EP0526744B1 - Manhole shaft element and manhole shaft - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shaft element according to the preamble of claim 1, a revision shaft according to independent claim 10 and a building drainage system according to claim 16.

In wastewater technology, an inspection shaft, if it is not concreted in one piece, is usually constructed from concrete shaft elements that are placed on top of one another with their edges. Each shaft element is a tube section of mostly cylindrical shape, which has circumferential folds on its two opening edges, which engage when centering two shaft elements on top of one another. The manhole elements are expensive to manufacture, require a lot of space for storage because they have to be stored individually, are complicated to transport due to their shape and their high weight and brittle concrete and require manipulation during storage, transport and at the Construction site hoists.

When building such a shaft from concrete shaft elements, a load-bearing shaft base must be concreted before the shaft elements are placed on top of one another. Since the concrete pipe sections cannot be drilled to the side, feed pipes can only be guided into the channel or the base of the shaft from the outset. When connecting feed pipes later, they must reach the bottom of the shaft be excavated because additional connections can only be made there. Aggressive sewer gases, such as ammonia vapors, penetrate through the open supply pipes and attack copper and zinc pipes (gutters, drain pipes). The cleaning of feed pipes or the shaft is difficult because a large number of the feed pipes flow deep into the channel, where mostly waste water and little space are available.

From FR-A-25 09 343 a conical shaft element made of plastic or a shaft formed from several such shaft elements is known, each shaft element having an outwardly directed mounting flange on the wider and narrower opening edge. Successive shaft elements in the shaft are each fitted to one another with their fitting attachment flanges at the further opening edges or the outward attachment flanges at the narrower opening edges. The shaft elements are mutually different in pairs, since each lower attachment flange, regardless of whether it is provided on a wide opening edge or on a narrow opening edge, can be brought into engagement with the attachment flange which overlaps it from above. In a shaft with more than two shaft elements, two different shaft element types are therefore required. To stack the shaft elements, a strong wall slope is required due to the outwardly projecting mounting flanges on the narrower opening edges. In addition, the outwardly projecting mounting flanges on the narrower opening edges lead to a large stacking height of a bundle of stacked shaft elements.

In a prefabricated shaft known from DE-U-85 00 005 for receiving a pumping station for sewage disposal, a plurality of cylindrical ring-shaped shaft elements with outward-facing attachment flanges are placed on both opening edges. In the shaft elements are arranged around the circumference, provided at different heights, which can be used as needed after connecting plates have been broken out for connecting pipes.

The invention has for its object to provide a shaft element or an inspection shaft, which are more practical than the known solutions in terms of storage, transport and individual adaptability to the respective installation conditions and a simple and universally usable drainage system designed using such shaft elements .

The object is achieved in a shaft element with the features specified in claim 1 and in an inspection shaft with the features contained in claim 10. A universal, simple drainage system emerges from claim 16.

The plastic shaft element according to the invention is easy to manufacture in terms of shape due to its conicity, in particular if polyethylene or polyurethane is selected as the material. Several such shaft elements can be stacked for storage and transport due to the low weight and the taper to space-saving, light containers. Because of the mounting flanges, each shaft element is dimensionally stable and can be combined with other similar shaft elements to form shafts of any height.

The inspection shaft according to the invention is easy to assemble, since the shaft elements only need to be placed one on top of the other without the lifting gear, with their respective fitting flanges.

The zigzag shape of the shaft wall increases the dent resistance of the shaft wall. The shaft elements can be stacked to save space. Because of the plastic construction, the shaft elements are so light that they can be easily manipulated by a worker. Large areas of connection with good tightness result from the flanges. The large flanges are also insensitive to damage during rough handling, which allows the shaft to be installed quickly. Thanks to the plastic, passages can be cleared at any height and orientation. B. cut out to use inlet pipes, overflow lines or insert parts for inlet pipes in the shaft wall. If a feed pipe is retrofitted, the inspection shaft only needs to be dug up to the extent necessary for the required slope or the depth of the feed pipe. An inspection shaft, even with a connected inlet pipe, can be made with just one shaft element. On the other hand, any desired shaft depth can be installed with any number of stacked shaft elements.

