EP0545180A1 - Neutralization composition for effectively and gently deacidifying books and other paper articles - Google Patents
Neutralization composition for effectively and gently deacidifying books and other paper articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0545180A1 EP0545180A1 EP92119850A EP92119850A EP0545180A1 EP 0545180 A1 EP0545180 A1 EP 0545180A1 EP 92119850 A EP92119850 A EP 92119850A EP 92119850 A EP92119850 A EP 92119850A EP 0545180 A1 EP0545180 A1 EP 0545180A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkoxide
- paper
- neutralizing agent
- agent according
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical class OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LZFFTXYPIUCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-hydroxyacetate Chemical class [Mg+2].OCC([O-])=O.OCC([O-])=O LZFFTXYPIUCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002901 organomagnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical class CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/0063—Preservation or restoration of currency, books or archival material, e.g. by deacidifying
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/18—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to neutralizing agents for the effective and gentle mass deacidification of books and other printed and paper products of all kinds, such as e.g. Magazines or files.
- Alkaline earth metals form very stable salts with the acids in the paper, which ensure reliable preservation, and as an alkaline reserve in the paper give pH values of around 8-9, which are beneficial to the paper and do not cause any alkaline damage.
- a known method for deacidifying archive material (US Pat. No. 3,969,549) consists in treating the books with vapors of metal alkyls, in particular with vapors of diethyl zinc. Due to the moisture in the paper, the metal alkyls are converted into the oxides of the metals, e.g. converted into zinc oxide, which remains in the paper and is a good neutralizing agent for free acids.
- the metal alkyls suitable for this purpose are self-igniting substances in the air, which represent a constant fire and explosion hazard during handling and therefore require an extremely high level of care and appropriate qualifications.
- the Wei T'O process therefore uses book-compatible solvents such as chlorofluorocarbons, the solubility of methyl magnesium carbonate being achieved by adding 10-20% low-boiling alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. Practice shows, however, that this alcohol addition can already be sufficient for inks and stamp inks to wash out and rub off on the neighboring sides.
- the present invention has for its object to provide neutralizing agents that avoid the disadvantages of the known methods and allow effective, gentle and rational deacidification of archive material, in particular without the risk of damage to printing ink, glue or paper, and without after treatment in Paper of remaining interfering substances.
- the hydroxyl hydrogen of an alcohol is replaced by a metal
- the double alkoxides according to the invention are salts, e.g. from Mg or Ca alkoxide with the acid-reacting esters of orthotitanic acid or orthozirconic acid.
- MeI is particularly advantageously formed from the metals titanium and zirconium, while the metals magnesium and calcium are particularly advantageously substituted for MeII.
- the OR groups can be formed from alcohols of different types, for example (mono- or polyhydric alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms). However, monohydric alcohols having 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms which are readily volatile are preferably used according to the invention.
- Double alkoxides e.g. of titanium and zirconium have so far been used as catalysts in organic chemistry. The fact that they are outstandingly suitable for the mass deacidification of paper has not yet been recognized.
- the metal MeII takes over in the form of an alkaline earth metal (for example calcium. Magnesium) or alkali metal (for example potassium or sodium) by reaction with the moisture in the paper and the formation of oxides or hydroxides (for example calcium or magnesium oxides and hydroxides). the neutralization of free acids and the formation of an alkaline reserve while the Metal MeI (preferably titanium or zirconium) causes the good solubility of these compounds.
- an alkaline earth metal for example calcium. Magnesium
- alkali metal for example potassium or sodium
- oxides or hydroxides for example calcium or magnesium oxides and hydroxides
- alkaline earth metals An advantage of the alkaline earth metals is that the hydroxides are only moderately alkaline, so that alkaline damage to the paper is avoided.
- the alkoxide component of the metal components MeI (preferably titanium or zirconium) is also hydrolyzed to the hydroxides of these metals in contact with the paper moisture. However, these hydroxides are converted very quickly into the respective oxides, which due to their chemical inertness are irrelevant for the neutralization.
- Suitable solvents for this purpose are substances known per se, such as chlorofluorocarbons, for example trichlorotrifluoroethane, petroleum hydrocarbons, for example hexane, heptane, siloxanes, for example hexamethyldisiloxane, or fluorocarbons, for example hexafluorobenzene.
- solubilizer e.g. alcohol
- the use of the neutralizing agents according to the invention can be carried out using methods known per se for deacidification, in particular for the mass deacidification of archive materials, e.g. with the method specified in the patent specification DE 3904 111. It is usually advantageous to dry the archives, which will have a storage moisture content of around 5-10% by weight, in a pre-drying step to a residual moisture content of around 0.5% by weight. The degree of this predrying provides a good opportunity to regulate the amount of neutralizing metal oxides installed in the paper, with a greater amount of oxide precipitating out of the solution and becoming anchored in the paper with increasing moisture.
- the tables show, on the one hand, the successful binding of the acids by shifting the pH value (although the initial pH value of the coated paper is already higher due to the calcium carbonate component already present there by coating) and, on the other hand, that an adequate buffer reserve is anchored in the paper could.
- the tables also show that this can be regulated over a wide range via the paper moisture.
- hafnium can also be used, for example, which also acts as an ingredient which ensures sufficient solubility, but is somewhat more expensive than zirconium or titanium.
