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EP0579670B1 - Materiau pour contacts electriques en argent avec du carbone. - Google Patents

Materiau pour contacts electriques en argent avec du carbone. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0579670B1
EP0579670B1 EP92908150A EP92908150A EP0579670B1 EP 0579670 B1 EP0579670 B1 EP 0579670B1 EP 92908150 A EP92908150 A EP 92908150A EP 92908150 A EP92908150 A EP 92908150A EP 0579670 B1 EP0579670 B1 EP 0579670B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
silver
powder
material according
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92908150A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0579670A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Behrens
Carl L. Meyer
Karl Saeger
Thomas Honig
Roland Michal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doduco Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter filed Critical Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Publication of EP0579670A1 publication Critical patent/EP0579670A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0579670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0579670B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12035—Fiber, asbestos, or cellulose in or next to particulate component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
    • Y10T428/12167—Nonmetal containing

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a contact material with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a contact material with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a material is disclosed in A. Keil et al., Electrical contacts and their material ", Springer-Verlag (1984), p. 195.
  • contact materials based on silver with carbon, in particular with graphite have found widespread use in the field of circuit breakers in low-voltage power engineering because they offer high security against welding of the contacts.
  • the contact material contains the carbon in powder form. Since silver and carbon are not soluble in one another in either the solid or the liquid state, such materials can only be produced by powder metallurgy. It is known to mix silver powder and graphite powder with one another, to press individual parts out of the mixture, to sinter and press them, or to cold-isostatically press blocks from the powder mixture, to sinter and to extrude them, whereby the graphite particles are oriented in the extrusion direction to form fiber-like agglomerates (cf.
  • the very high welding resistance of the silver graphite materials is offset by an unsatisfactory erosion resistance as a disadvantage.
  • With increasing graphite content not only the resistance to welding increases, but also the erosion. High welding resistance and low erosion are therefore mutually exclusive requirements for silver-graphite contact materials.
  • the graphite powder causes a kind of dispersion hardening in the contact material, so that the material is not very ductile and subsequent shaping of the contact pieces is very complex.
  • EP-A-0 205 897 discloses arc electrodes in which carbon fibers are embedded in a carbon matrix. Such electrodes are intended for switching high voltage, but are not suitable for circuit breakers in low-voltage power engineering.
  • DE-A-20 57 618 goes from continuous carbon or graphite threads or from a "wool" of carbon threads which are impregnated with molten silver or copper, optionally with an addition of 0.5 to 4% by weight of platelet-shaped graphite to improve the lubricating properties when used for sliding contacts.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a contact material based on silver with carbon or graphite, which is superior to the known contact materials based on silver and graphite powder in terms of erosion and processability, but not in terms of welding resistance has the serious disadvantages of a contact material based on silver and carbon fibers.
  • the contact material according to the invention is characterized in that the carbon is present in it in the form of fiber pieces in combination with a portion in the form of a powder.
  • the values for the erosion and the welding resistance are considerably more favorable than would result from the selected ratios of carbon fibers to carbon powder using the mixture rule;
  • the combined use of carbon fibers and carbon powder leads to an effect that was not foreseeable from the known effect of the individual components.
  • the carbon fiber content must not be too low, because otherwise the beneficial effect on the reduction of the burn-up and the increase in ductility is too low. In contrast, the proportion of carbon powder must not be too small, because otherwise the welding strength is insufficient. On the other hand, the content of carbon powder must not be too high, because otherwise the material is too poorly deformable.
  • the fiber pieces should be at least twice as long in the contact material as the graphite powder particles are in diameter.
  • the length of the fiber pieces is preferably 10 to 100 times the average diameter of the carbon powder particles.
  • the diameter of the fibers should be at least twice as large as the powder particles on average.
  • the fiber diameter is expediently in the range from 1 to 50 »m, preferably in the range from 4 to 25» m.
  • Fibers with an average particle diameter of 0.2 to 40 »m, preferably of 1 to 10» m can be used as carbon or graphite powder.
  • the carbon fibers or the graphite fibers can after known methods can be produced.
  • the length in which they are used must be so small that the fibers can be mixed with the silver powder evenly.
  • Fibers with a length of 30 to 6000 »m are suitable, preferably the fibers are used in lengths of not more than 500» m.
  • the fibers are broken up into smaller pieces by the pressing process, in particular by the preferably downstream extrusion process, so that the average fiber length in the finished contact material is less than the average initial length of the fibers.
  • the coarse fiber content in the contact material ensures its ductility and erosion resistance;
  • the desired welding strength in combination with the fiber portion is ensured by the powdery fine portion of the carbon, which for this purpose can be significantly lower than in a material that contains no carbon fibers, but only carbon or graphite powder.
  • the metal matrix of the material according to the invention expediently consists of silver; it can also consist of a silver-based alloy, ie an alloy consisting predominantly of silver, the other alloy partner of which is selected in terms of type and quantity in such a way that it does not reduce the electrical conductivity too much. Copper and nickel are particularly suitable as alloy metals of silver. Instead of alloying this metal, it can also be powder metallurgically combined with the silver.
  • the carbon content in the material should not exceed 10% by weight. It should be noted that the density of carbon is only about 2 g / cm3 less than that of silver, so that the volume fraction of carbon is significantly higher than its weight fraction . With a content of more than 10% by weight of carbon, the material becomes too brittle, with a content of less than 0.5% by weight of carbon, its effect on improving the welding safety is too small.
  • the material according to the invention preferably contains no more than 2% by weight of one or more additional metals, namely bismuth, calcium, lead, antimony and / or tellurium.
  • additional metals namely bismuth, calcium, lead, antimony and / or tellurium.
  • Metallic additives to a silver graphite material are already disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,699,763; However, there is nickel, iron, cobalt, copper and / or gold, with which the burn-up is not to be reduced, but rather the sintering together of the powder particles is to be facilitated (they serve as a wetting aid).
  • the additive metal is preferably used in an amount of at least 0.05%. Smaller additions show no significant effect. More than 2% by weight of the additive metal should not be added because otherwise the electrical conductivity of the contact material will drop too much.
  • the optimal carbon content is between 2 and 7% by weight, the optimal mass ratio of carbon fibers to carbon powder is between 1: 1 and 3: 1.
  • the carbon can be used in different modifications, the powder e.g. in the form of soot.
  • the material behaves most favorably if both the carbon powder and the carbon fibers consist of graphite.
  • the contact material according to the invention not only has the advantage of optimally combining welding resistance and low erosion, its ductility also makes it easier to process, in particular to deform subsequently, which makes the manufacture of contact pieces and their connection to contact carriers easier and cheaper.
  • the material according to the invention is so ductile, semifinished products can even be produced in a simple manner from the material according to the invention, which have a silver backing from the outset, which they need in order to be soldered or welded onto contact carriers.
  • conventional silver-graphite contact materials are bonded to a silver sintered layer using single-press technology, or extruded contact materials are provided with a solderable backside by burning out the graphite on one side (DE-B: "Electrical contacts and their materials", A. Keil et al., Springer-Verlag 1984, pp.
  • a semifinished product according to the invention with a silver back can be produced simply by composite extrusion molding, by sheathing a preferably cylindrical block made of the material according to the invention with silver and then inserting it into a reverse extrusion press, which produces a composite extrusion that is still in the die of the extrusion press or is divided lengthways thereafter.
  • the block can also be coated with an AgNi material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show that the welding forces in the semifinished product according to the invention are much closer to those of the comparative semifinished product which only contains carbon powder than in the comparative semifinished product which only contains carbon fibers.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the semi-finished product according to the invention is almost as good when burned up as the comparatively produced semi-finished product which only contained carbon fibers.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Matériau fabriqué selon les techniques de la métalurgie des poudres ou demi-produit extrudé pour contacts électriques en argent ou en matériau métallique à base d'argent avec 0,5 à 10% en poids de carbone et 0 à 2% en poids d'un métal d'addition. Le matériau contient de la poudre de carbone associée à des fibres de carbone avec une proportion des masses de 10:1 à 1:10, le diamètre des particules de poudre étant en moyenne inférieur à la moitié de la longueur des fibres.

