EP0499911B1 - Clamping device and method for combustion grates - Google Patents
Clamping device and method for combustion grates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0499911B1 EP0499911B1 EP92102122A EP92102122A EP0499911B1 EP 0499911 B1 EP0499911 B1 EP 0499911B1 EP 92102122 A EP92102122 A EP 92102122A EP 92102122 A EP92102122 A EP 92102122A EP 0499911 B1 EP0499911 B1 EP 0499911B1
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- Prior art keywords
- grating
- grate
- bars
- row
- rows
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grate for incinerators of waste incineration plants.
- a particular problem is formed by the low-temperature non-ferrous metal waste flowing through such gaps between the grate bars or e.g. B. also steel scrap, which clamps between the grate bars and thus limits the mobility of the grate bars.
- each block transverse row has been provided with a tensioning device which engages one of the two outermost grate bars of this transverse row and whose grate bars are resiliently pressed against one another. Because of the large number of parts to be moved during rough operation of the furnace at high temperatures, this spring construction is prone to failure, complex and uncontrollable.
- BE-A-371 535 describes a grate for incinerators with arranged rows of laterally tensioned grate bars, in which hydraulic clamping devices for the grate bars are arranged on the side of the incinerator outside of a combustion chamber.
- these grate bars are not arranged like roof tiles and are not guided in rows by a grate bar support.
- Such a grate is described in EP-A-0 165 432, disc springs are arranged and a tie rod is provided for each grate bar row, which connects all grate bars together in a resilient manner.
- the disc springs, on which very high compressive forces act, are a problem.
- the disc springs must also pass through a large temperature range Apply the same spring forces to the thermal expansion of the grate bars and the tie rod in a variable pressure range. This is not guaranteed.
- the springs and movable rod parts are exposed to the high combustion chamber temperatures and the inevitable incineration of combustion material. The voltage can only be changed when the grate has cooled; the same applies to their inspection and repair.
- the invention is therefore based on the problem of tensioning the grate bars of each grate bar row in a controlled manner and adapting this tension depending on the furnace operating mode in such a way that no gaps arise between the individual grate bars and no counter-pressure forces are derived into the furnace wall.
- waste incineration plants with rows of laterally braced grate bars arranged in a tile-like manner, which are guided in rows by a grate bar support, in particular alternating movable and fixed grate bar supports arranged one behind the other, hydraulic tensioning devices lying on the side of the incinerator, outside the combustion chamber are arranged for the grate bars and that For two or more consecutive, fixed grate bar supports with connected common counter pressure plates are provided for absorbing the reaction forces, which also absorb the clamping forces acting on the movable grate bar supports. As a result, the reaction forces occurring within the grate system remain bound and do not burden the furnace wall.
- Each hydraulic tensioning device for each grate bar support should be controllable individually or together for several movable or fixed grate bar supports. Furthermore, two adjacent fixed grate bar supports can be acted upon by the hydraulic tensioning device via a connecting pressure plate.
- the pressing forces can be determined by a measuring device, the measuring device indicating the pressing path in the simplest case.
- the clamping devices for pressing the grate bars of each row of grate bars can also be cyclically loaded and relieved again. Fixed rows of grate bars can also be exposed to constant clamping pressure.
- the movable grate bars are preferably pressed against one another during a standstill phase.
- a hydraulic tensioning device With a hydraulic tensioning device, the pressure between the grate bars can be adjusted sensitively, thus avoiding an air slot between the grate bars, both when the grate is cold and when it is warm. The air is then only discharged through the air slots provided in the grate bars.
- a particular advantage is that for everyone Grate bar row, as for each grate bar support, a separate pressing force can be set, which is kept constant by valves and pressure storage devices.
- a hydraulic tensioning device is predestined for the application of high forces. It follows that even very wide furnaces with a large number of grate bars on each row of grate bars can be subjected to higher pressures than would be possible by mechanical means.
- the rust side change possible due to the temperature expansion or other events i. H. the change in the total width of all grate bars arranged on a grate bar support can be observed at any time by, for. B. a displacement measuring device, which is arranged as a measuring pin with a scale on one side of the grate bar support and protrudes through the furnace wall. It can thus be determined whether, contrary to expectations, for example, molten non-ferrous metal or pieces of steel have gotten between the grate bars and this creates air slots, which inevitably leads to a change in the overall width of the grate, which can be read on the measuring pin.
