not much less active than la and 5a as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, they were about 1000-fold less cytotoxic.
The cytotoxic compounds gave reproducible results in the tubulin polymerization assay with the exception of the trans stilbenes lb and 6n. Initial evaluation of these compounds in the tubulin polymerization assay yielded results concordant with the cytotoxicity data, although the apparent IC50 value obtained in the polymerization assay for 6n was difficult to reproduce and that for lb initially obtained in the current experiments was lower than that obtained previously. It was found that both'lb and 6n solutions increased in activity with storage, and that, when care was taken to evaluate the solutions immediately after their preparation, neither trans stilbene was able to significantly inhibit tubulin polymerization. This suggested that both compounds were unstable in solution, and that more active agents might be formed during their storage. The cytotoxic properties of these two agents may similarly result from chemical changes in solution. 500 MHz MR analysis of 6n in solution demonstrated significant formation of the cis isomer 5n. The ratio of 6n:5n was 1:1 after 24 hours of the dissolution of pure 6n in DMSO at room temperature. In a separate analysis of the stability of compound lb in DMSO at room temperature (well protected from light), H NMR analysis over a period of one month at frequent intervals confirmed the formation of about 3% and 10% of the cis isomer (compound la) after two and four weeks, respectively.
Compounds 5a and 8a can be taken as standards for structure activity comparisons of cis stilbenes and dihydrostilbenes, respectively, in the tubulin polymerization assay. Without exception, when the same modified analog was available in both series, a greater loss of activity occurred in the dihydrostilbene than in the analogous cis stilbene (cf. 5b and 6b; 5f and 6f; 5n and 6n; 5p and 6p) .
In the cis stilbene series, a shift of a single methoxy group in the A ring, from position 5 to position 2, yielded an inactive agent (5d). When the B ring methoxy group was shifted from position 4' to position 3', there was a 4-fold drop in activity (compound 5b; IC50, 8.8 μM) . When the B ring methoxy group was eliminated, there was a much larger drop in activity (compound 5f; IC50, 36 μM) , while its placement at the 2' position yielded the compound 5c, which exhibited low activity. Addition of a Cl at position 2* (compound 5e) or replacement of the methoxy group with a Cl (5g), Br (5h), or NMe2 (5n) group resulted in small reductions in antibutulin activity. Demethylation of the 4'-methoxy group led to compound 5o, and its replacement with an acetyloxy group yielded a weak inhibitor (compound 5p; IC50, 29 μM) .
Turning to the dihydrostilbene series, replacement of the B ring methoxy group with an amino group (compound 8z) resulted in lower activity, but activity was increased if the amino group was converted to a dimethylamino group (compound 8n; cf. 5n) . Addition of one (compound 8s) or two (compounds 8t-8v) additional methoxy groups to the B ring also resulted in lower activity. An enhancement of antitubulin activity in the 5a/8a structure was obtained by modification of the substituents on the B-phenyl ring by the addition of a single hydroxy group at position 3' (as occurs in combretastatin A-4 (la) and dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (lc)) or addition of two hydroxy groups in a vicinal diol arrangement at positions 2' and 3' (as occurs in combretastatin A-l and B-l).
Replacement of the ethylene bridge connecting the two aromatic rings in compound 8a with amide or aminomethylene units as represented by compounds Ila, lid and 12c resulted in lower inhibitory activity in the tubulin polymerization assay. On the other hand. replacement of the ethylene bridge of 8a with an aminomethylene unit with the alternative orientation shown in compound 12a resulted in only a 3-fold loss of activity (increase in the IC50 value from 7.9 μM for compound 8a to 23 μM for compound 12a) . Comparing compound 12a to compound 12d indicates that only a small loss of activity occurs with elimination of the 4- methoxy group of the A ring (IC50 of 29 μM without the methoxy group as opposed to 23 μM) . However, the presence of a 4-methoxy group on the aniline partition of the benzylanilines increases activity.
Combretastatin A-4 (la) and compound lc inhibit the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin. Therefore Formula I compounds were evaluated in this assay too. The Formula I compounds relative activity as inhibitors of colchicine binding correlated well with their activity as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. The mechanism of action of the new compounds, like that of the combretastatins, thus appears to involve an interaction of the drug with the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Only compound 5a, however, approached the nearly total inhibition of colchicine binding observed with equimolar combretastatin A-4 (la).
With the compounds described here, as with the combretastatins and other classes of antimitotic agents, there is only partial agreement between cytotoxicity and effects on tubulin, the presumptive target molecule. Seven of the most cytotoxic agents (compounds 5a, 5b, 5e, 5g, 5h, 5n and 8a) were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, and, except for the trans-stilbene 6n, no compound indicated to be inactive, as defined herein. as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization had significant cytotoxic activity. Nevertheless, compounds 8n and 12a were strongly cytotoxic yet had only modest inhibitory effects on tubulin polymerization. Similarly, the structural differences between compounds 12a and 12d yielded only minor differences in antitubulin activity but resulted in major changes in their cytotoxic properties.
Besides the clear analogy of the compounds described here to the combretastatins, the activity observed in compound 5n, and to a lesser extent in compound 8n, suggests a relationship to the benzylbenzodioxole class of agents synthesized by Jurd. (See Jurd et al., J. Argic. Food Chem., 2 , 1979, pg. 1007-1016 and Jurd, L. , J. Heterocycl. Chem. 22!, 1985, pg. 993.) Among the active tubulin inhibitors were compounds 13, 14 and 15 with the latter having the dimethylamino substituent in common with 5n.
The relative potencies 5a > 8a > 6a for these cis, dihydro, and trans compounds as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization are in agreement with the relative potencies previously observed for combretastatin A-4 (la) and dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (lc) and our finding herein that freshly dissolved trans-combretastatin A-4 (lb) has some activity. Without wishing to be bound, it is assumed that the flexibility of the dihydro compound 8a allows it to adopt a conformation resembling the cis isomer 5a, which explains why compound 8a is more cytotoxic and potent as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor than the trans isomer compound 6a. The relative potencies 5a > 8a > 6a for these cis, dihydro, and trans compounds, respectively. as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization were also reflected in the results of the cytotoxicity assays. These relative potencies of 5a > 8a > 6a in the cytotoxicity assays are also in agreement with the relative cytotoxicities of la > lc previously reported for L1210 murine leukemia cells in the combretastatin series, although in that study lb was intermediate in cytotoxic activity between la and lc.
As mentioned above, modifications were performed on (Z)-l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (5a) by rotating the four methoxy groups of both A- and B-rings to different positions and it was established that their locations as in compound 5a were essential for the pronounced cytotoxicity and antitubulin activity of 5a. As an extension of that investigation, additional cis stilbene derivatives were synthesized in which the 5-0Me or 4-0Me substituents were removed (compounds 15h and 15i, respectively) and these changes resulted in complete loss (15h:EDS0 > 25 μM in all cell lines) or significant reduction (15i:ED50 in the 10"1 μM range) of the cytotoxicity. It is noteworthy that the ability of 15i to inhibit tubulin polymerization (IC503.8 μM) is not greatly reduced relative to that of 5a (IC502.5 μM) , while that of 15h (IC50 18 μM) is about an order of magnitude less than that of 5a. It should be noted that the second series of cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization experiments were performed independently of the first series in DMSO. Therefore, studies with both 5a and combretastatin A-4 were repeated as internal controls. In the cytotoxicity experiments significantly higher ED50 values were obtained for both compounds in the later studies.
Next, major efforts were directed toward replacement of the 4-OMe group of the B-ring. In this line, seven cis stilbenes were prepared by substituting the methoxy group with OEt, O-n-Pr, SMe, Me, Et, i- propyl, or t-butyl groups (compounds 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g, respectively). Substitution with a large group like t-butyl or O-benzyl (15g and 15j) resulted in the reduction of cytotoxicity by about 3 to 4 orders or magnitude and it greatly diminished ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 40 μM) . However, the compounds 15a-f were highly cytotoxic in all five cancer cell cultures, with potencies from 100 times less than to equal to that of combretastatin A-4. Replacement of the OMe of the B-ring with an SMe group (compound 15c) resulted in a compound which was as cytotoxic as the parent compound 15a in the A-549 and MLM cell cultures. However, the thiomethyl compound was about one order of magnitude less cytotoxic than 5a in the MCF cell culture, while being about one order of magnitude more potent that 5a in HT-29 cells and two orders of magnitude more potent in SKMEL-5 cells. The thiomethyl compound 15c is an analogue of thiocolchicine, which is more potent as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and is more cytotoxic in certain cell cultures than colchicine. Substitution with i-propyl (compound 15f) decreased the cytotoxicity somewhat (ED50 7.0 x 10~2 to 4.7 x 10"4 μM range), as did substitution with an O-n-propyl group (compound 15b). In addition to cytotoxicity, compounds 15a-f retained significant tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity relative to 5a. The decreased anti-tubulin activity of the 4-isopropyl compound 15f and the lack of activity of the 4-tert-butγl compound 15g demonstrates that an increase in steric bulk at this position results in a decrease in activity. Of particular interest is the enhancement of antitubulin activity which occurred with a reduction in size of the 4-substituent in the B-ring. The only new compound more effective than the parent compound 5a as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization was 15d, in which a methyl group replaced the 4-methoxy group of 5a. The potency of this agent as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor was equivalent to combretastatin A-4 (lb), the natural product, even though it lacks the adjacent hydroxyl group in the fi¬ ring.
Consistent with earlier observations, all the trans stilbenes (compounds 16a-l) were less potent than their corresponding cis isomers. Compounds 16a, 16c and 16f showed moderate cytotoxicity (in 1.0 x 10" μM range) in at least three cell lines and the other compounds were less potent.
Turning to the cis stilbenes with substitution on the olefinic bridge (Table V) , introduction of substitutions on either the 1 or 2 position of the olefin reduced the cytotoxicity by from one to at least 5 orders of magnitude. In separate experiments, a COOH group was introduced on position 1 or 2 of the olefinic linkage and this resulted in the formation of compounds 23a and 23c (ED50 1.9 to > 25 μM) . However, when the COOH group of compound 23a was converted to the methyl ester (compound 24a) or the N-methylamide (compound 24c), the cytotoxicity increased 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in at least four cell cultures (as compared to 23a). Compounds 24a and 24c had ED50 values of 5.0 x 10"2 to 6.4 x 10"3 μM in A-549, MCF-7, HT-29, and SKMEL-5 cell cultures. However, the dimethylaminoethyl or diethylaminoethyl esters (compounds 24e and 24f) or the N-ethylamide (compound 24d) of compound 23a did not show considerable cytotoxicity. Transfer of the B-ring methoxy group in compound 23a to the 3-position (compound 23b) resulted in about 10 to 100-fold increase in the cytotoxicity in three cell lines and similar movement in compound 24a (compound 24b) reduced the cytotoxicity by 100 to 1000-fold.
Among the dihydrostilbene analogues of 8a (Table III), five compounds (17a, 17c-e and 17h) had ED50 values of less than 1 μM in at least four cell lines, with 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- propanonitrile (17h) being the most potent, both as a cytotoxic agent and as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. However, this compound was about 10 to 100- fold less cytotoxic than l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (8a), although its activity as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50 11 μM) was not decreased much relative to that of 8a (IC507.9 μM) . While in the cis stilbene series, substitution of the fi¬ ring methoxy with ethoxy, methyl, of ethyl reduced cytotoxicity by a maximum of two orders of magnitude, similar changes in the dihydrostilbene derivatives (compounds 17a, 17d and 17e) reduced cytotoxicity about 100 to 1000-fold. These dihydro compounds were also less potent as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In the absence of the 3-hydroxyl group in the B-ring of combretastatin A-4 we have routinely observed a much larger loss of anti-tubulin activity upon reduction of the cis-stilbene to the dihydrostilbene than the approximately 50% loss of activity that occurs when combretastatin A-4 is reduced. Similarly, substitution with 0-n-propyl, SMe, 0(CH2)2NMe2 or 0(CH2)2NEt2 groups (compounds 17b, 17c, 17f and 17g) also decreased cytotoxicity. Introduction of a CN group adjacent to the A-ring of 8A (compound 17h) reduced cytotoxicity by 10 to 100-fold, but a similar introduction of CN group adjacent to the B-ring (compound 17i) reduced cytotoxicity by 10,000-fold and, in contrast to 17h, the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity of 17i (IC50 > 40 μM) was compromised relative to that of 8a. This relationship is identical to that observed when hydroxyl groups were introduced into corresponding positions in dihydrocombretastatin A-4. Conversion of the cyano group in compound 17i to a COOMe group resulted in the formation of a compound 17j (ED50 > 25 μM in all cell cultures, IC50 > 40 μM in the tubulin polymerization inhibition assay) .
Several stilbenes and dihydrdstilbenes containing acidic and basic groups were synthesized in an effort to obtain substances that could be more readily formulated. Included were 17f-g, 23a-c and 24e- f. None of these compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization significantly, and they were also in general not particularly cytotoxic.
In another set of modifications, the two- carbon bridge in l-(4-methoxyphenγl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (8a) was reduced to a one carbon bridge (compounds 27, 28 and 29, Table VI). All of these compounds were less potent than 8a. 3,4,4* ,5- Tetra-methoxybenzophenone (27) was about 100 times less cytotoxic than 8a, although its tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity (IC507.4 μM) was essentially identical to that of 8a (IC507.9 μM) . Conversion of 27 to the alcohol 28 reduced cytotoxicity by another 100 times and also resulted in lower tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity (IC50 > 40 μM) . Hydrogenolysis of alcohol 28 to 4-methoxyphenyl-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)methane (29) increased the activity in the MCF-7, HT-29, and SKMEL systems to that comparable with 27, and increased the activity in the A-549 and MLM cell cultures. These effects on cytotoxicities were reflected in the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity of 29 (IC50 15 μM) relative to that of 28 (IC50 > 40 μM) .
