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EP0536185B1 - Verfahren zum wiederaufheizen eines stahlbades - Google Patents

Verfahren zum wiederaufheizen eines stahlbades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0536185B1
EP0536185B1 EP91910980A EP91910980A EP0536185B1 EP 0536185 B1 EP0536185 B1 EP 0536185B1 EP 91910980 A EP91910980 A EP 91910980A EP 91910980 A EP91910980 A EP 91910980A EP 0536185 B1 EP0536185 B1 EP 0536185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
bath
oxidizing gas
gas
fact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91910980A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0536185A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Defays
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArcelorMittal Liege Upstream SA
Original Assignee
Cockerill Sambre SA
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Application filed by Cockerill Sambre SA filed Critical Cockerill Sambre SA
Priority to AT9191910980T priority Critical patent/ATE105025T1/de
Publication of EP0536185A1 publication Critical patent/EP0536185A1/de
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Publication of EP0536185B1 publication Critical patent/EP0536185B1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/005—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using exothermic reaction compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for heating a bath of liquid steel contained in a metallurgical vessel.
  • Such a bath can be heated with a flame, or electrically.
  • a single consumable lance injects, under the liquid steel, oxidizing agents, in particular gaseous oxygen, and an inert gas, which are introduced, separately or as a mixture, at a depth of 15 to 40% of the bath, by a plurality of parallel channels.
  • oxidizing agents in particular gaseous oxygen, and an inert gas, which are introduced, separately or as a mixture, at a depth of 15 to 40% of the bath, by a plurality of parallel channels.
  • Aluminum is also introduced into the bath as close as possible to the oxygen injection point.
  • Also known from document EP-A-0352254 is a device for reheating a bath of liquid steel during filling from the top of a metallurgical container. This bath is covered with a slag rich in iron oxide. During the filling of the bag, a metal or an alloy capable of reacting with slag iron oxide and the bath oxides is injected through its bottom, on the one hand, and an inert gas on the other hand. In addition, the reheating is completed by the presence of a burner at the level of the pocket cover.
  • Such a device does not provide for the direct injection of oxidizing gas into the steel bath and is not intended to be used to heat the steel contained in an already filled pocket.
  • Document JP-A-5989708 describes a process by which a current is induced in a bath of liquid steel. An oxygen lance is introduced into the bath, and a stirring gas is injected into the bottom of the container by a porous brick located just in front of the oxygen lance. We observe uncontrollable turbulence in the steel, an imperfect distribution of the fuel and therefore a relatively low efficiency.
  • Patent CH-A-486935 discloses a pocket containing liquid steel above the surface of which is placed a bell surrounding a lance non-consumable which projects gaseous oxygen therein in a determined quantity.
  • a metallic fuel is introduced simultaneously, also in a determined quantity, and the exothermic reaction takes place above the bath.
  • an inert gas is injected by another lance, introduced obliquely to a depth of about 50% of the steel bath, and causes movements therein.
  • a device as described above has a low thermal efficiency and even if it avoids the problems of lance wear, it requires a lot of maintenance, does not ensure a perfect distribution of the temperature in the the entire bath of liquid steel and requires perfect mastery of a complex and expensive technology and process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a perfectly controlled metallothermic process for efficiently heating a bath of liquid steel already contained in a pocket.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process in which the yield relating to the consumption of oxygen and of combustible metal is constant and better than in the processes known from the prior art.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to obtain a very homogeneous distribution of the metallic fuel and thereby of the temperature in the bath of liquid steel, and this in a satisfactory period of time, and using simple and economical means.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method by which good cleanliness of the liquid steel bath can be easily obtained.
  • a final object of the invention is to provide a process by which there is practically no release of fumes above the bath and which does not add pollution to the environment.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for metallothermic heating of a bath of liquid steel contained in a metallurgical container, into which a metallic fuel is introduced and under the surface of which an oxidizing gas and a stirring gas are injected into which creates in the bath a current resulting from the injection of a stirring gas, by a means distinct from the means for injecting the oxidizing gas, and in which the metallic fuel is introduced into the current, so that it is brought into contact with the oxidizing gas, this process being characterized in that the axes of injection of the oxidizing gas and of the stirring gas are offset with respect to each other, and in that the injection of the gas stirring generates an ascending current in the liquid steel, this current becoming descending at the place of injection of the oxidizing gas.