- the possibility according to the invention offers a particular advantage of reducing the pressing force between the movable grate bars during the grate stroke and thus preventing unnecessary wear between sliding pieces on both sides of the furnace.
- this, also cyclically adjustable, variation of the pressing pressure gives the possibility of foreign bodies such as ash or accidentally getting between the grate bars Remove steel pieces from these gaps by alternately pressing and releasing the grate bars. Such a problem can always arise if the grate bar surfaces or parts of the side surfaces are already damaged after a long furnace journey.
- the clamping system can optionally be designed differently using the inventive idea. From each furnace side, for example, a fixed and a movable row of grate bars can be acted upon by a fluid cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder can act on two adjacent rows of grate bars from one oven side with the aid of a linkage leading to the opposite oven side.
- One side of the furnace is designed as a fixed side.
- the middle grate side is designed as a fixed side and the outer grate side as a loose side.
- FIG. 1 shows a furnace 21, in the furnace wall 20 hydraulic cylinders 1, 2 are embedded, which are acted upon by hydraulic controls and hydraulic drives, not shown.
- Movable grate bar rows 7 and fixed grate bar rows 6 lie on each row of grate bar supports 17 (FIG. 2) in the combustion chamber 21.
- the combustion grate is designed as a feed grate, ie with each stroke the movable grate bar row 7, which lies like a roof tile over the fixed grate bar row 6, is pushed over the fixed grate bar row 6.
- the firing material is pushed upwards.
- the hydraulic cylinders 1, 2 act on plungers 3, 4, which are arranged in guide tubes 9.
- Four adjacent guide tubes 9 are supported in a common grate bar support plate 10.
- This shield absorbs the opposing forces of the four cylinders which act on the grate rod rows 6, 7 at the tips of the tappets 3, 4.
- the fixed grate bar rows 6 are acted upon by a common adjustable side plates 5 through the plunger 3 with a variably adjustable pressure. Due to the intermittent arrangement of the grate side plates 5 under each tappet 3 on each fixed grate bar row 6, adjacent grate bar rows 6 can expand relative to one another at the same pressure.
- the plunger 4 of the Hydraulic cylinders 2 pierce the grate side plate 5 and press on the movable grate bar rows 7 via sliders 8.
- the pressure of the cylinders 2 is also variably adjustable. Between the slides 8 and the movable grate bar rows 7 there is pressure-dependent sliding friction with each stroke of the movable grate bar rows 7.
- This system also makes it possible for each of the fixed grate bar rows 6 and each of the movable grate bar rows 7 to expand and contract differently, depending on the temperature, with the pressing pressure remaining the same.
- Figure 2 shows according to section CC in Figure 1, the two outer loose sides of a grate.
- the fixed side, not shown, of each row of grate bars 6, 7 is located in the middle of the furnace.
- the movable row of grate bars 7, here on grate bar supports 17, and the stationary row of grate bars 6 are stretched between the grate bar plates 10, 16 guided by grate bar plates 10, 16.
- the clamping device 2, which acts on the movable grate bar row 7 via the plunger 4 and the slider 8, is fastened in the furnace wall 20 in such a way that the operating side and the hydraulic control and the hydraulic drive sit outside the furnace 21 and the furnace wall 20.
- a measuring pin 18 ends in the slider 8 and extends through both the grate bar support plate 10 and the grate side plate 5 and the furnace wall 20. Each expansion of the movable grate bar row 7 leads to a change in the length of the measuring pin 18, which, on a scale, not shown, outside the Oven atmosphere is readable. In an analogous manner, not shown, 6 measuring pins are also arranged in the movable grate bar rows, but these end there in the grate side plates 5 because the fixed grate bar rows 6 have no sliders 8.
- FIG. 3 shows a firing grate in which each row of grate bars 6, 7 is acted upon on both sides by hydraulic cylinders 1, 2.
- FIG. 4 shows hydraulic cylinders 23 which act in the middle between two rows of grate bars 6, 7 on a transverse linkage 22 connecting these rows.
- FIG. 5 finally shows a firing grate in which a hydraulic cylinder 24 acts on both sides from an oven side on two adjacent movable and stationary grate bar rows 6, 7 by means of pressure beams 25, transverse linkage 26 and longitudinal linkage 27.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rost für Verbrennungsöfen von Müllverbrennungsanlagen.The invention relates to a grate for incinerators of waste incineration plants.
