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EP0318339B1 - Spark-gap arrester with at least one fusible element - Google Patents

Spark-gap arrester with at least one fusible element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0318339B1
EP0318339B1 EP88402577A EP88402577A EP0318339B1 EP 0318339 B1 EP0318339 B1 EP 0318339B1 EP 88402577 A EP88402577 A EP 88402577A EP 88402577 A EP88402577 A EP 88402577A EP 0318339 B1 EP0318339 B1 EP 0318339B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
strip
electrode
fusible element
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88402577A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0318339A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Dorival
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CITEL SAS
Original Assignee
CITEL SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0318339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0318339A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0318339B1 publication Critical patent/EP0318339B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lightning arrester device of the type which includes an external metal envelope delimiting an enclosure which contains a neutral gas, and at least one metal rod forming an electrode and penetrating inside the envelope, means for insulating seals being provided between the rod and the envelope to close the latter, and which comprise, in addition, at least one fusible element capable of establishing a short circuit between the electrode and the envelope when the quantity of energy that the surge arrester must pass exceeds a determined threshold.
  • lightning protection devices are intended to be installed on power supply lines of electronic assemblies, such as telephone exchanges, computer installations, etc., which must be protected against overvoltages liable to seriously damage them. These lightning protection devices are intended to derive such overvoltages which can be caused by external elements such as lightning falling on a supply line.
  • the amount of energy that the arrester must drain exceeds the normal possibilities of the device, so that overheating occurs which can lead to the destruction of the device and the ineffectiveness of the protection provided by a such device.
  • FR-A-2 574 589 shows a lightning arrester device of this type.
  • the fusible element is constituted by a washer mounted at the end of the outer metal casing. This washer is relatively exposed to atmospheric agents which may contain pollutants which may reduce the efficiency of the fuse element.
  • the mounting of said fusible element at the end of the metal casing leads to an increase in the size in the axial direction of the arrester device.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a lightning arrester device of the kind defined above which meets better than hitherto the various requirements of practice and which, in particular, provides better protection of the fusible element or elements against atmospheric agents, under reduced overall dimensions in the axial direction. It is further desirable that the manufacture of such a surge arrester be as simple as possible.
  • a lightning arrester device of the kind defined above is characterized in that the metal casing comprises, in the vicinity of an end receiving an electrode, a housing on its outer wall, housing in which the fusible element is placed , and that a strip of insulating material surrounds said fusible element and the housing, this strip having holes and itself being surrounded by a conductive metal ring electrically connected to the electrode, the assembly being such that in the event of heating of the envelope, the fusible element melts and flows through at least one hole in the insulating strip to establish an electrical short-circuit contact between the envelope and the metal tank connected to the electrode .
  • the size in the axial direction of the arrester is not increased by the presence of at least one fusible element, and this fusible element is well protected against atmospheric agents which could reduce its efficiency.
  • the housing provided on the outer wall of the metal casing is constituted by a annular groove.
  • the fusible element is advantageously formed by a strip of fusible material wound in the annular groove.
  • the thickness of this strip is at most equal to the depth of the groove.
  • the strip of fusible material is advantageously obtained by flattening a wire of circular section usually used for welding electrical components.
  • This kind of fusible element wire comprises a stripping product housed inside micro-channels so as to be sheltered from atmospheric agents and polluting elements.
  • the conductive metal ring electrically connected to the electrode is preferably obtained by winding a metal strip which comprises, substantially at mid-length, a transverse extension intended to be folded at right angles to establish the electrical connection with the electrode; preferably, the metal strip has, at each of its ends, a longitudinal extension, these two extensions being joined together during the winding of the strip to form a pin.
  • said metal casing comprises in the vicinity from each of its ends, on its outer wall, a housing, in particular an annular groove, for receiving the fusible element, which is surrounded by a strip of insulating material, said strip had holes and being itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring electrically connected to the associated electrode, the assembly being such that in the event of the envelope heating, at least one fusible element melts and flows through at least one hole in the insulating strip corresponding to establish an electrical short-circuit contact between the envelope and the metal ring connected to the electrode.
  • the invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of a certain number of other arrangements which will be more explicitly discussed below in connection with a particular embodiment described in detail with reference to the drawing below. annexed, but which is in no way limiting.
  • Figure 1 of this drawing is an elevational view, with cut parts and torn part of a three-pole type arrester device, according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 finally, is a developed view of a metal strip intended to form a ring with connection to an electrode.
  • a lightning arrester D for the protection of a circuit or an installation against an overvoltage.
  • This device comprises an outer metal casing 1 delimiting an enclosure 2 containing an inert gas under controlled pressure.
  • This gas can be argon and the pressure can be lower or higher than atmospheric pressure.
  • the casing 1 is constituted by a metallic cylinder of revolution.
  • the device D is of the three-pole type and provided, at each end of the envelope 1, with a metal rod 3a, 3b forming an electrode and penetrating inside the envelope 1.
