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EP0429323B1 - Metal treatment ladle with a refractory base coating and process for making such refractory base coating - Google Patents

Metal treatment ladle with a refractory base coating and process for making such refractory base coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0429323B1
EP0429323B1 EP90403059A EP90403059A EP0429323B1 EP 0429323 B1 EP0429323 B1 EP 0429323B1 EP 90403059 A EP90403059 A EP 90403059A EP 90403059 A EP90403059 A EP 90403059A EP 0429323 B1 EP0429323 B1 EP 0429323B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refractory
ladle
lining
joints
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90403059A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0429323B2 (en
EP0429323A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Beurotte
Pierre De Lafarge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lafarge Refractories sollac
Original Assignee
Sollac SA
Lafarge Refractaires Monolithiques
Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC
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Application filed by Sollac SA, Lafarge Refractaires Monolithiques, Lorraine de Laminage Continu SA SOLLAC filed Critical Sollac SA
Priority to AT90403059T priority Critical patent/ATE99580T1/en
Publication of EP0429323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0429323A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pocket for the production of a metal comprising a metal casing provided, on its internal surface, with a refractory lining of the wall and a refractory lining of the bottom carrying a tap hole.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing such a refractory bottom coating.
  • a continuous flow distributor with a coating, the bottom of which is in the form of a gutter of semi-cylindrical section, is known from document US-A-3333746.
  • the expansions generate, by a separation in the center, between the coating and the bottom of the pocket, a buckling of said bottom coating.
  • This type of deformation can lead to rapid deterioration and a fall in the bottom refractory lining when the slag is emptied.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid, among other things, the separation of the bottom refractory lining from a pocket for the production of metal, for example steel.
  • the present invention thus relates to a pocket for the production of metal comprising a metal envelope provided, on its internal surface, with a refractory lining of the wall and a refractory lining of the bottom carrying a tap hole, characterized in that that the surface of the bottom refractory lining, in contact with the metal being produced, is formed by a concave surface having a generally spherical shape and at all points a slope directed towards the tap hole, said tap hole being eccentric with respect to the center of said bottom surface.
  • the bottom refractory lining consists of at least one assembly of independent elements separated by seals, said independent elements obtained by molding being produced and arranged so as to create an arch effect when the pocket is overturned.
  • Fig. 1 shows the lower part of a pocket for the production of metal, for example steel, comprising a metal casing 1, for example cylindrical, provided on its internal wall 2 with a refractory lining of wall 3 and d '' a refractory bottom coating 4 provided with a tap hole 5.
  • a metal casing 1 for example cylindrical, provided on its internal wall 2 with a refractory lining of wall 3 and d '' a refractory bottom coating 4 provided with a tap hole 5.
  • the bottom refractory lining 4 is composed of a refractory layer whose surface 6 in contact with the metal to be produced is a concave surface having at all points a slope directed towards the taphole 5.
  • the concave shape 6 of the bottom refractory lining 4 creates a vault effect when the pocket is overturned and therefore the vault effect prevents the separation of said bottom refractory lining 4.
  • the bottom refractory lining 4 consists of an assembly of several independent elements 4a separated by joints 7 of refractory concrete.
  • the independent elements 4a constituting the bottom refractory lining 4 are produced, for example by molding, and each have a specific shape for readjustment with respect to each other in the bottom of the metal envelope 1 of the pocket. Their arrangement and shape are determined so as to obtain a vault effect when the pocket is overturned.
  • the seals 7 are preferably placed, on the one hand, concentrically with the taphole 5 and, on the other hand, radiating with respect to this same taphole, said radiating seals being further offset from a seal concentric with the 'other.
  • the lateral faces of the independent elements 4a are provided with grooves 8 forming on the seals 7, projections which block the sliding of said elements 4a relative to each other.
  • the grooves 8 extend substantially parallel to the surface of the pocket bottom.
  • the independent elements are grouted with a refractory concrete with permanent variation of positive residual dimension, the other physical properties of the sealing concrete are close to those of the refractory material used for the production of the independent elements 4a.
  • the sealing concrete which forms the joints 7 is arranged so as to balance or compensate for expansion deformations due to the geometry of the set of independent elements 4a.
