Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3409—Alkyl -, alkenyl -, cycloalkyl - or terpene sulfates or sulfonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2068—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/221—Mono, di- or trisaccharides or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
  • C11D1/721—End blocked ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

• the invention relates to cleaning compositions comprising soap, detergent, free fatty acid and further comprising additives which reduce mush and/or improve mildness in said compositions.
• soap is centuries's oldest surfactant. Although soap is efficient at cleaning, it requires formulation to overcome many physical property defects. Additives have been discovered which improve soap's lather, fragrance, visual appeal and other aesthetic properties.
• compositions in which major amounts of soap are combined with lesser amounts acyl fatty isethionate US Pat. No. 4,260,507 (Barrett), for example, teaches compositions with major amounts of soap, 60-97%, combined with minor amounts, 3-40%, acyl fatty isethionate.
• the toilet bars produced are said to have exceptional lathering properties.
• compositions providing mush-reduction, mildness-enhancement or both comprising:
• compositions comprising fatty acid soap, detergent other than fatty acid soap and free fatty acids results in compositions having reduced mush.
• These compounds also impart an improved mildness benefit in the form of reduced skin irritation compared to similar soaps which do not contain the defined mush-reducing compound.
• soap is used herein in its popular sense, i.e., the alkali metal or alkanol ammonium salts of aliphatic alkane- or alkene monocarboxylic acids.
• Sodium, potassium, mono- di- and tri-ethanol ammonium cations, or combinations thereof, are suitable for purposes of this invention.
• sodium soaps are used in the compositions of this invention, but from about 1% to about 25% of the soap may be potassium soaps.
• the soaps useful herein are the well known alkali metal salts of natural or synthetic aliphatic (alkanoic or alkenoic) acids having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. They may be described as alkali metal carboxylates of acyclic hydrocarbons having about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• Soaps having the fatty acid distribution of coconut oil may provide the lower end of the broad molecular weight range.
• Those soaps having the fatty acid distribution of peanut or rapeseed oil, or their hydrogenated derivatives may provide the upper end of the broad molecular weight range.
• soaps having the fatty acid distribution of coconut oil or tallow, or mixtures thereof since these are among the more readily available fats.
• the proportion of fatty acids having at least 12 carbon atoms in coconut oil soap is about 85%. This proportion will be greater when mixtures of coconut oil and fats such as tallow, palm oil, or non-tropical oils or fats are used, wherein the principal chain lengths are C16 and higher.
• Preferred soap for use in the compositions of this invention has at least about 85% fatty acids having about 12-18 carbon atoms.
• Coconut oil employed for the soap may be substituted in whole or in part by other "high-lauric” oils, that is, oils or fats wherein at least 50% of the total fatty acids are composed of lauric or myristic acids or mixtures thereof.
• These oils are generally exemplified by the tropical nut oils of the coconut oil class. For instance, they include: palm kernel oil, babassu oil, ouricuri oil, tucum oil, cohune nut oil, murumuru oil, jaboty kernel oil, khakan kernel oil, dika nut oil, and ucuhuba butter.
• a preferred soap is a mixture of about 15% to about 20% coconut oil and about 80% to about 85% tallow. These mixtures contain about 95% fatty acids having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• the soap may be prepared from coconut oil, in which case the fatty acid content is about 85% of C12-C18 chain length.
• the soaps may contain unsaturation in accordance with commercially acceptable standards. Excessive unsaturation is normally avoided.
• Soaps may be made by the classic kettle boiling process or modern continuous soap manufacturing processes wherein natural fats and oils such as tallow or coconut oil or their equivalents are saponified with an alkali metal hydroxide using procedures well known to those skilled in the art.
• the soaps may be made by neutralising fatty acids, such as lauric (C12), myristic (C14), palmitic (C16), or stearic (C18) acids with an alkali metalhydroxide or carbonate.
• Total soap content of the instant compositions must be greater than 25 wt.%. Usually, from about 30% to 98% of the composition is soap. Preferably, the concentration of this component ranges from about 40% to 70%, more preferably 50% to 65%.
• compositions encompassed by this invention may either be in liquid or toilet bar form.
• Detergents other than soap are also present in the formulations of this invention. Examples of these include anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric synthetic detergent materials or mixtures of any of these.
• Anionic detergents may be chosen from the alkali metal, magnesium or ammonium salts selected from the group consisting of: C8-C22 hydroxyalkane sulfonates, C8-C22 acyl isethionates, C8-C22 N-acyl taurinates, C8-C22 alkyl sulfates, C8-C22 alkyl ether sulfates, C8-C22 alkyl phosphonates and phosphates, C8-C22 mono-alkyl succinates and maleates, C8-C22 dialkylsulphosuccinates, C8-C22 alkylamidosulphosuccinates, C8-C22 alkane disulfonates, C8-C22 alkene sulfonates C8-C18 alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, and C8-C18 alkyl polyglycosides.
• nonionic synthetic detergents are the condensation products of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide with C8-C18 alkylphenols, C8-C18 primary or secondary aliphatic alcohols, C8-C18 fatty acid amides; further examples of nonionics include tertiary amine oxides with one C8-C18 alkyl chain and two C1 ⁇ 3 alkyl chains. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II) by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
