[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0539297A1 - Device with adjustable frequency selective surface - Google Patents

Device with adjustable frequency selective surface Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0539297A1
EP0539297A1 EP92402888A EP92402888A EP0539297A1 EP 0539297 A1 EP0539297 A1 EP 0539297A1 EP 92402888 A EP92402888 A EP 92402888A EP 92402888 A EP92402888 A EP 92402888A EP 0539297 A1 EP0539297 A1 EP 0539297A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
components
series
control
patterns
deposited
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92402888A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0539297B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Résidence Parc Caudéran France
Jean-Jacques Résidence Rosiers Bellevue Niez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0539297A1 publication Critical patent/EP0539297A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0539297B1 publication Critical patent/EP0539297B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device with frequency selective surface comprising at least one network of conductive elements constituting elementary patterns.
  • the price to be paid expressed in kilograms per square meter of coating, may appear high compared to the reduction in reflectivity obtained, and the power to be dissipated.
  • the frequency selective surfaces constituted by conductive patterns isolated from each other and repeating periodically on the same surface, can be used to constitute very effective non-reflecting structures for a very narrow frequency or band. of given frequency.
  • the operating wavelength is very closely linked to the dimensions of the patterns, and it is therefore impossible to obtain with such surfaces a low reflectivity in very wide frequency ranges.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a device with frequency selective surface comprising at least one network of conductive elements constituting elementary patterns, characterized in that it comprises coupling means between the conductive elements, selected and controlled by means of control so as to modify the apparent dimension of the patterns thus making the selective network tunable over a wide range of frequencies, in that these coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components, a second series of electronic components making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to control their conduction, and in that the components of the second series are connected by at least one addressing wire to the control means.
  • the coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components and a second series of electronic components making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to control their conduction.
  • FIG. 1 the diagram of a device according to the invention.
  • This device is a device with frequency selective surface tunable. It comprises a network 1 of conductive elements bearing the reference 2. These conductive elements 2 constitute elementary patterns such as those which are for example represented in this figure in a cruciform form.
  • the array is capable of absorbing radiofrequency radiation at a given desired frequency and of behaving in a mirror, that is to say on a reflective surface for radiofrequency radiation. frequency other than this given frequency.
  • the elementary patterns will be able to be coupled together according to predetermined configurations which will make the surface, that is to say the network of conductive elements, tunable in a wide range of frequencies.
  • the device with frequency selective surface is made tunable, that is to say that it can be absorbent with respect to radiofrequency radiation in a wide frequency range.
  • this device also makes it possible, as will be described later, to act as a broadband transmit-receive antenna.
  • FIG. 1 also shows control means 3 and means 4 making it possible to establish couplings between the conductive elements of the various elementary patterns.
  • the control means 3 are capable of receiving different frequencies over a wide range of frequencies and of controlling and selecting the coupling means 4 so as to modify the apparent dimension of the elementary patterns making thus the selective network tunable on each of the input frequencies f1, f2, ... fn.
  • control means 3 make it possible to perform a matrix addressing of the network to select and control the couplings between elementary patterns. According to another aspect of the invention which will be detailed later, instead of performing a matrix addressing it will be possible under certain conditions to perform a parallel addressing.
  • control means comprise a memory 31 and a processor 32.
  • the memory contains the different possible configurations to be given to the network as a function of the input frequencies which the processor can receive.
  • the processor makes it possible to go read in the memory the configuration to be given to this network according to the frequency which it receives and to address the network accordingly to order or control the couplings to be carried out.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a portion of the network and shows in more detail the coupling means according to the invention.
  • These coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components 44 capable of establishing a coupling and a second series of electronic components 45 making it possible to actuate the components of the first series.
  • a coupling component 44 is provided between the ends of the patterns (cruciform) lying in the same alignment. According to the embodiment which is represented in FIG. 2, we therefore have coupling components 44 along lines and according to columns, lines and columns which will make it possible, as will be detailed, to select these components to control them so as to produce or not to produce coupling between the two elementary patterns to which they are connected.
  • the second series of components 45 makes it possible to select and command or control the coupling carried out by the components 44.
  • a component 45 is provided for component 44.
  • These components 45 are therefore found in a matrix form and are connected to conductor lines 42 and to conductive columns 41.
  • the lines 42 allow the row addressing into coupling components and the columns 41 allow the column addressing of these components.
  • the processor 32 of FIG. 1 makes it possible to send control signals over these addressing control wires which will allow the components 45 to control the components 44 so that these components 44 assume the logic state corresponding to the logic state which has been recorded in memory 31 for the input frequency received by processor 32.
  • FIG. 2B makes it possible to detail, in a functional manner, the connections made by the components 44 and by the components 45.
  • a component 44 has two connection points bearing the references 1 and 2 and a connection point 3.
  • the component receives a signal on its input 3, it performs the coupling symbolized by the switch between points 1 and 2 which in the network corresponds in fact to a coupling between two elementary patterns according to a given alignment.
  • Component 45 has two addressing inputs which are inputs 1 and 2, a control voltage output which is point 3 and an input which is the supply voltage VCC.
  • the address entry points are connected to the address control wires 41 and 42 of the network.
  • the components used to establish the couplings and establish the selection and coupling commands are of the switch type.
  • the device according to the invention can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. In the latter case the two networks which it comprises are on two superimposed planes.
  • the diagrams as represented for example in FIG. 1 and which has also been partially represented in FIG. 2A shows a single network of conductive elements constituting metallic elementary patterns (possibly endowed with magnetic properties of ferromagnetic type) cruciform, square or stick-shaped. Their repetition step in the directions of the plane can be equal or different.
  • These elementary patterns can be associated with each other locally. For this they will be coupled together so as to form groups of elementary patterns.
  • an appropriate control signal of the coupling components 44 will be used depending on the choice of these components so that they do not operate in all or nothing. This control will make it possible to pass continuously from the short circuit to an open circuit, which also relatively modifies the electromagnetic properties of the filter without necessarily the effective electromagnetic pitch of the network being modified.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a possible decoupling of the magnetic properties and electrical associated with the shapes of the elementary patterns.
  • the components of the switch type 44 are controlled at the level of their control by switches 45 of the MOSFET type for example, one of the ends of which is connected to a power source and the controls of which (these are grids for MOSFET transistors) are independently controlled from one another by the matrix addressing mode which has been previously described and which is of the type found in DRAM memories as already described.
  • the memory provided in the control means is loaded by the various configurations of the patterns which it is desired to implement on the network. This memory could contain the pitch of the patterns, the radioelectric properties of the air gap.
  • the processor is capable of going to read in the memory the information which will enable it to supply addressing command signals to obtain this configuration.
  • a network it is possible, for example, to deposit the elementary patterns, the components and the addressing lines on or in an insulating surface (constituting a substrate).
  • This substrate can be for example silicon oxide.
  • the deposition and etching techniques are used which seventy to the realization of microelectronic circuits.
  • Such a network behaves electromagnetically and or infrared as a frequency selective surface.
  • coupling means in said network makes it possible to control the equivalent dielectric properties of the material located between the elementary patterns and which has been called air gap. This control can lead to extreme situations which are complete electrical insulation or short circuit.
  • components 44 and 45 and of the addressing lines 1, 2 which is carried out by conventional deposition and etching techniques used in microelectronics can be carried out on separate planes from that on which the patterns 2 are placed. components and lines can therefore be in the insulating surface (substrate) or on this insulating surface.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a possible configuration obtained for the device according to the invention.
  • the continuity of the air gaps between the different elementary patterns has been symbolized by a continuity of the patterns.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another possible configuration in which the network has independent elementary patterns on its periphery.
  • the interior of the network constitutes a mesh of rectangular shape.
  • This configuration can be used to make a radiofrequency transmit-receive antenna.
  • the network will further include, as can be seen in section AA 'shown diagrammatically below the network, means 6 for radiofrequency supply of the radiating elements.
  • This section AA therefore shows the radiating elements 2 on the surface of the dielectric substrate 10.
  • the radiating elements 2 are supplied by conductive lines 6 which pass through the substrate.
  • the substrate also includes for this, for example on its underside, a conductive structure 7 constituting an electrical mass for the device.
  • the device as described with reference to FIG. 4 can have a configuration for operating as an antenna only for the time strictly necessary for the transmission-reception function, which only changes the reflectivity of the surface for very short times. Outside these transmission-reception periods, the device remains a tunable frequency selective surface.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a device with frequency-selective surface including at least one network (1) of conducting elements constituting elementary patterns (2). According to the invention, the device includes coupling means (4) between the conducting elements, selected and controlled by control means (3) so as to modify the apparent dimension of the patterns, thereby rendering the selective network tunable within a wide frequency range, these coupling means (4) including a first series of electronic components (44), a second series of electronic components (45) making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to monitor their conduction, the components (45) of the second series being connected by at least one addressing wire (41, 42) to the control means (3). <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif à surface sélective en fréquence comportant au moins un réseau d'éléments conducteurs constituant des motifs élémentaires.The invention relates to a device with frequency selective surface comprising at least one network of conductive elements constituting elementary patterns.