  • the refractory wall lining comprises at least one safety layer 10 and at least one wear layer 11
  • the bottom refractory lining comprises at least one safety layer 12 and at least one wear layer 13.
  • the wear layers (11, 13) are made of refractory bricks, the quality of which is determined by the conditions of use and the stresses undergone in the various parts of the pocket refractory lining.
  • These bricks can be made from aggregates, in particular aluminous, dolomite and magnesia.
  • the bricks constituting the safety layer 10 and the wear layer 11, for example of semi-universal format, are supported on an external shoulder 14 of an annular ramp 15 for starting to build the bricks of the refractory wall covering.
  • the outer shoulder 14 defines two helical bearing surfaces 16 and 17 respectively.
  • the support surface 16 has the width of the wall security layer 10 and the support surface 17 has the width of the wall wear layer 11.
  • outer shoulder 14 is a means of peripheral locking of the security layer 12 of the pocket bottom.
  • the safety layer 12 of the pocket bottom on the bottom of the pocket is deposited, in the space delimited by the annular ramp 15, the safety layer 12 of the pocket bottom, of lenticular shape and having a flat face 12a sealed on the internal face of the bottom of the metal casing 1 and a face 12b having a sufficiently spherical concave surface having at all points a slope directed towards the taphole 5.
  • the bottom wear layer 13 of refractory bricks which matches the shape of the concavity.
  • the surface 13b of the bottom wear layer 13, in contact with the metal in production, defines a sphere whose center is located on the longitudinal axis of the tap hole 5.
  • the bottom wear layer 13, bearing on the concave surface 12b substantially spherical of the bottom safety layer 12, has, by a vault effect, a tendency to press against said safety layer 12 during thermal expansion, which ensures its mechanical strength when the pocket is overturned.
  • the annular ramp 15 and the bottom safety layer 12 are both made of the same material which is generally an aluminous concrete based on andalusite. This refractory concrete must have good mechanical strength when cold and acceptable pyroscopic resistance.
  • Fig.4 is a top view of the assembly formed of the annular ramp 15 and the bottom security layer 12.
  • the annular ramp 15, on which is molded the outer shoulder 14 forming the two helical ramps respectively 16 and 17 for starting the masonry of the bricks of the refractory wall covering is cast on site.
  • the bottom security layer 12 consists of a set of elements 20 forming a mosaic and jointed with a concrete of coefficient of thermal expansion slightly higher than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the refractory material constituting said independent elements 20.
  • the other physical properties of the sealing concrete constituting the joints 21 between the independent elements 20 are close to those of the refractory material used for the production of said independent elements 20.
  • the seals 21 are arranged so as to balance or compensate for the expansion deformations due to the geometry of all the independent elements 20.
  • the seals 21 are preferably placed, on the one hand concentrically with the tap hole 5 and on the other hand radiating with respect to this same tap hole 5, the radiating joints being moreover staggered with respect to each other.
  • the lateral faces of the independent elements 20 are also provided with a groove 22 which forms, on the cast seals 21, protrusions which block the sliding of the independent elements 20 of the security layer 12 relative to each other.
  • a mold 30 formed as a template for the refractory lining 4 at the bottom or the security layer 12 at the bottom.
  • the mold 30 consists of a cylinder 31 placed on a convex surface 32 producing the curve of the surface of the refractory lining 4 at the bottom or the safety layer 12 at the bottom of the pocket.
  • the mold 30 is partitioned with vertical walls 33 whose section corresponds to the shape of the seals (7, 21), said vertical walls 33 being placed so as to determine compartments forming molds for the elements (4a, 20) respectively of the refractory lining (4) for the bottom or the security layer 12.
  • the elements (4a, 20) of specific shape are referenced. They together constitute either a refractory lining 4 at the bottom, or a security layer 12 at the bottom with a homogeneous physical characteristic.
  • the concave shape of the surface in contact with the metal to be produced is of substantially spherical shape
  • other shapes would be suitable such as for example a cylindrical or ogival shape, these shapes allowing an arching of the bottom refractory lining and its mechanical strength.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a ladle for treating metal, comprising a metal casing (1) which is equipped, on its inner surface, with a refractory wall coating (3) and with a refractory base coating (4) carrying a taphole (5), characterised in that the surface of the refractory base coating (4) in contact with the metal under treatment is a concave surface having, at any point, a slope directed towards the taphole (5). A further subject of the invention is a process for producing such a refractory base coating.