In Müllverbrennungsanlagen werden unterschiedliche Verbrennungsroste eingesetzt. Bei größeren Anlagen werden dabei häufig gespannte oder gepreßte Roste eingesetzt.
Bei nichtgespannten oder nichtgepreßten Rosten werden üblicherweise Roststäbe verwendet, welche seitlich ein Dehnungsspiel haben (DE-A-26 52 475). Dieses Dehnungsspiel ist über die gesamte Rostbreite in der Regel ungleichmäßig verteilt. An den Seiten zu den Feuerraumwänden besteht meist ein weiterer Luftspalt als Dehnungsspiel. Bei diesen bekannten Rosten führt der Luftspalt zwischen den Roststäben zu unkontrollierter Zufuhr von Unterluft zum Verbrennungsgut.
Es ist daher bereits versucht worden, die nebeneinander liegende Roststäbe durch Einzelverbindungen zu einer spaltfreien Verbrennungsrostoberfläche zu koppeln (DE-A-38 13 441). Dies führt jedoch dazu, daß die Roststäbe Spannungen - je nach Brennguttemperatur und Roststabtemperatur - aufnehmen müssen, die größer sind, als die Verbindungselemente aufnehmen können und daher Brüche und Verwerfungen der Roststäbe zwangsläufig auftreten.Different combustion grates are used in waste incineration plants. Tensioned or pressed gratings are often used in larger systems.
In the case of non-tensioned or non-pressed grates, grate bars are usually used which have an expansion play on the side (DE-A-26 52 475). This expansion play is usually distributed unevenly over the entire grate width. There is usually an additional air gap on the sides of the combustion chamber walls as an expansion game. In these known grates, the air gap between the grate bars leads to an uncontrolled supply of sub-air to the combustion material.
It has therefore already been attempted to couple the grate bars lying next to one another by individual connections to form a gap-free combustion grate surface (DE-A-38 13 441). However, this means that the grate bars must absorb stresses - depending on the temperature of the material to be fired and the grate bar temperature - which are greater than the connecting elements can accommodate and therefore breakage and warping of the grate bars inevitably occur.
Neben dem Problem unkontrollierter Verbrennungsluftzufuhr oder nichtsteuerbarem Druck der Ofenatmosphäre beobachtet man häufig einen Durchfall des Verbrennungsgutes durch die Spalte, was zu einem entsprechenden Ascheanfall unter dem Rost führt und die unter dem Rost liegenden Bauteile erhöhten Temperaturen ausgesetzt sind.In addition to the problem of uncontrolled combustion air supply or uncontrollable pressure in the furnace atmosphere, there is often observed a diarrhea of the combustion material through the gaps, which leads to a corresponding ash accumulation under the grate and the components lying under the grate increased temperatures are exposed.
Ein besonderes Problem bilden die bei niedriger Temperatur schmelzenden Buntmetallabfälle, die durch derartige Spalten zwischen den Roststäben fließen oder z. B. auch Stahlschrott, der sich zwischen den Roststäben festklemmt und so die Beweglichkeit der Roststäbe einengt.A particular problem is formed by the low-temperature non-ferrous metal waste flowing through such gaps between the grate bars or e.g. B. also steel scrap, which clamps between the grate bars and thus limits the mobility of the grate bars.
Es sind daher schon Vorschubroste für Müllverbrennungsöfen mit quer zum Rost verlaufenden Reihen von in Vorschubrichtung des Rostes bewegbaren Rostblöcken bekannt geworden (CH-C-585372). Bei diesem Rost ist jede Blockquerreihe mit einer an einem der beiden äußersten Roststäben dieser Querreihe angreifenden und deren Roststäbe lückenlos federnd aneinander drückenden Spannvorrichtung vorgesehen worden. Diese Feder-Konstruktion ist wegen der hohen Zahl zu bewegender Teile im groben Betrieb des Ofens bei hohen Temperaturen störanfällig, bauaufwendig und nicht kontrollierbar.Therefore, feed grates for waste incinerators with rows of grate blocks which run transversely to the grate and are movable in the feed direction of the grate have become known (CH-C-585372). In this grate, each block transverse row has been provided with a tensioning device which engages one of the two outermost grate bars of this transverse row and whose grate bars are resiliently pressed against one another. Because of the large number of parts to be moved during rough operation of the furnace at high temperatures, this spring construction is prone to failure, complex and uncontrollable.