La réduction de la surface équivalente radar d'une cible peut être obtenue de façon classique, en la revêtant de matériaux absorbant les ondes électromagnétiques. De nombreuses catégories de revêtements existent et présentent malheureusement toutes des inconvénients. Par exemple :

  • les revêtements absorbants minces par rapport à la longueur d'onde doivent présenter des pertes magnétiques. Ils sont donc très denses et ne peuvent être accordés que dans des gammes de fréquences limitées : l'octave, ou quelques octaves au plus, selon l'absorption recherchée,
  • les revêtements absorbants épais permettent de résoudre ce problème de la bande passante, mais à condition toutefois que le coefficient de réflexion à l'interface vide-matériau soit faible. Ce coefficient fixe les performances d'ensemble de la structure absorbante. Ceci ne peut être obtenu qu'avec des matériaux très peu denses, surtout si une très faible réflectivité est recherchée. Il s'agit alors de produits fragiles, qui doivent être nécessairement placés à la surface de l'objet à protéger,
  • dans tous les cas, la meilleure efficacité n'est obtenue qu'en revêtant à peu près complètement la cible, ce qui présente de nombreux inconvénients de conception,
  • et enfin, l'efficacité des absorbants est très variable selon la forme de la cible, l'angle d'arrivée des ondes ainsi que leur polarisation.
The reduction of the radar equivalent surface of a target can be obtained in a conventional manner, by coating it with materials absorbing electromagnetic waves. Many categories of coatings exist and unfortunately all have drawbacks. For example :
  • the absorbent coatings thin with respect to the wavelength must exhibit magnetic losses. They are therefore very dense and can only be tuned in limited frequency ranges: the octave, or a few octaves at most, depending on the absorption sought,
  • thick absorbent coatings make it possible to solve this problem of bandwidth, but on condition however that the reflection coefficient at the vacuum-material interface is low. This coefficient fixes the overall performance of the absorbent structure. This can only be obtained with very sparse materials, especially if very low reflectivity is desired. These are fragile products, which must necessarily be placed on the surface of the object to be protected,
  • in all cases, the best efficiency is obtained only by coating the target almost completely, which has many design drawbacks,
  • and finally, the efficiency of the absorbents is very variable depending on the shape of the target, the angle of arrival of the waves and their polarization.

Le prix à payer, exprimé en kilogramme par mètre carré de revêtement, peut paraître élevé en regard de la réduction de réflectivité obtenue, et de la puissance à dissiper.The price to be paid, expressed in kilograms per square meter of coating, may appear high compared to the reduction in reflectivity obtained, and the power to be dissipated.

Il est par ailleurs connu que les surfaces sélectives en fréquences, constituées par des motifs conducteurs isolés les uns des autres et se répétant périodiquement sur la même surface, peuvent être utilisées pour constituer des structures non réfléchissantes très efficaces pour une fréquence ou une bande très étroite de fréquence donnée.It is moreover known that the frequency selective surfaces, constituted by conductive patterns isolated from each other and repeating periodically on the same surface, can be used to constitute very effective non-reflecting structures for a very narrow frequency or band. of given frequency.