Description

La présente invention est relative à une poche pour l'élaboration d'un métal comprenant une enveloppe métallique munie, sur sa surface interne, d'un revêtement réfractaire de paroi et d'un revêtement réfractaire de fond portant un trou de coulée.The present invention relates to a pocket for the production of a metal comprising a metal casing provided, on its internal surface, with a refractory lining of the wall and a refractory lining of the bottom carrying a tap hole.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de réalisation d'un tel revêtement réfractaire de fond.The present invention also relates to a process for producing such a refractory bottom coating.

Dans le domaine de la métallurgie, une telle poche est connue et, dans les acieries, on cherche à réaliser des revêtements de fond de poche ayant une pente vers le trou de coulée pour améliorer l'écoulement du métal en fin de coulée et réduire ainsi les pertes de métal.In the field of metallurgy, such a ladle is known and, in steelworks, it is sought to produce bottom coatings of the ladle having a slope towards the taphole to improve the flow of metal at the end of casting and thus reduce metal losses.

Un répartiteur de coulée continue avec un revêtement, dont le fond se présente sous la forme d'une goutière de section demi-cylindrique, est connu du document US-A-3333746.A continuous flow distributor with a coating, the bottom of which is in the form of a gutter of semi-cylindrical section, is known from document US-A-3333746.

Mais, un revêtement de fond de poche, plat, incliné, a pour principal inconvénient de se soulever par l'effet de la dilatation thermique des matériaux réfractaires, au cours du chauffage de la poche. Ce phénomène est encore plus important lorsqu'on utilise des matériaux basiques dont le coefficient de dilatation est plus élevé que celui des matériaux acides.However, the main drawback of a flat, inclined pocket bottom coating is that it rises due to the effect of thermal expansion of the refractory materials, during heating of the pocket. This phenomenon is even more important when using basic materials whose coefficient of expansion is higher than that of acidic materials.

Les dilatations engendrent, par un décollement au centre, entre le revêtement et le fond de la poche, un flambage dudit revêtement de fond.The expansions generate, by a separation in the center, between the coating and the bottom of the pocket, a buckling of said bottom coating.

Ce type de déformation peut entrainer une détérioration rapide et une chute du revêtement réfractaire de fond lors de la vidange du laitier.This type of deformation can lead to rapid deterioration and a fall in the bottom refractory lining when the slag is emptied.

La présente invention a pour but d'éviter, entre autres, le décollement du revêtement réfractaire de fond d'une poche pour l'élaboration de métal, par exemple d'acier.The object of the present invention is to avoid, among other things, the separation of the bottom refractory lining from a pocket for the production of metal, for example steel.

La présente invention a ainsi pour objet une poche pour l'élaboration de métal comportant une enveloppe métallique munie, sur sa surface interne, d'un revêtement réfractaire de paroi et d'un revêtement réfractaire de fond portant un trou de coulée, caractérisée en ce que la surface du revêtement réfractaire de fond, en contact avec le métal en élaboration, est formée par une surface concave présentant une forme générale sphérique et en tout point une pente dirigée vers le trou de coulée, ledit trou de coulée étant excentré par rapport au centre de ladite surface de fond.The present invention thus relates to a pocket for the production of metal comprising a metal envelope provided, on its internal surface, with a refractory lining of the wall and a refractory lining of the bottom carrying a tap hole, characterized in that that the surface of the bottom refractory lining, in contact with the metal being produced, is formed by a concave surface having a generally spherical shape and at all points a slope directed towards the tap hole, said tap hole being eccentric with respect to the center of said bottom surface.

