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EP0556645B1 - Broyeur à marteaux - Google Patents

Broyeur à marteaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0556645B1
EP0556645B1 EP19930101680 EP93101680A EP0556645B1 EP 0556645 B1 EP0556645 B1 EP 0556645B1 EP 19930101680 EP19930101680 EP 19930101680 EP 93101680 A EP93101680 A EP 93101680A EP 0556645 B1 EP0556645 B1 EP 0556645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
tools
pulveriser
rotation
impact tools
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930101680
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0556645A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Baumeler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Publication of EP0556645A1 publication Critical patent/EP0556645A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0556645B1 publication Critical patent/EP0556645B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B02C13/284—Built-in screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact mill for grinding granular products by means of impact tools attached to a rotor.
  • the rotor and the striking tools are located inside a housing.
  • the ground material passes through at least one inlet opening into a grinding chamber which receives the striking tools, in which grinding material shrinkage takes place when ground material strikes the striking tools and a boundary, which partially consists of a sieve and delimits the grinding chamber.
  • the fine fraction produced during grinding passes through the sieve to at least one outlet opening in the housing.
  • DE-U-88 10 234 describes a mill, in particular a hammer mill for comminuting peat and soil. It essentially consists of a vertical drive shaft, to which tools are attached, which are surrounded by a vertically displaceable grinding cassette. A filling opening is arranged concentrically above the tools. By lifting or lowering the grinding cassette, the grinding fineness should be adjustable. The downward drive of the drive shaft is disadvantageous with regard to contamination.
  • DE-OS 36 36 869 describes a blow bar mill in which the material is fed from a feed device mounted on the top of the mill, which is fed into a circular and cylindrical sieve with a vertical axis, a solid bottom and a lid with an opening for the Feeding device limited grinding chamber opens.
  • a blow bar rotor is rotatable about its vertical axis.
  • the bottom of the grinding chamber contains an opening in the area of the vertical axis.
  • the grinding chamber is arranged in a flour box. With the opening in the bottom of the grinding chamber, the formation of dust should be reduced and at the same time the degree of filling of the flour box should be increased. However, this effect, attributed to the bottom opening, can only be achieved to a limited extent.
  • DE-U-88 04 662 discloses a beater mill with a beater mill housing delimiting a grinding chamber, in which a vertical rotor is provided, which is provided with a plurality of beater tools, with at least one inlet opening on the top of the beater mill housing and above the beater tools, whereby the striking tools in the direction of the axis of rotation lie essentially in the same plane as the axis of rotation, and a sieve arranged at least radially outside the striking tools for separating a fine fraction from a coarse fraction of the ground material fed to the striking mill and processed by the striking tools, and on the underside of the Impact mill housing at least one outlet opening is provided.
  • the fine fraction must be separated from the outside air by means of a filter (see e.g. filter bags according to DE-U-88 04 622) and the ground material must be discharged from the negative pressure area by means of locks.
  • a filter see e.g. filter bags according to DE-U-88 04 622
  • the ground material must be discharged from the negative pressure area by means of locks.
  • the disadvantages of the filters and locks are high equipment and maintenance costs, as well as additional energy consumption. In most cases there are also problems with the disposal of the exhaust air.
  • the object of the invention is now to improve a beater mill of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein it preferably also does not require any aspiration which drives the regrind flow and thus does not require any outside air in the regrind in the grinding chamber.
  • the radial arrangement of lamellas in a ring area also results in a significant reduction in energy consumption because these measures counteract the problem of entraining particles in the grinding chamber and result in a faster discharge of the finished particles.
  • an impact mill preferably comprises a heavy part separating device.
  • a circulating air separating device allows heavy parts to be separated without subsequently supplying the outside air together with the regrind to the grinding chamber. This means that it is also possible to use regrind when removing heavy parts to allow a high density to flow into the grinding chamber, whereby the problems of aspiration described above are avoided due to the use of circulating air.
  • An impact mill according to the invention is distinguished by a high throughput of ground material with low energy consumption and maintenance expenditure.
  • This high throughput is due to simple structural features, such as a graded radial expansion of the striking tools and / or essentially radially oriented, For example, lamella-like projections of the housing wall over the striking tools.
  • the sieve acting as a barrier (sieve basket)
  • the fine parts are discharged quickly. Thanks to the effect of these inexpensive features, expensive aspiration, filter and lock devices can be dispensed with.
  • the hammer mill housing can also be made round around the rotor axis of rotation with a radius which is only slightly larger than the length from the axis of rotation to the ends of the most extensive percussion tools. Thanks to the compact design, an impact mill according to the invention takes up little space.
  • An exemplary embodiment of an impact mill 1 according to FIG. 1 consists of a housing 2 on which a motor 3 is placed.
  • the motor 3 serves as a drive for a rotor 4 within the housing 2, which rotates about an essentially vertical axis of rotation 5.
  • striking tools 6 are fastened radially on the outside about pivot axes which are essentially parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the striking tools 6 are preferably arranged in different groups in the direction of the axis of rotation, the striking tools 6 of a group lying essentially in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
  • An essential feature according to the invention is that at least the radially outer ends of the striking tools of the uppermost group are less far outwards than those of at least one lower group.