The antitubulin activities of the conformationally restricted analogues of the stilbene 5a and the dihydrostilbene 8a are included in Table VII. The data indicate that the active conformation of the stilbene 5a does not approach being planar, and involves a conformation in which at least one of the phenyl rings is twisted out of the plane of the other phenyl ring. In this context, it should be pointed out that the planar conformation of 5a is a high energy species due to a nonbonded interaction between the protons of the two aromatic rings that are ortho to the bridge. Consequently, a totally planar conformation of 5a is not expected to exist to any appreciable extent. The X-ray structure of combretastatin A-l reveals that the normals to the least squares planes of the two phenyl rings are inclined 66° to each other. This likely represents a low energy conformation which may be involved in binding at the receptor site. Consistent with this hypothesis is the well documented and recognized fact that, the planes of the trimethoxy-benzene ring and the other oxygen-substituted ring in podophyllotoxin, colchicine, steganacin, and combretastatin A-4 exist in similar dihedral relationships, so that these natural products resemble each other structurally to some extent when bound at the receptor site.
The results also imply that in the active conformation of 8a the dihedral angle between the two bridge bonds connected to the aromatic rings approaches 0°, so that the conformation would resemble the structure of the cis alkene 5a. This might explain the lower activity of the indane derivative 35, since in this case the dihedral angle between the relevant bonds would be closer to 120°. The lower inactivity of the benzylisoquinolines shown in Scheme XVI is more difficult to rationalize on conformational grounds because the benzyl group is more conformationally mobile. However, the tetrahydroprotoberberine system 48 is more conformationally restricted, with a dihedral angle between the relevant bonds labeled "a" and "b" in structure 48 of about 165°.
The low activity of the compounds in Table VII as tubulin polymerization inhibitors was reflected in their low cytotoxicites. None of these compounds had ED50 values of less than 1 μM in any of the cell cultures.
Modifications can be made in the structure of combretastatin A-4 (lb) and its tetramethoxy analogue (5a) without substantially comprising cytotoxic and antitubulin activity. The cis-stilbene and benzylaniline configuration is most preferred, and all bridge substituents that have been tried to date r *educe activity. The methoxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 in the A ring is preferred and substitution at positions 4 in the B ring is also highly preferred.
Table I continued
Table II. Trans Stilbenes
Table II. Trans Stilbenes
Table II continued
>25 >25 17.8 >25 >25 104-105
>25 >25 >25 >25 >25 118-120 16.4 19.4 11.7 10.2 21 129-131
Ul
Table UL Dihydrostilbenes
Table in continued
Table IV.
Table v
Cytotoxicity (ED50 in μM) mp Inhibition of
No. R' oc Tubulin Polymerization
A-549 MCF-7 HT-29 SKME -5 MLM ICJO (μM) (± SD.)
24e COHCHj Etϊ 2 f COCXCH2)2 Me2 H
Cytotoxicity (ED50 in μM) mp Inhibition of
No. °C Tubulin Poly-nerizaiion
A-549 MCF-7 HT-29 SKMEL-5 MLM IC50 (μM) (± S J).)
Table VII
Cytotoxicity (ED50 in μM) mp Inhibition of
No. °C Tubulin Polymerization
A-549 MCF-' K7-29 SKMEL-5 MLM IC50 μM (± S. D.)
32a
32b
32C
32d
33
34
35
37
38
39
40
Table VIII
Effects of compounds 5a. 5b. 5e. 5f.5g. SII, Sn, 5p, 6a, 6n, 8a, 8n. 12a, 12c and lid on tubulin polymerization and on the binding of radiolafoeled colchicine to tubulin
10
15
20
25
30
The ICso values for tubulin polymerization was determined as described in die text, with full details presented elsewhere.31 For the colchicine binding assay, reaction mixtures (in triplicate) contained 1 |iM tubulin, 5 μM pHJoolchicine, and 5 μM inhibitor and were inαibaicd for 10 min at 37 °C prior to analysis. -3- Further details liavc lκαι dcsciilicd p-cviousl .33 357
-63-
Table IX
Inhibition of
Compound No. Tubulin Polymerization
A second set of experiments was performed with these compounds for the studies presented in this Table-
Table X . Cjtotojάdties and Antitibulm Activities of Schiff Basel, Benxylaniliiies, and Benz laniline Hydrocblorides
In the footnote of footer b, k, B, D and E are as follows:
Tible XI • CjtotMlcUlM •* *• Mtthyl- V-(3.4.S-trltBetl.o«ybt . lyDanlllni hydrocMorlde (110a) ptneVCdlUnβ LogioOISO
Other benzylanilines have also been tested. The results are indicated in Table X. More specifically, the effects on cell growth and tubulin polymerization of five Schiff bases 108, five amines 109, and seven hydrochlorides 110 are summarized in Table X. These compounds were examined for cytotoxicity in the human cancer cell lines HL-60 (TB) leukemia, NCI- H522 non-small cell lung cancer, DMS 273 small cell lung cancer, COLO 205 colon cancer, SF-295 CNS cancer, M14 melanoma, OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer, and CAKI-1 renal cancer using the assays described hereinabove. Inhibitor of tubulin polymerization was examined using electrophoretically homogeneous tubulin from bovine brain, using the assays described hereinabove.
With the amines 109a-e and the corresponding hydrochloride salts llOa-g, potency as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor inversely correlated with the size of the R substituent in the C-4 position of the aniline ring. The smaller the substituent, the higher the potency. Among the highly soluble hydrochloride salts, 4-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline hydrochloride (110a) was the most potent of the compounds studied (IC503.5μm). The 4-ethyl (110b, IC50 7.2μm), 4-methoxy (110c, 8.9 μm) , 4-ethoxy (110d, ll.Oμm), and 4-thiomethγl (llOe, 16.0μm) analogues had less activity. This trend between the potencies of the compounds as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and the size of the aniline substituent R was reflected remarkably well by the cytotoxicities in all of the cancer cell cultures studied. The smaller the substituent, the higher the cytotoxicity. These relationships generally held for the corresponding free bases 109a-e, except that the compound with the ethyl substituent (109b) was more effective (IC503.0μm) against tubulin polymerization than the analog with the methyl substituent (109a, IC50 β.Oμm).
A more extensive analysis of the cytotoxicities of the most potent benzylaniline hydrochloride 110a is detailed in Table XI. A total of 55 cell lines from the leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, CNS cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, and renal cancer panels were examined. As can be seen from the results in Table XI, the cytotoxicity was broad in scope, although 110a was clearly most cytotoxic (log10 GI50 < -7;00) in the HL-60 (TB) leukemia, K-562 leukemia, DMS 273 small cell lung cancer, M14 melanoma, ACHN renal cancer, and CAKI-1 renal cancer cell cultures. It therefore appears that benzylaniline hydrochloride salt 110a is an uncommonly simple, water soluble tubulin polymerization inhibitor which is cytotoxic to a variety of animal cancer models.
Without wishing to be bound to any mechanism, the compounds encompassed in Formula I have been determined to be effective inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. In other words, the compounds of the present invention interact effectively with the colchicine binding site of tubulin thus they represent potential antimitotic agents which may inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
Pharmaceutical Formulations
The present new compounds form salts with acids when a basic amino function is present and salts with bases when an acid function, i.e., carboxyl, is present. All such salts are useful in the isolation and/or purification of the new products. Of particular value are the pharmaceutically acceptable salts with both acids and bases. Suitable acids include, for example, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, benzenesulfonic, toluene-sulfonic, acetic, maleic, tartaric and the like which are pharmaceutically acceptable. Basic salts for pharmaceutical use are the Na, K, Ca and Mg salts, and the like.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise the compounds encompassed by Formula I and an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier. The carrier can be any of those conventionally used and is limited only by chemico-physical considerations such as solubility and lack of reactivity with the compound and by the route of administration.
For intravenous administration, the carrier will be agueous and may contain solubilizing agents, buffers, preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents, and agents to control the tonicity, such as dextrose or sodium chloride. The requirements for effective pharmaceutical carriers for injectable compositions are well known to one of ordinary skill in this art. (See "Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice", J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1982, edited by Banker and Chalmers, pages 238-250, which are incorporated by reference, also see ASHP "Handbook of Injectable Drugs" 4th Edition by Trissel, pages 622-630, which lists commercially available intravenous infusion solutions, these pages are incorporated by reference. )
The active ingredients of the therapeutic compositions and the compounds of the present invention exhibit excellent anti-cancer activity when administered in amounts ranging from about 0.001 mg to about 10.0 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A preferred dosage regimen for optimum results would be from about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and such dosage units are employed that a total of from about 0.1 mg to about 1.0 mg per kilogram of the active compound for a subject of about 70 kg of body weight are administered in a 24-hour period in single or divided doses. This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response and is preferably administered one to three times a day. For example, several divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. A decided practical advantage is that the active compound may be administered in a convenient manner such as by the oral, intravenous (where water soluble) , intramuscular or subcutaneous routes.
The active compound may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or with an assimilable edible carrier, or it may be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsule, or it may be compressed into tablets, or it may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet. For oral therapeutic administration, the active compound may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 1 % of active compound. The percentage of the compositions and preparations may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 5 to about 80 % of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions or preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit form contains between 5 and 1000 mg of active compound.
The tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following: A binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring. When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier. Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor. Of course, any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed. In addition, the active compound may be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and formulations. For example, sustained release dosage forms are contemplated wherein the active ingredient is bound to an ion exchange resin which, optionally, can be coated with a diffusion barrier coating to modify the release properties of the resin.
The active compound may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, but the use of a coating such as lecithin; by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and anti ungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as. required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredient into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and the freeze-drying technique which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the novel dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active material for the treatment of disease in living subjects having a diseased condition in which bodily health is impaired as herein disclosed in detail.
The principal active ingredient is compounded for convenient and effect administration in effective amounts with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in dosage unit form as hereinbefore disclosed. A unit dosage form can, for example, contain the principal active compound in amounts ranging from about 5 to about 1000 mg, with from about 5 to about 250 mg being preferred. In the case of compositions containing supplementary active ingredients, the dosages are determined by reference to the usual dose and manner of administration of the said ingredients. For a better understanding of the present invention together with other and further objects, reference is made to the following description and examples.
Experimental Section - Compound Preparation
Melting points were determined in capillary tubes on a Mel-Temp apparatus and are uncorrected. Spectra were obtained as follows: CI mass spectra on a Finnegan 4000 spectrometer; XH NMR spectra on a Chemagnetics A-200 or Nicolet QE-300 or Varian VXR-500S spectrometers with TMS as an internal standard in CDC13 or DMSO-d6; IR spectra were obtained on a Beckman IR-33 spectrophotometer. Microanalyses were performed at the Purdue Microanalysis Laboratory, and all values were within ± 0.4% of the calculated composition. All organic solvents were appropriately dried and/or purified prior to use. Diethyl benzylphosphonate 7a, aryl aldehydes 4a-t and 1 M solution of tetra-n- butylammonium fluoride in THF were obtained from commercial sources. Compounds 7b-c were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding benzyl bromides and triethyl phosphite. Phosphonium bromides 3a-b were prepared by stirring a mixture of triphenyl phosphine and the corresponding benzyl bromides in toluene. Combretastatin A-4 and its trans isomer were obtained from Prof. G. R. Pettit, Arizona State University. Compound lc was prepared as described previously. Podophyllotoxin was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. , and thiocolchicine was from Roussel-Uclaf. Preparative silica gel tic plates (200 micron) were purchased from Analtech.
General procedure for the preparation of Z- Stilbenes 5a-n and E-Stilbenes 6a-n. Sodium hydride (72 mg, 3 mmol) was added in portions to a well-stirred suspension of phosphonium bromide 3a-b (2.0 mmol) and aryl aldehyde (2.0 mmol) in benzene (20 mL) under argon atmosphere at 0-5°C, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After an additional stirring for 16 h, excess sodium hydride was quenched by the addition of methanol (1 mL) . Solvents from the reaction mixture were evaporated at reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent. Products 5d and 51 were obtained as solids, and all the other cis stilbenes were obtained as viscous oils.
(Z)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethene (5a): 400 mg; 66%; oil: H NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.25 (d, J=9 Hz, 2 H), 6.80 (d, J=9 Hz, 2 H) , 6.53 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 6.51 (s, 2 H) , 6.44 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H) , 3.69 (s, 6 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 301 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClβH20O4) C, H.
(Z)-1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (5b): 410 mg; 69%; oil; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.18 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H) , 6.91-6.83 (m, 2 H) , 6.78- 6.72 (m, 1 H), 6.58 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.50 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.70 (s, 3 H) , 3.67 (s, 6 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5159.94, 153.29, 139.63, 137.63, 132.84, 130.67, 130.22, 129.63, 121.79, 114.24, 113.46, 106.42, 61.06, 56.01, 55.26; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 301 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C18H20O4) C, H.
(Z)-1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (5c): 440 mg; 73%; oil: XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.27-7.20 (m, 2 H) , 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1 H) , 6.82 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.54 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.47 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.63 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 301 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C18H2Q04) C, H. ( Z ) -1- ( 4-Methoxyphenyl ) -2- ( 2 , 3 , 4-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (5d) : 460 mg; 77%; mp 55-7°C; XH NMR (CDC13,.200 MHz) 57.19 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2 H) , 6.94 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.75 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2 H) , 6.52 (s, 2 H) , 6.49 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H) , 3.90 (s, 3 H) , 3.88 (s, 3 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 301 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClβH20O4) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 2-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl ) -2- (2 , 3 , 4- trimethoxyphenyl ) ethene (5e) : 420 mg; 63%; oil; H NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.21 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1 H) , 6.96 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.67 (dd, 1 H) , 6.59 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.57 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.42 (s, 2 H) , 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H), 3.66 (s, 6 H) . Anal. (ClβH19C104) C, H.
( Z ) - l-Phenyl-2- (3,4,5 -trimethoxyphenyl ) ethene (5f): 270 mg; 50%; oil; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.35- 7.25 (m, 5 H), 6.61 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.50 (d, J=12.2
Hz, 1 H), 6.47 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.65 (s, 6 H) ; 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5153.27, 137.86, 137.12, 132.84, 130.48, 130.36, 129.28, 128.62, 127.51, 106.35, 61.09, 55.96; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 271 (MH+, 100). Anal.