En effet la longueur d'onde de fonctionnement est très étroitement liée aux dimensions des motifs, et il est par conséquent impossible d'obtenir avec de telles surfaces une réflectivité basse dans de très larges gammes de fréquences.In fact, the operating wavelength is very closely linked to the dimensions of the patterns, and it is therefore impossible to obtain with such surfaces a low reflectivity in very wide frequency ranges.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif à surface sélective en fréquence comportant au moins un réseau d'éléments conducteurs constituant des motifs élémentaires, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de couplage entre les éléments conducteurs, sélectionnés et commandés par des moyens de commande de manière à modifier la dimension apparente des motifs rendant ainsi le réseau sélectif accordable dans une large gamme de fréquences, en ce que ces moyens de couplage comportent une première série de composants électroniques, une deuxième série de composants électroniques permettant d'actionner les composants de la première série et de contrôler leur conduction, et en ce que les composants de la deuxième série sont reliés par au moins un fil d'adressage aux moyens de commande.The invention relates to a device with frequency selective surface comprising at least one network of conductive elements constituting elementary patterns, characterized in that it comprises coupling means between the conductive elements, selected and controlled by means of control so as to modify the apparent dimension of the patterns thus making the selective network tunable over a wide range of frequencies, in that these coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components, a second series of electronic components making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to control their conduction, and in that the components of the second series are connected by at least one addressing wire to the control means.

Ce dispositif permet d'obtenir une modulation à volonté de la dimension apparente des motifs et ainsi :

  • de réaliser une surface sélective à fréquence d'accord variable,
  • de réaliser des structures absorbantes à profondeur "électrique" (celle vue par les ondes) variables,
  • de réaliser des antennes d'émission/réception non réfléchissantes entre deux émission- réception.
This device makes it possible to obtain an unlimited modulation of the apparent dimension of the patterns and thus:
  • to create a selective surface with variable tuning frequency
  • to make absorbent structures with variable "electric" depth (the one seen by waves),
  • to make non-reflective transmit / receive antennas between two transmit-receive.

Une autre caractéristique de l'invention consiste en ce que les moyens de couplage comportent une première série de composants électroniques et une deuxième série de composants électroniques permettant d'actionner les composants de la première série et de contrôler leur conduction.Another characteristic of the invention consists in that the coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components and a second series of electronic components making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to control their conduction.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre illustratif et non limitatif et en regard des dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un schéma de principe du dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2A représente un schéma partiel plus détaillé du réseau de motifs élémentaire du dispositif conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2B représente le schéma d'un détail selon la figure 2A,
  • la figure 3 représente le schéma du réseau du dispositif selon l'invention correspondant à une configuration donnée,
  • la figure 4 illustre le schéma d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention dans le cas où ce dispositif peut aussi être utilisé en tant qu'antenne radiofréquence d'émission-réception.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given by way of illustration and not limitation and with reference to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of the device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2A represents a more detailed partial diagram of the network of elementary patterns of the device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2B represents the diagram of a detail according to FIG. 2A,
  • FIG. 3 represents the network diagram of the device according to the invention corresponding to a given configuration,
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the diagram of a device according to the invention in the case where this device can also be used as a radiofrequency transmit-receive antenna.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 le schéma d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention. Ce dispositif est un dispositif à surface sélective en fréquence accordable. Il comporte un réseau 1 d'éléments conducteurs portant la référence 2. Ces éléments conducteurs 2 constituent des motifs élémentaires tels que ceux qui sont par exemple représentés sur cette figure sous une forme cruciforme.There is shown in Figure 1 the diagram of a device according to the invention. This device is a device with frequency selective surface tunable. It comprises a network 1 of conductive elements bearing the reference 2. These conductive elements 2 constitute elementary patterns such as those which are for example represented in this figure in a cruciform form.

Avec une telle configuration et en fonction de la taille des motifs élémentaires, le réseau est susceptible d'absorber un rayonnement radiofréquence à une fréquence donnée désirée et de se comporter en miroir c'est-à-dire en surface réfléchissante pour des rayonnements radiofréquence de fréquence autres que cette fréquence donnée.With such a configuration and as a function of the size of the elementary patterns, the array is capable of absorbing radiofrequency radiation at a given desired frequency and of behaving in a mirror, that is to say on a reflective surface for radiofrequency radiation. frequency other than this given frequency.

Cependant, conformément à l'invention les motifs élémentaires vont pouvoir être couplés entre eux selon des configurations prédéterminées qui vont rendre la surface, c'est-à-dire le réseau d'éléments conducteurs, accordable dans une large gamme de fréquences.However, in accordance with the invention, the elementary patterns will be able to be coupled together according to predetermined configurations which will make the surface, that is to say the network of conductive elements, tunable in a wide range of frequencies.

Ainsi le dispositif à surface sélective en fréquence est rendu accordable c'est-à-dire qu'il pourra être absorbant vis-à-vis d'un rayonnement radiofréquence dans une large gamme de fréquence.Thus the device with frequency selective surface is made tunable, that is to say that it can be absorbent with respect to radiofrequency radiation in a wide frequency range.

Conformément à l'invention ce dispositif permet également comme cela sera décrit ultérieurement de se comporter en antenne d'émission-réception large bande.In accordance with the invention, this device also makes it possible, as will be described later, to act as a broadband transmit-receive antenna.

Sur la figure 1, on a également représenté des moyens de commande 3 et des moyens 4 permettant d'établir des couplages entre les éléments conducteurs des différents motifs élémentaires.FIG. 1 also shows control means 3 and means 4 making it possible to establish couplings between the conductive elements of the various elementary patterns.

Les moyens de commande 3 sont susceptibles de recevoir différentes fréquences dans une large gamme de fréquences et de commander et sélectionner les moyens de couplage 4 de manière à modifier la dimension apparente des motifs élémentaires rendant ainsi le réseau sélectif accordable sur chacune des fréquences d'entrée f1, f2,...fn.The control means 3 are capable of receiving different frequencies over a wide range of frequencies and of controlling and selecting the coupling means 4 so as to modify the apparent dimension of the elementary patterns making thus the selective network tunable on each of the input frequencies f1, f2, ... fn.