De préférence, le revêtement réfractaire de fond est constitué d'au moins un assemblage d'éléments indépendants séparés par des joints, lesdits éléments indépendants obtenus par moulage étant réalisés et disposés de manière à créer un effet de voûte lorsque la poche est renversée.Preferably, the bottom refractory lining consists of at least one assembly of independent elements separated by seals, said independent elements obtained by molding being produced and arranged so as to create an arch effect when the pocket is overturned.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, le revêtement réfractaire de fond est constitué d'au moins une couche de sécurité et d'au moins une couche d'usure, la couche de sécurité étant constituée par un assemblage d'éléments indépendants. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • - les éléments indépendants de fond de poche comportent des faces latérales munies d'au moins une gorge s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la surface du fond de poche,
  • - les éléments indépendants de fond de poche sont scellés avec un béton à variation permanente de dimension positive rémanente,
  • - l'ensemble des éléments indépendants de fond de poche forment une mosaïque dont les joints sont les uns concentriques au trou de coulée et les autres rayonnants par rapport audit trou, les joints rayonnants étant décalés d'un joint concentrique à un autre.
  • - la couche de sécurité est entourée d'une ceinture annulaire susceptible de constituer une surface de démarrage du maçonnage du revêtement réfractaire de la paroi de l'enveloppe métallique,
  • - la ceinture annulaire de section sensiblement quadrilatère comporte au moins un épaulement extérieur définissant au moins une surface d'appui hélicoïdale, la largeur de ladite surface d'appui correspondant à l'épaisseur d'au moins une couche de revêtement réfractaire de paroi.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the bottom refractory lining consists of at least one safety layer and at least one wear layer, the safety layer being constituted by an assembly of independent elements . According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the independent pocket bottom elements comprise lateral faces provided with at least one groove extending substantially parallel to the surface of the pocket bottom,
  • - the independent elements of the bottom of the pocket are sealed with a permanently variable concrete of positive residual dimension,
  • - All of the independent pocket bottom elements form a mosaic, the joints of which are concentric with the taphole and the others radiating with respect to said hole, the radiating joints being offset from one concentric joint to another.
  • the safety layer is surrounded by an annular belt capable of constituting a starting surface for the masonry of the refractory lining of the wall of the metal envelope,
  • - The annular belt of substantially quadrilateral section has at least one outer shoulder defining at least one helical bearing surface, the width of said bearing surface corresponding to the thickness of at least one layer of refractory wall covering.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de réalisation d'un revêtement réfractaire de fond dans lequel:

  • - on fabrique un moule formé par un fond convexe de préférence sensiblement sphérique, portant des parois verticales constituant des compartiments correspondant à la géométrie des éléments du revêtement réfractaire de fond, lesdites parois ayant une section semblable à celle des joints,
  • - on coule dans chaque compartiment ainsi formé un béton réfractaire choisi,
  • - et on démoule après la prise du béton en référençant chacun desdits éléments du revêtement réfractaire de fond.
The subject of the invention is also a method for producing a bottom refractory lining in which:
  • a mold is produced, formed by a convex bottom, preferably substantially spherical, carrying vertical walls constituting compartments corresponding to the geometry of the elements of the bottom refractory lining, said walls having a section similar to that of the joints,
  • - a selected refractory concrete is poured into each compartment thus formed,
  • - And we unmold after setting the concrete by referencing each of said elements of the refractory lining.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés.

  • - la Fig. 1 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une poche pour l'élaboration de métal selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 2 est une vue partelle en coupe d'un second mode de réalisation d'une poche selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 3 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'une poche selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 4 est une vue de dessus d'un ensemble formé par une rampe annulaire de démarrage de maçonnage des briques de paroi et par un revêtement de fond de poche selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe d'un moule dans lequel sont coulés les éléments indépendants de la mosaïque formant un revêtement réfractaire de fond de poche selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows, given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • - Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of a first embodiment of a pocket for producing metal according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of a pocket according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of a third embodiment of a pocket according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 4 is a top view of an assembly formed by an annular ramp for starting the masonry of the wall bricks and by a pocket bottom coating according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a mold in which are poured the independent elements of the mosaic forming a refractory lining of the pocket bottom according to the invention.

Sur la Fig. 1 on a représenté la partie inférieure d'une poche pour l'élaboration de métal, par exemple d'acier, comprenant une enveloppe 1 métallique, par exemple cylindrique, munie sur sa paroi interne 2 d'un revêtement réfractaire de paroi 3 et d'un revêtement réfractaire de fond 4 muni d'un trou de coulée 5.In Fig. 1 shows the lower part of a pocket for the production of metal, for example steel, comprising a metal casing 1, for example cylindrical, provided on its internal wall 2 with a refractory lining of wall 3 and d '' a refractory bottom coating 4 provided with a tap hole 5.

Le revêtement réfractaire de fond 4 est composé d'une couche réfractaire dont la surface 6 en contact avec le métal à élaborer est une surface concave présentant en tout point une pente dirigée vers le trou de coulée 5.The bottom refractory lining 4 is composed of a refractory layer whose surface 6 in contact with the metal to be produced is a concave surface having at all points a slope directed towards the taphole 5.

La forme concave 6 du revêtement réfractaire de fond 4 crée un effet de voûte lorsque la poche est renversée et de ce fait l'effet de voûte empêche le décollement dudit revêtement réfractaire de fond 4.The concave shape 6 of the bottom refractory lining 4 creates a vault effect when the pocket is overturned and therefore the vault effect prevents the separation of said bottom refractory lining 4.

