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EP0326391A2 - Ampoules - Google Patents

Ampoules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0326391A2
EP0326391A2 EP19890300773 EP89300773A EP0326391A2 EP 0326391 A2 EP0326391 A2 EP 0326391A2 EP 19890300773 EP19890300773 EP 19890300773 EP 89300773 A EP89300773 A EP 89300773A EP 0326391 A2 EP0326391 A2 EP 0326391A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neck
ampoule
head
funnel
ampoule according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19890300773
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0326391A3 (en
EP0326391B1 (fr
Inventor
Howard 55A Popes Avenue Rose
Ian Gardner Cameron 88 Mount Pleasant Mcaffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waverley Pharmaceutical Ltd
Original Assignee
Waverley Pharmaceutical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10630517&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0326391(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Waverley Pharmaceutical Ltd filed Critical Waverley Pharmaceutical Ltd
Priority to AT89300773T priority Critical patent/ATE90550T1/de
Publication of EP0326391A2 publication Critical patent/EP0326391A2/fr
Publication of EP0326391A3 publication Critical patent/EP0326391A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0326391B1 publication Critical patent/EP0326391B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/06Ampoules or carpules
    • A61J1/067Flexible ampoules, the contents of which are expelled by squeezing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/09Ampoules
    • B65D1/095Ampoules made of flexible material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to plastics ampoules, having snap-off heads, for pharmaceutical use, and especially to ampoules for liquids for injection into a patient.
  • Ampoules are traditionally made of glass, and are widely adopted for sterile storage of liquids intended for pharmaceutical use.
  • glass ampoules can be used for pharmaceutically active solutions for direct injection, as well as for water, saline solution or other liquids which are employed for preparing injections by reconstitution or dilution.
  • a glass ampoule is opened by breaking off the head, leaving an exposed neck with a dangerous cutting edge. There is a high risk that the user, such as a nurse, might cut themselves on the exposed edge, generating a risk of cross-infection. Fragments of glass are also generated and increase this risk. In addition microfragments of glass may intermingle with the liquid in the ampoule, and can thereafter be injected into the patient.
  • a first disposable needle with sheath is fitted on the luer head of a syringe, the sheath is temporarily removed, and the liquid in the ampoule is drawn up into the syringe to a required volume.
  • the needle is normally resheathed and discarded, to be replaced by a second fresh needle of smaller diameter for the actual act of injection. This procedure inevitably includes the risk that the user will stick the needle into himself, further increasing the possibilities for cross-infection.
  • Ampoules made of plastics material such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are known, and are usually moulded, filled and sealed using machines manufactured and solid, for example, by Kocher Corp and Rommelag AG, as well as Weiler Engineering Inc.
  • plastics ampoules are typically made by the blow-fill-seal method, a technique which blow-moulds the ampoule, and then fills and seals it in one continuous operation. This technique minimises the risk of contamination of the ampoule prior to use.
  • the problem of touch-contamination is substantially overcome by the incorporation of a wide neck, leading to the female recess, in the design of the ampoule.
  • the present invention provides a plastics ampoule having an opening comprising a dispensing neck, a removable head being located over the opening, characterised in that the opening further comprises a funnel leading to the neck.
  • the funnel essentially serves to lead the male head of the syringe to engagement with the dispensing neck of the ampoule, optionally a female luer.
  • the shape of the funnel is of little consequence, provided that the male head of the syringe is obliged to pass through the funnel before engaging the neck.
  • the contours of the funnel will normally be rounded to avoid catching and for ease of moulding.
  • the funnel in order to assist the engagement of syringe with neck, it is generally preferable that the funnel has a gradual transition from the wider opening to the narrower neck, rather than having an essentially tubular shape with the neck located in the base wall.
  • the aperture, or target area, of the funnel suitably has an internal cross-sectional area which is at least 3 or 4 times the minimum internal cross-sectional area of the neck.
  • the target area is preferably of circular or generally curved (including oval) shape.
  • the quoted area ratio of 3:1 gives a diameter ratio of ⁇ 3:1.
  • the diameter ratio is more usually >2:1, preferably >2.5..1.
  • the diameter of the target aperture will preferably be from 8 to 16 mm, such as around 12 mm. With a neck diameter of 7 mm, the target area diameter is advantageously around 15 mm.