Selon un aspect de l'invention les moyens de commande 3 permettent de réaliser un adressage matriciel du réseau pour sélectionner et commander les couplages entre motifs élémentaires. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention qui sera détaillé ultérieurement, au lieu de réaliser un adressage matriciel l'on pourra dans certaines conditions réaliser un adressage parrallèle.According to one aspect of the invention, the control means 3 make it possible to perform a matrix addressing of the network to select and control the couplings between elementary patterns. According to another aspect of the invention which will be detailed later, instead of performing a matrix addressing it will be possible under certain conditions to perform a parallel addressing.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention les moyens de commande comportent une mémoire 31 et un processeur 32. La mémoire contient les différentes configurations possibles à donner au réseau en fonction des fréquences d'entrée qu'est succeptible de recevoir le processeur.According to another aspect of the invention, the control means comprise a memory 31 and a processor 32. The memory contains the different possible configurations to be given to the network as a function of the input frequencies which the processor can receive.

Le processeur permet d'aller lire dans la mémoire la configuration à donner à ce réseau suivant la fréquence qu'il reçoit et d'adresser le réseau en conséquence pour commander ou contrôler les couplages à réaliser.The processor makes it possible to go read in the memory the configuration to be given to this network according to the frequency which it receives and to address the network accordingly to order or control the couplings to be carried out.

La description va maintenant être détaillée simplement à partir du schéma des figures 2A et 2B. Le schéma de la figure 2A illustre une portion du réseau et fait apparaître plus en détail les moyens de couplage conformes à l'invention.The description will now be detailed simply from the diagram in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The diagram in FIG. 2A illustrates a portion of the network and shows in more detail the coupling means according to the invention.

Ces moyens de couplage comportent une première série de composants électroniques 44 susceptibles d'établir un couplage et une deuxième série de composants électroniques 45 permettant d'actionner les composants de la première série.These coupling means comprise a first series of electronic components 44 capable of establishing a coupling and a second series of electronic components 45 making it possible to actuate the components of the first series.

Un composant de couplage 44 est prévu entre les extrémités des motifs (cruciformes) se trouvant suivant le même alignement. Selon le mode de réalisation qui est représenté sur la figure 2, on a donc des composants de couplage 44 suivant des lignes et suivant des colonnes, lignes et colonnes qui vont permettre comme cela va être détaillé de sélectionner ces composants pour les commander de manière à réaliser ou à ne pas réaliser de couplage entre les deux motifs élémentaires auxquels ils sont reliés.A coupling component 44 is provided between the ends of the patterns (cruciform) lying in the same alignment. According to the embodiment which is represented in FIG. 2, we therefore have coupling components 44 along lines and according to columns, lines and columns which will make it possible, as will be detailed, to select these components to control them so as to produce or not to produce coupling between the two elementary patterns to which they are connected.

La deuxième série de composants 45 permet de sélectionner et de commander ou de contrôler le couplage effectué par les composants 44. Un composant 45 est prévu par composant 44. Ces composants 45 se retrouvent donc sous une forme matricielle et sont reliés à des lignes de conductrices 42 et à des colonnes conductrices 41. Les lignes 42 permettent l'adressage ligne en composants de couplage et les colonnes 41 permettent l'adressage colonne de ces composants.The second series of components 45 makes it possible to select and command or control the coupling carried out by the components 44. A component 45 is provided for component 44. These components 45 are therefore found in a matrix form and are connected to conductor lines 42 and to conductive columns 41. The lines 42 allow the row addressing into coupling components and the columns 41 allow the column addressing of these components.

Ces lignes 42 et ces colonnes 41 constituent des fils de commande d'adressage.These lines 42 and these columns 41 constitute addressing control wires.

Le processeur 32 de la figure 1 permet d'envoyer des signaux de commande sur ces fils de commande d'adressage qui vont permettre aux composants 45 de commander les composants 44 de manière à ce que ces composants 44 prennent l'état logique correspondant à l'état logique qui a été enregistré dans la mémoire 31 pour la fréquence d'entrée qu'a reçu le processeur 32.The processor 32 of FIG. 1 makes it possible to send control signals over these addressing control wires which will allow the components 45 to control the components 44 so that these components 44 assume the logic state corresponding to the logic state which has been recorded in memory 31 for the input frequency received by processor 32.

Le schéma de la figure 2B permet de détailler, de façon fonctionnelle, les connexions réalisées par les composants 44 et par les composants 45.The diagram in FIG. 2B makes it possible to detail, in a functional manner, the connections made by the components 44 and by the components 45.

Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure 2B un composant 44 a deux points de connexion portant les références 1 et 2 et un point de connexion 3. Lorsque le composant reçoit un signal sur son entrée 3, il réalise le couplage symbolisé par l'interrupteur entre les points 1 et 2 qui dans le réseau correspond en fait à un couplage entre deux motifs élémentaires suivant un alignement donné.As can be seen in this FIG. 2B, a component 44 has two connection points bearing the references 1 and 2 and a connection point 3. When the component receives a signal on its input 3, it performs the coupling symbolized by the switch between points 1 and 2 which in the network corresponds in fact to a coupling between two elementary patterns according to a given alignment.

Le composant 45 comporte deux entrées d'adressage qui sont les entrées 1 et 2, une sortie de tension de commande qui est le point 3 et une entrée qui est la tension d'alimentation VCC. Les points d'entrée d'adressage sont reliés aux fils de commande d'adressage 41 et 42 du réseau.Component 45 has two addressing inputs which are inputs 1 and 2, a control voltage output which is point 3 and an input which is the supply voltage VCC. The address entry points are connected to the address control wires 41 and 42 of the network.

Conformément à l'invention les composants utilisés pour établir les couplages et établir les commandes de sélection et de couplage sont du type interrupteur.In accordance with the invention, the components used to establish the couplings and establish the selection and coupling commands are of the switch type.

Le dispositif conforme à l'invention peut être bidimensionnel ou tridimensionnel. Dans ce dernier cas les deux réseaux qu'il comporte sont sur deux plans superposés.The device according to the invention can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. In the latter case the two networks which it comprises are on two superimposed planes.