( Z ) -1- ( 4-Chlorophenγl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 ,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (5g) : 7 mg; 50%; oil; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.23, (s, 4 H) , 6.55 (d, J=12 Hz, H) , 6.49 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.68 (s, 6 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5153.43, 137.77, 136.17, 133.19, 132.53, 131.20, 130.74, 128.96, 128.75, 106.26, 61.10, 56.05; Anal. (C1?H17C103) C, H.
( Z ) - 1- ( 4-Bromophenyl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 , 5 -trimethoxy¬ phenyl ) ethene (5h) : 363 mg; 52%; oil; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.38 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 7.16 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 6.56 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.47 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.44 (S, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.68 (s, 6 H) ; 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5153.42, 137.77, 136.63, 132.49, 131.71, 131.28, 131.02, 128.98, 121.29, 106.25, 61.09, 56.05; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 350 (93) 348 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H17Br03) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 4-Pyridyl ) -2- (3,4 , 5 -trimethoxyphenyl ) - ethene (5i): 277 mg; 51%; oil^H NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 58.49 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2 H) , 7.18 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2 H) , 6.69 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.48 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.42 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.66 (s, 6H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 272 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C16H17N03) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 3-Pyridyl ) -2- (3,4, 5 -trimethoxyphenyl ) - ethene (5j): 292 mg; 54%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 58.53 (s, 1 H), 8.43 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.18 (dd, Jχ=4.8 Hz, J2=7.9 Hz, 1 H) , 6.67 (d=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.53 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.41 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.67 (s, 6 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 272 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C16H17N03) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 2-Pyridγl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 , 5-trimethoxyphenyl ) - ethene (5k): 351 mg; 65%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) d 8.64 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 1 H) , 7.58-7.54 (dt, Jχ=7.5 Hz, J2=1.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.32-7.30 (m, 1 H) , 7.17-7.15 (in, 2 H) , 6.~79 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.58 (s, 2 H) , 3.89 (s, 3 H) , 3.74 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 272 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C16H17N03) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 4-Nitrophenyl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 , 5 - trimethoxy¬ phenyl ) ethene (51): 170 mg; 27%; mp 140-142°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 300 MHz) 58.15 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 7.56 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.05 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H) , 6.95 (d, J=12 Hz, 1 H), 6.71 (s, 2 H), 3.86 (s, 6 H) , 3.82 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 316 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H17N05) C, H.
(Z)-1-[( -t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]-2- (3,4,5-trimethoxγphenyl)ethene (5m): 429 mg; 53%; oil; IR (Neat) 2g80, 2g60, 1610, 1580, 1520, 1470, 1420, 1360, 1330, 1270, 1140 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 300 MHz) d 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H) , 6.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.51 (s, 2 H), 6.41 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.7g (s, 6 H) , 0.g9 (s, 9 H), 0.14 (s, 6 H) . Anal. (C23H3204Si) C, H.
(Z)-1-[4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (5n) : 450 mg; 72%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.22 (d, J=8.g Hz, 2 H) , 6.61 (d, J=8.g Hz, 2 H), 6.58 (s, 2 H), 6.41 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.34 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.72 (s, 6 H) , 2.93 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 314 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH23N03) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (6a): 67 mg; 11%; mp 152-5°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.45 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.g7 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.gi-(d, J=16.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.gθ (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.72 (s, 2 H), 3.87 (s, 6 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 301 MH 100). Anal. (C18H20O4) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethene (61): 280 mg; 44%; mp ig2-4°C.
(E)-1-[(4-t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl]-2- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (6m): 218 mg; 27%; oil; IR (Neat) 2g80, 2g60, 1605, 1585, 1520, 1470, 1420, 1340, 1320, 1270, 1170, 1130, 1010 cm"1; *H NMR (CDC13, 300 MHz) 56.8 (d, J=16.5 Hz, 1 H) , 6.81 (d, J=16.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.76 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.64 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.79 (s, 6 H) , 0.92 (s, 9 H), 0.14 (s, 6 H). Anal. (C23H3204Si) C, H.
(E)-l-[4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (6n): 145 mg; 23%; mp 114-5°C; IR (KBr) 3000, 2980, 2940, 2860, 1600, 1580, 1520, 1340, 1240, 1120, 960 cm"1; XH NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) 57.42 (d, J=8.85 Hz, 2 H), 7.10 (d, J=16.3 Hz, 1 H) , 6.92 (d, J=16.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.61 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 6 H), 3.67 (s, 3 H), 2.94 (s, 6 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 314 (MH+, 100), 313 (72). Anal. C19H23N03) C, H.
(Z)-1-(4-Hydroxypheny1)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (5o): A solution of N-Bu4NF in THF (1 M, 2 mL, 2 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of silyl ether 5 m (372 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at room temperature and the stirring was continued for 30 min. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure, the resulting residue was treated with 20 mL of water and the product was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL) . The EtOAc solution was dried (MgS04) , concentrated and the residue was crystallized from EtOAc/hexane to give 5 n (217 mg, 76%); mp 148-150°C; IR (KBr) 3440, 3020, 2940, 2840, 1610, 1580, 1510, 1420, 1330, 1230, 1160, 1120, 980, 790, 750 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.40 (bs, 1 H), 7.24 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 7.10 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 6.60-6.30 (m, 4 H), 3.80 (s, 6 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane m/e 287 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H1804) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Hydroxypheny1)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethene (6o): Using the same procedure described for 5o, compound 6o was prepared from 6 m in 1 mmol scale (228 mg, 80%); mp 188-gθ°C. General procedure for the preparation of acetates (5p & 6p) : A solution of n-Bu4NF in THF (1 M, 2 mL, 2 mmol) was added to a solution of stilbenes 5m/6m (400 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 0°C. After 30 min., acetic anhydride (0.5 mL) was added, and the stirring was continued at room temperature for 24 h. Solvents were evaporated at reduced pressure, and the residue was mixed with water (50 mL) . The product was extracted with ether (2 x 25 mL) , and the ether solution was washed with water (2 x 100 mL) . Evaporation of the solvents and purification of the crude product by preparative TLC using 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes as the eluent afforded the desired products.
(Z)-1-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (5p) : 93 mg; 28%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.30 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H), 6.98 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H), 6.57 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.47 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 2 H), 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.67 (s, 6 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 329 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2005) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxγ- phenyl)ethene (6p): 114 mg; 34%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.51 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 7.09 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 6.99 (s, 2 H), 6.73 (s, 2 H), 3.92 (s, 6 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H), 2.31 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 329 (MH+, 100). Anal. C19H20O5) C, H.
General procedure for the preparation of 6q-y: A solution of phosphonate esters 7a-c (12 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) was added to a magnetically stirred solution of NaOMe (0.65 g, 12 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) at 0°C and the solution was stirred for 30 min. A solution of aldehyde 4d/4o-t (10 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) was added at 0°C, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over a period of 1.5 h. The mixture was heated at 95-100°C for 1 h and left overnight at room temperature. The mixture was poured slowly onto crushed ice, and the precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water, dried and crystallized from EtOAc- hexane.
(E)-1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethene (6q): 1.64 g; 68%; mp 106-8°C.
(E)-l-Phenyl-2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (6r): 2.34 g; 87%; mp 79-82°C; IR (KBr) 3020, 3000, 2g80, 2940, 2840, 1600, 1510, 1470, 1420, 1300, 1260, 1230, 1090, 1030, 1000, 980 cm"1; XH NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) 57.60-7.50 (m, 2 H) , 7.40-7.20 (m, 5 H), 6.9 (d, J=60.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.70 (d, J=16.5 Hz, 1 H) , 3.91 (s, 3 H) , 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.89 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 271 (MH 100). Anal. (C17Hlfl03) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Aminophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (6z): Lithium aluminum hydride (76 mg, 2 mmol) was added to a solution of nitro stilbene 61 (270 mg, 0.87 mmol) in THF (25 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure, and the residue was decomposed by careful addition of ice water (20 mL) containing 2 mL of glacial acetic acid. The red solid formed was filtered and crystallized from CH2Cl2-ether to give 6z (200 mg, 82%); mp 251-3°C; IR (KBr) 3440, 3400, 3000, 2920, 2820, 1600, 1580, 1510, 1340, 1240, 1130, 990, 950, 830 cm"1; XH NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) 57.87 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.59 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H) , 7.08 (d, J-16.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.01 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1 H) , 6.71 (s, 2 H) , 3.87 (s, 6 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 286 (MH , 100). Anal. (C17HχgN03) C, H.
General procedure for the preparation of dihydrostilbenes 8. A solution of stilbene 5 and 6 (1 mmol) in EtOAc (25 mL) was hydrogenated at 40 psi in the presence of 10% Pd-C (30 mg) until the uptake of hydrogen ceased (4h). The solution was filtered and concentrated to obtain the dihydrostilbenes 8 almost as single components.
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethane (8a): 280 mg; 93%; mp 73-5°C; JH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.10 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.83 (d, J=8.5 Hz,. 2 H), 6.36 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.82 (s, 6 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 4 H) ; 13C NMR (CDC13, 50- MHz) 5158.53, 153.62, 138.16, 136.68, 134.23, 129. 6, 114.22, 105.88, 61.16, 56.31, 55.52, 38.85, 37.33; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 303 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClβH2204) C, H. l-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5-tri- methoxyphenyl)ethane (8n): 265 mg; 84%; oil; αH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.08 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 6.72 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H), 6.38 (s, 2 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.83 (s, 6 H), 2.92 (s, 4 H), 2.82 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 316 (MH*, 100%). Anal. (CιgH25N03) C, H.
1-(4-Aminophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxγ- phenyl)ethane (8z): A solution of nitrostilbene 61 (250 mg, 0.8 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL) was hydrogenated at 30 psi in the presence of 10% Pd-C (25 mg) at room temperature for 4 h, and the catalyst was filtered off. Evaporation of the solvent and crystallization of the residue from hexanes gave the amine 8z (180 mg, 80%); mp 84-5°C; IR (KBr) 3450, 3400, 3020, 2920, 2840, 1600,
1580, 1520, 1330, 1240, 1120, 980 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC1_, 300 MHz) d 6.98 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H) , 6.63 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 6.63 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H) , 6.37 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 9 H), 3.57 (bs, 2 H), 2.80 (s, 4 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 288 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H21N03) C, H.
1-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethane (8 m) : The amine 8z (0.574 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in dry benzene (10 mL) containing triethylamine (0.5 mL) and cooled to 0°C. Acetyl chloride (320 mg, 4 mmol) was added dropwise, and the solution was stirred for 30 min. The contents were poured into ice cold water, and the mixture was extracted with ether (25 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water, 5% sodiumbicarbonate solution, and dried (MgS04) and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from EtOAc-hexane (0.52 g, 79%); mp 112-4 °C; IR (KBr) 3450, 3000, 2930, 2840,
1670, 1600, 1580, 1510, 1340, 1120 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.52 (bs, 1 H) , 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.36 (s, 2 H) , 3.82, (s, 3 H) , 3.81 (s, 6H), 2.85 (s, 4 H), 2.14 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 330 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH23N04) C, H.
General procedure for preparation of Benzamides lla-f. Aroyl chloride 9a-d (20 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of substituted aniline lOa-c (20 mmol) in pyridine (50 mL) at room temperature, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h and poured into a mixture of ice (400 g) and hydrochloric acid (100 mL) . The precipitated product was filtered, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from CHCl3~hexane.
3,4,5-Trimethoxy-N-(4-methoxypheny1)benzamide (Ila): 5.83 g; 92%; mp 160-161°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 58.22 (bs, 1 H) , 7.50 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 7.03 (s. 2 H), 6.83 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 3.85 (s, 3 H) , 3.80 (s, 6 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 318 (MH+, 100).
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)benzamide (llc)j 5.60 g; 88%; mp 159-160°C; IR (KBr) 3300, 2980, 2940 1650, 1605, 1515, 1455, 1420, 1340, 1270, 1220, 1020, 1000 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 58.18 (bs, 1 H) , 7.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.90 (s, 2 H), 6.88 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H), 3.80 (s, 6 H) , 3.76 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 318 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17HιgN05) C, H.
General procedure for preparation of N- benzylanilines 12a-f. A solution of benzamide lla-f (5 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added to a well-stirred suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (0.285 g, 7.5 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 4 h, the reaction mixture was poured onto ice (200 g) , and the mixture was extracted with ether (3 x 20 mL) . The combined extracts were washed with water and dried (K2C03) . Evaporation of ether from the solution afforded amines 12a-f almost as single products. Analytical samples of solid products were prepared by crystallization from ether-hexane, and liquids were purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography using 2% methanol in CHC13 as eluent.
3,4,5-Trimethoxy-N-(4-methoxγphenγl)- benzylamine (12a): 1.42 g; 94%; mp 73-4°C; IR (KBr) 3400, 2990, 2920, 2220, 1600, 1510, 1460, 1420, 1330,
1260, 1230, 1120, 1110, 1030, 1000 cm"1; ^ NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 56.78 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 6.62 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 6.61 (s, 2 H), 4.21 (s, 2 H), 3.86 (bs, 1 H), 3.84 (s, 9 H), 3.74 (s, 3 H) ; 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5153.98, 152.88, 143.03, 137.50, 136.04, 115.37, 114.66, 104.77, 61.18, 56.39, 56.08, 50.00; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 304 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C1?H21N04) C, H.
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- benzylamine (12c): 1.42 g; 94%; mp 77-8°C; IR (KBr) 3380, 2980, 2960, 2940, 2820, 1605, 1580, 1520, 1460, 1440, 1255, 1225, 1130, 1110, 1010, 990 cm"1; H NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.29 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 6.88 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 5.87 (s, 2 H) , 4.22 (s, 2 H) , 3.82 (bs, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.79 (s, 6 H) , 3.76 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 304 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H21N04) C, H.
4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (13j) . A mixture of syringaldehyde (3.64 g, 20 mmol), benzyl chloride (2.52 g 20 mmol), Nai (2 g) and potassium carbonate (2.76 g, 20 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (60 mL) were refluxed for 5 h and cooled to room temperature. The solid materials were removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (230-400 mesh, 50 g) using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to obtain 13j (4.3 g, 79%); mp 62-63°C.
