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EP0398992B1 - Process and device for mixing - Google Patents

Process and device for mixing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398992B1
EP0398992B1 EP89902946A EP89902946A EP0398992B1 EP 0398992 B1 EP0398992 B1 EP 0398992B1 EP 89902946 A EP89902946 A EP 89902946A EP 89902946 A EP89902946 A EP 89902946A EP 0398992 B1 EP0398992 B1 EP 0398992B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
axis
container
rotation
stochastic
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EP89902946A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0398992A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Zimmermann
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/50—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms with a receptacle submitted to a combination of movements, i.e. at least one vibratory or oscillatory movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B01F29/10—Mixers with rotating receptacles with receptacles rotated about two different axes, e.g. receptacles having planetary motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B01F29/40—Parts or components, e.g. receptacles, feeding or discharging means
    • B01F29/403—Disposition of the rotor axis
    • B01F29/4035—Disposition of the rotor axis with a receptacle rotating around two or more axes
    • B01F29/40353—Disposition of the rotor axis with a receptacle rotating around two or more axes being perpendicular axes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for mixing according to the preamble of claim 1 and a mixing device therefor according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Such a conventional mixing device has become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 3,018,092 and US Pat. No. 2,610,014.
  • the mixing container can be set in rotation about a drive axis, a shaking movement being initiated on the container at the same time. Both for the rotational movement and for the initiated shaking movement, which is driven via a planetary gear, takes place synchronously and together.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for mixing and an associated mixing device, in which a much faster and more uniform thorough mixing without a dead zone can be achieved with comparatively simple means compared to the prior art.
  • the invention achieves remarkable technical progress in an astonishing way.
  • Exact studies have shown that in conventional solid mixers due to the uniform or regularly recurring mixing movement with the sometimes very different particle properties that are to be mixed and which can differ from one another, for example in terms of their size, shape or density, not ideal uniform mixture can be generated, but rather that there is always a tendency to segregate.
  • Such a regular mixing movement can cause, for example, an increase in gravity in a solid stream; with high Froude numbers, which can mean a centrifugal movement of the mix, wind sifting can also occur, etc.
  • the Froude numbers are known to be the ratio of the centrifugal force (centrifugal force) to the gravity of the mix.
  • the method according to the invention and the associated mixing device according to the invention are distinguished above all by the fact that no uniform and repetitive motion sequences are used. Rather, when mixing, care is taken that the angle of the mixing container to the mixer axis changes irregularly during rotation of the mixing container about its axis of rotation or mixer shaft, i.e. is constantly set differently, so that a stochastic random distribution is given. In a further development, the speed, i.e. the speed of rotation and also the direction of rotation are constantly and irregularly adjusted so that a stochastic randomly distributed control is also provided.
  • the control system thus includes a random generator.
  • the speed and the direction of rotation of the axis of rotation or mixer shaft of the mixing container can also be controlled and changed stochastically. This double stochasm changes the Froude number constantly and unevenly. Separations are largely prevented, so that a mixing quality is achieved which was not previously possible due to separation.
  • the material funnels of the processing machines are used directly as mixing vessels in the large-scale industrial design of the mixing device according to the invention, so that demixing veins which occur when the material to be mixed is transferred are eliminated.
  • the material hopper must be placed on the processing machine free of vibrations.
  • Grinding media can also be added to the mixing vessel of the stochastically operating mixing device. This creates a stochastically controlled mill. Although different shapes are possible, spherical or cylindrical grinding media are particularly suitable. Due to the different Froude numbers, the solid is crushed both by the friction and by the impact. It is e.g. B. with a small Froude number, the blowing away of the fine fraction observed in vibrating ball mills before the impact of the grinding body is avoided. On the other hand, with a higher Froude number, coarse-grained regrind is broken up by impact. The stochastic control thus captures a broader grain spectrum during comminution.
  • the stochastically controlled tumbling movement of the mixing container can also be used for washing machines.
  • the device is used at least in those cases in which, as in the case of the textile parts in the washing drum, processing is to take place with a constantly changing Froude number.
  • the mixing vessel is guided through the tub with appropriate stochastic control.
  • a "unstable mixing tool” is already known, which is constructed in the manner of a stirrer.
  • This mixer works with a rotatably mounted stirrer, on which blades are usually attached. These blades should be adjustable in their angle of attack during rotation, the size of the angle of attack being subjected to random control.
  • This randomly controlled stochastic change in the angle of attack of the blades on the rotor similar to a propeller with rotor blades that can be changed in their angle of attack, but essentially only serves to stir liquids. But even when stirring powdery substances, the entire stirring and mixing process is comparable to that of liquids, since there is a fluidized flow behavior even when stirring substances containing powders or solid particles.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show an example of a cylindrical mixing container 1 which is held over part of the fork suspension 5 forming the mixer shaft or axis of rotation 3 (but a one-sided suspension is also possible for easier assembly and disassembly of the mixing container).
  • the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 is driven by a drive 7 with a rotational speed or rotational speed which is distributed differently in a stochastically manner, the direction of rotation also being reversible in a stochastically distributed manner.
  • a further drive 12 is provided in the region of the fork suspension 5 for the stochastically changed setting of the inclination angle 9.
  • the electrical control and power supply lines are laid inside the shafts and require slip ring-like contacts at the appropriate locations, for example between the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 and the correspondingly fixed drive 7 of this axis.
  • the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 could also be rotated to achieve a further rotational movement in the sense of a third degree of freedom by a further, to the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 angular, oblique, in particular right-angled primary axis 13, the Arrangement similar to a cage can also be such that the extension of this third axis of rotation also intersects the elongated axis lines of the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 and the container axis 6 at a common intersection, which is preferably in the center or center of gravity of the mixing container 1.
  • This primary axis 13 can also be stochastic, i.e. are driven with randomly distributed speed and direction of rotation, namely via a further drive 15.
  • the mixing container 1 should not be spherical or cubic.
  • At least one boundary side of the mixing container can be designed in the form of a closable funnel 17.
  • This funnel 17 can be used when decanting the mixed material, so that segregation, as might occur when decanting the mixed material when using a separate funnel, is eliminated.
  • the material hopper of the processing machines is expediently used as a mixing vessel in large-scale industrial designs of the mixer device explained above. After mixing, the material hopper must be placed on the processing machine free of vibrations.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 can in principle also be used in washing machines, the mixing container 1 then forming the washing drum which is guided through the tub.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Numerous problems arise in practice with conventional mixing processes and devices for obtaining intimate and homogenous mixing, because the mixtures constantly exhibit a non-negligible tendency to separate. To counteract this problem, a mixing container can be set in rotation about at least two axes of rotation (3, 6) simultaneously, with two degrees of liberty, which results in an improved quality of mixing. A substantially improved result in comparison with the prior art is obtained principally in the case of stochastic, i.e. randomly chosen speeds and directions of rotation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mischen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie eine Mischvorrichtung hierfür nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 7.The invention relates to a method for mixing according to the preamble of claim 1 and a mixing device therefor according to the preamble of claim 7.