  • the electrodes 3a, 3b are aligned and arranged coaxially in the envelope 1.
  • the ends of the electrodes located inside the envelope 1 are spaced from one another in the axial direction.
  • Insulating sealing means 4 are provided between each rod 3a and 3b and the casing 1 to close the corresponding end of the latter; these sealing means 4 may include a glass bead or equivalent means.
  • the lightning arrester D further comprises less, a fusible element 5 for establishing a short circuit between an electrode and the casing 1 when the amount of energy which the arrester D must flow exceeds a pre-determined threshold.
  • the metal casing comprises, in the vicinity of each of its ends receiving an electrode, a housing L provided on its outer wall, housing in which the fuse element 5 is placed.
  • this housing L is formed by an annular groove 6 provided in the outer wall of the envelope 1 and located in the vicinity of each end.
  • This groove 6 is separated from said end by a cylinder shoulder 7 whose outside diameter is the same as that of the envelope 1.
  • the depth of the housing L is sufficient so that the fusible element 5 does not protrude relative to the outer surface of the envelope 1.
  • the depth of this housing is equal to the difference between the external radius of the envelope 1 and the radius of the bottom of the groove 6.
  • the fusible element 5 is advantageously formed by a strip 8 of fusible material wound in the annular groove 6.
  • the length of this strip 8 is chosen to be equal to the circumference of the bottom of the groove 6 and such that the wound strip 8 forms a cylindrical crown, entirely housed in the groove 6 and the ends of which come end to end.
  • This strip 8 is preferably obtained by flattening a wire of circular cross section usually used for soldering electrical components and consisting, for example, of a lead-tin eutectic alloy.
  • a welding wire contains pickling product located in micro-channels and isolated from the atmosphere. Consequently, the strip 8 obtained by flattening the wire also contains stripper housed in micro-channels; this stripper is thus sheltered from polluting atmospheric agents and retains all its effectiveness to intervene at the time of the fusion of the band 8.
  • Each fuse element 5 is surrounded by a strip 9 of insulating material, said strip comprising holes 10 ⁇ distributed along its entire length.
  • the strip 9 is advantageously made of polyimide material having a high insulating power.
  • the insulating strip 9 is wound around the fusible element 5 so as to form a sort of cylindrical crown.
  • the width h of this strip 9, which corresponds to the axial length of the crown formed from the wound strip, is greater than the width f of the groove 6 and the fusible element 5.
  • the strip 9 can completely cover the element 5 and the groove 6 and extend beyond the groove on either side of the latter to establish good insulation.
  • the insulating strip 9 is itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring 11, electrically connected to the electrode 3a, or 3b of the end considered.
  • Each metal ring 11 is advantageously obtained by winding a flat metal strip 12 (FIG. 2) which comprises, at mid-length, a transverse extension 13 intended to be folded substantially at right angles, radially inward, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • This extension 13 comprises, towards its end remote from the middle part of the strip 12, a hole 14 intended to be crossed by the associated electrode (see FIG. 1), a weld 15 being produced at the level of this hole between the electrode and the extension 13 to ensure good electrical continuity.
  • the extension 13 could comprise, in place of the hole 14, a tongue cut along two large sides orthogonal to the mean direction of the strip 12, adjoining along a small side to an area of the extension 13 and the other small side of which is in the alignment of the edge of the extension 13 away from the strip 12.
  • this tab would be folded substantially at a right angle outward to apply and be welded to the electrode 3 a .
  • the strip 12 At each of its longitudinal ends, the strip 12, as visible in FIG. 2, comprises, along its edge furthest from the part 13, two extensions 16, 17, of width less than that of the strip 12.
  • the two extensions 16, 17 When said strip 12 is wound in a cylindrical ring, the two extensions 16, 17 are placed in the diametrical plane of symmetry for the folded part 13 and are joined to each other so as to form a pin 18a, 18b respectively, electrically connected to the corresponding electrode 3a, 3b.
  • These pins 18a, 18b are intended to be plugged into a base (not shown), allowing the insertion of the device D in a line connected to an installation to be protected.
  • the metal casing 1 is connected to ground, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the operation of the lightning arrester D is as follows.
  • the arrester D When the arrester D is subjected to an overvoltage and must ensure the flow of an amount of energy greater than a determined threshold, heating of the casing 1 occurs. This heating is transmitted to the fusible elements 5 provided at each end of the envelope. When one of these elements 5 reaches its melting temperature, it turns into a liquid and can flow through certain holes 10 ⁇ to establish an electrical connection between the casing 1 and the metal ring 11, therefore with the corresponding electrode.
  • the pickling product included in the fuse element 5 contributes to establishing good electrical contact and an effective weld during cooling.
  • a short circuit is thus established between the envelope 1 and at least one of the electrodes 3a, 3b, which makes it possible to derive the excess electrical energy to flow out.
  • the lightning arrester D is preferably arranged with its axis substantially horizontal as shown in FIG. 1, but it would be possible to mount it differently because the fusible element 5 is practically enclosed in a volume limited by the groove 6 and the insulating strip 11 and can flow in case of fusion, only through the holes 10 ⁇ to come into contact with the ring 11.
  • the device D according to the invention is of reduced bulk in the axial direction since the fusible elements 5 are located on the external face of the envelope 1.
  • Each fusible element 5 is well protected against the external atmosphere. The absorption of moisture from the air by this fusible element and the stripping product which it may contain is practically prevented, which reduces the risks of deterioration of the stripping product.
  • the short circuit established with a device D according to the invention is established under good conditions and effectively.
  • the embodiment described relates to a three-pole device. It is clear that the invention can also be applied to a bipolar device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