  • the removable head of the ampoule is preferably a twist-off, or snap-off, head which can be gripped by a user.
  • the portion to be gripped is preferably thin, in the form of a tab or other thin grip.
  • the twist-off head suitably has a moulded surface to facilitate gripping, and preferably extends from a frangible break-line around the target area of the aperture.
  • a twist-off head extends from the break-line to a thin grip, transforming from a circular cross-section to a generally rectangular cross-section through a tapering portion.
  • a snap-off head the head extending from a thin break-line to an angled, rod-like grip, tapering from a wide circular cross-section to a narrower circular cross-section, solid or hollow, at an angle from the vertical. Pulling the rod-like grip towards the vertical exerts stress on the break-line under the grip, breaking off the head.
  • Both of the above embodiments serve to further prevent touch contamination, as the region acted upon by the user to break the seal is remote from the break-line.
  • the removable head is designed so as to enhance the sterility in use.
  • the presence of the head over the target aperture maintains sterility of the internal surface of the aperture, transition zone and neck, until its removal.
  • the head is preferably designed so that the user does not tend to finger the aperture.
  • a flared twist-off head acts as a shield or guard, and the tapering portion minimizes the risk of introducing infection.
  • the neck of the ampoule may be of any shape suitable for mating with the head of a syringe.
  • a luer neck forms one preferred embodiment, a large proportion of syringes having luer heads.
  • a neck wherein adjacent walls are parallel. Ampoules with such necks are easier to manufacture, allow easier mating with the syringe head, and are no less efficient than standardised necks.
  • Other types of neck are also of use, and types of cone will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the ampoules of this invention are typically manufactured by the blow-fill-seal method, although any suitable method may be employed.
  • Thermoformable plastics are preferred, especially polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the frangible membrane, or break-line, connecting the head to the opening may be formed by any means suitable. If the ampoule is formed by the blow-fill-seal method, the break-line is typically formed by the use of a cutter located about the 'blow nozzle'. A cutter external to the ampoule could also be used but tends to be less satisfactory. Other methods of weakening the break-line tend to be more expensive and no better, such as localised radiation.
  • the neck preferably has one or more grooves or other form of channel which prevent a build-up of vacuum within the ampoule as liquid is drawn up into the syringe.
  • the neck has two diametrically opposed channels.
  • the neck is oval in shape, the wider diameter effectively providing the grooves.
  • the dimensions of the ampoules are selected according to requirements. Typical volumes are 10-20ml but volumes ranging considerably beyond these are feasible.
  • the overall proportions shown in the accompanying drawings form preferred embodiments, the measurements being substantially as shown.
  • the plastics ampoule 10 of Figures 1 to 3 has a removable head 12 which removes to reveal a relatively wide aperture 14 leading to a female luer 16 via a transition 18.
  • the relatively wide aperture acts as a docking target for capturing the male luer of a syringe, and funnelling the syringe male luer towards engagement with the ampoule female luer.
  • the aperture 14 at the opened end of the ampoule is of circular cross-section, with an internal diameter of about 12 mm, while the luer has a minimum internal diameter of about 4 mm.
  • the removable head 12 of the ampoule is a twist-off head which can be gripped by a user.
  • the portion 20 to be gripped is relatively thin, and has a moulded surface to facilitate gripping. It extends from a frangible break line 22 around the target area of the aperture, and transforms through a tapering section to a generally rectangular, narrow cross-section.
  • the female luer 16 has two diametrically opposed grooves 24.
  • the head 12 can readily be snapped off from the ampoule to reveal the relatively large aperture for receiving the syringe and funnelling it into luer-to-luer engagement.
  • the circular lead face of the head 12 acts as a shield to prevent contact with the aperture of the fingers gripping the thin part of the head.
  • the two grooves 24 in the female luer serve to prevent a build up of vacuum within the ampoule as liquid is drawn up the syringe.
  • the ampoule of Figures 4 - 6 corresponds to that of Figures 1-3 in essential detail.
  • the neck 26 has parallel walls and is oval in cross-section.
  • the diameters are 5 and 7mm, the larger effectively providing the equivalent of grooves 24 in Figures 1-3.
  • wall 28 provides support means to strengthen the ampoule when the head is removed. Any other suitable strengthening means, if any is required, may be used, for examples, reinforced walls (ribbing or thickened walls).