- Aluminum and tin can also be used.
- all alkaline earth metals or alkali metals can be used, the salts of which are able to form the acids neutralize in paper.
- Strontium for example, can also be used as an alkaline earth metal component; Barium is less suitable because of its toxicity.
- fluorohydrocarbons e.g. hexafluorobenzene
- petrol hydrocarbons are suitable as environmentally compatible solvents.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Neutralisationsmittel zur wirkungsvollen und schonenden Massenentsäuerung von Büchern sowie anderen Druck- und Papiererzeugnissen aller Art, wie z.B. Zeitschriften oder Akten.The present invention relates to neutralizing agents for the effective and gentle mass deacidification of books and other printed and paper products of all kinds, such as e.g. Magazines or files.
Die bei allen Druck- und Papiererzeugnissen und insbesondere bei Büchern während der Lagerung auftretende Alterung führt vor allem durch Spuren von im Papier freigesetzten Säuren zu einer fortschreitenden Schädigung der Papiersubstanz. Werden keine Gegenmaßnahmen in Form einer Neutralisation dieser Säuren getroffen, so führt diese Schädigung nach einigen Jahrzehnten zu einem völligen Zerfall des Papiers. Zur Erhaltung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksbeständen von weltweit einigen hundert Millionen Büchern und anderen Archivalien ist es daher erforderlich die Säuren im Papier zu neutralisieren und gleichzeitig im Papier eine hinreichende Menge einer Substanz zu verankern, die als alkalische Reserve auch zukünftig im Papier noch freigesetzte Säuren neutralisiert. In Anbetracht der sehr großen Büchermengen sind hierzu nur Verfahren geeignet, die die Behandlung der ganzen Bücher gestattet, d.h. Verfahren, bei denen es nicht notwendig ist, die Buchbindung zu öffnen und die Seiten einzeln zu behandeln. Gleiches gilt auch für Archivbestände aller Art, die ebenfalls eine Behandlung von gebundenen oder andersartig zusammengefaßten Papierseiten erfordern. Aus der Notwendigkeit, gebundene Archivalien zu behandeln, ergibt sich die sehr wichtige Anforderung, daß die Neutralisationsmittel und vor allem die zur Behandlung notwendigen Lösemittel in keiner Weise die Komponenten der Archivalien wie z.B. Leime und Klebemittel, Einbandmaterialien, Druck- und Stempelfarben sowie Tinten in irgendeiner Weise angreifen oder verändern. Da die Archivalien in gebundener Form behandelt werden, ist es unvermeidbar, daß die einzelnen Seiten während der Behandlung mehr oder weniger dicht aufeinander liegen. Aus diesem Grunde ist es besonders wichtig, daß Druckfarben, Stempelfarben und auch Tinten, mit denen z.B. Bücher in vielen Fällen signiert sind, in keiner Weise angelöst werden, damit ein Abfärben der Schrift auf die Nachbarseiten vermieden wird.The aging that occurs in all printed and paper products and especially in books during storage leads to progressive damage to the paper substance, in particular due to traces of acids released in the paper. If no countermeasures are taken in the form of neutralization of these acids, this damage leads to a complete decay of the paper after a few decades. To preserve archive and library holdings from a few hundred million books and other archive materials worldwide, it is therefore necessary to neutralize the acids in the paper and at the same time to anchor an adequate amount of a substance in the paper which, as an alkaline reserve, will also neutralize acids released in the future . In view of the very large volumes of books, only procedures which allow the treatment of the entire books are suitable for this, ie procedures in which it is not necessary to open the book binding and to treat the pages individually. The same also applies to all types of archives that also require the treatment of bound or otherwise summarized paper pages. From the need to treat bound archives, there is the very important requirement that the neutralizing agents and especially those for treatment necessary solvents in no way attack or change the components of the archive material such as glues and adhesives, cover materials, printing and stamping inks and inks in any way. Since the archival material is treated in a bound form, it is inevitable that the individual pages will be more or less close together during the treatment. For this reason, it is particularly important that printing inks, stamping inks and also inks, with which books are signed in many cases, for example, are not dissolved in any way, so that the writing on the neighboring pages is not discolored.
Von den bekannten Verfahren zur Entsäuerung kommt besondere Bedeutung den Verfahren zu, die zur Neutralisation Verbindungen der Erdalkalimetalle verwenden. Erdalkalimetalle bilden mit den Säuren im Papier sehr stabile Salze, die eine zuverlässige Konservierung gewährleisten, und ergeben als alkalische Reserve im Papier pH-Werte von etwa 8-9, die dem Papier zuträglich sind und keine alkalische Schädigung bewirken.Of the known processes for deacidification, the processes which use compounds of the alkaline earth metals for neutralization are of particular importance. Alkaline earth metals form very stable salts with the acids in the paper, which ensure reliable preservation, and as an alkaline reserve in the paper give pH values of around 8-9, which are beneficial to the paper and do not cause any alkaline damage.