The lightning arrester device comprises an external metal casing (1) defining an enclosure (2) containing a neutral gas, and at least one metal rod (3a, 3b) forming an electrode and penetrating into the interior of the casing, insulating sealing means (4) being provided between the rod and the casing in order to close said casing, and comprising, moreover, at least one fusible element (5) adapted to create a short circuit between the electrode (3a, 3b) and the casing (1) when the quantity of energy to be diverted by the lightning arrester device exceeds a specified threshold. On its external wall, near one of its ends receiving an electrode (3a, 3b), the metal casing (1) comprises a housing (L), the fusible element (5) being disposed in said housing, and a strip (9) of insulating material surrounds said fusible element and the housing, said strip (9) comprising holes (10) and being itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring (11) electrically connected to the electrode, the whole unit being such that when there is a rise in temperature in the casing, the fusible element (5) begins to melt and flows through at least one hole (10) in the insulating strip to create a short circuit electrical contact between the casing (1) and the metal ring (11) connected to the electrode.

Description

L'invention est relative à un dispositif parafoudre du genre de ceux qui comportent une enveloppe métallique extérieure délimitant une enceinte qui contient un gaz neutre, et au moins une tige métallique formant électrode et pénétrant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, des moyens d'étanchéité isolants étant prévus entre la tige et l'enveloppe pour fermer cette dernière, et qui comportent, en outre, au moins un élément fusible propre à établir un court-circuit entre l'électrode et l'enveloppe lorsque la quantité d'énergie que doit écouler le dispositif parafoudre dépasse un seuil déterminé.The invention relates to a lightning arrester device of the type which includes an external metal envelope delimiting an enclosure which contains a neutral gas, and at least one metal rod forming an electrode and penetrating inside the envelope, means for insulating seals being provided between the rod and the envelope to close the latter, and which comprise, in addition, at least one fusible element capable of establishing a short circuit between the electrode and the envelope when the quantity of energy that the surge arrester must pass exceeds a determined threshold.

On sait que de tels dispositifs parafoudre sont destinés à être installés sur des lignes d'alimentation d'ensembles électroniques, tels que centraux téléphoniques, installations informatiques, etc, qui doivent être protégés contre des surtensions susceptibles de les endommager gravement. Ces dispositifs parafoudre sont destinés à dériver de telles surtensions qui peuvent être provoquées par des éléments extérieurs tels que la foudre tombant sur une ligne d'alimentation.It is known that such lightning protection devices are intended to be installed on power supply lines of electronic assemblies, such as telephone exchanges, computer installations, etc., which must be protected against overvoltages liable to seriously damage them. These lightning protection devices are intended to derive such overvoltages which can be caused by external elements such as lightning falling on a supply line.

Dans certains cas exceptionnels, la quantité d'énergie que le dispositif parafoudre doit écouler dépasse les possibiliés normales du dispositif, de telle sorte qu'un échauffement se produit pouvant conduire à la destruction du dispositif et à l'inefficacité de la protection assurée par un tel dispositif. On a donc pensé à introduire, dans le dispositif parafoudre, au moins un élément fusible propre à établir un court-circuit entre l'électrode et l'enveloppe lorsqu'un tel échauffement du dispositif parafoudre se produit par suite d'une quantité d'énergie trop importante à écouler.In some exceptional cases, the amount of energy that the arrester must drain exceeds the normal possibilities of the device, so that overheating occurs which can lead to the destruction of the device and the ineffectiveness of the protection provided by a such device. We have therefore thought of introducing, into the arrester device, at least one fuse element capable of establishing a short circuit between the electrode and the envelope when such overheating of the arrester device occurs as a result of an amount of too much energy to drain.

FR-A-2 574 589 montre un dispositif parafoudre de ce type. Dans un tel dispositif, l'élément fusible est constitué par une rondelle montée en bout de l'enveloppe métallique extérieure. Cette rondelle est relativement exposée aux agents atmosphériques qui peuvent contenir des polluants susceptibles de réduire l'efficacité de l'élément fusible. En outre, le montage dudit élément fusible en bout de l'enveloppe métallique conduit à une augmentation de l'encombrement suivant la direction axiale du dispositif parafoudre.FR-A-2 574 589 shows a lightning arrester device of this type. In such a device, the fusible element is constituted by a washer mounted at the end of the outer metal casing. This washer is relatively exposed to atmospheric agents which may contain pollutants which may reduce the efficiency of the fuse element. In addition, the mounting of said fusible element at the end of the metal casing leads to an increase in the size in the axial direction of the arrester device.