4-(t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyben- zaldehyde (13k). To a well-stirred solution of syringaldehyde (3.64 g, 20 mmol) and N,N-diisopropyl- ethylamine (4.87 g, 30 mmol) in dry DMF (30 mL) at 0°C, t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (3 g, 20 mmol) was added, and stirring was continued for 2 h at 0°C and at room temperature for 10 h. The mixture was poured into icewater (500 mL) , and the product was extracted with hexane (3 x 70 mL) . The combined hexane extracts were washed with water (4 x 70 mL) and dried Na2S04) . Evaporation of solvents gave compound 4k as a white crystalline solid (5.17 g, 87%). An analytical sample was prepared by recrystallization from anhydrous ethanol. mp 70-71°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 59.81 (s, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 2 H), 3.85 (s, 6 H), 0.99 (s, 9 H), 0.14 (s, 6 H). Anal. (C15H2404Si) C, H.
The following compounds were prepared in accordance with the procedure described herein. More specifically, heating 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehγde with p-substituted anilines 107a-g in refluxing toluene provided the Schiff bases 108a-g. Reduction of the imines 108a-g with sodium borohydride in ethanol at reflux gave the amines 109a-g, which were converted to the corresponding hydrochloride salts llOa-g with HCl gas in ether. All of the hydrochloride salts llOa-g were isolated as stable, crystalline solids.
Scheme
106 ιo7 a* g
llOa-g
(3h). bNΛH.eΛ.*,ol.ren»x(2h). «Hα,e*«.0-S»C00min).
'Toluene, reflux 4-Methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) aniline (108a). A mixture of compound 106 (6.0 g, 98%, 31.0 mmol) and 107a (3.21 g, 30 mmol) in ethanol (150 mL) was heated at reflux under argon for 3h. After evaporation of the solvent, the residual white solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane to give 108(a) (7.05 g, 82.4%) as white crystals: mp 74-6 °C. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.36 (s, 1 H) , 7.20 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (s, 2 H), 7.15 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.95 (s, 6 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H), 2.36 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 285 (M*, 100).
4-Ethyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)aniline (108b). A solution of 106 (6.0 g, 98%, 30 mmol) and 107b (3.63 g, 30 mmol) in ethanol (150 mL) was heated at reflux under argon for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residual oil was subjected to flash chromatography (silica gel, 230-400 mesh, ether:hexane, 4:6 by volume) to give 108b (8.1 g, 90.3%) as an oil. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.36 (s, 1 H), 7.23 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (s, 2 H),-7.15 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.94 (s, 6H), 3.91 (s, 3 H), 2.67 (q, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 1.26 (t, J=8 Hz, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 2 (M 100).
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108c) . A mixture of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzalde- hyde 106 (ig.6 g, 100 mmol) and 4-methoxyanaline (107c) (12.3 g, 100 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was heated at reflux under argon for 3 h. About half of the solvent was evaporated and the residual solution was filtered through a glass wool pad. The filtrate was left at room temperature overnight to give the crystalline (108c) (28.2 g, 93.7%): mp 78-86°C. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.36 (s, 1 H), 7.23 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.15 (s, 2 H) , 6.93 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.94 (s, 6 H) , 3.91 (s, 3 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H) . CIMS (isobutane) m/e 302 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17HlgN04)C, H,' N.
4-Ethoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108d). From 3,4,5, trimethoxybenzaldehyde 106 (6.0 g, 30 mmol) and 4-ethoxyaniline 107d (4.1 g, 30 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 108a (5.9 g, 97.4%) as yellow crystals: mp 75-7°C after recrystallization from ethanol. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.37 (s, 1 H) , 7.21 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 7.14 (s, 2 H) , 6.91 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 4.05 (q, J=6 Hz, 2 H) , 3.94 (s, 6H), 3.91 (s, 3 H), 1.43 (t, J=6 Hz, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 315 (M+,93).
4-Methylthio-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108e). From compounds 107e (5.0g, 98%, 35.2 mmol) and 106 (7.04g, 98%, 35.2 mmol), a similar procedure, as described for 108a gave 108e (11.0 g, g8.2%) as yellow solid. The analytical sample was obtained by preparative TLC (ether:hexane, 1:2 by volume, precoated silica TLC plate, 1000 microns): mp 86-88°C. XH NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) 58.54 (s, 1 H) , 7.31 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 7.23 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 7.26 (s, 2 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.73 (s, 3 H) , 2.49 (s, 3 H), 2.49 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 317 (M+, 100).
4-Isopropyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108f). From compounds 107f (4.2g, 99%, 31.0 mmol) and 106 (6.0g, 98%, 31.0 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 108a gave 108f (8.2 g, 84.5%) as a yellow solid: mp 68-70. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.37 (s, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (s, 2 H), 3.94 (s, 6 H) , 3.91 (s, 3 H) , 2.93 (sextet, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J=8 Hz, 6 H) . EIMS m/e 313 (M* 100).
4-n-Propyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108g) . From compounds 107g (4.2g, 99%, 31.0 mmol) and 106 (6.0 g, 98%, 31.0 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 108a gave 108g (8.5 g, 87.6%) as a thick oil. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 58.36 (s, 1 H), 7.20 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 7.16 (s, 2 H), 7.14 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 3.93 (s, 6 H), 3.91 (s, 3 H) , 2.60 (t, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 1.64 (sextet, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 0.95 (t, J=8 Hz, 3 H) . EIMS (M+ 100).
4-Methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109a). To a solution of (108a) (6.0 g, 21.1 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added NaBH4 (4.06 g, 98%, 105 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under argon for 2h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Saturated aqueous NaCl (30 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture extracted with ether (100, 40 and 40 mL) . The combined ether layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution (30 mL), and dried over anhydrous Na2S04. Evaporation of the filtrate gave 109a (5.6 g, 92.7%) as white crystals: mp 94-6°C after recrystallization from ethanol. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 5 7.00 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.61 (s, 2 H) , 6.58 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 4.23 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 9 H) , 2.24 (s, 3 H) . CIMS (isobutane) m/e 288 (MH+ 76).
4-Ethyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109b). From 108b (7.0 g, 23.4 mmol) and NaBH4 (4.4 g, 117 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 109a gave 109b (5.4 g, 76.6%) as white crystals: mp 64-6°C after recrystallization from ethanol. *H NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.03 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.61 (s, 2 H) , 6.62 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 4.24 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 9 H) 2.55 (q, J=8 Hz, 2 H ), 1.19 (t, J=Hz, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 301 (M+, 34).
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109c). From 108c (10.8g, 35.8 mmol) and NaBH4 (6.8 g, 179 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 109a gave 109c (10.1 g, 93.5%) as pale purple crystals. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 56.79 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.62 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.61 (s, 2 H) , 4.21 (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 9H), 3.74 (s, 3 H). CIMS (isobutane) m/e 304 (MH+, 20).
4-Ethoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109d). From the imine 108d (5.6 g, 17.8 mmol) and NaBH4 (3.4 g, 88 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 109a gave 109d (4.6g, 81.9%) as white crystals: mp 76-8°C after recrystallization from ethanol. JH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 56.78 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.62 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.61 (s, 2 H), 4.21 (s, 2 H), 3.96 (q, J=6 Hz, 2 Hz), 3.84 (s, 9 H) , 1.37 (t, J=6 Hz, 3 H) . CIMS (isobutane) m/e 318 (MH+, 27).
4-Methylthio-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109e). From 108e (11.0 g, 35.0 mmol) and NaBH4 (6.6 g, 175 mmol), a similar procedure as described in loga gave 10ge (10.6 g, 94.9%) as an oil: XH NMR (200 MHz, DMSO- d6) 57.07 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.67 (s, 2 H), 6.57 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.23 (t, J=6 Hz, 1 H) , 4.10, (d, J=6 Hz, 2 H) , 3.73 (s, 6 H), 3.62 (s, 3 H), 2.31 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 319 (M+, 69).
4-Isopropyl-N-(3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109f). From 108f (8.2 g, 26.0 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 109a gave 109f (7.4 g, 89.8%) as an oil. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.06 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.61 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.61 (s, 2 H) , 4.24 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, g H), 2.81 (h, J=8 Hz, 1 H, 1.21 (d, J=8 Hz, 6 H). EIMS 315 (M+, 100).
4-n-Propyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline (109g). From 108g (8.5 g, 26.9 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 109a gave 109g (6.0 g, 70.3%) as an oil. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.00 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.61 (s, 2 H), 6.60 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 4.23 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, H), 2.84 (t, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 1.60 (sextet, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 0.92 (t, J=8 Hz, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 315 (M+, 93).
4-Methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110a). A solution of 109a (3.9g, 13.6 mmol) in ether (150 mL) was treated with HCl gas at 0- 5°C with, stirring for about 0.5h. Collection of the resulting pale purple crystals and recrystallization from ethanol and methanol gave 109a (3.6 g, 81.8%) as tiny white crystals: mp 162-4°C after recrystallization from ethanol. *H NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.21 (d, J=2 H) , 7.09 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.63 (s, 2 H), 4.26 (s, 2 H), 3.77 (s, 6 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (s, 3 H) . Anal. (C17H22C1N03) C, H, N.
4-Ethyl-N-(3, ,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110b). From 109b (4.0 g, 13.2 mmol), a similar procedure as described in 110a gave 110b (3.17 g, 70.7%), as yellow crystals: mp 155-7°C after recrystallization from ethanol and methanol. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.20 (s, br, 4 H), 6.86 (s, 2 H), 4.34 (S, 2 H), 3.72 (s, 6 H), 3.62 (s, 3 H), 2.55 (q, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 1.13 (t, J=8 Hz, 3 H) . Anal. (ClβH24ClN03) .
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110c). From 109c (9.0 g, 29.7 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 110a gave 110c (8.14 g,. 80.7%) as tiny white crystals: mp 182-4°C. XH NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36 (d, J=8 Hz 2 H) , 6.98 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.62 (s, 2 H) , 4.36 (s, 2 H) , 3.74 (s, 9 H) , 3.63 (s, 3 H). Anal. (C17H22C1N04« JH20)C, H, N.
4-Ethoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (HOd). From 109d (4.0 g, 12.6 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 110a gave 109d (3.4 g, 76.2%) as white crystals: mp 170-2°C after recrystallization from ethanol and methanol. XH NMR (200 MHz CDC13) 57.22 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.57 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) 6.64 (s, 2 H), 4.25 (s, br, 2 H) , 3.g5 (q, J=6 Hz, 2 H), 3.7g (s, 6 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H) , 1.38 (t, J=6 Hz, 3 H). Anal. (C1BH24C1N04) , C, H, N.
4-Methylthio-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl) niline Hydrochloride (llOe). From 10ge (3.0 g, g.4 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 110a gave llOe (1.80 g, 53.g%) as yellow crystals: mp ig4-6°C after recrystallization from ethanol:methanol:water. *H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.23 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.07 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.83 (s, 2 H) , 4.30 (s, 2 H) , 3.73 (s, 6 H) ,
3.62 (s, 3 H), 3.62 (s, 3 H) , 2.40 (s, 3 H) . Anal (C17H22C1N03S) C H, N.
4-Isopropyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (HOf). From lo f (6.0 g, 18.9 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 110a gave HOf (4.4 g, 65.9%), as yellow crystals: mp 160-2°C after recrystallization from methanol:ethanol:water. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.35 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 7.29 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6. 2 (s,-2 H), 4.37 (s, 2 H) , 3.73 (s, 6 H) ,
3.63 (s, 3 H), 2.88 (h, J=6 Hz, 1 H) , 1.17 (d, J=6 Hz, 6 H). Anal. (CιgH26ClN03) C, H, N. 4-n-Propyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl) niline Hydrochloride (llOg). From 109g (6.0 g, ig.0 mmol), a similar procedure as described for 110a gave llOg (5.5 g, 82.5%) as yellow crystals, mp 118-20°C after recrystallization from ethyl acetate:methanol:hexane. XH NMR (200 MHz, CDC13) 57.21 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 7.08 (d, J=8 Hz, 2 H), 6.58 (s, 2 H), 4.2g (s, 2 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H), 3.74 (s, 6 H), 3.52 (t, J = 8 Hz, 2 H), 1.56 (sextet, J=8 Hz, 2 H) , 0.86 (t, J=8 Hz, 3 H) . Anal. (ClgH26ClN03) C, H, N.
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)- aniline (108c). Anal, calcd for C17HlgN04: C, 67.76; H, 6.35? N, 4.65. Found*. C, 68.11; H, 6.28; N, 4.54.
4-Methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110a). Anal, calcd for C17H22C1N03: C, 63.06; H, 7.01; N, 4.33. Found: C, 62.g2; H, 7.15; N, 4.37.
4-Ethyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110b). Anal, calcd for C1BH24C1N03: C, 63.99; H, 7.16; N, 4.15. Found: C, 63.96: H, 7.24; N, 3.90.
4-Methoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (110c). Anal, calcd for C17H22C1N04»JH20: C, 58.53; H, 6.64; N, 4.02. Found: C, 58.52; H, 6.31: N, 3.89.
4-Ethoxy-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl) niline Hydrochloride (llOd). Anal, calcd for C18H24C1N04: C, 61.10; H, 6.84; N, 3.96. Found: C, 61.27; H, 6.91; N, 3.68.
4-Methylthio-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (llOe). Anal, calcd for C1?H22C1N03S: C, 57 . 37 ; H, 6 .23 ; N, 3. 94 . Found: C, 57 . 19 ; H, 6 . 33 ; N, 3 .95.
4-Isopropyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (HOf). Anal, calcd for CιgH26ClN03: C, 64.86; H, 7.44; N, 3.98. Found: C, 64.75; H, 7.51; N, 3.95.
4-n-Propyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline Hydrochloride (llOg). Anal, calcd for CιgH26ClN03: C, 64.86; H, 7.44; N, 3.98, Found: C, 64.59; H, 7.61; N, 3.94.