• the average number of moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide present in the above nonionics varies from 1-30; mixtures of various nonionics, including mixtures of nonionics with a lower and a higher degree of alkoxylation, may also be used.
• cationic detergents are the quaternary ammonium compounds such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides.
• amphoteric or zwitterionic detergents are N-alkylamino acids, sulphobetaines, condensation products of fatty acids with protein hydrolysates, but owing to their relatively high costs they are usually used in combination with an anionic or a nonionic detergent. Mixtures of the various types of active detergents may also be used, and preference is given to mixtures of anionic and a nonionic detergent active.
• Particular preferred surfactants are the C8-C18 acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Acyl isethionates when present, will generally range from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the total composition. Preferably, this component is present from about 15% to about 30%.
• Free fatty acids of 8-22 carbon atoms are desirably incorporated within the compositions of the present invention. Some of these fatty acids are present to operate as superfatting agents and others as skin feel and creaminess enhancers.
• Superfatting agents enhance lathering properties and may be selected from fatty acids of carbon atoms numbering 8-18, preferably 10-16, in an amount up to 25% by weight of the composition.
• Skin feel and creaminess enhancers the most important of which is stearic acid, are also desirably present in these compositions.
• Levels lower than 25% of stearic acid are, however, necessary in certain formulations where it is desired to accentuate the performance of the mildness improving salt disclosed by the present invention. Thus, stearic acid levels in these formulations must be held between 4 and 10%, preferably between 5 and 9%, but most preferably between 6 and 8%.
• Fatty acids generally comprise 1 to about 15% by weight of the composition.
• the mush-reducing agent hereby disclosed is selected from one of the following groups:
• Examples of compounds selected from group (i) above include:
• Examples of compounds selected from group (ii) above include the following:
• esters and ethers comprise from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the cleaning composition, preferably 1% - 10%, most preferably 2% - 8%.
• a preferred optional ingredient which may be used in the compositions of the invention is a skin mildness improver.
• Skin mildness improvers which may be used include, for example, salts of isethionate.
• Effective salt cations may be selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium and mono-, di- or tri-alkanolammonium ions.
• Specifically preferred cations include sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, triethylammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium or triethanolammonium ions.
• a mildness improver when such agents are used, are compounds of the general formula: HO-CHRCH2-SO3M
• R is a hydrogen or C1 to C9 alkyl or alkenyl radical
• M is action selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium or mono-, di- or tri-alkanolammonium ions.
• a particularly preferred compound is simple, unsubstituted sodium isethionate of the general formula above wherein R is hydrogen.
• the skin mildness improver may be present from about 0% to about 50% by weight of the composition.
• the mildness improver is present from about 0.5% to about 25%, more preferably from about 2% to about 15%, optimally from 5% to 10%, by weight of the total composition.
• compositions may be needed with these compositions.
• the amount of these chemicals and adjuncts may range from about 1% to about 40% by weight of the total composition.
• a suds-boosting detergent salt may be incorporated.
• Illustrative of this type additive are salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and organic amine higher aliphatic fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, and the higher aliphatic fatty acid taurinates.
• Adjunct materials including germicides, perfumes, colourants, pigments such as titanium dioxide and water may also be present.
• the mush-reducing agent not only reduces mush but also allows soap bars to be readily processed at low moisture levels. Specifically, the agent allows processing to occur at levels as low as 5%-6% moisture without major splitting and cracking. In addition, although relatively high mush values would be expected at these moisture levels, the mush reducing compounds keep the mush level down even at these low moisture values.
• the mush immersion test is used as a relatively quick method of measuring a cleaning tablet's ability to absorb water and therefore disintegrate (mush).
• a cleaning tablet is shaved to a rectangular shape approximately 7 x 4 x 2 cm.
• a horizontal line is scribed across one face about 3.5 cm from the bottom.
• the block will be immersed in water up to this line. The dimensions below the line are measured.
• the surface area of the portion to be immersed is calculated.
• the block is weighed and then suspended in a beaker.
• the beaker is filled with 72°F (22.2°C) deionized water until it reaches the scribed line.
• the beakers sit in a constant temperature bath kept at 72°F (22.2°C).
• the block is allowed to sit in water for exactly two hours.
• the block is removed from the water, carefully shaken to remove any excess water and weighed.
• the difference between the net weight and the initial weight represents the water weight gained during the two hour period.
• the mush is then carefully removed from the block with a plastic utensil or blunt knife.
