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EP0447701B1 - Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0447701B1
EP0447701B1 EP90302967A EP90302967A EP0447701B1 EP 0447701 B1 EP0447701 B1 EP 0447701B1 EP 90302967 A EP90302967 A EP 90302967A EP 90302967 A EP90302967 A EP 90302967A EP 0447701 B1 EP0447701 B1 EP 0447701B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
heat resisting
metal matrix
resisting member
matrix composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90302967A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0447701A1 (fr
Inventor
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Engine Components Japan Corp
Original Assignee
Izumi Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP63285732A priority Critical patent/JPH02133534A/ja
Application filed by Izumi Industries Ltd filed Critical Izumi Industries Ltd
Priority to EP90302967A priority patent/EP0447701B1/fr
Priority to DE69021369T priority patent/DE69021369T2/de
Publication of EP0447701A1 publication Critical patent/EP0447701A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0447701B1 publication Critical patent/EP0447701B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04—Light metals
    • C22C49/06—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/16—Fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a heat resisting aluminium alloy member reinforced locally by inorganic fibers, and particularly but not exclusively is applicable to piston heads, cylinder heads and the like of internal combustion engines.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforced portion is very small compared with that of the non-reinforced body portion, so that the difference of thermal expansion coefficients at the interface between the reinforced portion and the non-reinforced body portion of the member will cause a high stress at the interface at higher temperatures and finally cracks are initiated in the interface under the repetitive thermal loads.
  • One effective means of avoiding such damage is to enlarge the reinforced portion to keep the interface away from the hottest zone, so that the interface is not exposed to such high temperatures, but consequently the amount of the expensive inorganic fiber to make the reinforced portion increases and as a result the cost of the heat resisting member will be raised.
  • the present invention is concerned with providing a heat resisting aluminium alloy member with a local metal matrix composite on which cyclic thermal load can be applied, wherein the likelihood of cracks arising under repetition of heat cycles is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
  • a heat resisting member comprising: an unreinforced body portion of a first aluminium alloy, and a reinforcing portion of a metal matrix composite of a second material reinforced with inorganic fibres, the second material being aluminium or a different aluminum alloy consisting of: (a) aluminium; (b) Si, Cu, Ni and Mg each at less than 1% by weight; (c) Fe and Mn as impurities each at less than 0.5% by weight; and (d) other impurities at less than 0.3% by weight.
  • Patent Applications EP-A-0 170 396 and EP-A-0 106 108 disclose many examples of metal matrix composites including composites in which the metal is aluminium, but neither is concerned with the thermal characteristics of the metal matrix composites or the problem with which the present invention is concerned.
  • a volumetric ratio of the inorganic fibers of the metal matrix composite lies within a range of 5 to 25%.
  • the reinforced portion has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 19.5 x 10 ⁇ 6/°C and the body portion of JIS:AC8A alloy has a coefficient of 22.3 x 10 ⁇ 6/°C.
  • the reinforcing portion is welded to the body portion.
  • alloying elements which are added to an aluminium alloy matrix to increase its strength exert rather an unfavorable influence upon crack initiation caused by cyclic thermal shocks, and inorganic fibers in the metal matrix composite produce a very good effect on the crack prevention. That is, when the alloying elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, Mg and the like, exist each at less than 1%, the elongation, at high temperatures, of the aluminium alloy is very improved. Further, it produces a good effect on the crack prevention if the aluminium alloy contains Fe and Mn, which exist as impurities, each at less than 0.5%, and other impurities at less than 0.3%.
  • a metallic fiber, a carbon fiber, an alumina fiber, a boric alumina fiber or an alumina-silica fiber can be used as the fibrous inorganic material, and whiskers such as SiC, silicon nitride or boric alumina produce a better effect on the crack prevention.
  • the volumetric ratio of the inorganic fiber is preferably selected within a range of 5 to 25%, because the heat resistant property is hardly improved if the volumetric ratio is less than 5%, and if the volumetric ratio is more than 25%, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal matrix composite becomes too small, compared with that of the body member, so that cracks are easily initiated in an interface between the metal matrix composite and the body member aluminium alloy due to great difference of the coefficients of expansion between them.
  • a metal matrix composite was made of an inorganic fiber whose volumetric ratio was selected within the range of 5 to 25%, and an aluminium base metal which contains Si, Cu, Ni and Mg each at less than 1%; Fe and Mn each at less than 0.5%; and impurities at less than 0.3%, and thereafter, was welded to the body portion of a heat resisting member by electron beam welding, friction welding or the like so as to obtain the partially reinforced heat resisting member.
  • an aluminium base metal which contains Si, Cu, Ni and Mg each at less than 1%; Fe and Mn each at less than 0.5%; and impurities at less than 0.3%
  • a preform 1 was made of SiC-whisker (manufactured by "Tokai-Carbon” Co Ltd and identified by " ⁇ -type whisker") so as to have a volumetric ratio V f of 15%, and is set in a metal mold 2. Then, molten pure aluminium of 99.7% was poured into the metal mold 2 as shown in Figure 2, and a pressure of 800kgf/cm2 was applied on the molten aluminium to squeeze the melt into the fine cavities of the whisker preform ( Figure 3) to produce the metal matrix composite. The composite was machined to the form 3 in Figure 4. Shown in Figure 7 is a relationship between the volumetric ratio V f of the reinforcing fiber in the metal matrix composite and the tensile strength of the metal matrix composite.
