Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/125—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor characterised by the lining of the shaft
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/121—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor characterised by the connection between shaft elements, e.g. of rings forming said shaft

Definitions

• Forms for poured concrete manholes typically include steel shell outer forms and steel shell inner forms, both of which are designed to be disassembled and reused.
• Inner forms originally designed for new poured concrete manholes have also been used by themselves to cast concrete liners for the renewal of old, existing manholes, but the forms and methods used for producing new cast-in-place manholes in many instances are not adaptable for casting liners in existing, deteriorating manholes.
• the method and apparatus according to the present invention includes features for dealing with the problem of lining manholes of unusual configura ⁇ tion including wedge sections for dealing with slanted manhole portions, eccentric or skewed reducers for manhole offsets, methods and apparatus for bottom configurations without conventional benches for supporting the form structure and combinations of such problems.
• the apparatus according to the invention includes improved key- panel construction which is generally included in each filler belt or reducer greatly facilitating rapid removal of the forms either from the top down or the bottom up.
• a very important feature is that the lining process can be carried out completely without interfering with normal flow through the manhole. Normal flow is ensured in part by provision of inserts or other forms for producing an opening in the manhole liner communicating with the inlet or outlet openings in the manhole.
• FIGURE 1 is a perspective view (partially broken away) showing a form configuration according to the invention for casting a poured concrete liner in a non-standard manhole with non-vertical portions;
• FIGURE 2 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view showing an insert for forming an outlet hole in the bottom of a manhole liner
• FIGURE 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 2;
• FIGURE 4 is a top plan view of a group of filler panels including a key-panel to facilitate disassembly thereof;
• FIGURE 5 is a vertical sectional view of a reducer form including a key-panel and other panels;
• FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the apparatus of FIGURE 5;
• FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view showing the relation of a form as in FIGURE 1 to an existing manhole cover;
• FIGURE 11 is a side elevational view of the apparatus of FIGURE 10;
• FIGURE 12 is a sectional view of an alternative form of key-panel comparable to that shown in FIGURES 4, 5, or 6;
• FIGURE 14 is a perspective view (partially broken away) illustrating a method and apparatus for raising filler forms after part of the concrete liner has been poured;
• FIGURE 16 is a side elevational view illustrating the apparatus and process for lining a non-tapered manhole configuration
• FIGURE 17 is a side elevational view of a form structure for an all-tapered manhole configuration
• FIGURE 18 is a side elevational view of a form structure for a partially tapered manhole configuration.
• FIGURES 1, 2, and 3 a form structure 11 is shown assembled in a manhole in a manner to conform to the configuration of the walls 9 of the manhole.
• the floor 7 of the manhole is typically provided with a trough 8 to channel the sewage from one or more inlet pipes to an outlet pipe. Frequently a manhole will be situated under pavement 5 of a parking lot, road, or the like as shown in FIGURE 1.
• a cover ring 3 is secured at the top of the manhole substantially flush with the pavement 5 and adapted to receive a manhole cover (not shown) .
• the form structure 11 is built up of various forms of arcuate sheet metal panels such as panel 13 in the form of a sector of a cylinder. Panels 13 are provided with peripheral flanges which serve to strengthen the panel and also as convenient means for fastening through-holes therein with bolts so that the panels may be connected to horizontally adjacent and vertically adjacent panels of similar or dissimilar form. Although panels such as 13 could be formed of rigid plastic or other material, sheet metal joined by welding is preferred.
• a contractor or other entity involved in renewing manholes with poured concrete liners according to the present invention will be provided with a rather extensive set of panels for assembling a nearly unlimited variety of form configurations.
• the nature of the forms provided can best be under ⁇ stood by reference to the following TABLE 1 which identifies the basic types of panels.
• each belt will be made up of four or six panels of the same height and subtending substantially equal angles. These panels are not identical, however, and, in particular, one such panel is divided into two parts and is referred to as the key-panel.
• One of the two parts of the key-panel has side flanges which are arranged at a small angle with respect to one another, such angle diverging toward the center of the form structure.
• the key-panel 15 of the bottom-most belt is formed of two portions 16 and 17.
• Panel portion 16 has inwardly diverging side flanges.
• This bottom-most belt has three other panels, one panel 13 being shown, and another panel (like panel 13) not shown, plus a fourth panel opposite key-panel 15 (not shown) .
• key-panel 15 has side flanges at its edges which are parallel to one another and the side flange of panel 13 which is adjacent to key-panel 15 is configured to fit key- panel 15. The same is true of the other panel which is adjacent to key-panel 15 on the other side.
• All the other belts of panels in FIGURE 1 are shown with a different rotation and the key-panel which is present in these belts is not shown.
• the belt third from the bottom shows a panel 19 and a panel 13, panel 19 being the panel opposite the key-panel for that belt.