L' invention a pour but surtout de fournir un dispositif parafoudre du genre défini précédemment qui réponde mieux que jusqu'à présent aux diverses exigences de la pratique et qui, notamment, assure une meilleure protection du ou des éléments fusibles contre les agents atmosphériques, sous un encombrement réduit suivant la direction axiale. Il est souhaitable, en outre, que la fabrication d'un tel dispositif parafoudre soit aussi simple que possible.The main object of the invention is to provide a lightning arrester device of the kind defined above which meets better than hitherto the various requirements of practice and which, in particular, provides better protection of the fusible element or elements against atmospheric agents, under reduced overall dimensions in the axial direction. It is further desirable that the manufacture of such a surge arrester be as simple as possible.

Selon l'invention, un dispositif parafoudre du genre défini précédemment est caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe métallique comporte, au voisinage d'une extrémité recevant une électrode, un logement sur sa paroi extérieure, logement dans lequel est placé l'élément fusible, et qu'une bande de matériau isolant entoure ledit élément fusible et le logement, cette bande comportant des trous et étant elle-même entourée par une bague métallique conductrice reliée électriquement à l'électrode, l'ensemble étant tel qu'en cas d'échauffement de l'enveloppe, l'élément fusible entre en fusion et s'écoule à travers au moins un trou de la bande isolante pour établir un contact électrique de court-circuit entre l'enveloppe et la baque métallique reliée à l'éléctrode.According to the invention, a lightning arrester device of the kind defined above is characterized in that the metal casing comprises, in the vicinity of an end receiving an electrode, a housing on its outer wall, housing in which the fusible element is placed , and that a strip of insulating material surrounds said fusible element and the housing, this strip having holes and itself being surrounded by a conductive metal ring electrically connected to the electrode, the assembly being such that in the event of heating of the envelope, the fusible element melts and flows through at least one hole in the insulating strip to establish an electrical short-circuit contact between the envelope and the metal tank connected to the electrode .

Ainsi, selon l'invention, l'encombrement suivant la direction axiale du dispositif parafoudre n'est pas augmentée par la présence d'au moins un élément fusible, et cet élément fusible est bien protégé contre les agents atmosphériques qui pourraient réduire son efficacité.Thus, according to the invention, the size in the axial direction of the arrester is not increased by the presence of at least one fusible element, and this fusible element is well protected against atmospheric agents which could reduce its efficiency.

De préférence, le logement prévu sur la paroi extérieure de l'enveloppe métallique est constituée par une gorge annulaire.Preferably, the housing provided on the outer wall of the metal casing is constituted by a annular groove.

L'élément fusible est avantageusement formé par une bande de matériau fusible enroulée dans la gorge annulaire. L'épaisseur de cette bande est au plus égale à la profondeur de la gorge.The fusible element is advantageously formed by a strip of fusible material wound in the annular groove. The thickness of this strip is at most equal to the depth of the groove.

La bande de matériau fusible est avantageusement obtenue par aplatissement d'un fil de section circulaire utilisé habituellement pour le soudage de composants électriques. Ce genre de fil d'élément fusible comporte un produit décapant logé à l'intérieur de micro-canaux de manière à se trouver à l'abri des agents atmosphériques et des éléments polluants.The strip of fusible material is advantageously obtained by flattening a wire of circular section usually used for welding electrical components. This kind of fusible element wire comprises a stripping product housed inside micro-channels so as to be sheltered from atmospheric agents and polluting elements.

La bague métallique conductrice reliée électriquement à l'électrode est obtenue, de préférence, par enroulement d'une bande métallique qui comporte, sensiblement à mi-longueur, un prolongement transversal destiné à être replié à angle droit pour établir la liaison électrique avec l'électrode ; de préférence, la bande métallique comporte, à chacune de ses extrémités, un prolongement longitudinal, ces deux prolongements se trouvant réunis lors de l'enroulement de la bande pour constituer une broche.The conductive metal ring electrically connected to the electrode is preferably obtained by winding a metal strip which comprises, substantially at mid-length, a transverse extension intended to be folded at right angles to establish the electrical connection with the electrode; preferably, the metal strip has, at each of its ends, a longitudinal extension, these two extensions being joined together during the winding of the strip to form a pin.

Dans le cas d'un dispositif parafoudre de type tripolaire, comprenant deux électrodes de ligne, à savoir une électrode associée à chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe métallique extérieure, cette dernière étant destinée à être reliée à la masse, ladite enveloppe métallique comporte au voisinage de chacune de ses extrémités, sur sa paroi extérieure, un logement, notamment une gorge annulaire, pour recevoir l'élément fusible, lequel est entouré par une bande de matériau isolant, ladite bande comportait des trous et étant elle-même entourée d'une bague métallique conductrice reliée électriquement à l'électrode associée, l'ensemble étant tel qu'en cas d'échauffement de l'enveloppe, au moins un élément fusible entre en fusion et s'écoule à travers au moins un trou de la bande isolante correspondante pour établir un contact électrique de court-circuit entre l'enveloppe et la bague métallique reliée à l'électrode.In the case of a three-pole surge arrester device, comprising two line electrodes, namely an electrode associated with each end of the outer metal casing, the latter being intended to be connected to ground, said metal casing comprises in the vicinity from each of its ends, on its outer wall, a housing, in particular an annular groove, for receiving the fusible element, which is surrounded by a strip of insulating material, said strip had holes and being itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring electrically connected to the associated electrode, the assembly being such that in the event of the envelope heating, at least one fusible element melts and flows through at least one hole in the insulating strip corresponding to establish an electrical short-circuit contact between the envelope and the metal ring connected to the electrode.