The building drainage system according to claim 16 represents a departure from conventional building drainage systems in which insert parts for damage control, cleaning and maintenance and against unpleasant smells are arranged in gullies or drains in the building and the feed pipes are led directly to the channel base part of the inspection shaft, because the supply pipes from the building or from the downpipes flow directly into the shaft wall above the base of the channel where it corresponds to the structural conditions, and because the necessary parts are centrally housed and summarized inside the inspection shaft. The insert parts are in the frost-free zone, so that gullies and drainage points can be designed more easily and do not require a great depth of frost. Since the insert parts no longer have to be installed in the building, there is a considerable simplification. Plastic shaft elements enable the feed pipes to be connected at any height and with any orientation. Feed pipes do not need to be laid to the base of the channel. They can also be connected later if the inspection shaft is permanently installed. It only needs to be dug up to the respective connection height. Since the shaft wall is used to connect the feed pipes, significantly more feed pipes can be connected than before. Backwater or sewage gases do not get into the building. It is even possible to arrange odor traps for the rain collecting pipes in the inspection shaft in order to counteract corrosion by ammonia gases. The insert parts are easily accessible in the inspection shaft for maintenance or repair work. They can be easily replaced, for example in the event of damage, or replaced with other types of insert. Because of the distribution of the insert parts and the connections over the shaft wall, the individual connections and their insert parts are easily accessible and there is enough space in the channel base part for revision or cleaning work.

The shaft element according to claim 2 has the advantage of easy demoldability, low weight and uniform shape stability. A large number of such shaft elements can be stored and transported in a very small space by stacking one inside the other, due to the inward mounting flanges the respective inner shaft element can be pushed very far into the outer shaft element, so that even with a large number of stacked shaft elements only a small height is required.

Alternatively, the embodiment according to claim 3 is advantageous, which can be easily molded from plastic and is stackable.

The embodiment of claim 4 is characterized by a uniformly high dent resistance of the wall.

The embodiment of claim 5 is particularly important because the necessary passage for inserting an insert or a feed pipe can be exposed in the wall area with little effort. Only a hole needs to be drilled before using a circular drill to cut out a clean passage through which the pipe or insert can be plugged in and sealed with an annular seal. With a conventional screw holder, a tube or an insert can easily be fixed because of the flatness of the flat point. Due to the structural integration of the wall flat into the curved wall, this area of the shaft element is very stable, so that a pipe or insert part connected there is held securely and thus tightly. It is also possible to fix it in the curved wall. Only a seal would have to be inserted here. Openings in the wall could already be prepared by predetermined breaking or separation zones, especially if the shaft element is made of polyethylene or polyurethane.

With regard to enough space for boarding and to be able to create shafts of common heights, the proportions according to claim 6 are advantageous. The weight and size of such dimensioned shaft elements enable easy handling even by just one person.

High dent resistance, a pleasing appearance and easy release from the mold are given in the embodiment according to claim 7. The course of the stiffening ribs is also advantageous for dense stacking.

The embodiments of claims 8 and 9 are also expedient because the points of attack simplify the attachment of the connecting parts with which a permanent connection between stacked shaft elements can be established. Particularly in the case of the narrower opening edge, a circumferential bead is formed in the outside of the wall, into which a comprehensive tensioning strap, each with an angled edge, engages and thus holds the stacked shaft elements together. Seals inserted in the flange surfaces seal after assembly and fixing with the tensioning strap.

The shaft elements can be used to manufacture inspection shafts of all types, i.e. not only in wastewater technology, but also in applications in which installations installed in the ground or in the ground occasionally need to be inspected, serviced or repaired. The inward, stacking flanges are used for stiffening, but also form large and sealing support surfaces.