Ein bekanntes Verfahren zur Entsäuerung von Archivalien (US 3 969 549) besteht in der Behandlung der Bücher mit Dämpfen von Metallalkylen, insbesondere mit Dämpfen von Diethylzink. Durch die Feuchtigkeit im Papier werden die Metallalkyle in die Oxide der Metalle, z.B. in Zinkoxid, umgewandelt, das im Papier verbleibt und ein gutes Neutralisationsmittel für freie Säuren darstellt. Die für diesen Anwendungszweck geeigneten Metallalkyle sind jedoch an der Luft selbstentzündliche Stoffe, die bei der Handhabung ein ständiges Brand- und Explosionsgefahrpotential darstellen und daher ein äußerstes Maß an Sorgfalt und entsprechende Qualifikation voraussetzen.A known method for deacidifying archive material (US Pat. No. 3,969,549) consists in treating the books with vapors of metal alkyls, in particular with vapors of diethyl zinc. Due to the moisture in the paper, the metal alkyls are converted into the oxides of the metals, e.g. converted into zinc oxide, which remains in the paper and is a good neutralizing agent for free acids. However, the metal alkyls suitable for this purpose are self-igniting substances in the air, which represent a constant fire and explosion hazard during handling and therefore require an extremely high level of care and appropriate qualifications.
Nach einem anderen bekannten Verfahren (EP 0273 903 A2) werden die Bücher mit einer wässrigen Lösung von Kalziumhydroxid getränkt, wobei freie Säuren als Kalziumsalze gebunden werden. Die behandelten, noch nassen Bücher werden schockgefroren und gefriergetrocknet. Mit diesem Verfahren ist zwar eine wirkungsvolle Entsäuerung möglich, es ist jedoch zu beachten, daß sich Wasser bekanntermaßen nachteilig auf Papier und insbesondere auf Bücher auswirkt. Neben dem Wellen des Papiers und insbesondere der Buchdeckel besteht die Gefahr, daß die Buchleimung beschädigt wird und daß Tinten- und Stempelfarben ausgewaschen werden. Ferner besteht bei der Gefriertrocknung trotz Schockgefrieren die Gefahr, daß die Eiskristalle das Papier schädigen. Unvermeidbar sind mit der Gefriertrocknung sehr lange Trocknungszeiten verbunden, die bis zu 34 Stunden betragen können und eine rationelle Arbeitsweise unmöglich machen.According to another known method (EP 0273 903 A2) the books are made with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide soaked, free acids being bound as calcium salts. The treated, still wet books are snap-frozen and freeze-dried. With this method, effective deacidification is possible, but it should be noted that water is known to have a disadvantageous effect on paper and in particular on books. In addition to the corrugation of the paper and in particular the cover of the book, there is a risk that the book sizing will be damaged and that ink and stamp colors will be washed out. In addition, freeze drying, despite shock freezing, poses the risk that the ice crystals will damage the paper. Freeze drying is inevitably associated with very long drying times, which can be up to 34 hours and make efficient operation impossible.
Ein weiteres bekanntes Verfahren, das sogenannte Wei T'O-Verfahren, das seit 1974 in der konservatorischen Praxis angewandt wird, verwendet zur Behandlung eine Lösung einer magnesiumorganischen Verbindung wie beispielsweise Methylmagnesiumcarbonat. Auf dieses Verfahren wird auch in dem Artikel "Mass- deacidification in France" von Jean-Marie Arnoult, Restaurator 22/13 984, 1987 Bezug genommen. Auch bei diesem Verfahren wird die Magnesiumverbindung durch die Feuchtigkeit im Papier in Magnesiumoxid und Magnesiumcarbonat umgewandelt, die beide in der Lage sind, Säuren zu neutralisieren. Methylmagnesiumcarbonat ist jedoch wie auch alle Alkoholate der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle in unpolaren Lösemitteln unlöslich. Gerade jedoch die unpolaren Lösemittel sind im Hinblick auf die Verträglichkeit mit den Archivalien besonders geeignete Lösemittel. Das Wei T'O-Verfahren verwendet daher als Lösemittel buchverträgliche Lösemittel wie z.B. Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe, wobei die Löslichkeit des Methylmagnesiumcarbonat durch Zusätze von 10-20 % niedersiedender Alkohole wie Methanol oder Ethanol erreicht wird. Die Praxis zeigt jedoch, daß dieser Alkoholzusatz bereits ausreichen kann, bei Tinten und Stempelfarben ein Auswaschen und ein Abfärben auf die Nachbarseiten zu bewirken.Another known method, the so-called Wei T'O method, which has been used in conservation practice since 1974, uses a solution of an organomagnesium compound, such as methyl magnesium carbonate, for the treatment. This method is also referred to in the article "Massacidification in France" by Jean-Marie Arnoult, restorer 22/13 984, 1987. With this process too, the moisture in the paper converts the magnesium compound into magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate, both of which are able to neutralize acids. However, like all alcoholates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, methyl magnesium carbonate is insoluble in non-polar solvents. However, the non-polar solvents are particularly suitable solvents in terms of compatibility with the archival documents. The Wei T'O process therefore uses book-compatible solvents such as chlorofluorocarbons, the solubility of methyl magnesium carbonate being achieved by adding 10-20% low-boiling alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. Practice shows, however, that this alcohol addition can already be sufficient for inks and stamp inks to wash out and rub off on the neighboring sides.