  • a controllable current is created in the bath resulting from the injection of a stirring gas, by a means distinct from the means for injecting the oxidizing gas, and the metallic fuel is introduced into this current, so that it is brought into contact with the oxidizing gas.
  • the axes of injection of the stirring gas and the oxidizing gas offset from one another may for example be parallel to each other. They are also in this case perpendicular to the surface of the steel bath.
  • This procedure in fact makes it possible to distribute the fuel more regularly, to improve the settling of the products of the reaction and to standardize the temperature of the liquid steel bath, by promoting the exothermic reaction throughout the bath.
  • the streams of liquid steel thus generated entail impurities constituted in particular by the reaction products which can cause inclusions towards the upper part of the bath, more particularly the slag.
  • the relative positions of the axes of injection of the stirring gas and of the oxidizing gas and that of the metallic fuel can be defined as follows: the injection of the stirring gas generates a theoretical cone metal suction pipe, the top of which is at the injection site. Its generator extends the injection axis; its taper is a function of the gas flow rate, and the height of liquid steel in the metallurgical vessel. This cone has a base defining on the liquid steel surface a theoretical circle, the dimensions of which can be calculated.
  • the oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel in a substantially spherical area.
  • a corresponding second theoretical circle can be defined on the surface of the steel bath, the center of which is the axis of injection of oxidizing gas, and the dimensions of which can be calculated.
  • the two theoretical circles generated respectively by the injection of the stirring gas and by the injection of the oxidizing gas partially overlap by defining between them an intersection zone, into which the metallic fuel, preferably aluminum under wire form.
  • the metallic fuel is preferably introduced into the intersection zone, at a point of intersection between the circumferences of the two theoretical circles.
  • the means for injecting oxidizing gas is preferably a consumable lance which can be plunged to a lesser depth compared to the state of the art. Particularly advantageous results are obtained if the depth of the lance is maintained between 0 and 15% of the height of the bath of liquid steel contained in the metallurgical vessel, preferably between 3 and 30 cm.
  • the oxidizing gas is generally oxygen and the stirring gas is preferably a neutral gas, generally argon.
  • the stirring gas is injected at a depth greater than 60% of the height of the bath, and preferably as close as possible to the bottom of the pocket.
  • a porous element placed in the bottom coating of the metallurgical container.
  • a second lance immersed at great depth preferably greater than 60% of the height of the bath.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a metallurgical container such as for example a ladle 1, coated with a refractory material 3 and having, at its lower part, a tap hole 5 provided with equipment 7 for opening and closing said hole.
  • a stirring gas in this case argon, is injected by a porous element 9 placed in the bottom of the ladle 1.
  • the injection axis 91 constitutes the axis of a suction cone of metal 92.
  • the argon rises to the surface of the bath 11 and then escapes freely into the atmosphere.
  • the base of the cone 92 is located at the level of the surface of the bath. It has the shape of a circle 93 and is represented by a solid line in FIG. 2.
  • An aluminum wire 13 serving as metallic fuel is introduced into the bath 11.
  • This fuel reacts with oxygen which is then injected into the bath.
  • the reaction is highly exothermic and will advantageously be used to heat the bath efficiently and quickly and by obtaining an excellent distribution of the temperature, thanks to the relative arrangement of the various elements.
  • the oxygen is injected by a consumable lance 15, made of refractory material, which plunges into the bath of liquid steel 11 over a depth which can range from 0 to 15% of the height of the bath, considered under the slag zone 12 present at the surface.
  • Maintaining the immersion depth of the lance 15 is advantageously controlled by means known per se, and adapted as a function of the average wear speed of the lance.
  • a theoretical axis of injection of the oxidizing gas 151 can be defined in the liquid steel bath, this axis being located in the extension of the consumable lance 15.
  • the stirring gas drives the aluminum in the downward movement which it imposes on the liquid steel near the surface of the bath 11, and brings it near the end of the lance. 15 injection of the oxidizing gas. It reacts exothermically with the latter.