Claims (11)

  1. Matériau composite pour contacts électriques fabriqué par un procédé de métallurgie des poudres comportant comme composants métalliques, de l'argent ou un allige contenant de l'argent ou un pseudo alliage contenant de l'argent,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau est façonné à partir de la poudre de carbone combinée avec des fibres de carbone dans un rapport variant de 10/1 jusqu'à 1/10 et à partir du composant métallique sous forme de poudre, matériau dans lequel, en moyenne, la longueur des fibres de carbone est au moins deux fois supérieure au diamètre des particules de la poudre de carbone.
  2. Matériau selon la revendication 1,
       caractérisé en ce que la longueur des fibres est supérieure au diamètre moyen des particules de poudre d'un facteur dix à cent.
  3. Matériau selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
       caractérisé en ce que le diamètre des fibres est au moins le double du diamètre moyen des particules de carbone.
  4. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le diamètre des fibres est supérieur au diamètre moyen des particules d'un facteur de quatre à vingt.
  5. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le diamètre moyen des fibres se situe entre 4 et 25 »m et en ce que le diamètre moyen des particules se situe entre 1 et 10 »m.
  6. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le rapport en masse des fibres de carbone sur la poudre de carbone se situe entre 1/3 et 3/1, de préférence entre 1/1 et 3/1.
  7. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que la teneur totale en carbone s'élève entre 2 et 7 % en masse.
  8. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le matériau à base d'argent contient du cuivre et/ou du nickel.
  9. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il contient un métal d'addition dans une proportion en masse de 0 à 2 %, et en ce que le métal d'addition consiste en un ou plusieurs des métaux Bi, Ca, Pb, Sb et Te.
  10. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le métal d'addition est présent dans une quantité d'au moins 0,05 % en masse.
  11. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit semi-fini pour contacts électriques,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 10 est lié par filage à de l'argent ou de l'argent/nickel qui constitue le dos du produit semi-fini.
EP92908150A 1991-04-10 1992-04-09 Materiau pour contacts electriques en argent avec du carbone. Expired - Lifetime EP0579670B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4111683A DE4111683A1 (de) 1991-04-10 1991-04-10 Werkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte aus silber mit kohlenstoff
DE4111683 1991-04-10
PCT/EP1992/000804 WO1992018995A1 (fr) 1991-04-10 1992-04-09 Materiau pour contacts electriques en argent avec du carbone.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0579670A1 EP0579670A1 (fr) 1994-01-26
EP0579670B1 true EP0579670B1 (fr) 1995-12-06