Die genannten, die Lösemittel betreffenden Probleme werden bei einem anderen bekannten Verfahren (US Serial Nr. 252, 421), bei dem Magnesiumglykolate verwendet werden, vermieden. Diese Glykolate lösen sich auch in unpolaren Lösemitteln wie z.B. Trichlortrifluorethan oder Hexan. Während jedoch bei Verwendung von Magnesiumalkoholaten niederer Alkohole wie die des Methanols, Ethanols, Butanols oder auch der Propanole bei der Reaktion mit der Feuchtigkeit im Papier neben Magnesiumoxid eben diese Alkohole gebildet werden, die infolge ihrer Flüchtigkeit bei der nachfolgenden Trocknung verdampfen, entstehen bei Anwendung der Glykolate Glykole, die infolge ihres hohen Siedepunktes im Papier verbleiben. Wird nun eine für die Neutralisation und für die Bildung einer zusätzlichen alkalischen Reserve im Papier hinreichende Menge Magnesiumoxid in das Papier eingebracht, so entsteht unvermeidlich auch eine entsprechend große Menge Glykol, die im Papier verbleibt und diesem einen feuchten bis fettigen Charakter verleiht.The aforementioned problems relating to the solvents are avoided in another known process (US Serial No. 252, 421) in which magnesium glycolates are used. These glycolates also dissolve in non-polar solvents such as Trichlorotrifluoroethane or hexane. However, while using magnesium alcoholates of lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol or also propanols in the reaction with the moisture in the paper, in addition to magnesium oxide, these alcohols are formed, which evaporate due to their volatility in the subsequent drying Glycolates Glycols that remain in the paper due to their high boiling point. If a sufficient amount of magnesium oxide is introduced into the paper for neutralization and for the formation of an additional alkaline reserve in the paper, a correspondingly large amount of glycol is inevitably formed, which remains in the paper and gives it a moist to greasy character.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Neutralisationsmittel anzugeben, die die geschilderten Nachteile der bekannten Verfahren vermeiden und eine wirkungsvolle, schonende und rationelle Entsäuerung von Archivalien ermöglichen, insbesondere ohne die Gefahr der Beschädigung von Druckfarbe, Leim oder Papier, sowie ohne nach der Behandlung im Papier verbleibender störender Begleitstoffe.The present invention has for its object to provide neutralizing agents that avoid the disadvantages of the known methods and allow effective, gentle and rational deacidification of archive material, in particular without the risk of damage to printing ink, glue or paper, and without after treatment in Paper of remaining interfering substances.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Danach wurde gefunden, daß sich Doppelalkoxide aus Alkoxiden von die Löslichkeit unterstützenden Metallen wie Metallen der IV. Nebengruppe des periodischen Systems der Elemente und Aluminium sowie Zinn und Alkoxiden von Metallen, die die freien Säuren im Papier binden, wie Erdalkalimetallen oder Alkalimetallen die geforderten Eigenschaften erbringen und sich hervorragend für die Massenentsäuerung eignen.This object is achieved by the subject matter of patent claim 1. It was then found that double alkoxides from alkoxides of solubility-supporting metals such as metals of subgroup IV of the periodic system of the elements and aluminum and tin and alkoxides of metals which bind the free acids in the paper, such as Alkaline earth metals or alkali metals provide the required properties and are ideal for mass deacidification.
Dies ist bemerkenswert, weil z.B. die Alkoholate oder auch Alkoxide der Erdalkalimetalle Calcium und Magnesium in unpolaren Lösemitteln bekanntermaßen unlöslich sind. Es zeigte sich demgegenüber, daß z.B. die Doppelalkoxide dieser Metalle mit Elementen der IV. Nebengruppe in einer Vielzahl unpolarer und mit Archivalien sehr gut verträglichen Lösemitteln vorzüglich lösbar sind.This is remarkable because e.g. the alcoholates or alkoxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium and magnesium are known to be insoluble in non-polar solvents. In contrast, it was found that e.g. the double alkoxides of these metals with elements of subgroup IV are excellently soluble in a large number of non-polar solvents which are very well compatible with archival documents.
Dies ist bislang nicht erkannt worden, obgleich seit etwa zwanzig Jahren fortgesetzt mit Alkoxiden und insbesondere mit Mischungen von Alkoxiden gearbeitet wird (WO 90/03466 A1 und US 3 676 182), wobei die Löslichkeit in organischen Lösemitteln dadurch erzielt wird, daß mindestens eine der Metallvalenzen mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen und/oder mit Äthern mehrwertiger Alkohole oder mit Aminoverbindungen belegt wird. Diese Stoffe bleiben jedoch infolge ihres relativ hohen Siedepunktes im Papier. Wie weiter unten ausgeführt ist, sind hingegen die in der Erfindung möglichen kurzkettigen einwertigen Alkohole zur Bildung der Doppelalkoxide leicht flüchtig und weisen diesen Nachteil nicht auf. Schließlich ist auf die grundsätzlichen Unterschiede zwischen Alkoxiden (oder Alkoholaten) und Doppelalkoxiden hinzuweisen. Bei ersteren ist der Hydroxylwasserstoff eines Alkohols durch ein Metall ersetzt, bei den erfindungsgemäßen Doppelalkoxiden handelt es sich demgegenüber um Salze z.B. aus Mg- oder Ca-Alkoxid mit den sauer reagierenden Estern der Orthotitansäure bzw. Orthozirkonsäure.This has not been recognized so far, although alkoxides and in particular mixtures of alkoxides have been used for about twenty years (WO 90/03466 A1 and US 3,676,182), the solubility in organic solvents being achieved by at least one of the Metal valences with polyhydric alcohols and / or with ethers of polyhydric alcohols or with amino compounds. However, due to their relatively high boiling point, these substances remain in the paper. In contrast, as explained further below, the short-chain monohydric alcohols possible in the invention for the formation of the double alkoxides are volatile and do not have this disadvantage. Finally, the fundamental differences between alkoxides (or alcoholates) and double alkoxides should be pointed out. In the former, the hydroxyl hydrogen of an alcohol is replaced by a metal, whereas the double alkoxides according to the invention are salts, e.g. from Mg or Ca alkoxide with the acid-reacting esters of orthotitanic acid or orthozirconic acid.
