EP0473813A1 - Interrupteur à électrodes creuses - Google Patents
Interrupteur à électrodes creuses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0473813A1 EP0473813A1 EP90116901A EP90116901A EP0473813A1 EP 0473813 A1 EP0473813 A1 EP 0473813A1 EP 90116901 A EP90116901 A EP 90116901A EP 90116901 A EP90116901 A EP 90116901A EP 0473813 A1 EP0473813 A1 EP 0473813A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- cathode
- switch
- gas
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon or helium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
- H01J17/44—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes having one or more control electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hollow electrode switch with a cathode and an anode, which are connected to high voltage and form a discharge gap with the length d for a low-pressure gas discharge.
- This discharge path is located in an ionizable gas filling, the pressure p of which is selected such that the ignition voltage of the gas discharge decreases with increasing product pxd.
- the ignition voltage for a given gas discharge path and its usual graphical representation as a function of the product of gas pressure p and electrode spacing D in the ignition characteristic curve are known to be an important aid for identifying electrical discharge devices, taking the probability of ignition into account.
- the infinitely large plate capacitor and its ignition characteristic are generally used for comparison.
- the practical embodiment of such discharge paths has electrodes with finite dimensions. While it is used to determine the right branch of the ignition characteristic (Paschen curve), i.e.
- the ignition characteristic curve can be determined, for example, for various noble and molecular gases (Proc. Vllth Int. Conf. Phenom. in lonited Gases, Beograd, Vol. I (1965), pages 316 to 326).
- Gas discharge switches are also known which are controlled by a pulsed low pressure gas discharge.
- the discharge switch contains an anode and a cathode which are separated from one another at the edge by an annular insulator and of which at least the cathode is provided with at least one opening.
- a control device is provided for the gas discharge, which contains a hollow electrode designed as a cage, which is connected to the cathode in an electrically conductive manner and is therefore at the cathode potential. It surrounds the cathode rear space and separates it from the area of pre-ionization.
- the gas discharge between the cathode and the anode is ignited by injection of charge carriers.
- the discharge path is ignited in two stages.
- an auxiliary electrode generates a pre-ionization by means of a glow discharge.
- a trigger electrode then receives a negative ignition pulse and the entry of charge carriers into the hollow electrode is made possible in that the potential of a blocking electrode is set to zero.
- the discharge is initiated when the charge carriers enter the hollow electrode.
- This gas discharge switch has a relatively complicated structure, since all electrode connections are led out of the side wall of the correspondingly divided switch housing (DE-OS 37 21 529).
- the invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving this known embodiment of a hollow electrode switch, in particular the structure of the hollow electrode switch is to be simplified in connection with a special embodiment of the trigger device.
- the entire switch is constructed as a cylinder and all components are arranged in the hollow cylindrical undivided switch housing.
- the electrical control connection for the control electrode can be passed through the opening of the gas reservoir.
- the overall height of the switch can be reduced in that the control electrode is surrounded concentrically by the gas reservoir.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a hollow electrode switch according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 A particularly advantageous further embodiment is shown in FIG. 2.
- a hollow electrode switch shown in Figure 1 is constructed according to the invention rotationally symmetrically as a cylinder and contains two electrodes, one of which is connected as a cathode 2 and the other as an anode 3.
- the cathode 2 is provided with at least one opening, two of which are shown in the figure and are designated by 4 and 5.
- the mutually facing surfaces of the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are shaped such that a discharge chamber 8 in the form of a double cone with mutually facing base surfaces is formed in a central surface area.
- These openings 4 and 5 are at a predetermined distance from the cylinder axis 29 of the hollow electrode switch and can preferably be distributed axially symmetrically about the cylinder axis 29.
- a discharge path 9 can be ignited within the discharge chamber 8 in the region of the maximum height d of the cathode 2 and the anode 3.
- the discharge thus burns between closed surface areas of the cathode 2 and the anode 3, so that erosion of the openings 4 and 5, which lie outside of this central area, is practically impossible.
- This maximum electrode distance d within the discharge chamber 8 is at least 3 mm, preferably at least 6 mm and in particular significantly more than 10 mm.
- the cathode 2 and the anode 3, which generally each form a rotating body, are arranged in their surface area outside the switching chamber 8 at a distance a from one another, which can be, for example, about 2 to 5 mm.
- the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are made of electrically conductive material, preferably stainless steel, and in the area of the discharge chamber 8 can generally be provided with special inserts 6 and 7 made of a high-melting metal, for example an alloy containing tungsten W or molybdenum Mo. or consist entirely of this high-melting metal.
- a high-melting metal for example an alloy containing tungsten W or molybdenum Mo. or consist entirely of this high-melting metal.
- the trigger device for the discharge path 9 includes a control electrode 10 in the form of a hollow electrode, the bottom 11 and side wall 12 of which surround a cavity 13 and the opening of which faces the discharge path 9 and which is electrically insulated from the cathode 2. Means are provided for this control electrode 10 for generating at least one space charge, in particular a glow discharge in the cavity 13.
- This control electrode 10 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, and has at least the shape of a bowl, preferably the shape of a pot, the depth T of which is substantially larger than its diameter D.
- the shape of the pot of the control electrode 10 is preferably chosen so that the ratio of the depth T to the diameter D is about 1 to 5, in particular about 2.