  • the reaction takes place in a substantially spherical zone 152 whose dimensions depend on the flow rate of the oxidizing gas, on its purity and on the local content of combustible metal.
  • FIG. 1 shows a reaction zone 152 which has a substantially ellipsoidal shape.
  • the ellipsoidal character is more or less marked depending on the importance of the flow rate of the oxidizing gas.
  • the fuel and the oxidizing gas are introduced with a slight time difference, which is taken into account in the calculation.
  • a second theoretical circle 153 whose center corresponds to the axis of injection of the oxidizing gas and whose diameter is that of the sphere.
  • Such a circle is shown in dotted lines in fig. 2. It can also be defined in the case of an ellipsoidal reaction zone.
  • the diameter of the circle 93 defined by the base of the cone generated by the stirring gas can be determined with precision. Studies give a value of about 10 ° for the half angle at the top of the cone 92.
  • the circles 93 and 153 define between them an intersection zone 915 into which the aluminum wire 13 is introduced; preferably at one of the points of intersection between the two circumferences. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a maximum yield and an excellent distribution of the temperature in the bath.
  • Fig.3 illustrates the course of a heating operation of a bath of liquid steel according to the method of the invention.
  • the graph shows the evolution over time of the flows of the mixing gas, in this case argon (Ar), of the fuel in this case of aluminum (Al) and of the oxidizing gas, in this case oxygen (O2).
  • the injection of the stirring gas is started, then the metal fuel wire is introduced and finally the oxygen injection is started.
  • the downdraft induced by the stirring gas perpetually brings new quantities of aluminum-charged liquid steel near the injection point of the oxidizing gas, which reacts with oxygen.
  • a rotating movement is generated in the bath and in particular allows the migration of impurities towards the slag.
  • the injections are continued until the desired temperature is obtained. Once this temperature has been reached, the oxygen lance is removed while maintaining a slight flow rate until this lance is removed from the bath, thus avoiding blockage of the insufflation duct.
  • the mixing with neutral gas is also maintained for a certain time so as to favor removal of impurities resulting from the reaction as well as debris due to erosion of the lance.
  • an additional lance for injecting stirring gas can be provided instead of or in addition to the porous element 15.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Wiederaufheizen, durch Metallothermie, eines in einem metallurgischen Behälter (1) enthaltenen Stahlbades (11), in das ein metallischer Brennstoff eingeführt wird, und unter dessen Oberfläche ein oxydierendes Gas und ein Vermischungsgas eingeblasen werden, wobei bei diesem Verfahren in dem Bad (11) ein Gasstrom erzeugt wird, der sich aus der Einblasung eines Vermischungsgases durch ein Mittel (9) ergibt, das verschieden von dem Einblasmittel (15) für das oxydierende Gas ist, und der metallische Brennstoff (13) in den Gasstrom so eingeführt wird, daß er in Kontakt mit dem oxydierenden Gas gebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einblasachsen des oxydierenden Gases und des Vermischungsgases gegeneinander versetzt sind, und daß die Einblasung des Vermischungsgases einen aufwärts gerichteten Gasstrom in dem flüssigen Stahl hervorruft, wobei dieser Gasstrom an der Stelle der Einblasung des oxydierenden Gases zu einem abwärts gerichteten Gasstrom wird.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Einblasmittel für das oxydierende Gas eine verbrauchbare Lanze (15) gewählt wird, die in einer Tiefe von 0 bis 15% der Höhe des in dem metallurgischen Behälter enthaltenen Stahlbades, und vorzugsweise in einer Tiefe zwischen 3 und 30 cm gehalten wird.
  3. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vermischungsgas in einer Tiefe von mehr als 60% der Höhe des Bades eingeblasen wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einblasachse (91) des Vermischungsgases, und die Einblasachse (151) des oxydierenden Gases parallel zueinander sind.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen (91, 151) senkrecht zu der Oberfläche des Bades (11) sind.