L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en un certain nombre d'autres dispositions dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après à propos d'un mode de réalisation particulier décrit en détail avec référence au dessin ci-annexé, mais qui n'est nullement limitatif.The invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of a certain number of other arrangements which will be more explicitly discussed below in connection with a particular embodiment described in detail with reference to the drawing below. annexed, but which is in no way limiting.

La figure 1 de ce dessin, est une vue en élévation, avec parties coupées et partie arrachée d'un dispositif parafoudre de type tripolaire, conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 of this drawing is an elevational view, with cut parts and torn part of a three-pole type arrester device, according to the invention.

La figure 2, enfin, est une vue développée d'une bande métallique destinée à former une bague avec raccordement à une électrode.Figure 2, finally, is a developed view of a metal strip intended to form a ring with connection to an electrode.

En se reportant au dessin, notamment, à la figure 1, on peut voir un dispositif parafoudre D pour la protection d'un circuit ou d'une installation contre une surtension. Ce dispositif comprend une enveloppe métallique extérieure 1 délimitant une enceinte 2 contenant un gaz inerte sous pression contrôlée. Ce gaz peut-être de l'argon et la pression être inférieure ou supérieure à la pression atmosphérique. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'enveloppe 1 est constituée par un cylindre métallique de révolution. Le dispositif D est du type tripolaire et muni, a chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe 1, d'une tige métallique 3a, 3b formant une électrode et pénétrant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 1. Les électrodes 3a, 3b sont alignées et disposées coaxialement dans l'enveloppe 1. Les extrémités des électrodes situées à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 1, sont écartées l'une de l'autre suivant la direction axiale.Referring to the drawing, in particular, in Figure 1, one can see a lightning arrester D for the protection of a circuit or an installation against an overvoltage. This device comprises an outer metal casing 1 delimiting an enclosure 2 containing an inert gas under controlled pressure. This gas can be argon and the pressure can be lower or higher than atmospheric pressure. In the example shown, the casing 1 is constituted by a metallic cylinder of revolution. The device D is of the three-pole type and provided, at each end of the envelope 1, with a metal rod 3a, 3b forming an electrode and penetrating inside the envelope 1. The electrodes 3a, 3b are aligned and arranged coaxially in the envelope 1. The ends of the electrodes located inside the envelope 1 are spaced from one another in the axial direction.

Des moyens d'étanchéité 4 isolants sont prévus entre chaque tige 3a et 3b et l'enveloppe 1 pour fermer l'extrémité correspondante de cette dernière ; ces moyens d'étanchéité 4 peuvent comprendre une perle de verre ou un moyen équivalent.Insulating sealing means 4 are provided between each rod 3a and 3b and the casing 1 to close the corresponding end of the latter; these sealing means 4 may include a glass bead or equivalent means.

Le dispositif parafoudre D comporte, en outre, au moins, un élément fusible 5 pour établir un court-circuit entre une électrode et l'enveloppe 1 lorsque la quantité d'énergie que doit écouler le parafoudre D dépasse un seuil préterminé.The lightning arrester D further comprises less, a fusible element 5 for establishing a short circuit between an electrode and the casing 1 when the amount of energy which the arrester D must flow exceeds a pre-determined threshold.

L'enveloppe métallique comporte au voisinage de chacune de ses extrémités recevant une électrode, un logement L prévu sur sa paroi extérieure, logement dans lequel est placé l'élément fusible 5.The metal casing comprises, in the vicinity of each of its ends receiving an electrode, a housing L provided on its outer wall, housing in which the fuse element 5 is placed.

Avantageusement, ce logement L est consitué par une gorge annulaire 6 prévue dans la paroi extérieure de l'enveloppe 1 et située au voisinage de chaque extrémité. Cette gorge 6 est séparée de ladite extrémité par un épaulement cylindre 7 dont le diamètre extérieure est le même que celui de l'enveloppe 1. La profondeur du logement L est suffisante pour que l'élément fusible 5 ne fasse pas saillie par rapport à la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe 1. Dans le cas où le logement L est formé par une gorge annulaire 6, la profondeur de ce logement est égale à la différence entre le rayon extérieur de l'enveloppe 1 et le rayon du fond de la gorge 6.Advantageously, this housing L is formed by an annular groove 6 provided in the outer wall of the envelope 1 and located in the vicinity of each end. This groove 6 is separated from said end by a cylinder shoulder 7 whose outside diameter is the same as that of the envelope 1. The depth of the housing L is sufficient so that the fusible element 5 does not protrude relative to the outer surface of the envelope 1. In the case where the housing L is formed by an annular groove 6, the depth of this housing is equal to the difference between the external radius of the envelope 1 and the radius of the bottom of the groove 6.