In BE-A-371 535 ist ein Rost für Verbrennungsöfen mit angeordneten Reihen von seitlich gespannten Roststäben beschrieben, bei dem seitlich des Verbrennungsofens außerhalb eines Feuerungsraumes hydraulische Spanneinrichtungen für die Roststäbe angeordnet sind. Diese Roststäbe sind jedoch nicht dachziegelartig angeordnet und nicht reihenweise von einem Roststabträger geführt.
Ein derartiger Rost wird in EP-A-0 165 432 beschrieben, wobei Tellerfedern angeordnet sind und je Roststabreihe ein Zuganker vorgesehen ist, der alle Roststäbe gemeinsam federnd verbindet. Ein Problem bilden dabei die Tellerfedern, auf die sehr hohe Druckkräfte wirken. Weiterhin müssen die Tellerfedern auch über einen großen Temperaturbereich und durch Wärmeausdehnung der Roststäbe und des Zugankers variablem Druckbereich möglichst gleiche Federkräfte aufbringen. Dies ist nicht gewährleistet. Die Federn bzw. beweglichen Gesträngeteile sind dem hohen Feuerraumtemperaturen und den zwangsläufig anfallenden Brenngutresten ausgesetzt. Die Spannung ist nur änderbar bei erkaltetem Rost; gleiches gilt für ihre Kontrolle und Reparatur.BE-A-371 535 describes a grate for incinerators with arranged rows of laterally tensioned grate bars, in which hydraulic clamping devices for the grate bars are arranged on the side of the incinerator outside of a combustion chamber. However, these grate bars are not arranged like roof tiles and are not guided in rows by a grate bar support.
Such a grate is described in EP-A-0 165 432, disc springs are arranged and a tie rod is provided for each grate bar row, which connects all grate bars together in a resilient manner. The disc springs, on which very high compressive forces act, are a problem. Furthermore, the disc springs must also pass through a large temperature range Apply the same spring forces to the thermal expansion of the grate bars and the tie rod in a variable pressure range. This is not guaranteed. The springs and movable rod parts are exposed to the high combustion chamber temperatures and the inevitable incineration of combustion material. The voltage can only be changed when the grate has cooled; the same applies to their inspection and repair.
Von daher liegt der Erfindung das Problem zugrunde, die Roststäbe jeder Roststabreihe möglichst kontrolliert zu spannen und diese Spannung je nach Ofenbetriebsweise derart anzupassen, daß zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben keine Spalte entstehen und keine gegendruckkräfte in die Ofenwand abgeleitet werden.The invention is therefore based on the problem of tensioning the grate bars of each grate bar row in a controlled manner and adapting this tension depending on the furnace operating mode in such a way that no gaps arise between the individual grate bars and no counter-pressure forces are derived into the furnace wall.
Das Problem wird durch den ersten Patentanspruch gelöst. Die Unteransprüche beschreiben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The problem is solved by the first claim. The subclaims describe advantageous developments of the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß ist für einen derartigen Rost für Verbrennungsöfen, von Müllverbrennungsanlagen mit dachziegelartig angeordneten Reihen von seitlich verspannten Roststäben, die reihenweise von einem Roststabträger geführt werden, insbesondere abwechselnd hintereinander liegender bewegbarer und feststehender Roststabträger vorgesehen, daß seitlich des Verbrennungsofens, außerhalb des Feuerungsraumes liegende, hydraulische Spanneinrichtungen für die Roststäbe angeordnet sind und daß für zwei oder mehrere hintereinander liegende, feststehende Roststabträger mit verbundene gemeinsame Gegendruckplatten für die Aufnahme der Reaktionskräfte vorgesehen sind, die auch die auf die bewegbaren Roststabträger wirkenden Spannkräfte aufnehmen.
Dadurch bleiben die auftretenden Reaktionskräfte innerhalb des Rostsystemes gebunden und belasten nicht die Ofenwand. Jede hydraulische Spanneinrichtung für jeden Roststabträger soll einzeln oder gemeinsam für mehrere bewegliche oder feststehende Roststabträger steuerbar sein. Weiterhin können je zwei benachbarte feststehende Roststabträger über eine verbindende Druckplatte von der hydraulischen Spanneinrichtung beaufschlagt werden. Die Preßkräfte sind durch eine Meßeinrichtung feststellbar, wobei im einfachsten Falle die Meßeinrichtung den Preßweg anzeigt.According to the invention, for such a grate for incinerators, waste incineration plants with rows of laterally braced grate bars arranged in a tile-like manner, which are guided in rows by a grate bar support, in particular alternating movable and fixed grate bar supports arranged one behind the other, hydraulic tensioning devices lying on the side of the incinerator, outside the combustion chamber are arranged for the grate bars and that For two or more consecutive, fixed grate bar supports with connected common counter pressure plates are provided for absorbing the reaction forces, which also absorb the clamping forces acting on the movable grate bar supports.