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
EP19890300773 1988-01-26 1989-01-26 Ampoules Expired - Lifetime EP0326391B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89300773T ATE90550T1 (de) 1988-01-26 1989-01-26 Ampullen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8801655A GB8801655D0 (en) 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 Ampoules
GB8801655 1988-01-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0326391A2 true EP0326391A2 (fr) 1989-08-02
EP0326391A3 EP0326391A3 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0326391B1 EP0326391B1 (fr) 1993-06-16

Family

ID=10630517

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890300773 Expired - Lifetime EP0326391B1 (fr) 1988-01-26 1989-01-26 Ampoules

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4995519A (fr)
EP (1) EP0326391B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE90550T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68907067T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2042990T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB8801655D0 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0344476A3 (en) * 1988-06-01 1990-03-28 Stella Kg Werner Deussen Ampoule
EP0399234A1 (fr) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Hansen Ampoule
WO1991008729A1 (fr) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-27 Ab Astra Flacon a dosage unitaire
DE4230645A1 (de) * 1992-09-12 1994-03-17 Bernd Hansen Ampulle
WO1994018931A1 (fr) * 1993-02-22 1994-09-01 The Boots Company Plc Conditionnement d'un medicament
US5409125A (en) * 1989-12-11 1995-04-25 Aktiebolaget Astra Unit dose container
WO2000016729A1 (fr) 1998-09-22 2000-03-30 Fresenius Kabi Ab Recipient pour administration par voie intraveineuse
EP2062608A3 (fr) * 2007-11-23 2009-06-03 PARI Pharma GmbH Ampoule unidirectionnelle pour un dispositif de production d'aérosols
EP1616549A4 (fr) * 2003-04-23 2011-07-06 Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd Ampoule plastique de remplissage d'une solution medicamenteuse
US9789270B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2017-10-17 Pari Pharma Gmbh Inhalation therapy device comprising an ampoule for storing a medicament to be nebulized
CN110997276A (zh) * 2017-08-05 2020-04-10 科赫尔塑料机械制造有限公司 吹塑成型、填充和闭合方法以及根据该方法制成的容器产品、尤其是安瓿产品