Diese Doppelalkoxide sind durch die allgemeine Formel
MeI(OR)x · MeII(OR)y
charakterisierbar. MeI wird erfindungsgemäß besonders vorteilhaft von den Metallen Titan und Zirkonium gebildet, während an die Stelle von MeII besonders vorteilhaft die Metalle Magnesium und Calcium treten. Die OR-Gruppen können prinzipiell von Alkoholen unterschiedlicher Art z.B. (ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen mit 1 bis 5 C-Atomen) gebildet werden. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch erfindungsgemäß einwertige Alkoholen mit 1 bis 5, vorzugsweise 2 bis 4 C-Atomen eingesetzt, die leicht flüchtig sind.These double alkoxides are of the general formula
Mel (OR) x Me II (OR) y
characterizable. According to the invention, MeI is particularly advantageously formed from the metals titanium and zirconium, while the metals magnesium and calcium are particularly advantageously substituted for MeII. In principle, the OR groups can be formed from alcohols of different types, for example (mono- or polyhydric alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms). However, monohydric alcohols having 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms which are readily volatile are preferably used according to the invention.
Doppelalkoxide z.B. des Titans und Zirkoniums werden bislang als Katalysatoren in der organischen Chemie eingesetzt. Die Tatsache ihrer hervorragenden Eignung zur Massenentsäuerung von Papier wurde bisher nicht erkannt.Double alkoxides e.g. of titanium and zirconium have so far been used as catalysts in organic chemistry. The fact that they are outstandingly suitable for the mass deacidification of paper has not yet been recognized.
Von Bedeutung ist hierbei noch folgende Tatsache: Es wäre zunächst bei derartigen Doppelalkoxiden zu erwarten, daß bei der Säurebindung im Papier neben der erwünschten Bildung von stabilen Mg- bzw. Ca-Salzen auch Ti- bzw. Zr-Salze entstehen. Diese nur wenig stabilen Salze könnten ihrerseits durch Säurefreisetzung das Papier gefährden. Überraschenderweise wurde jedoch festgestellt, daß diese Salze nicht entstehen.The following fact is also important here: It would initially be expected with double alkoxides of this type that, in addition to the desired formation of stable Mg or Ca salts, Ti or Zr salts also form in the acid binding in the paper. These salts, which are not very stable, could in turn endanger the paper through acid release. Surprisingly, however, it was found that these salts do not arise.
Ferner wurde beobachtet daß durch Titan zudem eine vorteilhafte Verfestigung des Papiers bewirkt wird.It has also been observed that titanium also advantageously strengthens the paper.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Doppelalkoxiden übernimmt das Metall MeII in Form eines Erdalkalimetalls (z.B. Calcium. Magnesium) oder Alkalimetalls (z.B. Kalium oder Natrium) durch Reaktion mit der Feuchte im Papier und die Bildung von Oxiden oder Hydroxiden (z.B. Calcium- oder Magnesiumoxiden und -hydroxiden) die Neutralisation freier Säuren und die Bildung einer alkalischen Reserve, während das Metall MeI (vorzugsweise Titan oder Zirkonium) die gute Löslichkeit dieser Verbindungen bewirkt.In the double alkoxides according to the invention, the metal MeII takes over in the form of an alkaline earth metal (for example calcium. Magnesium) or alkali metal (for example potassium or sodium) by reaction with the moisture in the paper and the formation of oxides or hydroxides (for example calcium or magnesium oxides and hydroxides). the neutralization of free acids and the formation of an alkaline reserve while the Metal MeI (preferably titanium or zirconium) causes the good solubility of these compounds.
Bei den Erdalkalimetallen ist von Vorteil, daß die Hydroxide nur mäßig alkalisch sind, so daß eine alkalische Schädigung des Papiers vermieden wird.An advantage of the alkaline earth metals is that the hydroxides are only moderately alkaline, so that alkaline damage to the paper is avoided.
Die Alkoxidkomponente der Metallkomponenten MeI (vorzugsweise Titan oder Zirkonium) wird in Kontakt mit der Papierfeuchte ebenfalls zu den Hydroxiden dieser Metalle hydrolysiert. Diese Hydroxide werden jedoch sehr schnell in die jeweiligen Oxide umgewandelt, die infolge ihrer chemischen Inertheit für die Neutralisation bedeutungslos sind.The alkoxide component of the metal components MeI (preferably titanium or zirconium) is also hydrolyzed to the hydroxides of these metals in contact with the paper moisture. However, these hydroxides are converted very quickly into the respective oxides, which due to their chemical inertness are irrelevant for the neutralization.