• key-panel 19 has flanges which are radial or at right angles to the cylindrical surface and the flange at the adjoining edge of panel 13 is also radial.
• the panels of a four panel belt could be identified with key-panel as No. 1 and adjacent panels in a clockwise direction as No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4.
• the key-panel portions could be identified as 1-A and 1-B if desired.
• the requirement for proper placement of different types of panels in a belt requires some care, it has the advantage that it is hard to mistakenly assemble a belt of panels without a key- panel.
• omission of a key-panel in a belt would make the panels impossible to remove without destroying them once the concrete had been poured and set.
• FIGURES 2 and 3 trough 8 divides the floor 7 of the manhole into two parts (sometimes referred to as benches) and in many cases the form structure 11 may be set directly on the floor 7 of the manhole without impeding the flow through trough 8 and thus leaving the manhole and sewers operable during the lining process.
• a cylindrical insert formed of sections 83, 85, 83 and 89 is placed inside pipe 6 and abutting panel 13.
• the sections 83, 85 and 89 are curved on one end to fit or substantially fit the arcuate surface of panel 13 which, in the case of FIGURE 1, has a diameter of 42 inches.
• the sections 83, 85 and 89 could be curved on the other end to fit a cylinder with the same or a different diameter.
• the sections 83, 85 and 89 are configured in a manner similar to the previously described belt of panels 13, 15 and 19 at the bottom of the form structure 11 in FIGURE 1.
• At least one section 85 of the insert has two parts 86 and 87, the latter with inwardly converging flanges so that it can be readily taken out after the insert is used as a core in the poured concrete. This releases the other sections to be removed as well.
• a permanent insert could be used as a core consisting of a single unitary cylinder which would not be removed.
• one of the sections 83 has a bracket 82 secured thereto so that it and the other sections can be secured against panel 13 by a bolt 84 or other fastener.
• Bracket 82 may be provided with a slot rather than a circular hole to allow up and down adjustment of section 83 relative to panel 13.
• panel 13 may have more than one hole to accommodate a bolt 84 for further adjustability in positioning of section 83 and the other sections of the insert. It may be noted that small holes or apertures in the panels or between the panels a quarter of an inch or less do not permit passage of the concrete mixture and an assembled form structure need not be water tight.
• the bolt or other fastener for 84 will be loosened to release panel 13 form the insert and after panel 13 has been removed, the sections 83, 86 and 89 of the insert will be disassembled to the extent necessary to remove them from the pipe 6 and from the concrete liner which has been poured around them.
• a gate panel 20 having a gate 23 with an opening and a removable circular coverplate conforming to the outside diameter of a six or -eight inch sewer pipe; the end of the sewer pipe extends through the opening of gate 23 in the panel 20 and the sewer pipe thus remains in service while the liner is being poured and, of course, afterward.
• Other sizes of gate openings may be provided as needed. If necessary, space between the outside of the sewer pipe and the edge of the gate opening may be caulked or grouted to prevent flow of concrete mix to the interior of the form structure 11.
• the position of gate 23 may be conformed vertically to the position of the sewer by jacking the form structure 11 as will later be explained in detail.
• the belt of panels including panel 20 may be rotated to properly position gate 23 with respect to the sewer pipe and, if the desired position does not cause bolt holes to match up in the horizontal flanges, the flanges may be secured together by clamps rather than the usual bolts 10.
• the horizontal flanges may have bolt holes placed up to about 45° apart giving two bolt holes in each horizontal flange of panel 13. Obviously a greater number of bolts may be provided as shown or a variety of other bolt hole configurations could be adopted if desired.
• a number of belts formed of panels 13 and 19 (and also key-panels 15 not shown) provide groups of filler panels of 42 inch diameter extending upwardly in the manhole. Also shown are wedge panels 31 and 33 which serve to provide a tilt in the form structure 11 to conform to the configuration of the manhole walls 9.
• FIGURE 7 A detail of wedge panels 31 and 33 is best shown in FIGURE 7 where it will be seen that two each of panels 31 and 33 are connected together to form a generally wedge-shaped belt.
• panels 33 are shaped to serve as right side or left side panels by inverting them, and the same is true of panels 31.
• Panels 33 are preferably somewhat less than 90 in angular measure leaving about two to four inches gap in the circumference of the belt. This portion of the panels would be very thin and is not necessary to provide an adequately tight structure to hold the concrete mix. Due to the gap in the circumference of the wedge-shaped belt formed by panels 31 and 33 there is no need for a key-panel since either of the panels 33 can be removed to release panels 31. Wedge panels of two inch height may be only three in number with a gap of about 90°.
• reducer panels 41, 43, 45 and 47 form a reducer belt to reduce the form structure diameter from 42 inches to 36 inches.
• a further belt formed of panels 51, 53, 55 and 57 and two other panels reduces the diameter of the form structure from 36 inches to 30 inches.