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USD349856S (en) 1990-07-20 1994-08-23 Norden Pac Development Ab Combined bottle and cap
USD326410S (en) 1990-08-29 1992-05-26 True Products Sampling, Inc. Combined cosmetic sample container and stand
USD327008S (en) 1990-08-29 1992-06-16 True Products Sampling, Inc. Cosmetic sample container
CA2086916A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-18 John D. Culter Bouteille flexible avec fermeture integree amelioree
US5188250B1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1994-07-05 Kraft Gen Foods Inc Plastic beverage bottle with twist-off closure
DE4408394C2 (de) * 1994-03-12 1999-06-24 Bernd Hansen Verpackungsmittel für Kontaktlinsen, insbesondere Einwegkontaktlinsen
USD362390S (en) 1994-06-02 1995-09-19 Automatic Liquid Packaging, Inc. Hermetically sealed vial
FR2728456B1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1997-03-21 Instr Medecine Veterinaire Machine de fabrication de doses pretes a l'emploi, de semence animale, et dose de semence realisee par cette machine
USD392184S (en) 1996-02-21 1998-03-17 Automatic Liquid Packaging, Inc. Vial with a frangible closure
US5908124A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-06-01 Owens-Brockway Plastic Products Inc. One piece blow molded plastic squeeze tube with an integral twist off closure
US6171652B1 (en) * 1998-05-26 2001-01-09 Brij P. Singh Method for modifying surfaces with ultra thin films
US5924562A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-07-20 Barth; Dorothea A. Oral hygiene system
US6308747B1 (en) 1998-10-01 2001-10-30 Barry Farris Needleless method and apparatus for transferring liquid from a container to an injecting device without ambient air contamination
US6372816B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2002-04-16 Dentsply Detrey Gmbh Dental materials packaging and method of use
US7100600B2 (en) * 2001-03-20 2006-09-05 Aerogen, Inc. Fluid filled ampoules and methods for their use in aerosolizers
US20040144801A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2004-07-29 Pierson Paul Richard Mixing tip for dental materials
US20050255425A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2005-11-17 Pierson Paul R Mixing tip for dental materials
PT1320355E (pt) 2001-05-18 2006-08-31 Chiron Corp Sistema para administracao de uma formulacao de tobramicina
EP1598059A1 (fr) 2001-05-18 2005-11-23 Chiron Corporation Méthodes et formulations en doses unitaires pour l'administration d'aminoglycosides par inhalation
DE10317665A1 (de) * 2003-04-17 2004-11-11 Bernd Hansen Ampulle
US20040232152A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2004-11-25 Arndt Schimmelmann Safety glass break-seal vessel
US6860405B1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-01 R.P. Scherer Technologies, Inc. Disposable single-use container with indicia bearing portion
USD517207S1 (en) 2003-09-03 2006-03-14 R.P. Scherer Technologies, Inc. Vial
EP1667599B1 (fr) * 2003-09-23 2015-10-21 DENTSPLY International Inc. Composition dentaire sous conditionnement
US20070128297A1 (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-07 Hoang Letrinh Apparatus and method for treatment of nasal congestion
WO2007109684A2 (fr) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-27 Pre Holding, Inc. Système d'emballage sous forme de doses utilisé pour l'administration d'une formulation liquide à titrage charge-dose
US8083102B2 (en) * 2006-04-28 2011-12-27 Pouch Pac Innovations, Llc Flexible pouch with a tube spout fitment and flexible sleeve
USD596740S1 (en) 2006-05-16 2009-07-21 R.P. Scherer Technologies, Inc. Vial
CN101663206B (zh) * 2007-04-27 2011-05-11 大和制罐株式会社 聚酯树脂制带有待破裂部的容器及其制造方法
US8485378B2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2013-07-16 General Mills, Inc. Multi-container packages for dispensing liquid and dry food
WO2009157907A1 (fr) * 2008-06-26 2009-12-30 Garry Tsaur Petit récipient
US20100041622A1 (en) * 2008-08-13 2010-02-18 Bromley Philip J Compositions containing aminoalkanes and aminoalkane derivatives
US20100114016A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Med-Systems, Inc. Device and Method for Washing Nasal Passages of Children
EP2554486A1 (fr) * 2011-08-04 2013-02-06 Nestec S.A. Emballage avec un bec verseur pour produits fluides
WO2014035935A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 Ultradent Products, Inc. Distributeur d'ampoules
US9358738B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-06-07 Biomerieux, Inc. Aseptic blow, fill and seal methods of fabricating test sample containers and associated systems and containers
US9428287B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-08-30 BIOMéRIEUX, INC. Methods of fabricating test sample containers by applying barrier coatings after sealed container sterilization
US9523110B2 (en) 2013-02-15 2016-12-20 Biomerieux, Inc. Culture containers with internal top coating over gas barrier coating and associated methods
US9351517B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-31 Virun, Inc. Formulations of water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E and compositions containing same
US9108777B1 (en) * 2014-03-14 2015-08-18 Soltech International Inc. Child resistant blow-fill seal container
WO2016064594A1 (fr) 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Applicateur de liquide comprenant un corps d'une seule pièce
USD776267S1 (en) 2014-10-24 2017-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Liquid applicator body
USD776266S1 (en) 2014-10-24 2017-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Liquid applicator body
USD777909S1 (en) 2015-07-10 2017-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Liquid applicator body
USD770100S1 (en) * 2015-07-30 2016-10-25 Sheila Ann Burroughs Dog watering device
CA3021989A1 (fr) 2016-04-25 2017-11-02 Marc Andrew Koska Systeme d'administration de medicament
DE102017009012A1 (de) * 2017-09-26 2019-03-28 Kocher-Plastik Maschinenbau Gmbh Behälter sowie Verbindungs- und Herstellvorrichtung
WO2019099954A1 (fr) 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 Koska Family Limited Systèmes et procédés pour distributeurs de fluide
JP7374077B2 (ja) * 2018-03-23 2023-11-06 テルモ株式会社 薬物充填済み合成樹脂製アンプルおよびそれに使用される合成樹脂製アンプル本体
DE102018007991A1 (de) * 2018-10-08 2020-04-09 Kocher-Plastik Maschinenbau Gmbh Behälter
JP2021020739A (ja) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-18 ウェイラー エンジニアリング インコーポレイテッド 熱可塑性材料の気密封止容器
USD1052082S1 (en) 2020-06-01 2024-11-19 Koska Family Limited Sealed fluid container
WO2025248432A1 (fr) * 2024-05-31 2025-12-04 B. Braun Melsungen Ag Produit médical comprenant une ampoule en matériau plastique contenant un médicament neuraxial