Da diese Oxide zudem andererseits als sehr feine Pulver vorliegen, ergibt sich ein weiterer, erfindungsgemäßer Vorteil dadurch, daß diese feinen Pulver ein eventuelles Verkleben der Seiten verhindern, ähnlich wie dies in anderen Bereichen der Technik z B. durch Talkum bewirkt wird, ohne jedoch dabei störend in Erscheinung zu treten.Since these oxides are also present on the other hand as very fine powders, a further advantage according to the invention results from the fact that these fine powders prevent the sides from possibly sticking, in a manner similar to that achieved in other areas of technology, for example by talc, but without doing so to appear disruptive.
Im Falle eines Doppelalkoxids mit Calcium als MeII ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß weiterhin der wichtige Vorteil, daß Calcium mit den Schwefelsäurespuren im Papier unlösliches und chemisch besonders inertes Calciumsulfat (Gips) bildet. Bei bekannten Verfahren war es bisher nur möglich, Calcium in wässriger Lösung in das Papier einzubringen.In the case of a double alkoxide with calcium as MeII, there is the further important advantage according to the invention that calcium forms calcium sulfate (gypsum) which is insoluble and chemically particularly inert with the sulfuric acid traces in the paper. In the case of known processes, it was previously only possible to introduce calcium into the paper in aqueous solution.
Die genannten Doppelalkoxide werden zweckmäßigerweise als Lösung in einem geeigneten Lösemittel angewendet, die z.B. 0,1-0,5 Gew.-% Magnesium oder Calcium enthält. Als Lösemittel sind hierzu an sich bekannte Stoffe wie Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Trichlortrifluorethan, Benzinkohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Hexan, Heptan, Siloxane, z.B. Hexamethyldisiloxan, oder Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Hexafluorbenzol, geeignet.The double alkoxides mentioned are expediently used as a solution in a suitable solvent which contains, for example, 0.1-0.5% by weight of magnesium or calcium. Suitable solvents for this purpose are substances known per se, such as chlorofluorocarbons, for example trichlorotrifluoroethane, petroleum hydrocarbons, for example hexane, heptane, siloxanes, for example hexamethyldisiloxane, or fluorocarbons, for example hexafluorobenzene.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist, daß erfindungsgemäß bei keinem dieser Lösemittel der Zusatz eines Lösevermittlers, z.B. eines Alkohols, notwendig ist.It is particularly important that, according to the invention, the addition of a solubilizer, e.g. alcohol, is necessary.
Die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Neutralisationsmittel kann mit an sich bekannten Verfahren zur Entsäuerung, insbesondere zur Massenentsäuerung von Archivalien, z.B. mit dem in der Patentschrift DE 3904 111 angegebenen Verfahren erfolgen. Es ist in der Regel dabei von Vorteil die Archivalien, die eine Lagerfeuchte von etwa 5-10 Gew.- % haben werden, in einem Vortrocknungsschritt auf eine Restfeuchte von ca. 0,5 Gew.-% zu trocknen. Der Grad dieser Vortrocknung gibt eine gute Möglichkeit, die Menge der im Papier installierten, neutralisierenden Metalloxide zu regulieren, wobei mit zunehmender Feuchte eine größere Menge Oxid aus der Lösung ausgefällt und im Papier verankert wird.The use of the neutralizing agents according to the invention can be carried out using methods known per se for deacidification, in particular for the mass deacidification of archive materials, e.g. with the method specified in the patent specification DE 3904 111. It is usually advantageous to dry the archives, which will have a storage moisture content of around 5-10% by weight, in a pre-drying step to a residual moisture content of around 0.5% by weight. The degree of this predrying provides a good opportunity to regulate the amount of neutralizing metal oxides installed in the paper, with a greater amount of oxide precipitating out of the solution and becoming anchored in the paper with increasing moisture.
Im folgenden werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand tabellarisch zusammengefaßter Versuchsergebnisse zur Erläuterung der Erfindung und deren Vorteile angegeben.Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are given below on the basis of experimental results summarized in tabular form to explain the invention and its advantages.
50 g Titantetrabutylat · Magnesiumdiethylat Ti(O₄H₉)₄ · Mg(OC₂H₅)₂ gelöst in
950 g Hexamethyldisiloxan
950 g of hexamethyldisiloxane
110 g Titantetraethylat · Calciumdiethylat Ti(OC₂H₅)₄ · Ca(OC₂H₅)₂ gelöst in
890 g Hexamethyldisiloxan
890 g hexamethyldisiloxane
Der Begriff "alkalische Pufferreserve" wurde dem Sprachgebrauch der konservatorischen Praxis übernommen und ist jeweils in Gew.% MgCO₃ berechnet. Der alkalische Bestandteil wurde hierzu titrimetisch bestimmt und auf Magnesiumcarbonat umgerechnet.
- 1. Wie aus den Tabellen hervorgeht, wurden sowohl ungetrocknete, d.h. lagerfeuchte Papiere als auch vorgetrocknete Papiere behandelt.
Es handelte sich dabei um Bücher mit unterschiedlichen Papiersorten.
Zur Vortrocknung auf eine Restfeuchte von 0,5 Gew. % wurde eine Mikrowellenbeheizung angewandt.