Selon un second mode de réalisation représenté à la Fig. 2, le revêtement réfractaire de fond 4 est constitué d'un assemblage de plusieurs éléments indépendants 4a séparés par des joints 7 en béton réfractaire.According to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the bottom refractory lining 4 consists of an assembly of several independent elements 4a separated by joints 7 of refractory concrete.

Les éléments indépendants 4a constituant le revêtement réfractaire de fond 4 sont réalisés, par exemple par moulage, et ont chacun une forme spécifique pour le réajustement les uns par rapport aux autres dans le fond de l'enveloppe métallique 1 de la poche. Leur disposition et leur forme sont déterminées de manière à obtenir un effet de voûte lorsque la poche est renversée.The independent elements 4a constituting the bottom refractory lining 4 are produced, for example by molding, and each have a specific shape for readjustment with respect to each other in the bottom of the metal envelope 1 of the pocket. Their arrangement and shape are determined so as to obtain a vault effect when the pocket is overturned.

Les joints 7 sont de préférence placés, d'une part, concentriquement au trou de coulée 5 et, d'autre part, rayonnant par rapport à ce même trou de coulée, lesdits joints rayonnants étant de plus décalés d'un joint concentrique à l'autre. Les faces latérales des éléments indépendants 4a sont munies de gorges 8 formant sur les joints 7, des saillies qui bloquent le glissement desdits éléments 4a les uns par rapport aux autres.The seals 7 are preferably placed, on the one hand, concentrically with the taphole 5 and, on the other hand, radiating with respect to this same taphole, said radiating seals being further offset from a seal concentric with the 'other. The lateral faces of the independent elements 4a are provided with grooves 8 forming on the seals 7, projections which block the sliding of said elements 4a relative to each other.

Les gorges 8 s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement à la surface du fond de poche.The grooves 8 extend substantially parallel to the surface of the pocket bottom.

Les éléments indépendants sont jointoyés avec un béton réfractaire à variation permanente de dimension positive rémanente, les autres propriétés physiques du béton de scellement sont voisines de celles du matériau réfractaire utilisé pour la réalisation des éléments indépendants 4a.The independent elements are grouted with a refractory concrete with permanent variation of positive residual dimension, the other physical properties of the sealing concrete are close to those of the refractory material used for the production of the independent elements 4a.

Le béton de scellement qui forme les joints 7 est disposé de façon à équilibrer ou compenser des déformations de dilatation dûes à la géométrie de l'ensemble des éléments indépendants 4a.The sealing concrete which forms the joints 7 is arranged so as to balance or compensate for expansion deformations due to the geometry of the set of independent elements 4a.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation représenté à la Fig. 3, le revêtement réfractaire de paroi comporte au moins une couche de sécurité 10 et au moins une couche d'usure 11, et le revêtement réfractaire de fond comporte au moins une couche de sécurité 12 et au moins une couche d'usure 13.According to a third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the refractory wall lining comprises at least one safety layer 10 and at least one wear layer 11, and the bottom refractory lining comprises at least one safety layer 12 and at least one wear layer 13.

Les couches d'usure (11, 13) sont en briques réfractaires dont la qualité est déterminée par les conditions d'utilisation et les sollicitations subies dans les différentes parties du revêtement réfractaire de poche. Ces briques peuvent être fabriquées à partir d'agrégats notamment alumineux, de dolomie, de magnésie.The wear layers (11, 13) are made of refractory bricks, the quality of which is determined by the conditions of use and the stresses undergone in the various parts of the pocket refractory lining. These bricks can be made from aggregates, in particular aluminous, dolomite and magnesia.

Les briques constituant la couche de sécurité 10 et la couche d'usure 11, par exemple de format semi universel, sont en appui sur un épaulement extérieur 14 d'une rampe annulaire 15 de démarrage de maçonnage des briques du revêtement réfractaire de paroi. L'épaulement extérieur 14 définit deux surfaces d'appui hélicoïdales respectivement 16 et 17.The bricks constituting the safety layer 10 and the wear layer 11, for example of semi-universal format, are supported on an external shoulder 14 of an annular ramp 15 for starting to build the bricks of the refractory wall covering. The outer shoulder 14 defines two helical bearing surfaces 16 and 17 respectively.

La surface d'appui 16 a la largeur de la couche de sécurité 10 de paroi et la surface d'appui 17 a la largeur de la couche d'usure 11 de paroi.The support surface 16 has the width of the wall security layer 10 and the support surface 17 has the width of the wall wear layer 11.