Konventionelle Feststoffmischer werden in vielen Bereichen der Technik eingesetzt, vor allem auch im kunststoffbe- bzw. -verarbeitenden sowie im pharmazeutischen Bereich. Mit ihnen soll versucht werden, unterschiedliche Teilchen, die sich beispielsweise hinsichtlich ihrer Größe, der Form und der Dichte unterscheiden, möglichst gleichmäßig zu mischen, was bedeutet, daß die Abweichungen in der Dichte und Zusammensetzung im gesamten Mischgut minimal werden.Conventional solids mixers are used in many areas of technology, especially in plastics processing and processing as well as in the pharmaceutical sector. They are intended to try to mix different particles, which differ, for example, in terms of their size, shape and density, as evenly as possible, which means that the differences in density and composition in the entire mix are minimal.

Eine derartige konventionelle Mischvorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der US-A 3 018 092 sowie der US-A 2 610 014 bekannt geworden. Bei der zuerst genannten vorbekannten Mischvorrichtung ist der Mischbehälter um eine Antriebsachse in Rotation versetzbar, wobei gleichzeitig eine Schüttelbewegung auf den Behälter eingeleitet wird. Sowohl für die Rotationsbewegung als auch für die über ein Planetenrad getriebene eingeleitete Schüttelbewegung erfolgt synchron und gemeinsam.Such a conventional mixing device has become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 3,018,092 and US Pat. No. 2,610,014. In the first-mentioned previously known mixing device, the mixing container can be set in rotation about a drive axis, a shaking movement being initiated on the container at the same time. Both for the rotational movement and for the initiated shaking movement, which is driven via a planetary gear, takes place synchronously and together.