  6. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einblasung des Vermischungsgases einen theoretischen Metallansaugungs-Kegel (92) erzeugt, dessen Spitze sich an der Stelle befindet, wo die Einblasung erfolgt, dessen Achse die Einblasachse (91) verlängert, und dessen Grundfläche auf der Oberfläche des Bades (11) einen Kreis (93) bildet, daß das oxydierende Gas mit dem Brennstoff (13) in einer im wesentlichen kugelförmigen Zone (152) reagiert, bei deren Projektion auf die Oberfläche des Bades (11) ein Kreis (153) erhalten wird, und daß die zwei Kreise (93, 153) sich teilweise überdecken, wobei sie eine Überschneidungszone (915) festlegen, in die der Brennstoff (13) eingeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der metallische Brennstoff (13), vorzugsweise Aluminium in Drahtform, bei einem Schnittpunkt zwischen den Umfängen der zwei Kreise (93, 153) in die Überschneidungszone (915) eingeführt wird.
  8. Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die folgenden Schritte nacheinander eingeleitet werden;
    - Einblasen des Vermischungsgases,
    - Einführen des metallischen Brennstoffs in den erzeugten Gasstrom,
    - Einblasen des oxydierenden Gases, das mit dem metallischen Brennstoff reagiert.
EP91910980A 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Verfahren zum wiederaufheizen eines stahlbades Expired - Lifetime EP0536185B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9191910980T ATE105025T1 (de) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Verfahren zum wiederaufheizen eines stahlbades.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9000673A BE1004483A3 (fr) 1990-06-29 1990-06-29 Procede de rechauffage d'un bain d'acier liquide.
BE9000673 1990-06-29
PCT/BE1991/000044 WO1992000391A1 (fr) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Procede de rechauffage d'un bain d'acier liquide et dispositif pour la mise en ×uvre de ce procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0536185A1 EP0536185A1 (de) 1993-04-14
EP0536185B1 true EP0536185B1 (de) 1994-04-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91910980A Expired - Lifetime EP0536185B1 (de) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Verfahren zum wiederaufheizen eines stahlbades

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US (1) US5316566A (de)
EP (1) EP0536185B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2889901B2 (de)
AU (1) AU7994191A (de)
BE (1) BE1004483A3 (de)
DE (1) DE69101839T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2051594T3 (de)
PL (1) PL169724B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1992000391A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5603749A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-02-18 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus and method for vacuum treating molten steel
RU2121513C1 (ru) * 1998-01-22 1998-11-10 Евгений Анатольевич Иванов Способ обработки стали в ковше
RU2125614C1 (ru) * 1998-05-06 1999-01-27 Шатохин Игорь Михайлович Способ внепечного нагрева стали
RU2154677C1 (ru) * 1999-07-07 2000-08-20 ОАО "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" Способ обработки стали в ковше

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH486935A (de) * 1966-09-02 1970-03-15 Feichtinger Heinrich Ing Dr Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Aufheizen von Schmelzen durch exotherme Reaktionen
SE449373B (sv) * 1977-07-01 1987-04-27 Dso Cherna Metalurgia Sett och anordning for raffinering av jernbaserade smeltor i elektrisk reaktionsugn
US4187102A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-02-05 Union Carbide Corporation Method for controlling the temperature of the melt during pneumatic refining of steel
LU84472A1 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-06-13 Arbed Procede et installation pour le traitement de l'acier en poche
US4761178A (en) * 1987-08-24 1988-08-02 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Process for heating molten steel contained in a ladle
JP2617948B2 (ja) * 1987-10-12 1997-06-11 新日本製鐵株式会社 溶鋼の取鍋精錬法
IN172394B (de) * 1988-07-22 1993-07-17 Boest Alpine Stahl Donawitz Ge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69101839T2 (de) 1994-09-15
US5316566A (en) 1994-05-31
JPH05507966A (ja) 1993-11-11
AU7994191A (en) 1992-01-23
ES2051594T3 (es) 1994-06-16
JP2889901B2 (ja) 1999-05-10
BE1004483A3 (fr) 1992-12-01
EP0536185A1 (de) 1993-04-14
PL169724B1 (pl) 1996-08-30
WO1992000391A1 (fr) 1992-01-09
DE69101839D1 (de) 1994-06-01

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