Par ailleurs, l'épaulement extérieur 14 est un moyen de blocage périphérique de la couche de sécurité 12 de fond de poche.Furthermore, the outer shoulder 14 is a means of peripheral locking of the security layer 12 of the pocket bottom.

A cet effet, sur le fond de la poche est déposé, dans l'espace délimité par la rampe annulaire 15, la couche de sécurité 12 de fond de poche, de forme lenticulaire et possédant une face plane 12a scellée sur la face interne du fond de l'enveloppe métallique 1 et une face 12b présentant une surface concave suffisamment sphérique possédant en tout point une pente dirigée vers le trou de coulée 5.For this purpose, on the bottom of the pocket is deposited, in the space delimited by the annular ramp 15, the safety layer 12 of the pocket bottom, of lenticular shape and having a flat face 12a sealed on the internal face of the bottom of the metal casing 1 and a face 12b having a sufficiently spherical concave surface having at all points a slope directed towards the taphole 5.

Sur la face concave 12b est maçonnée la couche d'usure de fond 13 en briques réfractaires qui épouse la forme de la concavité.On the concave face 12b is built the bottom wear layer 13 of refractory bricks which matches the shape of the concavity.

La surface 13b de la couche d'usure de fond 13, en contact avec le métal en élaboration, définie une sphère dont le centre est situé sur l'axe longitudinal du trou de coulée 5.The surface 13b of the bottom wear layer 13, in contact with the metal in production, defines a sphere whose center is located on the longitudinal axis of the tap hole 5.

La couche d'usure de fond 13, en appui sur la surface concave 12b sensiblement sphérique de la couche de sécurité 12 de fond, a, par un effet de voûte, tendance à se plaquer contre ladite couche de sécurité 12 lors de dilatation thermique, ce qui assure sa tenue mécanique lorsque la poche est renversée.The bottom wear layer 13, bearing on the concave surface 12b substantially spherical of the bottom safety layer 12, has, by a vault effect, a tendency to press against said safety layer 12 during thermal expansion, which ensures its mechanical strength when the pocket is overturned.

La rampe annulaire 15 et la couche de sécurité 12 de fond sont constituées toutes deux d'un même matériau qui est en général un béton alumineux à base d'andalousite. Ce béton réfractaire doit avoir une bonne résistance mécanique à froid et une résistance py- roscopique acceptable.The annular ramp 15 and the bottom safety layer 12 are both made of the same material which is generally an aluminous concrete based on andalusite. This refractory concrete must have good mechanical strength when cold and acceptable pyroscopic resistance.

La Fig.4 est une vue de dessus de l'ensemble formé de la rampe annulaire 15 et la couche de sécurité 12 de fond.Fig.4 is a top view of the assembly formed of the annular ramp 15 and the bottom security layer 12.

La rampe annulaire 15, sur laquelle est moulée l'épaulement extérieur 14 formant les deux rampes hélicoïdales respectivement 16 et 17 de démarrage du maçonnage des briques du revêtement réfractaire de paroi est coulée sur place. La couche de sécurité 12 de fond est constituée d'un ensemble d'éléments 20 formant une mosaïque et jointoyés avec un béton de coefficient de dilatation thermique légèrement plus élevé que le coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau réfractaire constituant lesdits éléments indépendants 20. Les autres propriétés physiques du béton de scellement constituant les joints 21 entre les éléments indépendants 20 sont voisines de celles du matériau réfractaire utilisé pour la réalisation desdits éléments indépendants 20.The annular ramp 15, on which is molded the outer shoulder 14 forming the two helical ramps respectively 16 and 17 for starting the masonry of the bricks of the refractory wall covering is cast on site. The bottom security layer 12 consists of a set of elements 20 forming a mosaic and jointed with a concrete of coefficient of thermal expansion slightly higher than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the refractory material constituting said independent elements 20. The other physical properties of the sealing concrete constituting the joints 21 between the independent elements 20 are close to those of the refractory material used for the production of said independent elements 20.

Les joints 21 sont disposés de façon à équilibrer ou à compenser les déformations de dilatation dues à la géométrie de l'ensemble des éléments indépendants 20. Les joints 21 sont de préférence placés, d'une part concentriquement au trou de coulée 5 et d'autre part rayonnant par rapport à ce même trou de coulée 5, les joints rayonnants étant de plus placés en quinconce les uns par rapport aux autres.The seals 21 are arranged so as to balance or compensate for the expansion deformations due to the geometry of all the independent elements 20. The seals 21 are preferably placed, on the one hand concentrically with the tap hole 5 and on the other hand radiating with respect to this same tap hole 5, the radiating joints being moreover staggered with respect to each other.

