Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
  • C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups

Definitions

• Mineral oil distillates such as diesel fuel or heating oil contain different amounts of long-chain n-paraffins depending on the provenance of the base crude oil and depending on the processing method in the refinery.
• n-paraffins crystallize when the saturation temperature falls below the orthorhombic crystal lattice in the form of thin trapezoidal or diamond-shaped plates and thin needles. These crystal modifications continue to tend to grow together and agglomerate, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional network.
• the crystallization of the n-paraffins is accompanied by a decrease in fluidity and an increase in viscosity.
• blockages of the filters can occur in diesel engines and combustion systems, which impair safe metering of the fuel and, in the worst case, completely block the fuel supply.
• n-paraffins / flow improvers adducts enable smooth operation of diesel engines and fuel systems even at low temperatures.
• additives or flow improvers mainly copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA copolymers) in various variations are used to improve the low-temperature stability of diesel fuels and heating oil.
• This category includes Middle distillates with a high boiling point (S.E.> 380 ° C).
• the cloud point (CP) of such oils is often significantly above CP: ⁇ 0 ° C.
• the invention relates to polymer mixtures of a copolymer (A1) made of 10-60% by weight vinyl acetate and 40-90% by weight ethylene or a copolymer (A2) made of 15-50% by weight Vinyl acetate, 0.5-20% by weight of C6-C24- ⁇ -olefin and 30 -70% by weight of ethylene and a copolymer (B) of 10-90% by weight of C6-C24- ⁇ -olefin and 10-90 % N-C6-C22-alkylmaleimide, the mixing ratio of the copolymers (A1) or (A2) to (B) being 100: 1 to 1: 1.
• the copolymers mentioned under A1 and A2 are obtained via a high pressure synthesis (reaction pressure: 100-200 MPa; reaction temperature: 120-280 ° C) in a bulk polymerization according to methods known per se.
• the polymer (A1) are preferred those containing 15-40 wt .-% vinyl acetate and correspondingly 60-85 wt .-% ethylene.
• the polymer (A2) preferably contains 20 to 30 wt .-% vinyl acetate and 2 to 5 wt .-% ⁇ -olefin. Polymers of this type are partially described in DE-PS 21 02 469 and are produced by the processes described there.
• the copolymers (B) preferably contain 50% by weight of the ⁇ -olefin and 50% by weight of the N-alkylmaleimide.
• the ⁇ -olefins preferably contain 8-18 C atoms, the alkyl group in the N-alkylmaleimides preferably contains 12-22 C atoms.
• the copolymers mentioned under (B) are obtained by solution polymerization of N-alkylmaleimides and ⁇ -olefins at 120 ° C. using typical radical initiators such as tert-butyl perbenzoate or azobisisobutyronitrile.
• the monomeric maleimide is obtained beforehand by stoichiometric conversion of maleic anhydride and the corresponding amine at 120-150 ° C. using an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene or xylene as an entrainer and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The progress of the reaction can be determined via the acid number.
• the ⁇ -olefin and the free-radical catalyst are then added to this solution and polymerization is carried out by heating to approximately 100-140 ° C.
• this polymerization can also be carried out in the melt without solvent, with the solvent which was required for the preparation of the N-alkylmaleimide was distilled off before the polymerization.
• the average molecular weight of all three copolymers is about 1000 to 10000 g mol ⁇ 1.
• the mixing ratio of the polymers (A1) or (A2) to (B) is 100: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 10: 1 to 6: 1 parts by weight.
• the polymer mixtures according to the invention are produced by simply mixing the individual components.
• the polymer mixtures described are notable for their very broad activity and also enable the cold properties of the problem oils mentioned at the beginning to be improved.
• the polymer mixtures are added to the petroleum distillates in amounts of approximately 10 to 500 ppm.
• Example II.1 200 g of the solution prepared according to Example I.2 are initially charged with 200 g of a mixture of C20-, C22- and C24- ⁇ -olefins and heated to 120 ° C. A mixture of 2 g of t-butylbenzoyl peroxide in 40 g of toluene is added dropwise over 20 minutes and the mixture is then kept at 140 ° C. for a further 2 hours.
• Example II.1 specified rule 200 g of the solution prepared according to Example I.3 with 200 g of C18- ⁇ -olefin (octadecene) and heated to 120 ° C. A mixture of 2 g of AIBN in 40 g of toluene is added dropwise over 20 minutes and the mixture is then kept at 120 ° C. for 2 hours

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=6342734

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (34)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (22)

• 1987
  • 1987-12-16 DE DE19873742630 patent/DE3742630A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1988
  • 1988-12-07 ES ES88120410T patent/ES2061616T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-12-07 DE DE88120410T patent/DE3887115D1/de not_active Revoked
  • 1988-12-07 EP EP88120410A patent/EP0320766B1/fr not_active Revoked
  • 1988-12-14 FI FI885781A patent/FI97234C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-12-14 US US07/284,085 patent/US4985048A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-12-15 NO NO885579A patent/NO174261C/no unknown
  • 1988-12-15 CA CA000585958A patent/CA1337888C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-12-15 JP JP63315202A patent/JP2777810B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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