Family

ID=6429280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92908150A Expired - Lifetime EP0579670B1 (fr) 1991-04-10 1992-04-09 Materiau pour contacts electriques en argent avec du carbone.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5445895A (fr)
EP (1) EP0579670B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3138965B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4111683A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992018995A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19503184C1 (de) * 1995-02-01 1996-05-02 Degussa Werkstoff für elektrische Kontakte aus Silber-Kohlenstoff
FR2731106A1 (fr) * 1995-02-27 1996-08-30 Schneider Electric Sa Procede de fabrication d'un materiau de contact electrique composite
DE10261303B3 (de) * 2002-12-27 2004-06-24 Wieland-Werke Ag Verbundmaterial zur Herstellung elektrischer Kontakte und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
JP4005058B2 (ja) * 2003-07-23 2007-11-07 日信工業株式会社 炭素繊維複合材料及びその製造方法、炭素繊維複合成形品及びその製造方法
DE10346206A1 (de) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kontaktoberflächen für elektrische Kontakte
JP4224438B2 (ja) * 2004-07-16 2009-02-12 日信工業株式会社 炭素繊維複合金属材料の製造方法
FR2877763B1 (fr) 2004-11-08 2007-03-16 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Pastille de contact destinee a un contact electrique mobile de disjoncteur, contact electrique mobile possedant une telle pastille et disjoncteur comportant un tel contact
DE102008056264A1 (de) 2008-11-06 2010-05-27 Ami Doduco Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbzeugs und Halbzeug für elektrische Kontakte sowie Kontaktstück
DE102008056263A1 (de) 2008-11-06 2010-05-27 Ami Doduco Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbzeugs und Halbzeug für elektrische Kontakte sowie Kontaktstück
JP4579348B1 (ja) 2009-03-24 2010-11-10 株式会社アライドマテリアル 電気接点材
BR112012018217A2 (pt) * 2010-02-04 2016-04-05 Third Millennium Metals Llc composições de metal-carbono
JP6639394B2 (ja) * 2013-08-29 2020-02-05 アルファ・アセンブリー・ソリューションズ・インコーポレイテッドＡｌｐｈａ Ａｓｓｅｍｂｌｙ Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎｃ． 電気部品および機械部品を接合するための複合物および複層銀膜
US10163584B1 (en) 2017-06-01 2018-12-25 Siemens Industry, Inc. Low-silver, low-profile electrical contact apparatus and assembly
WO2020241854A1 (fr) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 オムロン株式会社 Matériau pour contact et contenant un alliage de ag en tant que composant principal, contact utilisant ledit matériau pour contact, et dispositif électrique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254189A (en) * 1961-05-15 1966-05-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical contact members having a plurality of refractory metal fibers embedded therein
DE1948345A1 (de) * 1968-09-25 1970-04-02 Mallory & Co Inc P R Werkstoff fuer elektrische Kontakte
DE2057618A1 (de) * 1970-11-24 1972-06-15 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Metall-Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US4127700A (en) * 1973-10-12 1978-11-28 G. Rau Metallic material with additives embedded therein and method for producing the same
US4999336A (en) * 1983-12-13 1991-03-12 Scm Metal Products, Inc. Dispersion strengthened metal composites
DE3681969D1 (de) * 1985-06-24 1991-11-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Abbrandkontaktstueck und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen abbrandkontaktstueckes oder eines vergleichbaren bauteils.
US4699763A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers
IT1198172B (it) * 1986-11-26 1988-12-21 Maria Polvara Struttura di elettrodo,particolarment eper saldatura eletrica a resistenza,eseguita a punti,e procedimento di fabbricazione relativo
US4810289A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-03-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hot isostatic pressing of high performance electrical components
US5127969A (en) * 1990-03-22 1992-07-07 University Of Cincinnati Reinforced solder, brazing and welding compositions and methods for preparation thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3138965B2 (ja) 2001-02-26
EP0579670A1 (fr) 1994-01-26
DE4111683C2 (fr) 1993-01-28
DE4111683A1 (de) 1992-10-22
WO1992018995A1 (fr) 1992-10-29
US5445895A (en) 1995-08-29
DE59204610D1 (de) 1996-01-18
JPH06506559A (ja) 1994-07-21

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