Les faces latérales des éléments indépendants 20 sont également munis d'une gorge 22 qui forme, sur les joints 21 coulés, des saillies qui bloquent le glissement des éléments indépendants 20 de la couche de sécurité 12 les uns par rapport aux autres.The lateral faces of the independent elements 20 are also provided with a groove 22 which forms, on the cast seals 21, protrusions which block the sliding of the independent elements 20 of the security layer 12 relative to each other.

En se reportant maintanant à la Fig. 5 on va décrire le procédé de réalisation, en préfabriqué, des éléments indépendants (4a, 20) de la mosaïque du revêtement de fond 4 ou de la couche de sécurité 12 de fond.Referring now to FIG. 5 we will describe the method of making, in prefabricated, independent elements (4a, 20) of the mosaic of the bottom coating 4 or the bottom security layer 12.

A cet effet, on utilise un moule 30 formé en gabarit du revêtement réfractaire 4 de fond ou de la couche de sécurité 12 de fond. Le moule 30 est constitué d'un cylindre 31 posé sur une surface convexe 32 produisant le galbe de la surface du révêtement réfractaire 4 de fond ou de la couche de sécurité 12 de fond de poche. Le moule 30 est cloisonné avec des parois verticales 33 dont la section correspond à la forme des joints (7, 21), lesdites parois verticales 33 étant placées de façon à déterminer des compartiments formant des moules pour les éléments (4a, 20) respectivement du revêtement réfractaire (4) de fond ou de la couche de sécurité 12.For this purpose, use is made of a mold 30 formed as a template for the refractory lining 4 at the bottom or the security layer 12 at the bottom. The mold 30 consists of a cylinder 31 placed on a convex surface 32 producing the curve of the surface of the refractory lining 4 at the bottom or the safety layer 12 at the bottom of the pocket. The mold 30 is partitioned with vertical walls 33 whose section corresponds to the shape of the seals (7, 21), said vertical walls 33 being placed so as to determine compartments forming molds for the elements (4a, 20) respectively of the refractory lining (4) for the bottom or the security layer 12.

Après coulage du matériau réfractaire 34 dans les différents moules constituant la mosaïque, puis démoulage, les éléments (4a, 20) de forme spécifique sont référencés. Ils constituent ensemble soit un revêtement réfractaire 4 de fond, soit une couche de sécurité 12 de fond de caractéristique physique homogène.After casting the refractory material 34 in the different molds constituting the mosaic, then demolding, the elements (4a, 20) of specific shape are referenced. They together constitute either a refractory lining 4 at the bottom, or a security layer 12 at the bottom with a homogeneous physical characteristic.

Bien que dans les exemples décrits la forme concave de la surface en contact avec le métal à élaborer soit de forme sensiblement sphérique, d'autres formes conviendraient comme par exemple une forme cylindrique ou ogivale, ces formes permettant un arcboutement du revêtement réfractaire de fond et sa tenue mécanique.Although in the examples described the concave shape of the surface in contact with the metal to be produced is of substantially spherical shape, other shapes would be suitable such as for example a cylindrical or ogival shape, these shapes allowing an arching of the bottom refractory lining and its mechanical strength.

De plus, une telle configuration assure un bon écoulement de l'acier vers le trou de coulée, le point bas de la surface du revêtement réfrataire de fond de la poche étant formé par ledit trou de coulée.In addition, such a configuration ensures good flow of the steel towards the taphole, the low point of the surface of the refractory lining of the bottom of the ladle being formed by said taphole.