  • different percussion tool outer radii are generated by percussion tools 6 ′, 6 ′′, 6 ′′ ′′ of different lengths, but they could possibly also be generated by attaching the same percussion tools to different radii of the rotor.
  • the outer radius of the uppermost group preferably smaller, but the groups below have outer radii which increase from group to group (6 ', 6' ', 6' '') downwards or, if necessary, remain constant.
  • a conical surface 17, which essentially leads through the free ends of the striking tools of the various groups, has an opening angle 18 to the axis of rotation 5 which is greater than 0 ° and less than 25 °, but is preferably in the range from 5 ° to 20 ° .
  • the graded length of the percussion tool outer radii enables a significantly higher throughput, because this feature reduces the resistance for the regrind when entering the area of the percussion tools.
  • a sieve 7 surrounds the rotor 4 together with the striking tools 6 laterally and below and connects with the upper edge to the housing 2 in a form-fitting manner. It is preferably a cylindrical beaker sieve 7, consisting of a jacket wall 7a and an end wall 7b, of which walls at least one, but preferably both, are perforated.
  • the sieve 7 is carried by a sieve holder 8. To replace the screen 7, the holder 8 is lowered so that the screen 7 can be removed from the housing 2 through a closable opening 9.
  • the interior of the housing 2 is divided by the sieve 7 into two subspaces, namely into a grinding chamber 10, in which the rotor is located, and into a collecting chamber 11, in which the ground product collects. At the lower end of the collecting space 11 there is at least one outlet opening 12 from which the ground product can flow out due to gravity.
  • the housing 2 consists essentially of two parts, a lower conical collecting part 2b and an upper, preferably cylindrical, grinding chamber part, the grinding chamber 10, the sieve 7 and a fine part outlet area 13 surrounding the sieve 7 2a. Vibration-damping seals 14 are preferably provided between the two housing parts 2a and 2b.
  • the product to be ground is introduced into the grinding chamber 10 through at least one opening 15, which is arranged in the housing 2 directly above the striking tools 6.
  • three openings 15 are provided with respect to the axis of rotation 5, offset by essentially 90 °.
  • slats 16 are attached to the inner wall of the housing, which stand down and are aligned substantially along a line through the axis of rotation 5.
  • the slats 16 are located directly above the striking tools 6, so that only a narrow gap remains open between the lower edges of the slats 16 and the striking tools of the uppermost group.
  • the features according to the invention minimize the co-rotating and radially pent-up regrind layer by the lamellas 16 forming an additional impact surface on which the co-rotating regrind is comminuted and deflected and thus subjected to a further impact on a striking tool 6 in order to subsequently hit the circumferential surface 7a already comminuted. Since the regrind already contains an increased proportion of fines when this occurs, an increased proportion of the regrind escapes through the sieve holes, so that a smaller impact pressure and a smaller build-up develop can.
  • the regrind can also strike lower groups of striking tools radially on the outside and can be distributed over the entire height of the screen jacket 7a, which also reduces the build-up.
  • the mean residence time of the millbase in the milling chamber 10 is therefore very short and the product is therefore only heated slightly. In the case of food or feed with heat-sensitive components, there is only little damage, so the quality of the ground product is very good. The short heating time also leads to lower moisture losses, which is essential in practice.
  • Another positive effect of the fins 16 is the reduction in wear on the inner wall of the housing 2 above the rotor 4 and the striking tools 6. By preferably attaching further fins radially 16 along the ring area above the striking tools 6, the regrind throughput can be increased further and the wear on the housing wall 2 can be reduced. The fins 16 are exposed to increased wear and must therefore be replaced with little effort.
  • the design and arrangement of the striking tools 6 and also on the geometry of the grinding chamber 10 and thus on the design of the fins 16, the opening angle 18 characterizing the arrangement of the striking tools 6 must, if appropriate, be selected in each case in accordance with the regrind.
  • the slats 16 can also be designed in different ways. In the simplest case, they are rectangular plates. If necessary, instead of the rectangle, shapes can also be selected which protrude further downward in the radially outer region and are adapted, for example, to the stepped outer radii of the striking tool groups.
  • the formation in the transverse direction of the slats can provide inclined side surfaces, so that the slats 16 have an edge at the bottom, for example.
  • the deflection downwards is increased when the regrind hits the inclined side surface.
  • the slats 16 can also have a special shape in their longitudinal direction, for example concave and / or convex in the direction of rotation, such as a circular segment or wavy line. It is also possible to deviate from the alignment with the axis of rotation 5.
  • a feed device 19 which ensures a meterable and continuous flow of regrind to the openings 15. Another requirement for the feed device 19 is the removal of heavy parts (iron, stones, etc.) which could damage the rotor 4, the striking tools 6 or the sieve 7. Because the ground material should enter the grinding chamber with the highest possible density due to the force of gravity, no extraneous air, which may be used for the separation process, must remain in the ground material.
  • a feed device 19 according to the invention which fulfills the above requirements, comprises a metering slide 21, preferably directly adjoining an inlet opening 20, a heavy part separating device 22, optionally a magnetic separating device 23 and a regrind dividing device 24 for similar feeding of several inlet openings 15.
  • a circulating air separation device is provided as the heavy part separation device 22.
  • This consists of a blower 25 from which the driven air is guided to the separation region 27 via a feed line 26.
  • the air strikes a regrind 28 of regrind falling from the metering slide 21 into the separating area 27.
  • the heavy parts are deflected only slightly by the air flow and hit a reading surface 29 on which they slide to a flap 30.
  • the flap 30 can empty into a heavy part collecting container 31 under weight.
  • the ground material portion which is more strongly deflected by the air, is guided against a deflection surface 32. The majority of the ground material falls past this baffle plate 32 directly down into a feed pipe 33.