Die eigentliche Behandlung erfolgte in Form einer Vakuumtrocknung, um eine gute und gleichmäßige Durchtränkung der Bücher zu gewährleisten. Die Einwirkungsdauer der Behandlungslösungen betrug dann jeweils 10 Minuten.
- 1. As can be seen from the tables, both undried, ie moist papers, and pre-dried papers were treated.
These were books with different types of paper.
Microwave heating was used for predrying to a residual moisture content of 0.5% by weight.
The actual treatment was carried out in the form of vacuum drying in order to ensure a good and even soaking of the books. The duration of exposure of the treatment solutions was then 10 minutes in each case.
Die Tabellen zeigen einerseits die erfolgreiche Bindung der Säuren durch die Verschiebung des pH-Wertes, (wobei beim gestrichenen Papier infolge des dort durch das Streichen bereits vorliegenden Calciumcarbonatbestandteils der pH-Ausgangswert bereits höher ist) und andererseits, daß eine ausreichende Pufferreserve im Papier verankert werden konnte. Die Tabellen zeigen ferner, daß diese über die Papierfeuchte über einen weiten Bereich regulierbar ist.The tables show, on the one hand, the successful binding of the acids by shifting the pH value (although the initial pH value of the coated paper is already higher due to the calcium carbonate component already present there by coating) and, on the other hand, that an adequate buffer reserve is anchored in the paper could. The tables also show that this can be regulated over a wide range via the paper moisture.
Neben den angegebenen Metallen der IV. Nebengruppe ist beispielsweise auch Hafnium verwendbar, das ebenfalls als für eine ausreichende Löslichkeit sorgender Bestandteil wirkt, jedoch um einiges teurer ist als Zirkonium oder Titan. Ferner sind Aluminium und Zinn einsetzbar. Prinzipiell sind sämtliche Erdalkalimetalle oder Alkalimetalle verwendbar,deren Salze in der Lage sind, die Säuren im Papier zu neutralisieren. Als Erdalkalimetallbestandteil ist z.B. auch Strontium einsetzbar; Barium ist wegen seiner Giftigkeit weniger geeignet. Neben Siloxanen sind Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe (z.B. Hexafluorbenzol) oder Benzinkohlenwasserstoffe als umweltverträgliche Lösemittel geeignet.In addition to the specified metals of subgroup IV, hafnium can also be used, for example, which also acts as an ingredient which ensures sufficient solubility, but is somewhat more expensive than zirconium or titanium. Aluminum and tin can also be used. In principle, all alkaline earth metals or alkali metals can be used, the salts of which are able to form the acids neutralize in paper. Strontium, for example, can also be used as an alkaline earth metal component; Barium is less suitable because of its toxicity. In addition to siloxanes, fluorohydrocarbons (e.g. hexafluorobenzene) or petrol hydrocarbons are suitable as environmentally compatible solvents.
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Neutralisationsmittel aus einer Lösung einer oder mehrerer Arten von Doppelalkoxiden besteht mit jeweils einem Alkoxid eines die Löslichkeit fördernden Metalls und einem Alkoxid eines die Säuren im Papier bindenden Metalls.Neutralizing agent for effective and gentle mass deacidification of books and other paper products,
characterized,
that the neutralizing agent consists of a solution of one or more types of double alkoxides, each with an alkoxide of a metal which promotes solubility and an alkoxide of a metal which binds the acids in the paper.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Alkoxid des die Löslichkeit fördernden Metalls ein Alkoxid eines Metalls der IV. Nebengruppe oder von Aluminium oder Zinn ist.Neutralizing agent according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the alkoxide of the metal which promotes solubility is an alkoxide of a metal of subgroup IV or of aluminum or tin.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Alkoxid der IV. Nebengruppe ein Titanalkoxid ist.Neutralizing agent according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the alkoxide of subgroup IV is a titanium alkoxide.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Alkoxid der IV. Nebengruppe ein Zirkoniumalkoxid ist.Neutralizing agent according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the alkoxide of subgroup IV is a zirconium alkoxide.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Alkoxid des die Säuren bindenden Metalls ein Erdalkali- oder Alkalimetall-Alkoxid ist.Neutralizing agent according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the alkoxide of the metal binding the acids is an alkaline earth or alkali metal alkoxide.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Erdalkalimetall-Alkoxid ein Magnesiumalkoxid ist.Neutralizing agent according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the alkaline earth metal alkoxide is a magnesium alkoxide.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Erdalkalimetall-Alkoxid ein Calciumalkoxid ist.Neutralizing agent according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the alkaline earth metal alkoxide is a calcium alkoxide.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Doppelalkoxide von einwertigen Alkoholen mit 1 bis 5 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen gebildet sind.Neutralizing agent according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the double alkoxides are formed from monohydric alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Doppelalkoxide in einem unpolaren und mit den Büchern und anderen Papiererzeugnissen gut verträglichen Lösemittel gelöst sind.Neutralizing agent according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the double alkoxides are dissolved in a non-polar solvent that is well compatible with books and other paper products.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Lösemittel ausgewählt ist aus Siloxanen, Benzinkohlenwasserstoffen oder Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen.Neutralizing agent according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the solvent is selected from siloxanes, gasoline hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4138750 | 1991-11-26 | ||
| DE4138750A DE4138750A1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1991-11-26 | NEUTRALIZING AGENTS FOR THE EFFECTIVE AND GENTLE MASS DE-ACIDIFICATION OF BOOKS AND OTHER PAPER PRODUCTS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0545180A1 true EP0545180A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| EP0545180B1 EP0545180B1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
Family
ID=6445552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92119850A Expired - Lifetime EP0545180B1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-21 | Neutralization composition for effectively and gently deacidifying books and other paper articles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5322558A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0545180B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05302300A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE136078T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2083549A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4138750A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2087406T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002042557A1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-30 | ZFB Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH | Solidifying agent and/or stabilizer |