As a result, the reaction forces occurring within the grate system remain bound and do not burden the furnace wall. Each hydraulic tensioning device for each grate bar support should be controllable individually or together for several movable or fixed grate bar supports. Furthermore, two adjacent fixed grate bar supports can be acted upon by the hydraulic tensioning device via a connecting pressure plate. The pressing forces can be determined by a measuring device, the measuring device indicating the pressing path in the simplest case.
Die Spanneinrichtungen für die Pressung der Roststäbe jeder Roststabreihe können auch zyklisch beaufschlagt und wieder entlastet werden. Feststehende Roststabreihen können auch einem dauernden Spanndruck ausgesetzt werden. Die beweglichen Roststäbe werden vorzugsweise während einer Stillstandsphase aneinander gepreßt.The clamping devices for pressing the grate bars of each row of grate bars can also be cyclically loaded and relieved again. Fixed rows of grate bars can also be exposed to constant clamping pressure. The movable grate bars are preferably pressed against one another during a standstill phase.
Mit einer hydraulischen Spannvorrichtung kann feinfühlig die Pressung zwischen der Roststäbe eingestellt werden und so ein Luftschlitz, sowohl bei kaltem als auch bei warmen Feuerungsrost, zwischen den Roststäben vermieden werden. Der Luftaustritt erfolgt dann nur an den dafür vorgesehenen Luftschlitzen in den Roststäben. Ein besonderer Vorteil ist, daß für jede Roststabreihe, als für jeden Roststabträger, eine separate Preßkraft eingestellt werden kann, die durch Ventile und Druckspeicher-Einrichtungen konstant gehalten wird.
Eine hydraulische Spanneinrichtung ist prädestiniert für das Aufbringen hoher Kräfte. Daraus folgt, daß auch sehr breite Öfen mit einer Vielzahl von Roststäben an jeder Roststabreihe mit höheren Drücken beaufschlagt werden können, als dies durch mechanische Mittel möglich wäre.With a hydraulic tensioning device, the pressure between the grate bars can be adjusted sensitively, thus avoiding an air slot between the grate bars, both when the grate is cold and when it is warm. The air is then only discharged through the air slots provided in the grate bars. A particular advantage is that for everyone Grate bar row, as for each grate bar support, a separate pressing force can be set, which is kept constant by valves and pressure storage devices.
A hydraulic tensioning device is predestined for the application of high forces. It follows that even very wide furnaces with a large number of grate bars on each row of grate bars can be subjected to higher pressures than would be possible by mechanical means.
Die durch die Temperaturdehnung oder sonstige Ereignisse mögliche Rostseitenveränderung, d. h. die Änderung der Gesamtbreite aller auf einem Roststabträger angeordneten Roststäbe kann jederzeit beobachtet werden durch z. B. eine Wegmeßeinrichtung, die als Meßstift mit Skala an einer Seite des Roststabträgers angeordnet ist und durch die Ofenwand ragt. So kann festgestellt werden, ob wider Erwarten beispielsweise geschmolzenes Buntmetall oder Stahlstücke zwischen die Roststäbe geraten sind und dadurch Luftschlitze entstehen, was zwangsläufig zu einer Veränderung der Gesamtbreite des Rostes führt, die an dem Meßstift ablesbar ist.The rust side change possible due to the temperature expansion or other events, i. H. the change in the total width of all grate bars arranged on a grate bar support can be observed at any time by, for. B. a displacement measuring device, which is arranged as a measuring pin with a scale on one side of the grate bar support and protrudes through the furnace wall. It can thus be determined whether, contrary to expectations, for example, molten non-ferrous metal or pieces of steel have gotten between the grate bars and this creates air slots, which inevitably leads to a change in the overall width of the grate, which can be read on the measuring pin.