De façon pratique les schémas tels que représentés par exemple sur la figure 1 et qui a également été représenté de façon partielle sur la figure 2A montre un seul réseau d'éléments conducteurs constituant des motifs élémentaires métalliques (éventuellement doté de propriétés magnétiques de type ferromagnétique) de forme cruciforme, carrée ou en forme de bâton. Leur pas de répétition dans les directions du plan peuvent être égaux ou différents.In practical terms, the diagrams as represented for example in FIG. 1 and which has also been partially represented in FIG. 2A shows a single network of conductive elements constituting metallic elementary patterns (possibly endowed with magnetic properties of ferromagnetic type) cruciform, square or stick-shaped. Their repetition step in the directions of the plane can be equal or different.

Ces motifs élémentaires peuvent être associés entre eux de façon locale. Pour cela ils seront couplés entre eux de manière à former des groupes de motifs élémentaires.These elementary patterns can be associated with each other locally. For this they will be coupled together so as to form groups of elementary patterns.

Le couplage, lorsqu'il est réalisé entre ces différents motifs élémentaires permet de rendre conducteur l'entrefer entre certaines croix contigues et ce, en respectant une périodicité dans les deux directions du plan. Ces couplages ont pour effet de changer la taille et éventuellement la forme des motifs élémentaires et en conséquence de modifier les fréquences d'accord du filtre électromagnétique ainsi réalisé.Coupling, when it is carried out between these different elementary patterns makes it possible to conduct the air gap between certain contiguous crosses, while respecting a periodicity in the two directions of the plane. These couplings have the effect of change the size and possibly the shape of the elementary patterns and consequently modify the tuning frequencies of the electromagnetic filter thus produced.

Pour obtenir un contrôle des propriétés de l'entrefer on utilisera un signal de commande approprié des composants de couplages 44 en fonction du choix de ces composants pour qu'ils ne fonctionnent pas en tout ou rien. Ce contrôle va permettre de passer de façon continue du court-circuit à un circuit ouvert ce qui relativement modifie aussi les propriétés électromagnétiques du filtre sans que nécessairement le pas électromagnétique efficace du réseau se trouve modifié.To obtain a control of the properties of the air gap, an appropriate control signal of the coupling components 44 will be used depending on the choice of these components so that they do not operate in all or nothing. This control will make it possible to pass continuously from the short circuit to an open circuit, which also relatively modifies the electromagnetic properties of the filter without necessarily the effective electromagnetic pitch of the network being modified.

Selon le type de composants électroniques utilisé dans l'entrefer entre les motifs élémentaires et en particulier comme on va le voir dans la suite dans le cas où l'on utilise des diodes, l'invention permet d'obtenir un découplage possible des propriétés magnétiques et électriques associées aux formes des motifs élémentaires.According to the type of electronic components used in the air gap between the elementary patterns and in particular as will be seen below in the case where diodes are used, the invention makes it possible to obtain a possible decoupling of the magnetic properties and electrical associated with the shapes of the elementary patterns.

Les composants pouvant être utilisés pour constituer l'entrefer entre les motifs élémentaires sont des composants de type interrupteur. Ces composants peuvent être :

  • soit un composant photosensible déclenché par une diode photoluminescente le composant photosensible étant le composant 44 et la diode photoluminescente étant alors le composant 45,
  • soit un composant à trois entrées. On utilisera par exemple des transistors MOS ou bipolaire en technologie silicium ou MESFET en technologie semi-conducteur III, V,
  • soit un composant à deux entrées à fonction de transfert non linéaire de type diode.
The components that can be used to constitute the air gap between the elementary patterns are components of the switch type. These components can be:
  • either a photosensitive component triggered by a photoluminescent diode, the photosensitive component being component 44 and the photoluminescent diode then being component 45,
  • or a component with three inputs. We will use for example MOS or bipolar transistors in silicon technology or MESFET in semiconductor technology III, V,
  • or a component with two inputs with non-linear diode transfer function.

Conformément à l'invention les composants de type interrupteurs 44 sont pilotées au niveau de leur commande par des interrupteurs 45 de type MOSFET par exemple, dont une des extrémités est reliée à une source de puissance et dont les commandes (il s'agit des grilles pour des transistors MOSFET) sont pilotées indépendament les une des autres par le mode d'adressage matriciel qui a été précédement décrit et qui est du type de celui que l'on trouve dans les mémoires DRAM comme cela a déjà été décrit. La mémoire prévue dans les moyens de commande est chargée par les diverses configurations des motifs que l'on désire implémenter sur le réseau. Cette mémoire pourra contenir le pas des motifs, les propriétés radioélectriques de l'entrefer. Le processeur est capable d'aller lire dans la mémoire les informations qui vont lui permettre de fournir des signaux de commandes d'adressage pour obtenir cette configuration.In accordance with the invention, the components of the switch type 44 are controlled at the level of their control by switches 45 of the MOSFET type for example, one of the ends of which is connected to a power source and the controls of which (these are grids for MOSFET transistors) are independently controlled from one another by the matrix addressing mode which has been previously described and which is of the type found in DRAM memories as already described. The memory provided in the control means is loaded by the various configurations of the patterns which it is desired to implement on the network. This memory could contain the pitch of the patterns, the radioelectric properties of the air gap. The processor is capable of going to read in the memory the information which will enable it to supply addressing command signals to obtain this configuration.

Pour réaliser un tel réseau on pourra par exemple déposer les motifs élémentaires les composants et les lignes d'adressage sur ou dans une surface isolante (constituant un substrat). Ce substrat peut être par exemple de l'oxyde de silicium. Pour la réalisation du (ou des réseaux) on utilise les techniques de dépôt et de gravure qui sevent à la réalisation de circuits microélectroniques.To make such a network, it is possible, for example, to deposit the elementary patterns, the components and the addressing lines on or in an insulating surface (constituting a substrate). This substrate can be for example silicon oxide. For the realization of (or the networks), the deposition and etching techniques are used which seventy to the realization of microelectronic circuits.

Un tel réseau se comporte au plan électromagnétique et ou infrarouge comme une surface sélective en fréquence.Such a network behaves electromagnetically and or infrared as a frequency selective surface.