Claims (11)

1. Ladle for the preparation of metal, comprising a metal case (1) provided on its inner surface with a refractory wall lining (3, 10, 11) and a refractory bottom lining (4, 12, 13) having a taphole (5), characterized in that the surface of the refractory bottom lining (4,12,13) in contact with the metal in preparation is formed by a concave surface having a general spherical shape and at all points a slope in a direction toward the taphole (5), which is offcentred with respect to the centre of said bottom surface (4, 12, 13).
2. Ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory ladle bottom lining is formed by at least an assembly of independent elements (4a) separated by joints (7).
3. Ladle according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory bottom lining comprises at least one safety layer (12) and at least one wear layer (13), said safety layer (12) being formed by an assembly of independent elements (20) separated by joints (21).
4. Ladle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the assembly of independent elements (4a, 20) constituting the refractory bottom lining (4, 12), said independent elements (4a, 20) are constructed and disposed in such manner as to produce a vault effect when the ladle is turned over.
5. Ladle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the independentele- ments (4a, 20) are obtained by moulding.
6. Ladle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the independentele- ments (4a, 20) comprise lateral surfaces provided with at least one groove (8, 22) extending in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the ladle bottom.
7. Ladle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the independentele- ments (4a, 20) are sealed with concrete having a permanent positive remanent dimension variation.
8. Ladle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly of the independent elements (4a, 20) constitutes a mosaic sane of whose joints (7, 21) are concentric with the taphole (5) whereas the other joints radiate relative to the taphole (5), the radiating joints being offset from one concentric joint to the other.
9. Ladle according to claim 3, characterized in that the safety layer (12) is surrounded by an annular girdle (15) capable of forming a surface (16, 17) for commencing the masonry of the refractory lining (10, 11) of the wall of the metal case (1).
10. Ladle according to claim 9, characterized in that the annular girdle (15) having a substantially quadrilateral section includes at least one outer shoulder(14) defining at least one helical support surface (16, 17), said support surface (16, 17) having a width corresponding to the thickness of at least one layer of refractory wall lining (10,11).
11. Method for producing a refractory ladle bottom lining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises: producing a mould (30) constituted by a convex preferably substantially spherical bottom (32), and including vertical walls (33) constituting compartments corresponding to the geometry of the elements of the refractory bottom lining (4, 12), said walls (33) having a section corresponding to the section of the joints (7, 20); pouring into each compartment thus formed a selected refractory concrete (34), and stripping the elements (4a, 20) after the setting of the concrete and providing each of said elements of the refractory bottom lining with a reference.
EP90403059A 1989-11-17 1990-10-29 Metal treatment ladle with a refractory base coating and process for making such refractory base coating Expired - Lifetime EP0429323B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90403059T ATE99580T1 (en) 1989-11-17 1990-10-29 CASTING LADLE WITH REFRACTORY BOTTOM COATING FOR METAL TREATMENT AND METHOD OF MAKING SUCH REFRACTORY COATING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR898915128A FR2654661B1 (en) 1989-11-17 1989-11-17 POCKET FOR THE PREPARATION OF A METAL PROVIDED WITH A BOTTOM REFRACTORY COATING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A BOTTOM REFRACTORY COATING.
FR8915128 1989-11-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0429323A1 EP0429323A1 (en) 1991-05-29
EP0429323B1 true EP0429323B1 (en) 1994-01-05
EP0429323B2 EP0429323B2 (en) 1999-07-14

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EP90403059A Expired - Lifetime EP0429323B2 (en) 1989-11-17 1990-10-29 Metal treatment ladle with a refractory base coating and process for making such refractory base coating

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US (1) US5948349A (en)
EP (1) EP0429323B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH0747204B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE99580T1 (en)
AU (1) AU624276B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2030128C (en)
DE (1) DE69005798T3 (en)
DK (1) DK0429323T4 (en)
FI (1) FI92982C (en)
FR (1) FR2654661B1 (en)
TR (1) TR27294A (en)
ZA (1) ZA909214B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69005798D1 (en) 1994-02-17
US5948349A (en) 1999-09-07
JPH03169473A (en) 1991-07-23
FI905658L (en) 1991-05-18
FI92982C (en) 1995-02-10
DE69005798T3 (en) 2000-01-13
FR2654661A1 (en) 1991-05-24
ATE99580T1 (en) 1994-01-15
CA2030128A1 (en) 1991-05-18
TR27294A (en) 1994-12-28
DK0429323T3 (en) 1994-05-16
FR2654661B1 (en) 1994-06-10
EP0429323B2 (en) 1999-07-14
EP0429323A1 (en) 1991-05-29
AU624276B2 (en) 1992-06-04
DE69005798T2 (en) 1994-04-28
AU6588490A (en) 1991-05-30
DK0429323T4 (en) 1999-11-29
ZA909214B (en) 1992-06-24
FI92982B (en) 1994-10-31
FI905658A0 (en) 1990-11-15
CA2030128C (en) 1996-10-29
JPH0747204B2 (en) 1995-05-24

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