L according to claim 11, the subsequent shaft wall forming shaft elements according densely stacked, wherein they are so light that they can practically be manipulated by a person. Because of the rotationally symmetrical shape and the uniformity of the shaft elements, there is no need to pay attention to their relative rotational position when the shaft elements are placed one on the other become. Stackability is also given if, instead of the round shape, an oval or polygonal, that is to say quadrangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross-sectional shape is selected.

The feature of claim 12 is also important because the shaft elements, which are light in themselves, are permanently firmly connected to one another and do not slip relative to one another.

According to claim 13 there is a clean centering between the shaft elements and the possibility of sealing off the connection areas. The stability of the shaft wall is increased with the ribs attached on the outside and / or inside.

An expedient embodiment, which allows the connection of pipes at practically any height and in any orientation to one another, is apparent from claim 14, wherein the flat wall enables the use of a screw holder. Pipes can be retrofitted even when the inspection shaft has been in operation without having to dig up to the bottom of the shaft.

According to claim 15, a tight, tight and resilient fit for the tube or the insert is achieved with the sealing collar or the ring seal with a curved wall and in the flat wall flat areas with the screw holder.

Figur 1

ein Schachtelement in einem Längsschnitt,

Figur 2

einen Revisionsschacht in einem Längsschnitt und

Figur 3

schematisch ein Gebäudeentwässerungssystem mit einem Revisionsschacht.

Embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained with reference to the drawing:
Show it

Figure 1

a shaft element in a longitudinal section,

Figure 2

a revision shaft in a longitudinal section and

Figure 3

schematically a building drainage system with an inspection shaft.

A shaft element E according to FIG. 1 is a conical plastic molded part F with a further opening edge W and a narrower opening edge K, delimited by a peripheral wall 1 with an inside 2 and an outside 3. The shaft element E is a truncated cone with a cone angle α, which is expediently between 4 ° and 15 °, preferably about 6 °. The wall 1 is therefore inclined at an angle β, which is between 2 ° and 8 °, preferably approximately 3 °, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft element E.

The shaft element E can also be formed with an oval or polygonal cross section and inclined wall 1. A polygonal cross section is expediently designed as a regular square, hexagon or octagon.

At the further opening edge W, an outwardly directed attachment flange 4 is integrally formed, while an inwardly directed attachment flange 5 is provided at the narrower opening edge K. Longitudinal stiffening ribs 7, 8 are integrally formed on the inside and / or outside 2, 3, which expediently extend over almost the entire height h of the shaft element E and are arranged at regular or irregular intervals. At least one flat wall flat 6 is formed in the wall 1 between the stiffening ribs 7, 8. If necessary, several such flat wall areas 6 are distributed over the wall 1. In the embodiment shown, the wall flat 6 is approximately parallel to the Longitudinal axis of the shaft element E. Furthermore, free wall areas 9 are provided in the wall 1 of stiffening ribs 7, 8. Like the wall flat 6, the wall area 9 has a size which corresponds at least to the cross section of standardized sewage pipes or connecting pipe sockets of insert parts. If the stiffening ribs 7, 8 are tightly arranged for reasons of buckling resistance of the wall, then the stiffening ribs in the wall area 9 or in the wall flat 6 can be left out.

The wall area 9, like the wall flat 6, serves for the optional connection of a pipe or for inserting the connecting piece of an insert part; in the latter case for fixing an insert part inside the shaft element E with a connection option to the outside. At the wall flat 6, an axis 11 is indicated for a pipe which is inserted through a passage 10 to be exposed in the wall 1. A predetermined breaking or separation zone B can be preformed, e.g. in the form of concentric circles of different diameters in order to simplify the exposure of the passage 10 in the size desired in each case. Since the parts are made of plastic, it is not difficult to drill a hole of the desired size in the wall and fix the inlet pipe in it.