• the next belt is a filler belt of 30 inch diameter but only eight inches high and is formed of panels 79 and 73 and two other panels.
• At the top of the form structure is a group of panels 61, 63, 65 and 67 and two other panels not shown reducing the diameter of the form structure from 30 inches to 26 inches.
• FIGURE 13 illustrates accessory apparatus useful in pouring the concrete to form the liner with the method of the present invention including a funnel 131 to be attached to the end of a concrete mix delivery vehicle chute.
• Funnel 131 feeds into a tube 133 of sheet metal or the like which in turn feeds a flexible fabric hose 135 serving to deliver the flow of concrete mix to the space between form structure 11 and the manhole walls.
• a sheet metal shield 137 helps to keep concrete mix from spilling inside the form structure 11.
• a belt of panels is assembled on the floor of the manhole which will allow a minimum three inch I S clearance between the liner form and the old manhole wall.
• a grout consisting of a mortar or concrete mix or other suitable mixture.
• the inserts which will create the channels in the liner for inlet and outlet sewer pipes. Openings around the inserts will also be filled with grout so that the space between the bottom belt of panels and the old manhole wall is substantially closed at the bottom.
• Additional belts of panels are assembled on top of the bottom belt with reducers or filler panels arranged to maintain about a minimum three inch clearance between the liner form and the old manhole wall. Thicknesses of the liner greater than three inches are not detrimental but they increase the amount of concrete required without any compensating advantage.
• the top panel belt is centered with blocks as illustrated in FIGURE 8 and the concrete mix may be poured from the delivery truck which is previously arranged for.
• the concrete mix is three-quarter rock and is a conventional wall and foundation concrete mix except that it has greater amount of water to provide a wet mix that is easy to vibrate.
• Removal of the panels can proceed from the top or the bottom with successive belts of panels being dismantled by removing first the removable portion of the key-panel. Thereafter the other portion of the key-panel and the other panels are removed for that belt. The same procedure is used with successive belts until the form structure is entirely removed. It is necessary to disconnect those panels secured to inserts at the bottom of the manhole before removing them, and it is then necessary to break down the sections of the insert in a similar manner to remove them from the inside of the sewer pipes.
• FIGURE 14 illustrates the method of adjusting the height of the form structure 11 for the purpose of aligning key-panels 20 with drop pipe inlets in the manhole, for adjusting the top of the form structure 11 to be flush with a wide manhole ceiling (as will be described with reference to FIGURE 16) , or for some other purpos .
• the liner installation process begins as described above, except that only the lower one or two belts of panels are assembled in the beginning and only a small quantity of concrete mix is used to form the bottom of the liner. Inserts are set and grout is used to fill gaps all as described above.
• the bottom panels such as 13, 15, 19 and other panels not shown, are 1 ⁇
• Blocks 128 are put in place to stabilize the form structure as required.
• FIGURE 15 shows a form structure 415 for creating a liner in a manhole with walls 109 which are offset sot hat the top of the manhole is eccentric with respect to the bottom of the manhole, after pouring a liner base of concrete 127, form structure 415 has been raised by a jack 125 and blocked with blocks 128 as previously described with reference to FIGURE 14.
• At least one opening 201 is cut in the top 505 of the manhole to permit concrete mix to be poured between the form structure 416 and the walls 109 filling the cavity therebetween completely to the top leaving no gap between the top of the liner and the top 505 of the manhole. This is possible because the form structure 416 has been jacked up to be flush with the top 505 of the manhole. Any gaps which are large enough to be a problem may be caulked to adequately seal this junction.
• Pipe inserts 516 similar to the type previously illustrated or in other forms are used to produce an opening through the liner from sewer pipe 6 to the interior of the manhole. Except for creating the opening 201 in the top 505 of the manhole and filling it on completion of the liner, the method of operation for FIGURE 16 is essentially as previously described.
• the top portion of the form structure 419 is formed of 30 inch diameter cylindrical panels 413, 419 and others not shown which are selected to be of appropriate size to be covered by the manhole cover ring 3 so that the cover ring 3 will be embedded in the concrete at the top of the liner which is finished off flush with the pavement 5. Except for this last step of embedding the cover ring 3 in the concrete at the top of the liner, the process for forming the liner in the situation illustrated in FIGURE 19 will be as previously described.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Sewage (AREA)
• Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=22905009

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (10)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 1989
  • 1989-08-25 FI FI902162A patent/FI902162A7/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-08-25 WO PCT/US1989/003720 patent/WO1990002847A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1989-08-25 EP EP19890910529 patent/EP0419580A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-25 AU AU43093/89A patent/AU622718B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-08-25 JP JP1509833A patent/JPH03501041A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-08-30 CA CA000609931A patent/CA1328731C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1990
  • 1990-04-18 DK DK096490A patent/DK96490A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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