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0344476A3 (en) * 1988-06-01 1990-03-28 Stella Kg Werner Deussen Ampoule
EP0399234A1 (fr) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Hansen Ampoule
WO1991008729A1 (fr) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-27 Ab Astra Flacon a dosage unitaire
US5409125A (en) * 1989-12-11 1995-04-25 Aktiebolaget Astra Unit dose container
DE4230645A1 (de) * 1992-09-12 1994-03-17 Bernd Hansen Ampulle
EP0588028A3 (fr) * 1992-09-12 1994-08-03 Hansen Bernd
WO1994018931A1 (fr) * 1993-02-22 1994-09-01 The Boots Company Plc Conditionnement d'un medicament
WO2000016729A1 (fr) 1998-09-22 2000-03-30 Fresenius Kabi Ab Recipient pour administration par voie intraveineuse
EP1616549A4 (fr) * 2003-04-23 2011-07-06 Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd Ampoule plastique de remplissage d'une solution medicamenteuse
US8377029B2 (en) 2003-04-23 2013-02-19 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Drug solution filling plastic ampoule and process for producing the same
US9789270B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2017-10-17 Pari Pharma Gmbh Inhalation therapy device comprising an ampoule for storing a medicament to be nebulized
US11278683B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2022-03-22 Pari Pharma Gmbh Inhalation therapy device comprising an ampoule for storing a medicament to be nebulized
EP2062608A3 (fr) * 2007-11-23 2009-06-03 PARI Pharma GmbH Ampoule unidirectionnelle pour un dispositif de production d'aérosols
US9265900B2 (en) 2007-11-23 2016-02-23 Pari Pharma Gmbh Disposable ampoule for an aerosol generating device
AU2008249155B2 (en) * 2007-11-23 2013-12-12 Pari Pharma Gmbh Disposable Ampoule for an Aerosol Generating Device
US11077263B2 (en) 2007-11-23 2021-08-03 Pari Pharma Gmbh Disposable ampoule for an aerosol generating device
CN101439002B (zh) * 2007-11-23 2013-09-25 百瑞制药有限公司 用于气雾剂生成装置的一次性安瓿
CN110997276A (zh) * 2017-08-05 2020-04-10 科赫尔塑料机械制造有限公司 吹塑成型、填充和闭合方法以及根据该方法制成的容器产品、尤其是安瓿产品

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2042990T3 (es) 1993-12-16
GB8801655D0 (en) 1988-02-24
EP0326391A3 (en) 1990-03-07
DE68907067D1 (de) 1993-07-22
EP0326391B1 (fr) 1993-06-16
ATE90550T1 (de) 1993-07-15
DE68907067T2 (de) 1993-10-28
US4995519A (en) 1991-02-26

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