Einen besonderen Vorteil bietet die erfindungsgemäße Möglichkeit, während des Rosthubes die Preßkraft zwischen den beweglichen Roststäben zu verringern und so zwischen Gleitstücken an beiden Ofenseiten einen unnötigen Verschleiß zu verhindern. Außerdem ist durch diese, auch zyklisch einstellbare, Variation des Preßdruckes die Möglichkeit gegeben, zufällig zwischen die Roststäbe geratene Fremdkörper wie Asche oder Stahlstücke durch abwechselndes Pressen und Entspannen der Roststäbe aus diesen Spalten zu entfernen. Ein derartiges Problem kann immer dann entstehen, wenn nach längerer Ofenreise die Roststaboberflächen oder Teile der Seitenflächen bereits geschädigt sind.The possibility according to the invention offers a particular advantage of reducing the pressing force between the movable grate bars during the grate stroke and thus preventing unnecessary wear between sliding pieces on both sides of the furnace. In addition, this, also cyclically adjustable, variation of the pressing pressure gives the possibility of foreign bodies such as ash or accidentally getting between the grate bars Remove steel pieces from these gaps by alternately pressing and releasing the grate bars. Such a problem can always arise if the grate bar surfaces or parts of the side surfaces are already damaged after a long furnace journey.
Um für einige Ofentypen die Zahl der hydraulischen Einzel-Spanneinrichtungen zu minimieren, kann unter Anwendung des Erfindungsgedankens, das Spannsystem wahlweise anders gestaltet sein.
Es können von jeder Ofenseite her beispielsweise je eine feststehende und eine bewegliche Roststabreihe von einem Fluidzylinder beaufschlagt sein oder es kann ein Hydraulikzylinder von einer Ofenseite her mit Hilfe eines zur gegenüberliegenden Ofenseite führenden Gestänges zwei benachbarte Roststabreihen beaufschlagen. Dabei wird jeweils eine Ofenseite als Festseite ausgebildet.In order to minimize the number of hydraulic individual clamping devices for some furnace types, the clamping system can optionally be designed differently using the inventive idea.
From each furnace side, for example, a fixed and a movable row of grate bars can be acted upon by a fluid cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder can act on two adjacent rows of grate bars from one oven side with the aid of a linkage leading to the opposite oven side. One side of the furnace is designed as a fixed side.
Bei Feuerungsrosten, die mittig geteilt sind, kann in Ausnahmefällen auch das hydraulische Spannen nur von einer Ofenseite her geschehen, sofern die Rostbreite nicht zu groß ist. Dabei wird die mittlere Rostseite als Festseite und die äußere Rostseite als Losseite ausgebildet.In the case of combustion grids that are divided in the middle, hydraulic clamping can only be done from one side of the oven in exceptional cases, provided the grate width is not too large. The middle grate side is designed as a fixed side and the outer grate side as a loose side.
Anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- mehrere auf einen Verbrennungsrost wirkende hydraulische Spanneinrichtungen im Teilschnitt,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt C-C gemäß Fig. 1 durch eine feststehende und eine bewegliche Roststabreihe,
- Fig. 3-5
- mehrere unterschiedliche Spanneinrichtungen.
- Fig. 1
- several hydraulic clamping devices acting on a combustion grate in partial section,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a section CC according to FIG. 1 through a fixed and a movable row of grate bars,
- Fig. 3-5
- several different clamping devices.