| EP1273568A3 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-08-06 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Novel diazo derivatives and process for their preparation |
| DE102008034100A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Stu Fakulta Chemickej A Potravinárskej Technológie | Multifunctional device for modification of cellulose material such as printed- and paper products from books, magazines, manuscripts, maps and works of art on paper, technical drawings and other documents, comprises a drying chamber |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5693384A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1997-12-02 | Conservation Resources International, Inc. | Article and method for preserving an archival article |
| US5633054A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1997-05-27 | Conservation Resources International, Inc. | Archival materials and packaging |
| DE4300186A1 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-07-14 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Storage-stable solutions of carbonized magnesium methylate in methanol as well as their production and use |
| DE4300185A1 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-07-14 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Storage-stable solutions of a mixture of carbonized magnesium methylate, carbonized magnesium ethylate and their carbonized mixed alkoxide in a mixture of methanol and ethanol and their preparation and use |
| US5433827A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-07-18 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Method for the deacidification of papers and books |
| DE19543707A1 (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 1997-05-28 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Process for preserving paper |
| DE19545444A1 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-12 | Du Pont | Alkoxides with alkaline earths and titanium, zirconium and / or hafnium, their production and use |
| ATE227379T1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 2002-11-15 | Ruag Munition | DEVICE FOR DEACIDIFYING WRITINGS |
| US6214165B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2001-04-10 | Joseph Zicherman | Method for deacidification of papers and books by fluidizing a bed of dry alkaline particles |
| KR20010070082A (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-07-25 | 이인수 | The Agent using a Si-Compound Carrier for Long-Term Storage of Prints |
| US6641877B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2003-11-04 | Ronald E. Johnson | Article and method for retarding the deterioration rate of acidic paper |
| US9464383B2 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2016-10-11 | Richard Daniel Smith | Deacidification treatment of printed cellulosic materials |
| CN107881850B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2022-10-21 | 华南理工大学 | Ancient book deacidification reinforcing and strengthening device |
| CN108442175A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-24 | 中国人民大学 | A kind of paper material acid stripping method based on nano calcium hydroxide |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3676182A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1972-07-11 | Richard Daniel Smith | Treatment of cellulosic materials |
| US3969549A (en) * | 1974-12-24 | 1976-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Librarian Of Congress | Method of deacidifying paper |
| WO1990003466A1 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-05 | Lithium Corporation Of America | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3761500A (en) * | 1970-05-26 | 1973-09-25 | Owens Illinois Inc | Liquid double alkoxides |
| US3811918A (en) * | 1971-12-20 | 1974-05-21 | Owens Illinois Inc | Process for producing protective glass coatings |
| AT391721B (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1990-11-26 | Republik Oesterreich Diese Ver | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF PAPER |
| US5104997A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1992-04-14 | Fmc Corporation | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
| US5208072A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1993-05-04 | Fmc Corporation | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
| DE3904111A1 (en) * | 1989-02-11 | 1990-08-16 | Battelle Institut E V | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MASS DEIFICATION OF BOOKS AND OTHER PAPER PRODUCTS |
-
1991
- 1991-11-26 DE DE4138750A patent/DE4138750A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-11-20 US US07/979,125 patent/US5322558A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-21 ES ES92119850T patent/ES2087406T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-21 DE DE59205843T patent/DE59205843D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-21 AT AT92119850T patent/ATE136078T1/en active
- 1992-11-21 EP EP92119850A patent/EP0545180B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-23 CA CA002083549A patent/CA2083549A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-26 JP JP4317394A patent/JPH05302300A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3676182A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1972-07-11 | Richard Daniel Smith | Treatment of cellulosic materials |
| US3969549A (en) * | 1974-12-24 | 1976-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Librarian Of Congress | Method of deacidifying paper |
| WO1990003466A1 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-05 | Lithium Corporation Of America | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002042557A1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-30 | ZFB Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH | Solidifying agent and/or stabilizer |
| EP1273568A3 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-08-06 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Novel diazo derivatives and process for their preparation |
| US6740741B2 (en) | 2001-07-04 | 2004-05-25 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Diazo derivatives and process for their preparation |
| DE102008034100A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Stu Fakulta Chemickej A Potravinárskej Technológie | Multifunctional device for modification of cellulose material such as printed- and paper products from books, magazines, manuscripts, maps and works of art on paper, technical drawings and other documents, comprises a drying chamber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4138750A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| EP0545180B1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| ATE136078T1 (en) | 1996-04-15 |
| ES2087406T3 (en) | 1996-07-16 |
| US5322558A (en) | 1994-06-21 |
| CA2083549A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| JPH05302300A (en) | 1993-11-16 |
| DE59205843D1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
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