L'élément fusible 5 est avantageusement formé par une bande 8 de matériau fusible enroulée dans la gorge annulaire 6. La longueur de cette bande 8 est choisie égale à la circonférence du fond de la gorge 6 et telle sorte que la bande 8 enroulée forme une couronne cylindrique, entièrement logée dans la gorge 6 et dont les extrémités viennent bout à bout.The fusible element 5 is advantageously formed by a strip 8 of fusible material wound in the annular groove 6. The length of this strip 8 is chosen to be equal to the circumference of the bottom of the groove 6 and such that the wound strip 8 forms a cylindrical crown, entirely housed in the groove 6 and the ends of which come end to end.

Cette bande 8 est de préférence obtenue par aplatissement d'un fil de section circulaire utilisé habituellement pour la soudure de composants électriques et constitué, par exemple, par un alliage eutectique plomb-étain. Un tel fil de soudure contient du produit décapant situé dans des micro-canaux et isolés de l'atmosphère. En conséquence, la bande 8 obtenue par aplatissement du fil contient également du décapant logé dans de micro-canaux ; ce décapant se trouve ainsi à l'abri des agents atmosphériques polluants et conserve toute son efficacité pour intervenir au moment de la fusion de la bande 8.This strip 8 is preferably obtained by flattening a wire of circular cross section usually used for soldering electrical components and consisting, for example, of a lead-tin eutectic alloy. Such a welding wire contains pickling product located in micro-channels and isolated from the atmosphere. Consequently, the strip 8 obtained by flattening the wire also contains stripper housed in micro-channels; this stripper is thus sheltered from polluting atmospheric agents and retains all its effectiveness to intervene at the time of the fusion of the band 8.

Chaque élément fusible 5 est entouré par une bande 9 de matériau isolant, ladite bande comportant des trous 10̸ répartis suivant toute sa longueur. La bande 9 est avantageusement réalisée en matière polyimide ayant un pouvoir isolant élevé.Each fuse element 5 is surrounded by a strip 9 of insulating material, said strip comprising holes 10̸ distributed along its entire length. The strip 9 is advantageously made of polyimide material having a high insulating power.

Comme visible sur le dessin, la bande isolante 9 est enroulée autour de d'élément fusible 5 de manière à former une sorte de couronne cylindrique. La largeur h de cette bande 9, qui correspond à la longueur axiale de la couronne formée à partir de la bande enroulée, est supérieure à la largeur f de la gorge 6 et l'élément fusible 5. Ainsi, la bande 9 peut recouvrir totalement l'élément 5 et la gorge 6 et s'étendre au-delà de la gorge de part et d'autre de cette dernière pour établir une bonne isolation.As can be seen in the drawing, the insulating strip 9 is wound around the fusible element 5 so as to form a sort of cylindrical crown. The width h of this strip 9, which corresponds to the axial length of the crown formed from the wound strip, is greater than the width f of the groove 6 and the fusible element 5. Thus, the strip 9 can completely cover the element 5 and the groove 6 and extend beyond the groove on either side of the latter to establish good insulation.

La bande isolante 9 est elle-même entourée par une bague métallique 11 conductrice, reliée électriquement à l'électrode 3a, ou 3b de l'extrémité considérée.The insulating strip 9 is itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring 11, electrically connected to the electrode 3a, or 3b of the end considered.

Chaque bague métallique 11 est avantageusement obtenue par enroulement d'une bande métallique plane 12 (figure 2) qui comporte, à mi-longueur, un prolongement transversal 13 destiné à être replié sensiblement à angle droit, radialement vers l'intérieur, comme représenté sur la figure 1. Ce prolongement 13 comporte, vers son extrêmité éloignée de la partie moyenne de la bande 12, un trou 14 destiné à être traversé par l'électrode associée (voir figure 1), une soudure 15 étant réalisée au niveau de ce trou entre l'électrode et le prolongement 13 pour assurer une bonne continuité électrique.Each metal ring 11 is advantageously obtained by winding a flat metal strip 12 (FIG. 2) which comprises, at mid-length, a transverse extension 13 intended to be folded substantially at right angles, radially inward, as shown in FIG. 1. This extension 13 comprises, towards its end remote from the middle part of the strip 12, a hole 14 intended to be crossed by the associated electrode (see FIG. 1), a weld 15 being produced at the level of this hole between the electrode and the extension 13 to ensure good electrical continuity.

Le prolongement 13 pourrait comporter, à la place du trou 14, une languette découpée suivant deux grands côtés orthogonaux à la direction moyenne de la bande 12, attenante suivant un petit côté à une zone du prolongement 13 et dont l'autre petit côté serait dans l'alignement du bord du prolongement 13 éloigné de la bande 12. Lors du rabattement du prolongement 13, cette languette serait repliée sensiblement à angle droit vers l'extérieur pour s'appliquer et être soudée sur l'électrode 3a.The extension 13 could comprise, in place of the hole 14, a tongue cut along two large sides orthogonal to the mean direction of the strip 12, adjoining along a small side to an area of the extension 13 and the other small side of which is in the alignment of the edge of the extension 13 away from the strip 12. When the extension 13, this tab would be folded substantially at a right angle outward to apply and be welded to the electrode 3 a .