  • the fine fraction of the ground material, together with the air, is deflected upwards at the deflection surface 32 and then passes into a centrifugal separation area 34, in which the external air entered for separation is sucked in via a central, perforated pipe 35 and returned to the blower via a return pipe 36 .
  • the centrifugal separation area 34 the largest proportion of the fine fraction carried by the air is separated from the air, so that this fraction also falls into the feed pipe 33.
  • the air returned via the pipes 35 and 36 only carries along a portion of the dust.
  • the circulating-air separation device according to the invention has the great advantage that it consists of a few components, does not use any filters, is low-maintenance and does not leave any outside air in the regrind.
  • a magnetic separation device 23 which preferably consists of a plate magnet, is optionally provided in the feed pipe 33. It has been shown that magnetic parts with a large cross-section, such as bottle caps, are not separated out as heavy parts and that additional magnetic separation is therefore worthwhile. To remove the parts adhering to the magnetic separation device, it can be removed from the feed pipe 33 by means of a flap 37.
  • Feed channels 38 lead from the feed pipe 33 to the inlet openings 15, of which at least one, but preferably three, are provided.
  • the regrind splitting device 24 divides the regrind in the feed tube 33, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the metering slide 21, into three identical partial veils, in that two partition walls are provided in the feed tube 33 at equal intervals perpendicular to this longitudinal direction.
  • the feed pipe 33 merges into the three feed channels 38 by means of these partition walls.
  • a further embodiment according to the invention according to FIG. 3 provides two rotors 104 and 204 with the corresponding drives 103 and 203 in a common housing 2.
  • a screen 107 and 207 and a corresponding grinding chamber 110 and 210 are assigned to each rotor. Access to the screens 107 and 207 takes place through the openings 109 and 209 in the housing 2.
  • the collecting part 2b of the housing 2 preferably has two conical collecting areas with outlet openings 12, but optionally only one common conical collecting area with one outlet opening 12 is provided.
  • a common feed device 19 is provided for both rotors.
  • the feed pipe 33 preferably merges into three feed channels 138 for the inlet openings 115 to the grinding chamber 110 and in three feed channels 238 for the inlet openings 215 to the grinding chamber 210 in the regrind splitting device.
  • This combination of two rotor units enables a cost-effective and energy-efficient increase in grinding capacity, since there is no need for separate housings and feeders with circulating air separators. If necessary, instead of two, three, four or more rotor units can also be arranged in the same housing and fed by the same feed device 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Broyeur à marteaux pour le broyage d'une matière à broyer, comportant un caisson (2) de broyeur à marteaux délimitant une chambre de broyage (10), dans lequel est disposé un rotor (4) placé verticalement et doté d'outils de percussion (6), tandis que sur le côté supérieur du caisson (2) du broyeur à marteaux est prévue au moins une ouverture de sortie (15) située au-dessus des outils de percussion (6), comportant des groupes d'outils de percussion constitués d'outils de percussion (6) qui sont situés dans la direction de l'axe de rotation (5) essentiellement dans un même plan situé perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation (5), et comportant un tamis (7), disposé radialement à l'extérieur des outils de percussion (6), pour la séparation des fines vis-à-vis d'une fraction grossière de la matière à broyer amenée au broyeur à marteaux et traitée par les outils de percussion (6), et comportant une ouverture de décharge (12) prévue du côté inférieur du caisson (2) du broyeur à marteaux, caractérisé en ce que dans une région annulaire du caisson (2) du broyeur à marteaux, qui est située au-dessus des outils de percussion (6) et dans laquelle se trouve au moins une ouverture d'introduction (15), il est prévu au moins une saillie débordant vers le bas, présentant la forme d'une lamelle (16), pour la déviation axiale de la matière à broyer entraînée en rotation, tandis que les lamelles (16) sont dirigées essentiellement radialement le long de lignes traversant l'axe de rotation (5), et sont disposées de préférence, de chacun des deux côtés des ouvertures d'admission (15) dans la direction de rotation.
  2. Broyeur à marteaux selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les outils de percussion (6) sont disposés ou configurés décalés en gradins de telle sorte qu'au moins les outils de percussion (6) du groupe d'outils de percussion situés le plus haut s'étendent radialement moins loin vers l'extérieur que les outils de percussion (6) d'au moins un groupe inférieur, tandis que la matière à broyer est amenée exclusivement du haut, de préférence en ligne droite, par l'intermédiaire des outils de percussion (6).
  3. Broyeur à marteaux selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'extension radiale des outils de percussion (6) diminue ou reste identique, et de préférence diminue, entre chaque groupe inférieur au groupe supérieur suivant.
  4. Broyeur à marteaux selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une surface conique qui traverse essentiellement les extrémités libres des outils de percussion (6) présente par rapport à l'axe de rotation (5) un angle d'ouverture qui est situé dans la plage de 5° à 20°.
  5. Broyeur à marteaux selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les lamelles (16) sont prévues en combinaison avec l'agencement décalé en gradins des outils de percussion (6), de manière à être prolongées vers le bas, à l'extérieur de l'extrémité de chaque outil de percussion (6).
  6. Broyeur à marteaux selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux rotors (104, 204) comportant des axes de rotation (105, 205) essentiellement parallèles, et comportant de préférence chacun un dispositif d'entraînement (103, 203) sont prévus, ces rotors (104, 204) étant disposés l'un à côté de l'autre dans le même caisson (2), chacun dans une chambre propre de broyage (110, 210) propre, délimitée par un tamis (107, 207), et en ce que tous les rotors (104, 204) sont alimentés par le même dispositif d'alimentation (19).
EP19930101680 1992-02-21 1993-02-04 Broyeur à marteaux Expired - Lifetime EP0556645B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH53392 1992-02-21
CH533/92 1992-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0556645A1 EP0556645A1 (fr) 1993-08-25
EP0556645B1 true EP0556645B1 (fr) 1995-12-20