L'implémentation de moyens de couplage dans ledit réseau permet de contrôler les propriétés diélectriqes équivalentes du matériau situé entre les motifs élémentaires et que l'on a appellé entrefer. Ce contrôle peut aboutir aux situations extrèmes qui sont l'isolation électrique complète ou le court circuit.The implementation of coupling means in said network makes it possible to control the equivalent dielectric properties of the material located between the elementary patterns and which has been called air gap. This control can lead to extreme situations which are complete electrical insulation or short circuit.

L'implémentation des composants 44 et 45 et des lignes d'adressage 1, 2 qui est réalisée par des techniques de dépôt et de gravure classiques utilisées en microélectronique peut être réalisée sur des plans distincts de celui sur lequel sont placés les motifs 2. Les composants et les lignes peuvent donc être dans la surface isolante (substrat) ou sur cette surface isolante.The implementation of components 44 and 45 and of the addressing lines 1, 2 which is carried out by conventional deposition and etching techniques used in microelectronics can be carried out on separate planes from that on which the patterns 2 are placed. components and lines can therefore be in the insulating surface (substrate) or on this insulating surface.

Dans le cas d'une réalisation tridimensionnelle les deux réseaux réalisés seront superposés.In the case of a three-dimensional embodiment, the two networks produced will be superimposed.

Le schéma de la figure 3 permet d'illustrer une configuration possible obtenu pour le dispositif conformément à l'invention. Sur cette figure on a symbolisé par une continuité des motifs la fermeture des entrefers entre les différents motifs élémentaires.The diagram in Figure 3 illustrates a possible configuration obtained for the device according to the invention. In this figure, the continuity of the air gaps between the different elementary patterns has been symbolized by a continuity of the patterns.

Les entrefers pour lesquels les interrupteurs ont été fermés n'apparaissent donc plus sur ce schéma les interrupteurs assurant le couplage entre les motifs élémentaires n'ont pas non plu été représentés.The air gaps for which the switches have been closed therefore no longer appear on this diagram. The switches ensuring the coupling between the elementary patterns have also not been shown.

La figure 4 permet d'illustrer une autre configuration possible dans laquelle le réseau comporte des motifs élémentaires indépendants sur sa périphérie. L'intérieur du réseau constitue un maillage de forme rectangulaire. Cette configuration peut servir à réaliser une antenne d'émission-réception radiofréquence. Pour cela le réseau va comporter en plus comme on peut le voir sur la coupe AA' schématisée au-dessous du réseau des moyens 6 d'alimentation radiofréquence des éléments rayonnant. On voit donc sur cette coupe AA les éléments rayonnants 2 en surface du substrat diélectrique 10. L'alimentation des éléments rayonnant 2 est réalisée par des lignes conductrices 6 qui traversent le substrat.Figure 4 illustrates another possible configuration in which the network has independent elementary patterns on its periphery. The interior of the network constitutes a mesh of rectangular shape. This configuration can be used to make a radiofrequency transmit-receive antenna. For this, the network will further include, as can be seen in section AA 'shown diagrammatically below the network, means 6 for radiofrequency supply of the radiating elements. This section AA therefore shows the radiating elements 2 on the surface of the dielectric substrate 10. The radiating elements 2 are supplied by conductive lines 6 which pass through the substrate.

Le substrat comporte également pour cela, par exemple sur sa face inférieure, une structure conductrice 7 constituant une masse électrique pour le dispositif.The substrate also includes for this, for example on its underside, a conductive structure 7 constituting an electrical mass for the device.

Le dispositif tel qu'il est décrit à propos de la figure 4 peut avoir une configuration pour fonctionner en antenne uniquement pendant le temps strictement nécessaire à la fonction émission-réception se qui ne modifie la réflectivité de la surface que pendant des temps très brefs. En dehors de ces périodes d'émission-réception le dispositif reste une surface sélective en fréquence accordable.The device as described with reference to FIG. 4 can have a configuration for operating as an antenna only for the time strictly necessary for the transmission-reception function, which only changes the reflectivity of the surface for very short times. Outside these transmission-reception periods, the device remains a tunable frequency selective surface.

Claims (14)