A chacune de ses extrémités longitudinales, la bande 12, comme visible sur la figure 2, comporte, suivant son bord le plus éloigné de la partie 13, deux prolongements 16, 17, de largeur inférieure à celle de la bande 12. Lorsque ladite bande 12 est enroulée suivant une bague cylindrique, les deux prolongements 16, 17 sont placés dans le plan diamétral de symétrie pour la partie rabattue 13 et sont réunis l'un à l'autre de manière à former une broche respectivement 18a, 18b, reliée électriquement à l'électrode correspondante 3a, 3b. Ces broches 18a, 18b, sont destinées à être enfichées dans un socle non représenté, permettant l'insertion du dispositif D dans une ligne reliée à une installation à protéger. L'enveloppe métallique 1 est reliée à la masse, comme schématiquement représentée sur la figure 1.At each of its longitudinal ends, the strip 12, as visible in FIG. 2, comprises, along its edge furthest from the part 13, two extensions 16, 17, of width less than that of the strip 12. When said strip 12 is wound in a cylindrical ring, the two extensions 16, 17 are placed in the diametrical plane of symmetry for the folded part 13 and are joined to each other so as to form a pin 18a, 18b respectively, electrically connected to the corresponding electrode 3a, 3b. These pins 18a, 18b, are intended to be plugged into a base (not shown), allowing the insertion of the device D in a line connected to an installation to be protected. The metal casing 1 is connected to ground, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.

Ceci étant, le fonctionnement du dispositif parafoudre D est le suivant.That said, the operation of the lightning arrester D is as follows.

Lorsque le parafoudre D est soumis à une surtension et doit assurer l'écoulement d'une quantité d'énergie supérieure à un seuil déterminé, un échauffement de l'enveloppe 1 se produit. Cet échauffement est transmis aux éléments fusibles 5 prévus à chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe. Lorsque l'un de ces éléments 5 atteint sa température de fusion, il se transforme en liquide et peut s'écouler à travers certains de trous 10̸ pour établir une liaison électrique entre l'enveloppe 1 et la bague métallique 11, donc avec l'électrode correspondante. Le produit décapant inclus dans l'élément fusible 5 contribue à établir un bon contact électrique et une soudure efficace lors du refroidissement.When the arrester D is subjected to an overvoltage and must ensure the flow of an amount of energy greater than a determined threshold, heating of the casing 1 occurs. This heating is transmitted to the fusible elements 5 provided at each end of the envelope. When one of these elements 5 reaches its melting temperature, it turns into a liquid and can flow through certain holes 10̸ to establish an electrical connection between the casing 1 and the metal ring 11, therefore with the corresponding electrode. The pickling product included in the fuse element 5 contributes to establishing good electrical contact and an effective weld during cooling.

Un court-circuit est ainsi établi entre l'enveloppe 1 et au moins l'une des électrodes 3a, 3b, ce qui permet de dériver le surplus d'énergie électrique à écouler.A short circuit is thus established between the envelope 1 and at least one of the electrodes 3a, 3b, which makes it possible to derive the excess electrical energy to flow out.

Le dispositif parafoudre D est de préférence disposé avec son axe sensiblement horizontal comme représenté sur la figure 1, mais il serait possible de le monter différemment car l'élément fusible 5 est pratiquement enfermé dans un volume limité par la gorge 6 et la bande isolante 11 et ne peut s'écouler en cas de fusion, que par les trous 10̸ pour entrer en contact avec la bague 11.The lightning arrester D is preferably arranged with its axis substantially horizontal as shown in FIG. 1, but it would be possible to mount it differently because the fusible element 5 is practically enclosed in a volume limited by the groove 6 and the insulating strip 11 and can flow in case of fusion, only through the holes 10̸ to come into contact with the ring 11.

Le dispositif D conforme à l'invention est d'un encombrement réduit suivant la direction axiale puisque les éléments fusibles 5 sont situés sur la face extérieure de l'enveloppe 1. Chaque élément fusible 5 est bien protégé contre l'atmosphère extérieure. L'absorption de l'humidité de l'air par cet élément fusible et le produit décapant qu'il peut contenir se trouve pratiquement empêchée ce qui réduit les risques de déterioration du produit décapant.The device D according to the invention is of reduced bulk in the axial direction since the fusible elements 5 are located on the external face of the envelope 1. Each fusible element 5 is well protected against the external atmosphere. The absorption of moisture from the air by this fusible element and the stripping product which it may contain is practically prevented, which reduces the risks of deterioration of the stripping product.

Le court-circuit établi avec un dispositif D conforme à l' invention s'établit dans de bonnes conditions et de manière efficace.The short circuit established with a device D according to the invention is established under good conditions and effectively.

La réalisation décrite concerne un dispositif tripolaire. Il est clair que l' invention peut s'appliquer également à un dispositif bipolaire.The embodiment described relates to a three-pole device. It is clear that the invention can also be applied to a bipolar device.