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Feuerungsraum 21, in dessen Ofenwand 20 Hydraulikzylinder 1, 2 eingelassen sind, die von nicht dargestellten Hydrauliksteuerungen und Hydraulikantrieben beaufschlagt werden. Im Feuerungsraum 21 liegen bewegliche Roststabreihen 7 und feststehende Roststabreihen 6 auf jeder Reihe zugeordneten Roststabträgern 17 (Fig. 2). Das Verbrennungsrost ist als Vorschubrost ausgebildet, d. h. bei jedem Hub wird die bewegliche Roststabreihe 7, die dachziegelartig über der festen Roststabreihe 6 liegt, über die feste Roststabreihe 6 geschoben. In der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 wird das Brenngut nach oben geschoben. Die Hydraulikzylinder 1, 2 beaufschlagen Stößel 3, 4, die in Führungsrohren 9 angeordnet sind. Je vier nebeneinander liegende Führungsrohre 9 stützen sich in einem gemeinsamen Roststabträgerschild 10 ab. Dieses Schild nimmt die Gegenkräfte der vier Zylinder auf, die an den Spitzen der Stößel 3, 4 auf die Roststabreihen 6, 7 wirken. Die festen Roststabreihen 6 werden über gemeinsame Rostseitenplatten 5 durch die Stößel 3 beaufschlagt mit einem variabel einstellbaren Druck. Durch die stoßweise Anordnung der Rostseitenplatten 5 unter jedem Stößel 3 an jeder festen Roststabreihe 6 können sich benachbarte Roststabreihen 6 bei gleich großem Druck relativ zueinander ausdehnen. Die Stößel 4 der Hydraulikzylinder 2 durchstoßen die Rostseitenplatte 5 und drücken über Gleitstücke 8 auf die beweglichen Roststabreihen 7. Der Druck der Zylinder 2 ist ebenfalls variabel einstellbar. Zwischen den Gleitstücken 8 und den beweglichen Roststabreihen 7 herrscht bei jedem Hub der beweglichen Roststabreihen 7 druckabhängige Gleitreibung.Figure 1 shows a
Durch dieses System ist es auch möglich, daß sich jede der festen Roststabreihen 6 und jede der beweglichen Roststabreihen 7 je nach Temperatur bei gleichbleibendem Preßdruck unterschiedlich ausdehnen und zusammenziehen können.This system also makes it possible for each of the fixed
Figur 2 zeigt gemäß Schnitt C-C in Figur 1 die beiden äußeren Losseiten eines Ofenrostes. Die nicht dargestellte Festseite jeder Roststabreihe 6, 7 befindet sich in Ofenmitte.
Zwischen den von Roststabschildern 10, 16 geführten Rostseitenplatten 5 sind die bewegliche Roststabreihe 7, hier auf Roststabträger 17, und die ortsfeste Roststabreihe 6 gespannt. Die Spanneinrichtung 2, die über den Stößel 4 und das Gleitstück 8 auf die bewegliche Roststabreihe 7 wirkt, ist so in der Ofenwand 20 befestigt, daß die Bedienungsseite und die hydraulische Steuerung sowie der hydraulische Antrieb außerhalb des Feuerungsraumes 21 und der Ofenwand 20 sitzen. Im Gleitstück 8 endet ein Meßstift 18, der sowohl das Roststabträgerschild 10 als auch die Rostseitenplatte 5 und die Ofenwand 20 durchgreift. Jede Dehnung der beweglichen Roststabreihe 7 führt zu einer Änderung der Länge des Meßstiftes 18, die, an einem nicht dargestellten Maßstab, außerhalb der Ofenatmosphäre ablesbar ist. In analoger, nicht dargestellter Art und Weise sind auch bei den beweglichen Roststabreihen 6 Meßstifte angeordnet, die dort jedoch in den Rostseitenplatten 5 enden, weil die feststehenden Roststabreihen 6 keine Gleitstücke 8 aufweisen.Figure 2 shows according to section CC in Figure 1, the two outer loose sides of a grate. The fixed side, not shown, of each row of
The movable row of
Figur 3 zeigt einen Feuerungsrost, bei dem jede Roststabreihe 6, 7 von Hydraulikzylindern 1, 2 beidseitig beaufschlagt wird.FIG. 3 shows a firing grate in which each row of
Figur 4 zeigt Hydraulikzylinder 23, die mittig zwischen zwei Roststabreihen 6, 7 auf einen diese Reihen verbindendes Quergestänge 22 wirken.FIG. 4 shows
Figur 5 zeigt schließlich einen Feuerungsrost bei dem ein Hydraulikzylinder 24 mittels Druckbalken 25, Quergestänge 26 und Längsgestänge 27 von einer Ofenseite her beidseitig auf zwei benachbarte bewegliche und feststehende Roststabreihen 6, 7 wirkt.FIG. 5 finally shows a firing grate in which a
Claims (6)
- Grating for combustion furnaces of refuse incinerators, having rows of laterally tensioned grating bars, which rows are disposed in the manner of roofing tiles, said grating bars being guided in rows by a grating bar support, wherein hydraulic, individually controllable tensioning means (1, 2, 22-27) for tensioning the grating bars of each row (6, 7) are disposed laterally of the combustion furnace externally of a combustion chamber (21), and a counter-pressure plate (10, 16) is provided, which plate is common to a plurality of rows of grating bars lying one behind the other and via which plate the counter-pressure forces are diverted into the grating bar support (17).
- Grating according to claim 1, characterised by pressure plates (5), which each connect two stationary rows of grating bars (6).