Attack points 12, e.g. a bevel, molded in for a shaft element connecting part. At the narrower opening edge K, points of attack 13 are also formed on the outside in the form of a surrounding bead for a connecting part, such as a tensioning band which engages with the outside edges of the beads. But it is also conceivable to provide 5 points of attack for a connecting part on the inner mounting flange.

The shaft element E expediently consists of polyethylene or polyurethane and has a height h of approximately 50 cm with an average width g of approximately 75 cm. The wall thickness e is approx. 1 to 2 cm, while the width c of the outer attachment flange 4 is approx. 6 cm and the width d of the inner attachment flange 5 is approx. 4 cm.

The shaft element E can easily be carried and manipulated by one person. Several of the same shaft elements E can be stacked one inside the other to save space during storage and transport. With a view to stacking as densely as possible, the stiffening ribs 7, 8 are designed such that they begin in each case on the flange 4 or 5 and run obliquely to the opposite opening edge W or K down to zero. Centering devices Z can be preformed on the flanges 4, 5, which when two or more shaft elements are placed one on top of the other, each with an external mounting flange 4 against an external mounting flange 4 or an internal mounting flange 5 against an internal mounting flange 5, and center the shaft elements. Grooves for sealing elements can also be provided there.

A shaft can be produced with only one shaft element E according to FIG. 1, e.g. a revision shaft in wastewater technology or a revision shaft for a separating device, for which the shaft element E is placed either in the position shown in FIG. 1 with the inner mounting flange 5 down on a small part or a base in a separating device before a conventional shaft cover is provided above becomes. However, it is also conceivable to insert the shaft element E in the opposite position with the outer mounting flange 4 facing downward and to attach the usual shaft cover at the top or to insert a height compensation element, expediently by means of a seal, into the inner mounting flange 5 from above. If necessary, a tube can be inserted in the wall area 9 and / or in the wall flat 6. It is also conceivable to insert an insert, e.g. B. an odor trap, a backflow device or the like., To which a pipe is connected from the outside. In the case of a separating device, wall 1 may remain closed. The shaft element E then fulfills the function of an inspection shaft for installations below.

According to FIG. 2, a revision shaft S is made up of several superimposed ones Shaft elements E according to FIG. 1 assembled, namely from three shaft elements E, which define the shaft wall D via the shaft height H. However, several shaft elements E can also be placed one on top of the other, for example six shaft elements E for a 3 m deep inspection shaft The course of the shaft wall D results. Recesses 37 for receiving seals 38 are provided in each of the mounting flanges in order to obtain a sealed shaft in the assembled state. The shaft elements E are expediently firmly connected to one another with connecting parts V (clamping rings or retaining clips with clamping screws). In the case of the mounting flanges 5 reaching inwards, a circumferential bead designed as a point of engagement (13) is provided in the outside 3 of the wall 1, into which the clamping ring engages with an edge for holding together.

The inspection shaft S according to Figure 2 is used for wastewater purposes e.g. for house drainage. On a shaft bottom 26, which is expediently concreted, a base part G is located, which defines the flume of the inspection shaft S and is connected via a connecting piece 23 to the further duct system. An insert part K ', namely a cleaning tube with at least one backflow stop in a base body 24 and a removable cleaning cover 25 is fixed in base part G so that a tube can be inserted into the connecting piece 27. The shaft cover A (not shown) or a height compensation element is usually located on the uppermost shaft element E, since height differences compensate for the floor level.

In the uppermost shaft element E, a passage 15 is exposed in the wall area 9, for example by drilling and then cutting out with a circular cutter, into which an annular seal 16 is attached, through which the end of the tube 17 is inserted in a sealed manner.

In the lowest shaft element E, a passage 18 is exposed in a wall flat 6 above the connecting piece 23 in order to fix an insert part R, here a backflow trap with a backflow flap 21. The insert R has an external connection piece 20, 22 and is fixed in a sealed manner in the passage 18 with a screw holder 19, so that a pipe piece 20 projects into the interior. Another tube can also open into the lowest shaft element E.