Family

ID=4189201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930101680 Expired - Lifetime EP0556645B1 (fr) 1992-02-21 1993-02-04 Broyeur à marteaux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0556645B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59301182D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0556645T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2081646T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007042839A1 (de) 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Bühler AG Schlagwerkzeug für eine Schlagmühle

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU222862B1 (hu) 1998-09-24 2003-12-29 Bühler Ag. Vertikális malom
DE10239820A1 (de) * 2002-08-29 2004-03-18 Bhs-Sonthofen Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung
DE102005046207B4 (de) * 2005-09-28 2014-12-24 Get Hamburg Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Haufwerk
EP1987883A1 (fr) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-05 Amandus Kahl GmbH & Co. KG Broyeur à impacts

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1021691B (de) * 1956-09-10 1957-12-27 Hazemag Hartzerkleinerung Verfahren zum Aufarbeiten von Akkumulatorenschrott und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrungdieses Verfahrens
DK152338B (da) * 1985-11-11 1988-02-22 Maskinfabrikken Skiold Saeby A Slaglemoelle
ES2005139A6 (es) * 1987-04-09 1989-03-01 Martinez Aranda Santiago Molino de martillos
DE8810234U1 (de) * 1988-08-12 1988-09-22 Torfwerk Gebr. Brill GmbH & Co. KG, 4458 Georgsdorf Mühle zum insbesondere Zerkleinern oder Mahlen von Torf und Erden

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007042839A1 (de) 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Bühler AG Schlagwerkzeug für eine Schlagmühle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0556645T3 (da) 1996-01-29
DE59301182D1 (de) 1996-02-01
EP0556645A1 (fr) 1993-08-25
ES2081646T3 (es) 1996-03-16

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