  • a piston body 4 to be reinforced by the metal matrix composite 3 was made of aluminium alloy (JIS:AC8A) by gravity casting, and in the piston body 4, a tapered portion 4b is provided on the outlet of the combustion chamber 4a as shown in Figure 5 to fit the metal matrix composite 3 therein.
  • the metal matrix composite 3 was welded to the piston body 4 by electron beam welding ( Figure 6).
  • a piston to be compared with the above piston was made by a conventional process. That is, a preform 11 was made of Sic-whisker (the same as that described above) so as to have a volumetric ratio V f of 15%, and was set in a metal mold 12 as shown in Figure 8. Then, molten aluminium alloy (JIS:AC8A) was poured into the metal mold 12 (Figure 9), and after the metal mold 12 was closed up tight as shown in Figure 10, the melt was squeezed into fine cavities of the whisker preform under a pressure of 800kgf/cm2 to form local metal matrix composite on a piston head. Thereafter, the piston shown in Figure 11 was machined from the casting.
  • molten aluminium alloy JIS:AC8A
  • a thermal shock test was conducted to compare the piston of this invention with the conventional piston.
  • the piston was exposed to alternate temperatures of 400 and 150°C, with a cycle period of 12 seconds.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the piston body is nearer to that of the reinforced portion of the piston of this invention than to that of the reinforced portion of the conventional piston. This seems to be a reason why the piston of this invention shows no crack at the interface between the reinforced portion and the body portion.
  • the invention is applied to a piston of an internal combustion engine, but it is widely applicable to such members which are exposed to a cyclic local thermal load as to be locally exposed to the repetition of heat cycles.
  • the composite material 3 is fixed to the piston body 4 by electron beam welding, but it can be fixed also by friction welding.
  • the matrix alloy of the reinforced portion contains only a small amount of alloying elements, which are added normally to aluminium alloy members but have negative effects on thermal shock resistance, in order to attain the best thermal shock resistance of the metal matrix composite which contains inorganic fibrous material as a reinforcing material.
  • alloying elements which are added normally to aluminium alloy members but have negative effects on thermal shock resistance, in order to attain the best thermal shock resistance of the metal matrix composite which contains inorganic fibrous material as a reinforcing material.
  • silicon which reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of aluminium alloys is not included to a significant extent in the reinforced portion of the heat resisting member, the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforced portion increases, resulting in a smaller difference of the coefficients of expansion between the body portion and the reinforced portion of the heat resisting member, so that no crack is initiated in the interface between the body portion and the reinforced portion of the member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Elément résistant à la chaleur comprenant : une partie formant corps non renforcée (4) en un premier alliage d'aluminium et une partie de renforcement (3) en un composite à matrice métallique d'un second matériau renforcé avec des fibres inorganiques, le second matériau étant l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium différent consistant en : (a) aluminium ; (b) Si, Cu, Ni et Mg chacun à raison de moins de 1% en masse ; (c) Fe et Mn sous forme d'impuretés chacun à raison de moins de 0,5% en masse ; et (d) d'autres impuretés à raison de moins de 0,3% en masse.
  2. Elément résistant à la chaleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le rapport volumétrique des fibres inorganiques dans le composite à matrice métallique est situé dans un domaine de 5 à 25%.
  3. Elément selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la partie de renforcement est soudée à la partie formant corps.
  4. Elément résistant à la chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sous forme d'une tête de piston ou de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne.
EP90302967A 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation Expired - Lifetime EP0447701B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63285732A JPH02133534A (ja) 1988-11-14 1988-11-14 複合強化部を有する耐熱部材及びその製造方法
EP90302967A EP0447701B1 (fr) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation
DE69021369T DE69021369T2 (de) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63285732A JPH02133534A (ja) 1988-11-14 1988-11-14 複合強化部を有する耐熱部材及びその製造方法
EP90302967A EP0447701B1 (fr) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0447701A1 EP0447701A1 (fr) 1991-09-25
EP0447701B1 true EP0447701B1 (fr) 1995-08-02

Family

ID=40099522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90302967A Expired - Lifetime EP0447701B1 (fr) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Elément résistant à la chaleur renforcée et son procédé de préparation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0447701B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02133534A (fr)
DE (1) DE69021369T2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5950149A (ja) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-23 Toyota Motor Corp 繊維強化金属複合材料
JPS619537A (ja) * 1984-06-25 1986-01-17 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd 無機短繊維強化金属複合材の製造法
DE3700651A1 (de) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-21 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte brennkraftmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69021369D1 (de) 1995-09-07
DE69021369T2 (de) 1996-02-08
JPH02133534A (ja) 1990-05-22
EP0447701A1 (fr) 1991-09-25

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