Since the shaft elements E according to FIG. 1 can have a plurality of wall areas 9 and wall flats 6, insert parts or connecting pipes can be provided freely at different heights and different orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the inspection shaft S, either when the inspection shaft is being installed or at a later point in time . It then need not be dug up to the shaft bottom 26.

The inspection shaft S not only offers the advantage of being able to attach connections freely from the start or at any height and orientation, but is also easy to inspect during cleaning or inspection work. Since the pipes and the insert parts are distributed over the shaft wall height H, there is unimpeded access to the pipe mouths and the insert parts, but also to the installations on the shaft bottom, where all connection pipes and drains usually have to be arranged in inspection shafts made of concrete. Furthermore, because there is enough space outside the sump area to provide insert parts such as odor traps or backflow traps, the back pressure of sewer gases or a backflow is prevented within the inspection shaft, which makes the house installations easier to design. Revisions or repairs can be carried out centrally within the inspection shaft without having to work in the building at the individual collection points or in the gullies, where there is usually little space available. Finally play in that Large inspection parts arranged large inspection shaft do not matter, while they would often be difficult to accommodate in the building, in the gullies or waste water tanks due to the very limited space available.

A building drainage system C with a central inspection shaft S is indicated schematically in FIG. 3 and is constructed from the shaft elements E according to FIG. 1 in the manner shown in FIG. The channel base part G of the inspection shaft S is connected to the sewer 29 via the pipe socket 23. At the insert part K ', namely the cleaning pipe, or an insert part R used in its place, namely a backflow stop, a pipe 34 is connected via the pipe socket 27, the waste water from a basin 35 arranged in the basement of a building, a floor drain 36 or others initiates deep-seated installations. The pipe 17 indicated on the right is connected to toilets in the building and leads sewage containing faeces into the inspection shaft S, just below the shaft cover A. On the left side, another pipe 17 is led through a wall flat 6 into the inspection shaft S, which leads to a yard drain 31 and a rainwater drain 32 is connected, among other things is fed from a rainwater downpipe 33. At the mouth of the left-hand feed pipe 17, an odor trap is arranged in the inspection shaft S as an insert 30. No insert parts are required in the drain containers, gullies or similar collection points in the buildings because they are installed in the inspection shaft S and can be monitored, serviced and repaired centrally there. Because of the feed pipes 17 guided in the inspection shaft S at different heights, there is enough space in the channel base part G for cleaning or repair work. Even if there is a certain wastewater level, the insert parts above can be easily serviced and repaired. Neither a backwater nor sewer gases can get back into the building.

Claims (16)