- the cavity 13 and the discharge chamber 8 contain a gas filling from an ionizable working gas, preferably hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
- an ionizable working gas preferably hydrogen or deuterium or a mixture of these gases.
- nitrogen or an inert gas such as argon or helium, are also suitable.
- a gas storage 24 for the working gas which is only indicated schematically in the figure, is provided with a heating device, not shown in the figure, the electrical connections of which are led through the wall of the switch and are designated by 25 and 26.
- the space surrounding the gas reservoir 24 is connected to the cavity 13 and the discharge chamber 8 via pressure compensation openings 15 and 16.
- the gas reservoir of the gas reservoir 24 can preferably also serve as a pressure control system for the hollow electrode switch.
- An electrical control connection 28 connects the control electrode 10 to a trigger voltage source 17, which represents a particularly simple means for generating at least one space charge, in particular a glow discharge in the cavity 13.
- the control connection 28 can be designed, for example, as a screw or plug connection and connects a bolt arranged above the control electrode 10 to the supply line to the trigger voltage source 17.
- the trigger voltage source 17 is connected to the control electrode 10 via a limiting resistor 18 and a decoupling capacitance 19, for example.
- the trigger voltage source 17 supplies a trigger pulse with a steep rising edge and a negative voltage of, for example, approximately 0.5 to 10 kV, preferably approximately 1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2, which can be ground potential, for example, and from which the control electrode 10 is electrically insulated .
- the length of the trigger pulse is at least as long as the switching delay of the discharge path 9 and can be, for example, about 0.1 to 2 us, preferably about 0.5 to 1 us.
- the control electrode 10 can also be assigned an additional voltage source 21 for pre-ionization, the positive voltage of which, for example, can be approximately 0.1 to 5 kV compared to the reference potential of the cathode 2 and which preferably has a few via a high series resistor 22 10 6 ohms can be connected to the control electrode 10.
- This positive voltage of the voltage source 21 is selected so that it generates a low-current glow discharge in the current range from, for example, a few ⁇ A to a few mA within the control electrode 10, which does not yet lead to breakdown at the discharge path 9. This breakdown is then only initiated with the trigger pulse of the trigger voltage source 17.
- a switch housing 30 which is designed as a hollow cylindrical electrical insulator and which can be made of glass or ceramic, for example.
- the switch housing 30 is separated both from the cathode 2 and from the anode 3 by a slot 31, the width S of which is smaller than the distance a between the cathode 2 and the anode 3 in the channel 14 outside the discharge chamber 8.
- This slot width S can preferably at most half of the distance a.
- annular gas reservoir 24 can be provided for the gas filling, which is arranged above the control electrode 10 and in the opening of which the control connection 28 for the control electrode 10 is arranged.
- the bottom 11 of the control electrode 10 can be provided with a corresponding window for this purpose.
- a reduction in the overall height of the hollow electrode switch is obtained according to FIG. 2 by means of an annular gas store 24, which is arranged concentrically with the control electrode 10.
- the length of the switch housing 30 is essentially determined by the height of the anode 3 and the cathode 2 and the control electrode 10.
Landscapes
- Lasers (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90116901A EP0473813A1 (fr) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Interrupteur à électrodes creuses |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90116901A EP0473813A1 (fr) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Interrupteur à électrodes creuses |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0473813A1 true EP0473813A1 (fr) | 1992-03-11 |
Family
ID=8204423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90116901A Ceased EP0473813A1 (fr) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Interrupteur à électrodes creuses |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0473813A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4214362A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4214359A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4214331A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter und verfahren zu dessen fertigung |
| DE4214361A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1994-01-13 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4226076A1 (de) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-10 | Siemens Ag | Elektrodenanordnung für Gasentladungsschalter |
| WO2006130036A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-12-07 | Viktor Dmitrievich Bochkov | Instrument commande a decharge gazeuse |
| RU2300157C1 (ru) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-05-27 | Виктор Дмитриевич Бочков | Управляемый газоразрядный прибор |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2122932A (en) * | 1934-03-23 | 1938-07-05 | Ora S Duffendack | Gaseous discharge tube |
| DE3721529A1 (de) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Christiansen Jens | Triggerung und isolation von pseudofunkenschaltern |
| EP0337192A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz |
-
1990
- 1990-09-03 EP EP90116901A patent/EP0473813A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2122932A (en) * | 1934-03-23 | 1938-07-05 | Ora S Duffendack | Gaseous discharge tube |
| DE3721529A1 (de) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Christiansen Jens | Triggerung und isolation von pseudofunkenschaltern |
| EP0337192A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Interrupteur à décharge dans un gaz |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4214362A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4214359A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4214331A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter und verfahren zu dessen fertigung |
| DE4214361A1 (de) * | 1992-04-30 | 1994-01-13 | Siemens Ag | Gasentladungsschalter |
| DE4226076A1 (de) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-10 | Siemens Ag | Elektrodenanordnung für Gasentladungsschalter |
| WO2006130036A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-12-07 | Viktor Dmitrievich Bochkov | Instrument commande a decharge gazeuse |
| RU2300157C1 (ru) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-05-27 | Виктор Дмитриевич Бочков | Управляемый газоразрядный прибор |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19901205 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19941012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19950502 |