Claims (8)

  1. Spark-gap arrester device comprising an external metal casing (1) defining an enclosure (2) containing a neutral gas and at least one metal rod (3a, 3b) forming an electrode and penetrating into the interior of the casing, insulating sealing means (4) being provided between the rod and the casing in order to close said casing, and comprising, moreover, at least one fusible element (5) adapted to create a short circuit between the electrode (3a, 3b) and the casing (1) when the quantity of energy to be diverted by the spark-gap arrester device exceeds a specified threshold, characterised in that on its external wall, near one end receiving an electrode (3a, 3b), the metal casing (1) comprises a housing (L), the fusible element (5) being disposed in said housing, and in that a strip (9) of insulating material surrounds said fusible element and the housing, said strip (9) comprising holes (10) and being itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring (11) electrically connected to the electrode, the whole unit being such that, when there is a rise in temperature in the casing, the fusible element (5) begins to melt and flows through at least one hole (10) in the insulating strip to create a short circuit electrical contact between the casing (1) and the metal ring (11) connected to the electrode.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (L) provided on the external wall of the metal casing (1) consists of an annular groove (6).
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the fusible element (5) is formed by a strip (8) of fusible material coiled up in the annular groove (6).
  4. Device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the thickness of the strip (8) of fusible material is no greater than the depth of the groove (6).
  5. Device according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the strip (8) of fusible material is obtained by flattening a wire of circular section normally used for soldering electrical components, said wire comprising a cleaning product housed within microchannels.
  6. Device according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the conductive metal ring (11) electrically connected to the electrode is obtained by coiling a metal strip (12) which comprises, approximately halfway along its length, a transverse extension (13) adapted to be bent back at a right angle to make the electrical connection with the electrode.
  7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the metal strip (12) comprises, at each of its ends, a longitudinal extension (16, 17), these two extensions meeting to form a pin (18a, 18b) when the strip (12) is coiled.
  8. Spark-gap arrester device of the tripolar type according to any of the previous claims, comprising two line electrodes (3a, 3b), i.e. one electrode associated with each end of the external metal casing (1), said metal casing being adapted to be connected to earth, characterised in that on its external wall, near each of its ends, said metal casing (1) comprises a housing (L), in particular an annular groove (6), for receiving the fusible element (5), which is surrounded by a strip (9) of insulating material, said strip comprising holes (10) and being itself surrounded by a conductive metal ring (11) electrically connected to the associated electrode (3a, 3b), the whole unit being such that, when there is a rise in temperature in the casing, at least one fusible element (5) begins to melt and flows through at least one hole (10) in the corresponding insulating strip (9) in order to create a short circuit electrical contact between the casing (1) and the metal ring (11) connected to the electrode.
EP88402577A 1987-10-16 1988-10-12 Spark-gap arrester with at least one fusible element Expired - Lifetime EP0318339B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8714299 1987-10-16
FR8714299A FR2622047B1 (en) 1987-10-16 1987-10-16 SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE FUSE ELEMENT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0318339A1 EP0318339A1 (en) 1989-05-31
EP0318339B1 true EP0318339B1 (en) 1993-01-13

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EP88402577A Expired - Lifetime EP0318339B1 (en) 1987-10-16 1988-10-12 Spark-gap arrester with at least one fusible element

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US (1) US4866561A (en)
EP (1) EP0318339B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3877534D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2037261T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2622047B1 (en)

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US8743525B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2014-06-03 Raycap Intellectual Property, Ltd Overvoltage protection devices including wafer of varistor material
US9906017B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-02-27 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Modular overvoltage protection units
US10319545B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-06-11 Iskra Za{hacek over (s)}{hacek over (c)}ite d.o.o. Surge protective device modules and DIN rail device systems including same
US10447026B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2019-10-15 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Devices for active overvoltage protection
US10707678B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-07-07 Ripd Research And Ip Development Ltd. Overvoltage protection device including multiple varistor wafers
US10340110B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-07-02 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules including integral thermal disconnect mechanisms and methods including same
US10685767B2 (en) 2017-09-14 2020-06-16 Raycap IP Development Ltd Surge protective device modules and systems including same
US11223200B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2022-01-11 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same
US11862967B2 (en) 2021-09-13 2024-01-02 Raycap, S.A. Surge protective device assembly modules
US11723145B2 (en) 2021-09-20 2023-08-08 Raycap IP Development Ltd PCB-mountable surge protective device modules and SPD circuit systems and methods including same
US11990745B2 (en) 2022-01-12 2024-05-21 Raycap IP Development Ltd Methods and systems for remote monitoring of surge protective devices
US12199412B2 (en) 2022-06-02 2025-01-14 Ripd Ip Development Ltd. Surge protective devices, circuits, modules and systems including same
US12206234B2 (en) 2022-09-20 2025-01-21 Ripd Ip Development Ltd Overvoltage protection device modules
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FR2574589B1 (en) * 1984-12-12 1989-06-02 Tubes Lampes Electriq Cie Indl LOW-DIMENSIONAL OUTDOOR SHORT-CIRCUIT DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2622047A1 (en) 1989-04-21
US4866561A (en) 1989-09-12
DE3877534D1 (en) 1993-02-25
FR2622047B1 (en) 1990-03-02
ES2037261T3 (en) 1993-06-16
EP0318339A1 (en) 1989-05-31

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