1. A shaft member (E) for a shaft (S), especially an inspection shaft, which has a lower and an upper opening and, at the upper and lower edge of the opening (W, K), means for attaching, in each case, a further shaft member (E), the shaft member (E) being a conically moulded plastic part (F) for stacking a plurality of such shaft members (E) into one another, and which has an integrally constructed, outwardly oriented mounting flange (4) on its wider apertural edge (W), characterised in that the shaft member (E) has an integrally constructed inwardly oriented mounting flange (5) on its narrower apertural edge (K).
2. A shaft member according to claim 1, characterised in that the shaft element (E) is a frustum with a cone angle (α) of from 4° to 15°, preferably about 6°.
3. A shaft member according to claim 1, characterised in that the shaft member (E) has an oval or polygonal, preferably quadrangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross section and a wall gradient (β) of from 2° to 8°, preferably 3°.
4. A shaft member according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised that on the inside and/or outside there are integrally constructed spaced reinforcing ribs (7, 8) which extend in the longitudinal direction.
5. A shaft member according to claim 4, characterised in that there is at least one smooth flat wall area (6) in the wall (1) of the shaft member (E), which is free from reinforcing ribs (7, 8), and that the flat wall area (6) is larger than the cross sectional surface of standardised connecting pipes (17) or insert pipe sockets (20).
6. A shaft member according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the shaft member (E) has a height (h) of less than 1 m, preferably of about 50 cm, and an average width (g) of between about 100 cm and 60 cm, preferably of about 75 cm, with a wall thickness (e) of from 1.0 to 2.0 cm, and that the mounting flanges (5, 4) have a flange width (c, d) of about d = 4.0 cm or c = 6.0 cm.
7. A shaft member according to claim 4, characterised in that the reinforcing ribs (7, 8) inside and/or outside each have a height which approximately corresponds to the flange width (c, d) less the wall thickness (e), that they extend to the opposite apertural edge (W, K), and there taper-off to a height of approximately zero.
8. A shaft member according to claim 1, characterised in that the outwardly oriented mounting flange (4) is provided with moulded engagement points (12) for shaft member connecting parts (V), preferably with a draw-in slope for a tension band, and that the mounting flanges (4, 5) have a recess (37) on the side of the flange for receiving a seal (38).
9. A shaft member according to claim 1, characterised in that at the narrower apertural edge (K) engagement points (13) for shaft member-connecting parts (V) are moulded into the outside (3) of the wall (1) of the shaft member (E).
10. An inspection shaft (S), more particularly for a waste water system or a separation installation, in which the shaft wall (D) between a lower shaft base (G) and an upper shaft cover (A) with an entry opening is constructed from several shaft members (E) placed on top of one another, the shaft members (E) being conically moulded plastic parts (F) and forming a shaft wall (D) which has a zigzag shape in one longitudinal section, and shaft members (E) with an outwardly oriented mounting flange (4) being provided at the wider apertural edge (W), characterised in that the shaft members (E) are constructed with an inwardly oriented mounting flange (5) at the narrower apertural edge and are identical to one another and are each adapted to one another so that the inner mounting flanges (5) or outer mounting flanges (4) fit on top of one another.
11. An inspection shaft according to claim 10, characterised in that the shaft wall (D) consists of stackable truncated plastic cones of equal size which have a cone angle (α) of between 4° and 15°, preferably of about 6° and are placed on top of one another so that their alternatingly inwardly and outwardly inclined walls (1) succeed one another.
12. An inspection shaft according to claims 10 or 11, characterised in that shaft members (E) which lie on top of one another are, in each case, connected by connecting members (V), preferably by means of engagement points (13) which engage on the mounting flanges (4) or are moulded into the outer wall (1), or by means of clamping rings or retaining clamps engaging in circumferential seams.
13. An inspection shaft according to claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the shaft members (E) are centred, relative to one another, in the mounting flanges (4, 5) by means of positively engaging, preferably moulded-in, centering members.
14. An inspection shaft according to claim 10, characterised in that over the shaft wall height (H), in different height positions, and distributed in the circumferential direction, in the walls (1) of the shaft members (E) there are optionally smooth, flat wall surfaces (6) between the reinforcing ribs (7, 8) which may be selected as connecting places for connecting pipes (7) or inset pipe sockets (20).
15. An inspection shaft according to claims 10 to 12, characterised in that in at least one clear wall region (9) of at least one shaft member (E), a sealing collar (16) is located in a through-opening (15), in which collar a connecting pipe (17) or an insert part (R) is sealingly retained.
16. A building-drainage system (C) for rain water, sewage and/or waste water, comprising an inspection shaft (S), according to claim 10, which is connected to the sewer system (29) via a drains base part (G) and to which waste-water supply pipes (17, 34) are connected, and comprising waste-water specific insert parts (K') such as back wash seals (R), odour seals (30), cleaning pipes or the like in the waste water path, the inspection shaft (S) having a shaft wall (D) which is zigzag shaped in longitudinal section and made of conical plastic shaft members (E), according to claim 1, which are sealingly placed on top of one another by means of their narrower or wider apertural edges, the supply pipes (17) leading to the inspection shaft (S) entering the shaft wall (D) above the drains-base part (G), and the waste-water specific insert part (30, K', R) being mounted in a shaft member (E) at the respective opening of the supply pipe, inside the inspection shaft (S).

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