• the block is then wiped gently with a soft cloth to remove any excess mush not scraped off previously.
• the block is dried overnight and weighed.
• the difference between the final dry weight and the initial weight represents the block weight lost.
• the final mush value is calculated by adding the weight of water gained and the weight of block lost. An average of five blocks is used to assign a mush number to any composition. It is important to note that both weights, the water gained and the block lost, are important. Compositions can gain water readily without loosening the mass enough to be scraped off. Conversely, some formulations can lose large masses with only a slight water gain. Therefore the sum of both weights is necessary to accurately compare formulations.
• batches prepared according to the Basic Formulation described above are best processed at moisture levels between 9-12%. At moisture levels about 12% the mush values decrease but the formulation is very sticky and impossible to process. At moisture levels below 8 or 9%, bar processing properties (e.g. plodding and stamping) become highly unmanageable. At these low moisture levels, the extruded plodder log tends to split and crack and the finished bar tends to develop surface deformities (cracks) as well as general sandiness. Accordingly, it would be greatly beneficial to find a compound or agent which would allow processing of low moisture batches in addition to providing mush reduction. Precisely such advantage is provided by the compounds of the invention described in the following pages.
• the average mush value is 15.12 and mush values range between 14.8 and 15.5. Mush values can approach as high as 17 or 18 at lower batch moisture levels (comparative example 7).
• the mush reduction compounds of the invention are added to batches having the same batch moisture content (examples 5 and 6), average mush value drops to 12.13. This represents a reduction in average mush value of about 20%:
• a soap bar produced using the mush-reducing compound of the invention was compared to a similar bar, i.e. a Lever 2000 R bar similar in composition except for the absence of the mush-reducing compound, to determine the effect of this compound on mildness.
• the comparison was made according to the following test procedure:
• the flex wash procedure consists of three daily two minute washes of the ante-cubital fossa (flex area of the elbow). This is an "exaggerated use" method which has been designed to differentiate mild products. Erythema response varies only slightly with temperature and humidity fluctuations making the protocol suitable for year round testing.
• Panellist flex areas must be free of any skin condition (eczema, dryness, irritation, cuts or abrasions).
• Any skin condition eczema, dryness, irritation, cuts or abrasions.
• An antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs (more than 8 per week) or topical, oral or injectable cortisone on a regular basis is excluded from the study.
• the panel is divided into two subgroups which are balanced for left handedness. Group I is assigned the control composition for the left flex and the experimental for the right flex. Group II reversed the order.
• the panellist is instructed to moisten the left flex area.
• Sponge and test compositions (formulated as toilet bars) are dampened with tap water (100 ppm calcium/magnesium ions).
• the sponge is then stroked over the test bar 10 times by the evaluator.
• the "dosed" sponge is placed in the panellist's right hand.
• the panellist then washes the left flex area for exactly two minutes. Thereupon, the flex area is rinsed and patted dry. This washing procedure is repeated on the right arm with the appropriate composition. Washing by this procedure is repeated three times daily for five consecutive days for a total of 15 washes. Treatment times are scheduled 1.5 hours apart. Each test site is evaluated immediately prior to washing and 4 hours after the third daily wash.
• the grading scale is as follows:
• Each test site is treated in the prescribed method until a grading of "2" or greater is attained or 15 washes are completed. When a score of "2" or greater is attained the treatment is discontinued on that flex area. The final score is then carried through for all remaining evaluations. The remaining flex area is washed until either a grading of at least "2" or 15 treatments are attained, whichever is first.
• the final grading Mean Rank Scores
• Mean Rank Scores is the sum total of grade scores for 15 assessments per panellist averaged over the scores from all panellists. Thus, the average score can range from 0 to 30; the lower score indicating absolutely no skin irritation, and the "30" score the most severe.
• Mean Endpoint Erythema scores are the mean of the valuation scores, for each panellist, at which the first arm received a grade of "2" or greater erythema score or at the completion of fifteen washes.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (3)

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ID=26324152

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (9)

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• 1991
  • 1991-05-28 AU AU77375/91A patent/AU634063B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-05-28 CA CA002043370A patent/CA2043370C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-05-29 DE DE69127136T patent/DE69127136T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-05-29 ES ES91304826T patent/ES2104667T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-05-29 EP EP91304826A patent/EP0459769B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-05-30 ZA ZA914151A patent/ZA914151B/xx unknown
  • 1991-05-31 JP JP3228168A patent/JP2599520B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-05-31 BR BR919102249A patent/BR9102249A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-06-04 IN IN162BO1991 patent/IN172460B/en unknown

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