General procedure for the preparation of Stilbenes 15a-k. Sodium hydride (0.2 g, 4 mmol) was added to a well-stirred suspension of the phosphonium bromide 14a-b (2 mmol) and the aldehyde 13a-k (2 mmol) in THF (30 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room 5 temperature for 24 h. The mixture was cooled to 0°C, and the excess sodium hydride was quenched by careful addition of methanol (5 mL) . Solvents were removed at reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 0 using 20% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to get the Z and E isomers in pure form.
(Z)-1-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy¬ phenyl)ethene (15a): 313 mg; 44%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.23 d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 5 H), 6.52 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.51 (s, 2 H), 6.41 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.69 (s, 6 H), 1.39 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 315 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C1 1a9H„220"!,)' C, H.
(Z)-1-(4-n-Propoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- ° trimethoxypphheennyyll))--tthheennee ((1155bb)):: 334466 mmgg;; 5533%%;; (oil; XH NMR
(CDCl,, 200 MHz) 57.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.78 d, J=8.8
5 Hz, 2 H) 6.52 (s, 2 H) , 6.52 (d J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.41 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 3.88 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.69 (s, 6 H) , 1.7g (sextet, J=6.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.02 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 32g MH+, 100). Anal. (C20H2404) C, H.
(Z)-l-(4-Methylthiophenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (15c): 319 mg; 51%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 7.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.50 (bs, 2 H) , 6.49 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.69 (s, 6 H) , 2.46 (s, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 317 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClβH2t)03S) C, H.
(Z)-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (15d): 294 mg; 50%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) d 7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H) , 7.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.56 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 2 H), 6.45 (d.
J=12.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.67 (s, 6 H) , 2.31 (s, 3 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5153.28, 137.56, 137.30, 134.77, 133.14, 130.35, 129.82, 129.22, 106.31, 61.09, 55. gg, 21.27; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 285 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C18H20O3) C, H.
(Z)-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2-( 3,4,5- trimethoxy¬ phenyl ) ethene (15e): 321 mg; 54%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) d 7.21 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 6.57 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.48 (s, 2 H) , 6.46 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.66 (s, 6 H) , 2.61 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2 H), 1.20 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 2gg (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2203) C, H.
(Z)-[4-(2-Propγl)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl ) ethene (15f): 340 mg; 55%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.23 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H) ; 7.13 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 6.60 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.46 (s, 2 H) , 6.46 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.65 (s, 6 H) , 2.88 (sextet, J=7.0 Hz, 1 H) , 1.27 (d, J-7.0 Hz, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 313 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C2QH2403) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 4-t-Butylphenyl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 , 5 -trimethoxy¬ phenyl ) ethene (15g): ig2 mg; 31%; oil; XH NMR (CLC13, 200 MHz) 57.2g (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.60 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.46 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) ,
6.45 (s, 2 H), 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.64 (s, 6 H) , 1.2g (s, 9 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 327 (MH+, 100%). Anal.
(C2iH 26°3) c' H-
(Z)-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxy- phenyl)ethene (15h): 280 mg; 46%; oil; H NMR (CLC13,
200 MHz) 57.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.83-6.75 (m, 5 H) ,
6.46 (s, 2 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H) , 3.65 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 271 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17Hlβ03) C, H.
( Z ) -1- ( 3 , 5-Dimethoxyphenyl ) -2- ( 4-methoxy- phenyl ) ethene (15i): 241 mg; 45%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.54 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.46 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 2 H) , 6.44 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.32 (t, J=2.3 Hz, 1 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.67 (s, 6 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 271 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H1803) C, H.
( Z ) -1- [ 4- ( Benzyloxy ) -3 , 5- ( dimethoxy ) phenyl ] -2- ( 4 -methoxyphenyl) ethene (15j): 294 mg; 33%; oil; XE NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.52-7.45 (m, 2 H) , 7.41-7.26 (m, 3 H), 7.21 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 6.78 (d, J=8.75 Hz, 2 H) , 6.52 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.49 (s, 2 H) , 6.42 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.01 (s, 2 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H) , 3.66 (s, 6 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 377 (MH+, 100). Anal. C24H2404) C, H. ( Z ) -l-[ 4-{ ( t-Butyldimethylsilyl ) -oxy}-3 , 5- ( dimethoxy ) -phenyl ] -2 - ( 4 -methoxyphenyl ) ethene ( 15k ) : 277 mg; 35%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) 6.76 (5, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.49 (s, 2 H) , 6.45 (s, 2 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H) , 3.63 (s, 6 H) , 1.02 (s, H), 0.14 (s, 6 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) d 15g.21 151. o, 134.04, 12g.63, 12g.21, 113. 5, 106.47, 55.86, 55.51, 26.06, 18. g6, -4.49. Anal. (C23H2204Si) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-n-Propoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-tri- methoxyphenyl)ethene (16b): 187 mg; 28%; mp 82-83°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz); 57.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.95- 6.87 (m, 4 H), 6.72 (s, 2 H), 3.93 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2 H) , 3.gi (s, 6 H), 3.89 (s, 3 H) , 1.82 (sextet, J=6.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.04 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 32g MH+, 100). Anal. (C20H24O4) C, H.
(E)-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (16d): 121 mg; 21%; mp 125- 127°C; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.40 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (d,. J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 6.gβ (s, 2 H), 6.73 (s, 2 H), 3.gi (s, 6 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H) , 2.35 (s, 3 H);13C NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 5 153.84, 138.19, 137.90, 134.81, 133.68, 129.80, 128.50, 128.00, 126.71, 103.74, 61.12, 56.25, 21.30; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 285 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClβH20O3) C, H.
(E)-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (16e): 182 mg; 30%; mp 98- 100°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 5 7.44 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.20 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.00 (s, 2 H), 6.74 (s, 2 H), 3.92 (s, 6 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H), 2.66q, J=7.4 Hz, 2 H), 1.26 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 29g (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2203) C, H. (E)-[4-(2-Propyl)phenyl]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (16f): 151 mg; 24%; mp 74-75°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) d 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H) , 7.23 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.00 (s, 2 H) , 6.74 (s, 2 H) , 3.93 (s, 6 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H), 2.92 (sextet, J=7.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 313 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C2QH2403) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-t-Butylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (16g): 143 mg; 23%; mp 127- 128°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 5 7.46 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 7.38 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H), 7.0 (s, 2 H) , 6.74 (s, 2 H), 3. 2 (s, 6 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H) , 1.34 (s, g H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 327 (MH+, 100%). Anal. (C21H2603) C, H.
(E)-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)ethene (16h): 110 mg; 20%; mp 135- 137°C.
(E)-1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethene (16i): 123 mg; 23%; mp 55-56°C.
(E)-1-[4-(Benzyloxy)-3,5-(dimethoxy)phenyl]-2- (4-methoxyphenyl)ethene (16j): 207 mg; 28%; mp 104- 105°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 5 7.55-7.48 (m, 2 H) , 7.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H, 7.40-7.25 (m, 3 H) , 6.gβ (d, J=16.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.gθ (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.8g (d, J=16.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.71 (s, 2 H), 5.03 (s, 2 H) , 3.87 (s, 6 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 377 (MH+, 100). Anal.
(C 2Λ4°4 ) c ' H-
(E)-l-[4-{(t-Butyldimethylsilyl)-oxy}-3,5-
(dimethoxy)-phenyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene (16k) :
224 mg; 28%; mp 118-120°C; lU NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 5 7.42
(5, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.gi (s, 2 H) , 6.88 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2
H), 6.6g (s, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 6 H) , 3.82 (s, 3 H) , 1.01 (s, g H), 0.14 (s, 6 H);13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5 15g.67, 152.33 , 130.97 , 130.87 , 127 .98 , 127 .49 , 127 .04 , 114 .59 , 103.93 , 56. 08 , 55. 61, 26. 03 , 18.54 , -4 .42. Anal.
(C23H32°4 si) c > H-
Preparation of acetates 15i and 16i. A solution of n-Bu4NF in THF (1 M, 2 mL, 2 mmol) was added to a solution of stilbenes 15k and 16k (400 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 0°C. After
30 min., acetic anhydride (0.5 mL) was added, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 24 h.
Solvents were evaporated at reduced pressure and the residue was mixed with water (50 mL) . The product was
•extracted with ether (2 x 25 mL) and the ether solution was washed with water (2 x 100 mL) . Evaporation of the solvents and purification of the crude product by preparative TLC using 40% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent afforded the desired products.
(Z)-1-(4-Acetoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethene (151): 111 mg; 33%; oil; XH NMR
(CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.24 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 6.78 (d,
J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 6.55 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.53 (s, 2 H) ,
6.43 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1 H) , 3.77 (s, 3 H) , 3.64 (s, 6 H), 2.32 (s, 3 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5169.27, 159.27, 152.24, 136.00, 130.66, 130.53, 129.79, 128.84, 127.93, 113.91, 105.85, 56.11, 55.37, 20.51; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 329 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH20O5) C, H.
(E)-1-(4-Acetoxy-3,5-dimetho yphenyl)-2-(4- methoxy-phenyl)ethene (161): 137 mg; 41%; mp 129-131°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.97- 6.88 (m, 4 H), 6.73 (s, 2 H) , 3.87 (s, 6 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H), 2.35 (s, 3 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 516g.35, 15g.87, 152.70, 136.55, 130.18, 128.95, 128.13, 126.73, 114.48, 103.16 56.28, 55.48, 20.55; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 329 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2()05) C, H.
General procedure for the preparation of dihydrostilbenes 17a-e. A mixture of E-stilbenes (16) and the corresponding Z-stilbenes (15) (1 mmol) in EtOAc was hydrogenated at 40 psi in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal (50 mg) for 4 h. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated, yielding the dihydrostilbene derivatives
17a-c. Analytical samples were prepared by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel using 20% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent.
1-(4-Ethoxyphenγl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (17a): 250 mg; 80%; oil; XH NMR
(CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.80 (d,
J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.34 (s, 2 H) , 4.32 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2 H) ,
3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.80 (s, 6 H) , 2.82 (s, 4 H) , 1.40 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 317 (MH+, 100%). Anal. (CιgH2404) C, H.
1- ( 4-n-Propoxyphenγl ) -2- ( 3 , 4 , 5- trimethoxyphenyl ) ethane (17b): 284 mg; 86%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.09 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 6.83 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 6.37 (s, 2 H) , 3.90 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2 H) ,
3.82 (s, 9 H), 2.84 (s, 4 H) , 1.80 (m, 2 H) , 1.03 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 331 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C20H26O4) C, H.
1- ( 4-Methylthiophenyl ) -2- (3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl ) ethane (17c): 276 mg; 86%; mp 52-54°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.21 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H) , 7.11 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2 H), 6.36 (s, 2 H) , 3.82 (bs, 9 H) , 2.86 (bs, 4 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 319 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C18H2203S) C, H. l-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (17d): 247 mg; 86%; mp 51-52°C; αH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.09 (s, 4 H) , 6.38 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.82 (s, 6 H) , 2.85 (bs, 4 H) , 2.32 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 287 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C18H2203) C, H. l-(4-Ethγlphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)ethane (17e): 261 mg; 87%; oil: 2H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.12 (s, 4 H) , 6.37 (s, 2 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H) , 3.82 (s, 6 H), 2.86 (bs, 4 H) , 2.63 (q J=7.6 Hz, 2 H) , 1.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 29g (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2203) C, H.
General procedure for the preparation of Compounds 17f-g. A mixture of l-(4-hydroxγphenyl)-2- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (18) 288 mg, 1 mmol), aminoalkyl chloride hydrochloride iga-b (1.1 mmol) and potassium carbonate (276 mg, 2 mmol) in acetone (15 mL) was heated at reflux for 12 h, and the solids were removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using 5% methanol in CHC13 as the eluent. All these compounds were obtained as viscous oils.
1-[4-(2-N,N-Dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl])-2- (3,4,5-trimethoxγphenyl)ethane (17f): 243 mg; 68%; oil; ^ NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.08 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.36 (s, 2 H) , 4.0g (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.81 (s, 6 H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 6 H), 2.41 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 360 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C21H2g04) C, H. l-[4-(2-N,N-Diethγlaminoethoxy)phenyl])-2- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethane (17g): 2g6 mg; 76%; oil; XH NMR (CDCl., 500 MHz) 57.10 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.84 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.38 (s, 2 H), 4.08 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.84 (s, 6 H) , 2.94 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2 H), 2.86-2.82 (m, 4 H) , 2.71 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4 H) , 1.11 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 388 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C23H33N04) C, H.
Typical procedure for preparation of compounds 17h-j. A solution of compound 20a (2 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added to a well-stirred solution of LDA (2 mmol) in THF (22 mL) at -78°C, and stirring continued for 30 min. To this 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (21a) (2 mmol) was added, and stirring continued at -78°C for 1 h and at room temperature for 6 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of glacial acetic acid (2 mL) and the solvents were distilled off at reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water (20 mL) and the solvents were distilled off at reduced pressure. The residue was treated with water (20 mL) and the product was extracted with ether (2 x 70 mL) . The combined ether extracts were washed with water and dried (Na2S04) . Evaporation of the ether and re-crystallization of the residue from CH2Cl2~hexane gave compound' 17h. Compounds 17i and 17j were prepared by using the same method.
3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)propanonitrile (17h): 320 mg; 49%; mp 82-83°C; H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.05 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.83 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.41 (s, 2 H) , 3.89 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.81 (s, 6 H) , 3.78 (s, 3 H), 3.12-3.07 (m, 2 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 328 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH21N04) C, H.
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)propanonitrile (17i): 450 mg; 69%; mp 102-103°C; XH NMR (CDCl,, 200 MHz) 57.13 (d, J=8.5 Hz, •2 H), 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.28 (s, 2 H) , 3.92 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H) , 3.75 (s, 6 H), 3.06-3.00 (m, 2 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 328 (MH+, 100). Anal. (ClgH21N04) C, H.
Methyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)n-proponate (17j): 533 mg; 74%; mp 84- 5°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.22 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H), 6.29 (s, 2 H) , 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 6 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H) , 3.62 (s, 3 H), 3.42-3.24 (m, 2 H), 3.00 ( , 1 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 361 (MH 100%). Anal. (C20H2406) C, H.