Dispositif à surface sélective en fréquence comportant au moins un réseau (1) d'éléments conducteurs constituant des motifs élémentaires (2), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de couplage (4) entre les éléments conducteurs, sélectionnés et commandés par des moyens de commande (3) de manière à modifier la dimension apparente des motifs rendant ainsi le réseau sélectif accordable dans une large gamme de fréquences, en ce que ces moyens de couplage (4) comportent une première série de composants électroniques (44), une deuxième série de composants électroniques (45) permettant d'actionner les composants de la première série et de contrôler leur conduction, et en ce que les composants (45) de la deuxième série sont reliés par au moins un fil d'adressage (41, 42) aux moyens de commande (3).Frequency selective surface device comprising at least one network (1) of conductive elements constituting elementary patterns (2), characterized in that it comprises coupling means (4) between the conductive elements, selected and controlled by control means (3) so as to modify the apparent dimension of the patterns thus making the selective network tunable over a wide range of frequencies, in that these coupling means (4) comprise a first series of electronic components (44), a second series of electronic components (45) making it possible to actuate the components of the first series and to control their conduction, and in that the components (45) of the second series are connected by at least one addressing wire (41, 42) to the control means (3). Dispositif à surface sélective selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande (3) comportent un processeur (32) pour envoyer des signaux de commande sur les fils de commande d'adressage, des moyens de mémorisation (31) de l'état dans lequel doit se trouver chaque composant (44) de la première série pour obtenir une sélectivité aux différentes fréquences désirées.Selective surface device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means (3) include a processor (32) for sending control signals to the address control wires, memory means (31) of the state in which each component (44) of the first series must be in order to obtain selectivity at the various desired frequencies. Dispositif à surface sélective selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque composant (45) de la deuxième série est relié à deux fils (41, 42) de commande d'adressage ligne-colonne permettant ainsi d'obtenir un adressage matriciel.Selective surface device according to claim 2, characterized in that each component (45) of the second series is connected to two wires (41, 42) for row-column addressing control, thus making it possible to obtain a matrix addressing. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications precédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composants (44, 45) sont du type interrupteur.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components (44, 45) are of the switch type. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composants (44) de la première série sont des composants photosensibles déclenchés par une diode photoluminescente.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components (44) of the first series are photosensitive components triggered by a photoluminescent diode. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les composants (44) de la première série sont des composants à trois entrées.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the components (44) of the first series are components with three inputs. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les composants (44) de la première série sont des composants à deux entrées à fonction de transfert non linéaire.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the components (44) of the first series are components with two inputs with non-linear transfer function. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composants (45) de la deuxième série sont des transistors du type MOSFET dont une électrode est reliée à une tension d'alimentation (VCC) et dont les électrodes de commande sont reliées aux fils de commande d'adressage (41, 42).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components (45) of the second series are MOSFET type transistors, one electrode of which is connected to a supply voltage (VCC) and the control electrodes of which are connected to the addressing control wires (41, 42). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les motifs documentaires (2) sont déposés sur une couche d'isolant (10).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the documentary patterns (2) are deposited on an insulating layer (10). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composants (44, 45) électroniques sont déposés sur la couche d'isolant (10) portant les motifs élémentaires (2).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic components (44, 45) are deposited on the insulating layer (10) carrying the elementary patterns (2). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les composants électroniques (44, 45) sont déposés sur une première couche d'isolant, les éléments conducteurs étant déposés sur une deuxième couche d'isolant, la deuxième couche étant superposée à la première.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electronic components (44, 45) are deposited on a first layer of insulation, the conductive elements being deposited on a second layer of insulation, the second layer being superimposed on the first. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte plusieurs réseaux de motifs élémentaires, chacun étant déposé sur une couche d'isolant, les différentes couches étant superposées, le dispositif constituant ainsi une structure absorbante à profondeur électrique variable.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the device comprises several networks of elementary patterns, each one being deposited on a layer of insulation, the different layers being superimposed, the device thus constituting an absorbent structure at depth. variable electric. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les composants électroniques assurant les couplages pour un réseau donné sont déposés sur la couche d'isolant portant les éléments conducteurs correspondants.Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic components ensuring the couplings for a given network are deposited on the insulating layer carrying the corresponding conductive elements. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments conducteurs sont reliés à des moyens (6) d'alimentation radiofréquence de manière à pouvoir fonctionner en antenne d'émission-réception.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive elements are connected to means (6) of radio frequency supply so as to be able to operate as a transmit-receive antenna.
EP19920402888 1991-10-25 1992-10-22 Device with adjustable frequency selective surface Expired - Lifetime EP0539297B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113202 1991-10-25
FR919113202A FR2683050B1 (en) 1991-10-25 1991-10-25 DEVICE WITH SELECTIVE SURFACE IN TUNABLE FREQUENCY.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0539297A1 true EP0539297A1 (en) 1993-04-28
EP0539297B1 EP0539297B1 (en) 1997-05-28

Family

ID=9418325

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920402888 Expired - Lifetime EP0539297B1 (en) 1991-10-25 1992-10-22 Device with adjustable frequency selective surface

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0539297B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69219993T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2683050B1 (en)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2119216C1 (en) * 1996-08-13 1998-09-20 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения Electromagnetic wave absorber and process of its manufacture
WO2001073893A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc A tunable impedance surface
US6426722B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-07-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Polarization converting radio frequency reflecting surface
US6483481B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Textured surface having high electromagnetic impedance in multiple frequency bands
US6496155B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2002-12-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc. End-fire antenna or array on surface with tunable impedance
US6518931B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-02-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Vivaldi cloverleaf antenna
US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-04-08 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US6552696B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-04-22 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electronically tunable reflector
US6670921B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-12-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface
US6739028B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-05-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Molded high impedance surface and a method of making same
US6812903B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2004-11-02 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Radio frequency aperture
FR2858469A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-04 Univ Rennes RESONANT CAVITY ANTENNA, RECONFIGURABLE
EP1566859A3 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-09-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Dynamic frequency selective surfaces
EP1557904A3 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-09-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring antenna system with memory
EP1722618A4 (en) * 2004-03-01 2008-10-29 Nitta Corp Electromagnetic wave absorber
US7558555B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2009-07-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring subsystems for glass antenna
US8212739B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-07-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Multiband tunable impedance surface
US8380132B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2013-02-19 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring antenna with addressable switch controller
CN105739131A (en) * 2016-03-15 2016-07-06 华中科技大学 Film capable of conducting addressable electrical modulation on light reflectivity
CN105929567A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-09-07 华中科技大学 Double-channel electrically-controlled electric dimming transmission film with nano wire cluster electrode
CN105938259A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-14 华中科技大学 Film capable of electronically modulating light transmittance on basis of metal-based planar nanometer tip cluster electrode
CN105938260A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-14 华中科技大学 Film capable of electronically modulating light transmittance on basis of metal planar micro-nano wire tip electrode
WO2020136026A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-02 Thales Device with reconfigurable metasurface

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2197041C1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-20 Назаров Виктор Геннадьевич Method for producing radio-absorbing material
US7298228B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2007-11-20 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same
US7276990B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2007-10-02 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same
US7071888B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2006-07-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Steerable leaky wave antenna capable of both forward and backward radiation
US7456803B1 (en) 2003-05-12 2008-11-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Large aperture rectenna based on planar lens structures
US7245269B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2007-07-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Adaptive beam forming antenna system using a tunable impedance surface
US7253699B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2007-08-07 Hrl Laboratories, Llc RF MEMS switch with integrated impedance matching structure
US7164387B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2007-01-16 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Compact tunable antenna
US7068234B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2006-06-27 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Meta-element antenna and array
RU2264008C2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-11-10 Московский инженерно-физический институт (государственный университет) Method for producing trapping and transmitting membranes
US7307589B1 (en) 2005-12-29 2007-12-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Large-scale adaptive surface sensor arrays
US7868829B1 (en) 2008-03-21 2011-01-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Reflectarray
US8947892B1 (en) 2010-08-16 2015-02-03 The Boeing Company Electronic device protection
US8325495B2 (en) 2010-08-16 2012-12-04 The Boeing Company Electronic device protection
US8994609B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-31 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal surface wave feed
US9466887B2 (en) 2010-11-03 2016-10-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low cost, 2D, electronically-steerable, artificial-impedance-surface antenna
US8982011B1 (en) 2011-09-23 2015-03-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Conformal antennas for mitigation of structural blockage