- Grating according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a hydraulic tensioning means (1, 2, 22-27) is selectively provided on each side of a row of grating bars (6, 7) or on each side for a displaceable row of grating bars (7) and a stationary row of grating bars (6), which are connected to a transverse linkage (22, 26), or provided on one side for a displaceable row of grating bars (7) and a stationary row of grating bars (6), which side is connected to the opposite side by means of a connector (27).
- Grating according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised by a measuring means (18) for measuring the movement of the grating bars (6, 7).
- Grating according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the grating bars (6, 7) are cyclically pressed and relieved by the tensioning means (1, 2, 22-27).
- Grating according to claim 5, characterised in that the grating bars (6, 7) are pressed in a shutdown phase.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4105331A DE4105331C1 (en) | 1991-02-18 | 1991-02-18 | |
| DE4105331 | 1991-02-18 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0499911A2 EP0499911A2 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
| EP0499911A3 EP0499911A3 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| EP0499911B1 true EP0499911B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=6425509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92102122A Expired - Lifetime EP0499911B1 (en) | 1991-02-18 | 1992-02-08 | Clamping device and method for combustion grates |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5178128A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0499911B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100200405B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4105331C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2074745T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4119405C1 (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-04-08 | Noell Abfall- Und Energietechnik Gmbh, 4040 Neuss, De | |
| DE4320725A1 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-05 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Push-grating cooler for cooling hot material |
| EP0791784A1 (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1997-08-27 | Oschatz Gmbh | Combustion grate |
| DE19606107C1 (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-02-13 | Martin Umwelt & Energietech | Firing grate, in particular for waste incineration plants |
| EP1840463A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-03 | Babcock & Wilcox Voelund ApS | Combustion grate spanning system |
| CN101078521B (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2011-02-16 | 顾利平 | Fire grate long pin correction structure |
| CN101876442B (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-03-07 | 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 | Installation structure of fire grate side beam |
| CN110940694A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-03-31 | 江苏宏大特种钢机械厂有限公司 | Grate bar thermal expansion testing system for belt type roasting machine and testing method thereof |
| CN119436153B (en) * | 2024-12-04 | 2025-07-11 | 北京中科润宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for adjusting gap between fire grates of garbage incinerator |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE371535A (en) * | ||||
| DE1265247B (en) * | 1966-12-08 | 1968-04-04 | Siemens Ag | Time division multiplex transmission method for the transmission of a plurality of binary messages in a transparent channel |
| FR1532280A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1968-07-12 | Grate for large fireplaces with side partitions separating the grate layers | |
| CH585372A5 (en) * | 1975-03-17 | 1977-02-28 | Von Roll Ag | |
| DE2552475A1 (en) * | 1975-11-22 | 1977-05-26 | Sennheiser Electronic | Intercom for the hard:of:hearing - uses IR, ultrasonic or inductive transducers and portable transceivers with individual amplification control |
| DE2622965C2 (en) * | 1976-05-21 | 1978-04-06 | Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Compensation device for dimensional changes of components due to temperature fluctuations, especially in the case of furnaces |
| DE2652475C3 (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1979-08-16 | L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach | Combustion grate |
| US4328786A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1982-05-11 | Clayware Pty. Ltd. | Coal burning grate |
| EP0165432B1 (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1989-05-10 | KOCH, Theodor | Furnace, especially for the combustion of refuse, coal, wood and industrial waste |
| IT1235900B (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1992-12-02 | Vaifro Vittorio Bonomelli | MOBILE STEAM COMBUSTION GRID FOR SOLID FUELS, IN PARTICULAR SOLID URBAN AND SIMILAR WASTE |
| DE3813441A1 (en) * | 1987-04-25 | 1988-11-03 | Mrklas Louis | Grating bar element for a thrust grating furnace for refuse incineration |
-
1991
- 1991-02-18 DE DE4105331A patent/DE4105331C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-02-03 US US07/829,939 patent/US5178128A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-08 ES ES92102122T patent/ES2074745T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-08 DE DE59202572T patent/DE59202572D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-08 EP EP92102122A patent/EP0499911B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-17 KR KR1019920002318A patent/KR100200405B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR920016772A (en) | 1992-09-25 |
| ES2074745T3 (en) | 1995-09-16 |
| DE59202572D1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
| EP0499911A3 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| US5178128A (en) | 1993-01-12 |
| DE4105331C1 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
| KR100200405B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| EP0499911A2 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
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