General procedure for the preparation of Compounds 23a-c. A mixture of phenylacetic acid 22a-b (2 mmol), benzaldehyde 131-m (2 mmol) and triethylamine (0.5 mL) in acetic anhydride (5 mL) was heated at reflux for 12 h and poured into hot saturated sodium carbonate solution (50 mL) and left overnight. The mixture was extracted with ether (2 x 50 mL), and the ether extracts were discarded. The aqueous solution was acidified with dil. HCl and the precipitated product was filtered and dried. Recrystallization from EtOAc-hexane gave pure product.
(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoic acid (23a): 523 mg; 76%; mp 187-189°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 59.8 (bs, 1 H) , 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.07 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2 H), 6.73 (d, J=8.g Hz, 2 H), 6.47 (s, 2 H) , 3.gi (s, 3 H), 3.7g (s, 6 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H); 13C NMR (CDC13, 50 MHz) 5173.90, 161.31, 154.15, 142.7 , 138.04, 133.26, 131.51, 12g.0g, 127.07,
114.ig, 106.87, 61.14, 56.25, 55.43; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 345 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2(J06) C, H. (E)-3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoic acid (23b): 483 mg; 70%; mp 178-180°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 58.70 (bs, 1 H) ,
7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.15 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1 H) , 6.85-6.76 (m, 2 H), 6.62 (bs, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 2 H) , 3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 6 H), 3.55 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 345 (MH+, 100). Anal. (CιgH2Q06) C, H.
(E)-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoic acid (23c): 468 mg; 68%; mp 206-207°C.
Preparation of compounds 24a-b. Cone. H2S04 (0.5 mL) was added to a stirred solution of carboxylic acid 23a-b (172 mg, 0.5 mmol) in absolute methanol (20 mL) , and the mixture was heated under reflux for 6 h. About 90% of the excess methanol was removed by evaporation, and the residue was poured into ice-water (300 mL) . The product was extracted with ether (2 x 40 mL) , and the combined extracts were washed with 2% aqueous NaOH solution (2 x 50 mL) followed by water (200 mL) . Evaporation of the ether from the dried (Na2S04) solution gave the desired products.
(E)-Methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoate (24a): 316 mg; 88%; mp 74-75°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.77 (s, 1 H) , 7.03 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.72 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2 H) , 6.44 (s, 2 H) ,
3.91 (s, 3 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H) , 3.78 (s, 6 H) , 3.77 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane)m/e 359 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C20H22O6) C, H.
(E)-Methyl 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-enoate (24b): 308 mg; 86%; mp 87-88°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.79 (s, 1 H) , 7.13 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.82-6.70 (m, 2 H) , 6.59 (bs, 1 H) , 6.46 ( s , 2 H) , 3.88 ( s , 3 H) , 3.83 (s , 3 H) , 3 .77 (s , 6 H) ,
3.54 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 359 (MH 100).
Anal . (C20H22O6) C, H.
(E)-N-Methyl-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)]-prop-2-enoamide (24c). A mixture of carboxylic acid 23a (172 mg, 0.5 mmol) and thionyl chloride (1 mL) in benzene (10 mL) was refluxed for 6 h.
The excess thionyl chloride and benzene were removed at reduced pressure and the residue was kept under vacuum for 30 min. It was subsequently mixed with aqueous methylamine solution (40%, 5 mL) and kept at room temperature for 2 h. The precipitated product was filtered, washed sequentially with 2% NaOH solution and water, and dried. An analytical sample was prepared by recrystallization from EtOAc-hexane. 156 mg; 87%; mp
172-174°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.79 (s, 1 H), 6.9g
(d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.71 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.46 (s,
2 H), 5.10 (bq, 1 H), 3. 4 (s, 3 H), 3.81 (s, 6 H) , 3.76
(s, 3 H), 2.87 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e
358 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C2QH2305) C, H.
Preparation of compounds 24d-f. A solution of ethylamine (0.5 mL) or the appropriate amino alcohol
(0.5 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added to a solution of the acid chlorides (prepared from 23a-b in 0.5 mmol scale, as described above) in THF (10 mL) . The mixture was stirred for 3 h. Solvents were removed at reduced pressure, and the residue was poured onto ice (200 g) .
The product was extracted with ether (2 x 20 mL), washed with water, and dried (Na2S04) . Evaporation of ether gave crude products. Product 24d was purified by recrystallization from EtOAc-hexane and the liquid products 24e and 24f were purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ether as the eluent.
(E)-N-Ethyl-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl) ]-prop-2-enoamide (24d): 149 mg; 80%; mp 152-154°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.77 (s, 1 H) , 6.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 6.46 (s, 2 H), 5.58 (bt, 1 H) , 3.95 (s, 3 H) , 3.80 (s, 6 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H), 3.36 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2 H) , 1.11 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 372 (MH+, 100) . Anal.
<c 2ιH 25 N°5 ) c' H-
( E ) - ( 2-N,N-Diethylamino ) ethyl-3- ( 4-methoxy- phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoate (24e) :
192 mg; 87%; oil; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.77 (s, 1 H) ,
7.06, (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.72 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 6.44
(s, 2 H), 4.28 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2 H) , 3.90 (s, 3 H) , 3.78
(s, 6 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H), 2.77 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.55
(q, J=7.2 Hz, 4 H) , 1.01 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 6H) ; 13C NMR
(CDC13, 50 Mhz) 5168.49, 160.90, 154.06, 140.53, 137.88,
132.88, 132.16, 130.19, 127.42, 114.10, 106.89, 63.94,
61.14, 56.25, 55.41, 50.98, 47.89, 12.04; CIMS
(isobutane) m/e 444 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C2J.H33N06) C, H.
(E)-(2-N,N-Diethylamino)ethyl-3-(3-methoxy- phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoate (24f) :
201 mg; 91%; oil; lH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.78 (s, 1 H),
7.13 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H) , 6.80-6.74 (m, 2 H) , 6.61-6.59
(m, 1 H), 6.46 (s, 2 H) , 4.30 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2 H) , 3.87
(s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 6 H), 3.54 (s, 3 H) , 2.77 (t, J=6.1
Hz, 2 H), 2.56 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4 H) , 1.05 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6
H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 444 (MH+, 100). Anal.
<C 25H 33 N0 6) c< H-
3,4,4',5-Tetramethoxybenzophenone (27) .
Anhydrous A1C13 (260 mg, 2 mmol) was added to a well- stirred solution of 3,4,5-trimethoxγbenzoyl chloride
(25) (461 mg, 2 mmol) and anisole (216 mg, 2 mmol) at
0°C in CH2C12 (25 mL) . The mixture was stirred while allowing it to warm to room temperature. After 6 h, the resultant dark reaction mixture was poured into ice cold
5% HCl (20 mL), and the CH2C12 layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with an additional 30 mL of
CH2C12, and the combined CH2C12 solutions were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Evaporation of solvents from the dried CH2C12 extract and purification of the residue by chromatography on a column of silica gel, using 5% EtOAc in hexane as eluent, gave product 27 (487 mg, 80%); mp 72-73°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.83 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 7.03 (s, 2 H), 6.98 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.88 (s, 6 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 303 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H1805), C, H.
4-Methoxyphenyl-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- methanol (28). Sodium borohydride (76 mg, 2 mmol) was added in small portions to a well-stirred solution of 3,4,4' ,5-tetramethoxybenzophenone (27) (302 mg, 1 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) at 0°C in 15 min and the resultant mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by careful addition of glacial acetic acid (1 mL) , and the solvents were removed at reduced pressure. The residue was poured into water, and the product was extracted with ether (2 x 50 mL) . The combined ether extracts were washed with saturated NaHC03 solution, followed by water, and dried (Na2S04) . Evaporation of solvents and crystallization of the residue from EtOAc-hexane gave product 28 as a white crystalline solid (287 mg, 94%); mp 104-105°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.29 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H) , 6.88 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2 H), 6.60 (s, 2 H) , 5.73 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1 H) , 3.82 (s, 9 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H) , 2.32 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1 H) ; CIMS (isobutane) m/e 305 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H20O5) C, H.
4-Methoxyphenyl-(3, ,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- methane (29). A solution of 28 (304 mg, 1 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL) was hydrogenated at 60 psi in the presence of 10% Pd-C (60 mg) for 12 h. The solution was filtered, and solvents were evaporated. The crude product was purified by crystallization from EtOAc and •hexane (183 mg, 60%); mp 66-67°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.12 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2 H) , 6.39 (s, 2 H), 3.87 (s, 2 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H) , 3.81 (s, 6 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e 289 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C17H20O4) C, H.
2,3,4,7-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene (32). A mixture of 30a and 31a (l.lg 3.6 mmol) was dissolved in cyclohexane (500 ml) containing iodine (60 mg) and acetophenone (0.22 ml, 0.5 eq) . The solution was irradiated with a 450 medium pressure mercury UV lamp for 6 h with stirring and cooling. TLC showed that the starting material had disappeared. The solvent was evaporated and the residue subjected to flash chromatography (ether:hexane, 30:70 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) to give 32a (460 mg) and 32c (560 mg.
92.7% total yield): 32a, pale yellow oil; IR (KBr) 836 (2H adjacent), 760 cm"1 (3 H adjacent); XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.30 -7.50 (m, 3 H) , 7.00-7.10 (m, 3 H) , 4.00 (s, br, 9 H), 3.70 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 2g8 (M+, 58), 283 (11); Anal. (C18H1(J04) C, H. 2,3,4,7-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene (32c) . This compound was obtained as white crystals from ethyl acetate and hexane as described above: mp 142-144°C; IR (KBr) 866 (IH), 831 cm"1 (2 H adjacent); XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 59.41 (d, 1 H), 7.60 (s, 2 H), 7.23-7.21 (m, 2 H), 7.08 (s, IH) . 4.03 (s, 3 H) , 4.01 (s, 3 H) , 4.00 (s, 3 H), 3.96 (s, 3 H); EIMS m/e 298 (M+, 100), 283 (41). Anal. (C18H1804): C, H.
2,3,4,6-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene (32b) . Compound 23b (460 mg, 58% yield) was prepared by irradiation of a mixture of 30b and 31b (800 mg, 2.66 mmol) in hexane (500 mL) as described above: mp 68- 70°C; IR (KBr) 865 (1 H), 843 cm"1 (2 H adjacent); XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 59.06 (d, 1 H, J=4 Hz), 7.75 (d, 1 H, - J=8 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1 H, J=8.6 and 8.8 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz 7.22 (dd IH J=8.6 and 2.8 Hz), 7.08 (s, 1 H), 4.02 (s, 6 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 4.00 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 298 (M\ 100), 283 (45). Anal. (C18H1804), C, H.
2,3,4,8-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene (32d). The stilbene mixture containing 30c and 31c (1010 mg, 3.36 mmol) in cyclohexane (500 mL) containing iodine (53 mg) and acetophenone (1.71 mmol, 0.5 eq) was irradiated as in the above synthesis of 32a and 32c to give 32d (760 mg, 76%): mp 80-82°C; IR (KBr) 846 (2 H adjacent), 790 cm"1 (3 H adjacent); XH NMR (CDC13, 200 Mhz) 59.12 (d, 1 H, J=10 Hz), 8.20 (d, 1 H, J=10 Hz), 7.57 (m, 2 H) , 7.10 (s, 1 H), 6.99 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 4.03 (s, 6 H), 4.02 (s, 3 H), 4.00 (s, 3 H); EIMS m/e 298 (M+, 100), 283 (40). Anal. (C18H1804) C, H.
2-(4-Methoxγphenyl)-3-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (33). A mixture of the ester 17j (3.0 g, 8.3 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) and potassium hydroxide (4.0 g, 71 mmol) in ethanol:water (60 mL, 4:1 by volume) was heated at reflux under Ar until most of the starting material disappeared (about 24 h) . The reaction solution was poured into ice-cold water (500 mL) and acidified with 20% sulfuric acid (200 mL) , extracted with ether (100, 100, 50 mL) , washed with water (50 mL) and saturated sodium chloride solution (50 mL) , and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the filtrate and flash chromatography (ether: hexane, 70:30 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) gave 33 as a yellow oil (1.97 g, 79.1%): IR (film) 3231 (br), 3005, 2933, 1733, 1703, 1590, 1513,
1462, 1421, 1246, 1180, 1123 cm"1; αH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.32 (d, 2 H, J=10 Hz), 6.85 (d, 2 H, J=10 Hz), 6.83 (s, 2 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.77 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (s, 6 H), 3.31 (m, 1 H) , 2.95 (m, 1 H) . FABMS m/e 347 (MH+, 39.2).
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxyindan-3- one (34). A solution of the acid 33 (0.5 g, 1.4 mmol) in phosphorous oxychloride (5 mL, 53.4 mmol) was heated at reflux for 3 min. The dark red solution was poured onto crushed ice (about 30 g) and extracted with ether (50, 20, and 20 mL) . The combined ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the filtrate gave a gray solid. Recrystallization of this gray solid from ethyl acetate and hexane afforded pale gray crystals 0.32 g (69.6%): mp 104-106°C; IR (KBr) 3010, 2960, 1697, 1595, 1512, 1323, 1251, 1139 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.11 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.85 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.71 (s, 1 H), 4.03 (s, 3 H) , 3.96 (s, 3 H) , 3.87 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (m, 1 H) , 3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.10 (m, 1 H); EIMS m/e 328 (M+, 98). Anal.
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxyindane
(35). A mixture of the ketone 34 (250 mg, 0.74 mmol) and 10% Pd-C (100 mg) in acetic acid (40 mL) was subjected to hydrogenolysis at 42 psi hydrogen pressure until the absorption of hydrogen ceased. Filtration and evaporation of the reaction solution gave an oil. It was purified by flash chromatography (ether:hexane,
70:30 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) to afford 35 as a colorless oil( 230 mg, 96.2%). TLC only showed one spot. XH NMR (CDC13, 500 MHz) 57.22 (d, 2 H, J=8Hz),
6.72 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H) ,
3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H) , 3.63 (m, 1
H), 3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.26 ( , 1 H) , 2.97 (m, 2 H) . EIMS m/e 314 (M 100). Anal. (CιgH2204) C, H.