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955201A (en) * 1974-07-29 1976-05-04 Crump Lloyd R Radar randome antenna with switchable R.F. transparency/reflectivity
US4684954A (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-08-04 Radant Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic energy shield
US4922253A (en) * 1989-01-03 1990-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High attenuation broadband high speed RF shutter and method of making same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955201A (en) * 1974-07-29 1976-05-04 Crump Lloyd R Radar randome antenna with switchable R.F. transparency/reflectivity
US4684954A (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-08-04 Radant Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic energy shield
US4922253A (en) * 1989-01-03 1990-05-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High attenuation broadband high speed RF shutter and method of making same

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2119216C1 (en) * 1996-08-13 1998-09-20 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения Electromagnetic wave absorber and process of its manufacture
US6426722B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-07-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Polarization converting radio frequency reflecting surface
US6812903B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2004-11-02 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Radio frequency aperture
US6518931B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-02-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Vivaldi cloverleaf antenna
WO2001073893A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc A tunable impedance surface
US6496155B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2002-12-17 Hrl Laboratories, Llc. End-fire antenna or array on surface with tunable impedance
US6552696B1 (en) 2000-03-29 2003-04-22 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electronically tunable reflector
US6483481B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Textured surface having high electromagnetic impedance in multiple frequency bands
US6545647B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-04-08 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system
US6739028B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2004-05-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Molded high impedance surface and a method of making same
US6670921B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-12-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface
US7197800B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2007-04-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Method of making a high impedance surface
FR2858469A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-04 Univ Rennes RESONANT CAVITY ANTENNA, RECONFIGURABLE
EP1557904A3 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-09-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring antenna system with memory
US7190325B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2007-03-13 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Dynamic frequency selective surfaces
EP1566859A3 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-09-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Dynamic frequency selective surfaces
EP1722618A4 (en) * 2004-03-01 2008-10-29 Nitta Corp Electromagnetic wave absorber
US7804439B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2010-09-28 Nitta Corporation Electromagnetic wave absorber
US8380132B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2013-02-19 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring antenna with addressable switch controller
US7558555B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2009-07-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Self-structuring subsystems for glass antenna
US8212739B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-07-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Multiband tunable impedance surface
CN105739131A (en) * 2016-03-15 2016-07-06 华中科技大学 Film capable of conducting addressable electrical modulation on light reflectivity
CN105739131B (en) * 2016-03-15 2018-11-02 华中科技大学 A kind of addressable electricity light modulation reflection efficiency thin film
CN105938259A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-14 华中科技大学 Film capable of electronically modulating light transmittance on basis of metal-based planar nanometer tip cluster electrode
CN105938260A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-14 华中科技大学 Film capable of electronically modulating light transmittance on basis of metal planar micro-nano wire tip electrode
CN105938260B (en) * 2016-06-02 2018-09-21 华中科技大学 A kind of electricity tune light transmittance film based on metal flat micro-nano line point electrode
CN105938259B (en) * 2016-06-02 2018-09-21 华中科技大学 It is a kind of based on metal ground plane receive sharp cluster electrode electricity adjust light transmittance film
CN105929567A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-09-07 华中科技大学 Double-channel electrically-controlled electric dimming transmission film with nano wire cluster electrode
WO2020136026A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-02 Thales Device with reconfigurable metasurface
FR3091420A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-03 Thales RECONFIGURABLE METASURFACE DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69219993T2 (en) 1997-12-18
EP0539297B1 (en) 1997-05-28
DE69219993D1 (en) 1997-07-03
FR2683050B1 (en) 1994-03-04
FR2683050A1 (en) 1993-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0539297B1 (en) Device with adjustable frequency selective surface
EP0237429B1 (en) Controlled-phase reflector array, and antenna comprising such an array
EP0800210B1 (en) Compact microwave module
CA2148796C (en) Monopolar wire-plate antenna
EP0374008B1 (en) Over the whole spherical space electronically scanning antenna with random and reduced three-dimensional distribution of the antenna elements
EP0805512A1 (en) Compact printed antenna with little radiation in elevation
FR2930079A1 (en) RADIATION SENSOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR RADAR
EP2795724A1 (en) Basic antenna, and corresponding one- or two-dimensional array antenna
EP4175068A1 (en) Antenna cell with transmitter or reflector array
EP1522121A1 (en) Phase-shifting cell for antenna reflector
FR2581254A1 (en) MICROWAVE DEPHASER, ESPECIALLY MILLIMETER WAVE, WITH PIEZOELECTRIC CONTROL AND ANTENNAS USING THE SAME
EP0519772A1 (en) Microwave antenna with optoelectronical controlled scanning
EP1234356A1 (en) Active electronic scan microwave reflector
EP0435739B1 (en) Magic microwave source and its application in an antenna with electronic scanning
FR2685550A1 (en) HYPERFREQUENCY REFLECTIVE ELEMENT.
EP0595726A1 (en) Phase shifter for electromagnetic waves and application in an antenna with electronic scanning
EP4189772A1 (en) Metasurface device
EP1157444B1 (en) Antenna with double-band electronic scanning, with active microwave reflector
FR2775146A1 (en) MECHANICAL SCANNING INTERFEROMETRIC RADIOMETRIC SYSTEM
FR2945674A1 (en) Beam misaligning device for beam scanning antenna in airplane, has prisms positioned in angular manner along radiation axis and producing inflexion of beam of antenna with variable amplitude relative to angular positioning between prisms
EP4131421A1 (en) Device for storing, control and handling of quantum information (qubits) on a semi-conductor
FR2858469A1 (en) RESONANT CAVITY ANTENNA, RECONFIGURABLE
FR2747842A1 (en) Microwave lens with panel of stacked phase shifting channels
EP0088681B1 (en) Dual-reflector antenna with incorporated polarizer
FR2890792A1 (en) Phased array antenna element for thermal radiator loop, has microfrequency plate formed on intrinsic semiconductor wafer, and diodes disposed on wafer, where diodes are independently polarized with respect to each other

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE DK GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19931004

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950818

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE DK GB IT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19970528

Ref country code: DK

Effective date: 19970528

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69219993

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970703

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970818

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19981007

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19981019

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19991022

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19991022

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000801