1-(4*-Methoxybenzyl)-5,6,7- trimethoxyisoquinoline Methiodide (Takatonine Iodide
37). A solution of 36 (200 mg, 0.59 mmol) in anhydrous decahydronaphthalene (5 mL) containing palladium black
(20 mg) was heated at reflux for 2 h under Ar. The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the celite pad was rinsed with CHC13 (10 mL) . After the
CHC13 was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in ether
(10 mL), and Mel (0.5 mL) was added. The resulting solution was kept at room temperature overnight. The yellow crystalline precipitate was filtered and washed with ether (5 mL) to give takatonine iodide (37) as yellow plates (174.1 mg, 61.3%): m.p. 180-182°C; XH NMR
(CDC13, 200 MHz) 58.72 (d, br, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 8.32 (d, 1
H, J=6 Hz), 7.40 (s, 1 H), 7.01 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.84
(d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 5.11 (s, 2 H), 4.61 (s, 3 H), 4.14 (s, 3 H), 4.10 (s, 3 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H) . The AH NMR spectrum of 6 was identical with the reported XH NMR spectrum of takatonine iodide.
1-(4•-Methoxybenzyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline (38). Sodium borohydride (460 mg, 12.9 mmol) was added portionwise over a period of 30 min to a solution of 36 (460 mg, 1.36 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was dissolved in water (5 mL) and basified with ammonium hydroxide solution, then extracted with ether (30, 20, and 10 mL) . The combined ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the filtrate and flash chromatography (ether, silica gel 230-400 mesh) gave compound 38 as an oil (450 mg, 96.0%): H NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.18 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.87 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.49 (s, 1 H), 4.06 (m, 1 H) , 3.86 (s, 3 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H) , 3.81 (s, 3 H) , 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.16 (m, 2 H), 2.87 (m, 2 H) , 2.68 (t, 2 H, J=6 Hz), 1.84 (s, br, 1 H); FABMS m/e 344 (MH+, 41).
1-(4'-Methoxybenzoyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxy- isoquinoline (39). A solution of 36 (250 mg, 0.73 mmol) and DDQ (188 mg, 0.81 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. Preparative TLC purification (ether, precoated silica gel plate, 1000 microns) gave 39 as an oil (125 mg, 48.4%): IR (neat) 2924, 2851, 165g, 1560, 1475, 1260, 115g, 1122 cm"1; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 58.48 (d, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 7.g8 (d, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 7.g5 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 7.37 (s, 1 H) , 6.gβ (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 4.08 (s, 3 H) , 4.03 (s, 3 H) , 3.g3 (s. 3 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H); CIMS (isobutane) m/e, 354 (MH+, 100).
1-( '-Methoxybenzoyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxy- isoquinoline Methiodide (40). A solution of 39 (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (2 mL) and iodomethane (0.6 mL) was heated at reflux for 24 h under Ar. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was partitioned between distilled water (10 mL) and CHC13 (10 mL) . The CHC13 was extracted with H20 (2 x 5 mL) , and the combined aqueous extracts were washed with ether (5 mL) . Evaporation of the distilled water solution gave a yellow solid 40 (60 mg, 60.6%): XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 58.95 (d, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 8.52 (d, 1 H, J=*6 Hz), 8.11 (d, br, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 7.10 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.73 (s, 1 H), 4.53 (s, 3 H), 4.15 (s, 3 H), 4.14 (s, 3 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H); FABMS calcd. for C21H22INO: 368.1498 (cation). Found: 368.1489.
1-(4*-Methoxybenzyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxy-2- methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (Tetrahydrotakatonine, 41). A solution of 38 (400 mg, 1.2 mmol) in formic acetic anhydride (80 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. A clear yellow solution was obtained. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. To this residue water (5 mL) was added, and the aqueous solution was extracted with CH2C12 (20, 10, and 10 mL) . The CH2C12 layer was washed successively with 10% NaOH solution (5 mL), water (5 mL) , saturated aqueous NaCl (5 mL) , and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the filtrate gave an oil (590 mg) . A solution of this oil (450 mg) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) containing P0C13 (2 mL) was heated at reflux for 3 h under Ar. TLC showed that starting material was consumed. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting brown residue was dissolved in methanol (30 mL) . NaBH4 (1.6 g) was added over 0.5 h, and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was extracted with CH2C12 (20, 10, and 10 mL) . The organic layer was washed successively with water (10 mL) and saturated aqueous NaCl (10 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the filtrate and flash chromatography (CHC13, then CHCl3:EtOH, 96:4 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) gave 41 as an oil (225 mg, 52.5%): XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.02 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2 H, J=8 Hz), 5.87 (s, 1 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.78 (s, 3 H) , 3.67 (t, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 3.55 (s, 3 H), 3.13 (m, 2 H) , 2.75 (m, 4 H) , 2.51 (s, 3 H); FABMS m/e 358 (MH+, 100). The XH NMR spectrum of 41 was consistent with the previously presented XH NMR of tetrahydrotakatonine.
N-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenethyl)acetamide (43). Acetyl chloride (1.3 mL, 1.45 g, 18.2 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of compound 42 (3g, 12.1 mmol) in 2.0 N NaOH solution (27 mL, 54.0 mmol) cooled in an ice bath. The resulting solution was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. The reaction solution was extracted with CHC13 (50, 30, and 20 mL) and the combined CHC13 layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried over anhydrous Na2S04. Evaporation of the filtrate gave a pale yellow oil that was subjected to flash chromatography (ether, silica gel 230-400 mesh) to give compound 43 as an oil (2.75 g, 89. %): XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 56.83 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 5.84 (s, br, 1 H) , 3.90 (s, 3 H) , 3.87 (s, 3 H) , 3.85 (s , 3 H) , 3 .44 (q, 2 H, J=6 Hz ) , 2 .76 (t, 2 H,
J=6 Hz ) , 1.93 (s , 3 H) ; EIMS m/e 253 (M+, 72 ) . l-Methyl-5,6,7-trimethoxy-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline (44). A solution of the acetamide
43 (280 mg, 1.1 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) containing POCl
(0.8 mL, 8.5 mmol) was heated at reflux under Ar for 2 h. The excess P0C13 and the solvent were evaporated under vacuum. The black residue was washed with petroleum ether (10 mL) . The residue was dissolved in distilled water (10 mL) and made basic by 5% NH4OH aq
(10 mL) . The aqueous solution was extracted with CHC13
(20, 10, and 5 mL) . The combined CHC13 layer was washed successively with water (10 mL) and saturated NaCl solution (10 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2S04.
Evaporation of the filtrate and chromatography
(ether:ethanol, 98:2 by volume, silica gel 230-400 mesh) gave compound 44 as a pale brown oil (230 mg, 89.2%):
XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 56.84 (s, 1 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H),
3.89 (s, 3 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.61 (t, 2 H, J=8 Hz),
2.64 (t, 2 H, J=8 Hz"), 2.36 (s, 3 H) . EIMS m/e 235 (M+,
84).
2,5-Dimethoxγbenzoyl Chloride (45). A mixture of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (25 g, 137.2 mmol) and thionyl chloride (35 mL, 470.6 mmol) was heated at reflux under Ar for 4 h. The reaction solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified by high vacuum distillation at 127°C/2 mm Hg to give compound 45 as a pale yellow oil (26.5 g, 96.7%). When standing at room temperature, this oil changed to yellow crystals, m.p. 36-38°C.
2-(2' ,5*-Dimethoxybenzoyl)-l-methγlene-5,6,7- trimethoxγ-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (46) . A solution of compound 45 (746 mg, 3.7 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (2 mL) was slowly added at room temperature to a solution of compound 44 (880 mg, 3.7 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (10 mL) containing triethylamine (568 mg, 5.6 mmol, 0.78 mL) . The resulting solution was heated at reflux with stirring under Ar for 2 h. White NH4C1 precipitated and was removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was subjected to flash chromatography (ether:triethylamine, 99:1 by volume, silica gel 230-300 mesh) to give compound 46 as an oil (1.3 g, 87.8%): XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 56.87 (s, 1 H) , 6.85 (d, 1 H, J=10 Hz), 6.80 (d, 1 H, J=3 Hz), 6.70 (d, 1 H, J=10 Hz), 5.21 (s, br 1 H), 4.55 (s, br, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 6 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.75 (s, 3 H) , 3.41 (s, br, 2 H) , 2.88 (t, 2 H, J=6 Hz). CIMS (isobutane) m/e 400 (MH+, 100). 5-Hydro-8-oxo-2,3,4,10-tetramethoxy-6H- dibenzo-(a,g)quinolizine (47). A solution of compound 46 (1.59 g, 4.0 mmol) in methanol (500 mL) containing triethylamine (0.5 mL) was irradiated with 450-W medium pressure mercury lamp at room temperature for about 2 h with stirring. Evaporation of the solvent gave a yellow syrup that was subjected to flash chromatography (ether, silica gel 230-400 mesh) to give a yellow solid. Recrystallization of the solid from methanol gave compound 47 as yellow needles (350 mg, 23.8%): m.p. 196-198°C; XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.84 (d, 1 H, J=4 Hz), 7.51 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 7.26 (d,d, 1 H, J=8 and 4 Hz), 7.0g (s, 1 H), 6.89 (s, 1 H) , 4.34 (t, 2 H, J=6 Hz), 3.97 (s, 3 H), 3.94 (s, 6 H) , 3.91 (s, 3 H) , 2.96 (t, 2 H, J=6 Hz). CIMS (isobutane) m/e 368 (MH+, 100). Anal. (C21H21N05): C, H. 5,8,13,13a-Tetrahedro-2,3,4,10-tetramethoxy- 6H-dibenzo-(a,g)quinolizine (48). A suspension of LiAlH4 (1.4 mL, 1.4 mmol, 5 eq, 1.0 M in THF) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 47 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) with stirring at room temperature under Ar. The reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 h. A yellow solution developed. The excess LiAlH4 was decomposed by adding water until no hydrogen bubbles appeared. The residue was extracted with ether:THF (7:3 by volume, 30, 20 mL) . The combined organic layer was filtered through a glass wool pad, and ■the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in fresh methanol (10 mL) , and NaBH4 (125 mg, 3.28 mmol) was added in several portions. The reaction solution was stirred at reflux under Ar for 1.5 h. The reaction was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 10% HCl (5 mL) , neutralized with solid K2C03 to pH 8, extracted with CHCI3 (20, 10, 10 mL), and dried over anhydrous Na2S04. Evaporation of the filtrate obtained after removal of the Na2S04 gave a pale yellow oil. Preparative silica gel TLC (ether, silica gel precoated plate, 1000 microns) purification gave compound 48 (92 mg, 95.1%). Recrystallization of compound 48 from methanol gave pale yellow needles (22.0 mg), m.p. 104-106°C: XH NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 57.07 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 6.75 (dd, 1 H, J=8 and 2 Hz), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J=2 Hz), 6.57 (s, 1 H), 3.88 (s, 6 H) , 3.87 (s, 3 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.79 (m, 3 H), 3.21 (m, 2 H) , 2.85 (m, 3 H), 2.52 (m, 1 H) . FABMS (Glycerol) m/e 356 (MH+, 47). Anal. (C21H25N04) : C, H.
The above preferred embodiments and examples are given to illustrate the scope and spirit of the present invention. These embodiments and examples will make apparent to those skilled in the art other embodiments and examples. These other embodiments are also examples within the contemplation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound having the formula:
(R')Ar - X - Ar1(R") and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Ar and Ar1 are independently aryl or heteroaryl; and Ar may be mono, di, tri, or
tetrasubstituted with R' and Ar1 may be mono, di, tri, or tetrasubstituted with R";
- X is -C-, , -CH2NH-, -, ,
-(Y2) (Y3)C-C(Z2) (Z3)- or cis or trans ethylene radical of the formula -(Y1)C=C(Z1), CH2, or CHOH;
Y1, Y2, Y3, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy, COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene;
each R' may be the same or different and consists of R1, R2, R3 and R4, and each R" may be the same or different and consists of R5, R6, R7 and R8;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9,
NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; R12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and a
pharmaceutical carrier therefor.
2. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein Ar and Ar1 are independently aryl.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 1 wherein X is -NHCH -, -CH,NH-, , , or cis or
trans - ( Y1) C=C ( Z1) .
4. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 1 wherein X is -NHCH2-, -CH2NH-, , - , or cis
(Y1) C=C ( Z1).
5. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein Y1, Y2, Y3, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are hydrogen.
6. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein lower alkoxy is alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms.
7. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 6 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
8. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 where at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6,
R7 and R8 are lower alkoxy.
9. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are lower alkoxy.
10. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
11. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
12. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is lower alkoxy, hydrogen, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino or lower alkylthio.
13. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 having the formula:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , wherein:
X is , -NH-CH2-, -CH2NH-, , ,
-(Y2) (Y3)C-C(Z2) (Z3)- or cis or trans ethylene radical of the formula -(Y1)C=C(Z1), CH2 or CHOH;
Y1, Y2, Y3, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy, COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene; each R' may be the same or different and consists of R1, R2, R3 and R4, each R" may be the same or different and consists of R5, R6, R7 and R8;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower aryalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower, alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9,
NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, Rs, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
14. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is -NH-CH -, , - , -C-
NH-, or cis or trans -( Y1) C=C ( Z1) .
15. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein Y1, Y2, Y3, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are
hydrogen.
16. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein lower alkoxy is alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms.
17. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 16 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
18. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 where at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5,
R6, R7 and R8 are lower alkoxy.
19. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and
R8 are lower alkoxy.
20. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 19 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
22. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
23. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is lower alkoxy, hydrogen, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino or lower alkyl thio.
24. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is . 0
25. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 24 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
26. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 25 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are independently lower alkoxy, hydrogen or lower alkyl.
27. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 24 wherein R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently lower alkoxy or hydrogen.
28. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 24 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is lower alkoxy.
29. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 24 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
30. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is CHOH;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11' R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; R12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy.
31. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 30 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
32. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 30 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
33. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 30 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are independently lower alkoxy, hydrogen or lower alkyl.
34. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 30 wherein R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently lower alkoxy or hydrogen.
35. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is CH2;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; R12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy.
36. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 35 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
37. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 35 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
38. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 35 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are independently lower alkoxy, hydrogen or lower alkyl.
39. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 35 wherein R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently lower alkoxy or hydrogen.
40. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is NH-CH2 or CH2NH;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, aminolower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower, alkoxy, CONHR9,
NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carboxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl,
OSi(R10,R11R12) or Si(R17)(R18)(R19), at least two or R1, R2,
R , R , R , R6, R and R is lower alkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; R12 is lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and a
pharmaceutical carrier therefor.
41. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein X is CH2NH.
42. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 40 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R9 are lower alkoxy.
43. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 42 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
44. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 43 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
45. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio,
mercapto or nitro;
R10, R1ι, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
46. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
47. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
48. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4,
R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen or lower alkoxy.
49. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 48 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
50. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 48 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
51. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 49 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
52. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is -CONH- or -NHCO-;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower aryalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene
oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl,
OSi(R10R11R12) or Si (R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R., R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
53. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 52 wherein X is -CONH-;
R1, R2, R3, R4 , R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently
hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower aryalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, aminolower alkylene
oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl,
OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
54. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 53 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 are lower alkoxy.
55. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 54 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
56. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 55 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
57. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 52 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
58. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 52 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
59. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 52 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
60. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 52 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen or lower alkoxy.
61. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 60 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
62. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 60 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
63. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 61 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
64. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is -(Y2)(Y3) C-C(Z2)(Z3)- wherein
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy
carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
65. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 64 wherein Y2 and Z2 are hydrogen.
66. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 64 wherein Y2 and Z2 are hydrogen and Y3 and Z3 are independently hydrogen, cyano or lower carbalkoxy.
67. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 64 wherein Y2 and Z2 are hydrogen, Y3 is
hydrogen or cyano and Z3 is hydrogen, cyano or lower carbalkoxy;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9,
NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17)(R18)(R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
68. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 67 wherein Z3 and Y3 are hydrogen;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylaminoloweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
69. The pharmaceutical composition of Claims 64, 67 or 68 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 are lower alkoxy.
70. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 69 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
71. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 70 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
72. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 68, 69 or 71 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are
independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12) ,
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
73. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 72 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
74. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 64, 67 or 68 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
75. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 64, 67 or 68 wherein R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkoxy, thio alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, loweralkyl
carbonyloxy, aminoalkoxy, lower alkylamino carbonyloxy or dilower alkylamino carbonyloxy.
76. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 75 wherein R5 is hydrogen and one of R6, R7 and R8 is lower alkoxy, loweralkylamino or
diloweralkylamino.
77. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 76 wherein R7 is lower alkoxy, lower alkylamino or diloweralkylamino.
78. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is cis or trans (Y1)C=C(Z1),
Y and Z1 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy,
COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
79. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein at least one of Y and Z is hydrogen.
80. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 79 wherein Y is COOH, COOMe, CONHMe, COONHEt, COO(CH2)NEt2, COO(CH2) 2NMe2 or hydrogen and Z is hydrogen or COOH.
81. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
82. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 81 wherein at most six of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6,
R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
83. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 81 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
84. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 81 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2, R3, and R4 are lower alkoxy.
85. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy; R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17) (R18) (R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, NHC-R9,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio,
mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
86. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
87. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
88. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R6, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
89. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 88 wherein R1, R5, Rg and RB are hydrogen, R4, R5 and R6 are independently lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
90. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 88 or 89 wherein lower alkyl and lower alkoxy contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
91. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 88 or 89 wherein lower alkyl is methyl and lower alkoxy is methoxy.
92. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 78 wherein X is cis (Y1)C=C(Z1),
Y1 and Z1 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy,
COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
93. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein at least one of Y and Z is hydrogen.
94. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 92 wherein Y is COOH, COOMe, CONHMe, COONHEt, COO(CH2)2NEt2, COO(CH2)2NMe2 or hydrogen and Z is hydrogen or COOH.
95. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
96. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 95 wherein at most six of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
97. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 95 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
98. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 95 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2, R3, and R4 are lower alkoxy.
99. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi (R10R11R12) ;
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi (R10R11R12) ,
Si (R17) (R18) (R19) , amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
100. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
101. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and
R4 are lower alkoxy.
102. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R6, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
103. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 102 wherein R1, R5, R6 and R8 are hydrogen, R4, R5 and R6 are independently lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl or thio lower alkyl.
104. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 102 or 103 wherein lower alkyl and lower alkoxy contain.
1-3 carbon atoms.
105. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 102 or 103 wherein lower alkyl is methyl and lower alkoxy is methoxy.
106. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 92 wherein X is cis -HC=CH-,
Y1 and Z1 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy,
COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;
Q is lower alkylene;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy, amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy
carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
107. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
108. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein at most six of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
109. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 106 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
110. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 107 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2, R3, and R4 are lower alkoxy.
111. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkylamino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio,
mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
112. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
113. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
114. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are
lower alkoxy and R6, R7 and R8 are independently
hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
115. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 106 wherein R1, R5, R6 and R8 are hydrogen, R4, R5 and R6 are independently lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
116. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 114 or 115 wherein lower alkyl and lower alkoxy contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
117. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claims 114 or 115 wherein lower alkyl is methyl and lower alkoxy is methoxy.
118. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein X is cis HC=CH, R1, R5, R6 and R7 are H and R2, R3, R4 and R7 is methoxy.
119. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 13 wherein
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R7 and R8 are H; R2, R3, R4 and R6 are OCH3,;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R6 and R8 are H; R5 is 2- Cl; R2, R3, R4 and R7 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is
Cl and R2, R3, and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is
Br, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is
NMe2, and R2, R3, R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is OEt, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is OPr, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is SMe, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is
Me, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is
Et, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is cis CH=CH; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R7 is iPr, and R2, R3 and R4 are OCH3;
X is CHX 2 H, Z; R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H; R2, R3, R4 and R7 are OCH3; or
X is CHNH, R1, R5, R6 and R8 are H and R2, R3, R4 and R7 are OCH.
120. A method for treating cancer in an animal which comprises administering to said animal in need of such treatment an anti-cancer effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1.
121. The method according to Claim 120 wherein said animal is a mammal.
122. The method according to Claim 121 wherein said mammal is human.
123. The compound having the formula:
wherein:
X is -NH-CH2- or -CH2NH-,
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl
carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy,
amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
124. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein X is
-NH-CH2-.
125. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein X is CH2NH.
126. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 are lower alkoxy.
127. The compound according to Claim 126 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
128. The compound according to Claim 127 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
129. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein
R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi (R10R11R12) ;
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower al-ikvoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo , lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi (R10R11R12) ,
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkyl-amino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
130. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
131. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
132. The compound according to Claim 123 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen or lower alkoxy.
133. The compound according to Claim 132 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
134. The compound according to Claim 132 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
135. The compound according to Claim 133 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
136. The compound having the formula
wherein X is or -NHCO-;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy. amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
137. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein X is -NHCO-.
138. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein X is -CONH-.
139. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein at least three or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 are lower alkoxy.
140. The compound according to Claim 139 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
141. The compound according to Claim 140 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
142. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino. lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, NHC-R9,
diloweralkyl-amino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
143. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
144. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
145. The compound according to Claim 136 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen or lower alkoxy.
146. The compound according to Claim 145 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
147. The compound according to Claim 145 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
148. The compound according to Claim 146 wherein lower alkoxy is methoxy.
149. The compound having the formula
wherein X is a cis ethylene radical of the formula
-(Y1)C=C(Z1);
Y1 and Z1 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, lower carbalkoxy,
COONR13R14, cyano, or COOQNR15R16;
R13, R14, R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; Q is lower alkylene;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy,
amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12).or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
150. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein at least one of Y and Z is hydrogen.
151. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein Y is COOH, COOMe, CONHMe, COONHEt, COO(CH2)NEt2, COO(CH2)2NMe2 or hydrogen and Z is hydrogen or COOH.
152. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
153. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein at most six of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
154. The compound according to Claim 152 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
155. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2, R3, and R4 are lower alkoxy.
156. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkyl-amino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
157. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
158. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
159. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R9, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
160. The compound according to Claim 159 wherein R1, R5, R6 and R8 are hydrogen, R4, R5 and R6 are independently lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower
alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
161. The compound according to Claim 159 or 160 wherein lower alkyl and lower alkoxy contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
162. The compound according to Claim 159 or 160 wherein lower alkyl is methyl and lower alkoxy is methoxy.
163. The compound according to Claim 149 wherein X is cis -HC=CH-;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are
independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkoxy, lower arylalkoxy, cyano, aryloxy, mercapto, lower alkyl thio, amino lower alkyl, carboxy, carbolower alkoxy, CONHR9, NHCO(R9), lower alkanoyl, nitro, CF3, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, amino lower alkoxy, lower alkyl amino lower alkoxy, dilower alkylamino lower alkoxy,
amino lower alkylene oxycarbonyl, lower alkylamino loweralkyleneoxy carbonyl, dilower alkylamino lower alkylene oxy carbonyl, OSi(R10R11R12) or Si(R17) (R18) (R19) and at least two or R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is loweralkoxy;
R9 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl.
164. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein at least three of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
165. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein at most six of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R8 is lower alkoxy.
166. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein three of R1, R2, R3 or R4 are lower alkoxy.
167. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2, R3, and R4 are. lower alkoxy.
168. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1, R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, arylalkoxy, loweralkyl carbonyloxy or OSi(R10R11R12);
R5 is hydrogen, halo or lower alkoxy;
R6 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkoxy;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, lower alkyl carbonyloxy, OSi(R10R11R12),
Si(R17)(R18)(R19), amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, ,
diloweralkyl-amino lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto or nitro;
R10, R11, R12, R17, R18 and R19 are independently lower alkyl; and
R9 is lower alkyl or hydrogen.
169. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen.
170. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen and R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy.
5
171. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1 and R5 are hydrogen, R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R6, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
172. The compound according to Claim 163 wherein R1, R5, R6 and R8 are hydrogen, R4, R5 and R6 are independently lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, halo, amino, lower alkylamino, dilower
alkylamino, lower alkyl thio or lower alkyl.
173. The compound according to Claim 171 or 172 wherein lower alkyl and lower alkoxy contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
174. The compound according to Claim 171 or 172 wherein lower alkyl is methyl and lower alkoxy is methoxy.
175. The compound selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R is C1-4 lower alkoxy;
;
;
176. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound in accordance with Claim 175 and a pharmaceutical carrier thereof.
177. A method of treating cancer in an animal which comprises administering to an animal in need of such treatment an anticancer effective amount of a compound according to Claim 175.
178. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 1 wherein X is CH2NH or NHCH2.
179. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 1 wherein the compound has the formula:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
180. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 179 wherein R2, R3, and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, thioloweraIky1, lower alkoxy, halo, or CF3.
181. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 180 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are methoxy.
182. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 180 wherein R7 is methyl, ethyl, halo, thiomethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or CF3.
183. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 181 wherein R7 is methyl, ethyl, halo, thiomethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or CF3.
184. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 182 wherein R7 is methyl, ethyl, bromo, chloro, iodo, thiomethyl, methoxy or CF3.
185. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 183 wherein R7 is methyl, ethyl, bromo, chloro, iodo, thiomethyl, methoxy or CF3.
186. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Claims 178-185 wherein the compound is the pharmaceutical salt.
187. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 186 wherein the salt is the hydrochloride.
188. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 1 wherein the compound is 4-methyl-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
189. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 188 wherein the compound is 4-methyl-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline hydrochloride.
190. The compound of Claim 123 wherein the compound has the formula:
wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is
hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, thioloweralkyl, lower alkoxy, CF3, lower alkanoyl, formyl, carboxy,
carboloweralkoxy, nitro, SO3H or cyano.
191. The compound of Claim 190 wherein R7 is hydrogen, trifluoro-methyl, lower alkyl, halo, thioloweralkyl or lower alkoxy.
192. The compound of Claim 190 wherein R7 is lower alkyl, thio lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, CF3, iodo, bromo or chloro.
193. The compound of Claim 190 wherein R2, R3, and R4 are methoxy and R7 is lower alkyl, thioloweralkyl, lower alkoxy, halo or CF3.
194. The compound of Claim 193 wherein R7 is CF3, methyl, thiomethyl, methoxy, ethyl, bromo, chloro, iodo, or ethoxy.
195. The compound of Claim 194 wherein R7 is methoxy, thiomethyl, iodo, chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl or CF3.
196. The compound of Claim 192 wherein R7 is methyl, thiomethyl, methoxy, ethyl, bromo, chloro, iodo, ethoxy or CF3.
197. The compound of Claim 196 wherein R7 is methoxy, thiomethyl, bromo, chloro, iodo, methyl, ethyl or CF3.
198. The compound according to Claim 190 which is 4-methyl-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
199. The compound according to Claim 198 which is 4-methyl-3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline
hydrochloride.
200. The compound according to Claim 190 which is 4-ethyl-N-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylaniline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
201. The compound according to Claim 190 wherein the compound is 4-ethyl-N-(3',4',5-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline hydrochloride.
202. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 179 where the compound is 4-ethyl-N-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline or its pharmaceutically
acceptable salt.
203. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 202 wherein the compound is 4-ethyl-N-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)aniline hydrochloride.
204. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 179 wherein R2, R3 and R4 are lower alkoxy and R7 is
hydrogen, CF3, lower alkyl, thioloweralkyl, lower alkoxy, halo, nitro, lower alkanoyl, carboxy,
carboloweralkoxy, formyl, cyano or SO3H.
205. A method for treating cancer in an animal which comprises administering to said animal in need of such treatment an anti-cancer effective amount of a compound according to any of Claims 123-135 or Claims 190-201.
EP93914032A 1992-05-21 1993-05-20 Stilbene derivatives as anticancer agents Withdrawn EP0641301A1 (en)

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