Auch bei der aus der an zweiter Stelle genannten US-Patentschrift vorbekannten Mischvorrichtung ist ein Farbmischer beschrieben, bei dem der Farbbehälter um eine horizontale Rotationsachse angetrieben wird, die durch eine rückwärtige Kurbelabstützung gleichzeitig eine regelmälige Schwenkbewegung erfährt. Auch hier erfolgt also die Rotations- und regelmäßige Kippbewegung synchron über einen gemeinsamen Antrieb.Also in the case of the mixing device previously known from the second US patent, a paint mixer is described in which the paint container is driven about a horizontal axis of rotation which at the same time experiences a regular pivoting movement by means of a rear crank support. Here, too, the rotation and regular tilting movements take place synchronously via a common drive.

Dies bietet aber immer wieder grölte Schwierigkeiten, da in bisher nicht gelöster Weise immer wieder auch zumindest in Teilbereichen Entmischungen auftreten können.However, this always presents great difficulties, since segregation can occur again and again, at least in some areas, in a manner that has not yet been solved.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es von daher, ein Verfahren zum Mischen sowie eine zugehörige Mischvorrichtung zu schaffen, bei der mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln gegenüber dem Stand der Technik eine sehr viel schnellere und gleichmäßigere vollständige Durchmischung ohne tote Zone herbeigeführt werden kann.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for mixing and an associated mixing device, in which a much faster and more uniform thorough mixing without a dead zone can be achieved with comparatively simple means compared to the prior art.

Die Aufgabe wird bezüglich des Verfahrens entsprechend den im Anspruch 1 und bezüglich der Vorrichtung entsprechend den im Anspruch 7 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.The object is achieved with respect to the method according to the features specified in claim 1 and with regard to the device according to the features specified in claim 7.

Durch die Erfindung wird auf verblüffende Art und Weise ein wesentlicher technischer Fortschritt erzielt. Genaue Untersuchungen haben nämlich ergeben, daß bei konventionellen Feststoffmischern durch die gleichförmig oder regelmäßig wiederkehrende Mischbewegung bei den teilweise auch sehr unterschiedlichen Teilcheneigenschaften, die durchmischt werden sollen und die sich beispielsweise im Hinblick auf ihre Größe, ihre Form oder ihre Dichte voneinander unterscheiden können, keine ideale gleichmäßige Mischung erzeugt werden kann., sondern daß vielmehr ständig eine Tendenz zur Entmischung entsteht. Durch eine derartige regelmäßige Mischbewegung kann in einem Feststoffstrom beispielsweise eine Schwerkraftseigerung eintreten; bei hohen Froude-Zahlen die eine Schleuderbewegung des Mischgutes bedeuten können, kann zudem auch eine Windsichtung auftreten usw.The invention achieves remarkable technical progress in an astonishing way. Exact studies have shown that in conventional solid mixers due to the uniform or regularly recurring mixing movement with the sometimes very different particle properties that are to be mixed and which can differ from one another, for example in terms of their size, shape or density, not ideal uniform mixture can be generated, but rather that there is always a tendency to segregate. Such a regular mixing movement can cause, for example, an increase in gravity in a solid stream; with high Froude numbers, which can mean a centrifugal movement of the mix, wind sifting can also occur, etc.

Bei den Froude-Zahlen handelt es sich bekanntermaßen um das Verhältnis der ZentrifugalKraft (Fliehkraft) zur Schwerkraft des Mischgutes.The Froude numbers are known to be the ratio of the centrifugal force (centrifugal force) to the gravity of the mix.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die zugehörige erfindungsgemäße Mischvorrichtung zeichnen sich vor allem dadurch aus, daß keine gleichförmigen und sich wiederholenden Bewegungsabläufe angewandt werden. Vielmehr wird bei der Mischung darauf geachtet, daß der Winkel des Mischbehälters zur Mischerachse während der Rotation des Mischbehälters um seine Rotationsachse oder Mischerwelle unregelmäßig verändert, d.h. ständig unterschiedlich eingestellt wird, so daß eine stochastische Zufallsverteilung insoweit gegeben ist. In einer Weiterbildung kann auch die Drehzahl, d.h. die Drehgeschwindigkeit und auch die Drehrichtung unregelmäßig und ungleichförmig ständig verstellt werden, so daß auch insoweit eine stochastische zufallsverteilte Steuerung gegeben ist. Die Steuerung umfalt also insoweit einen Zufallsgenerator.The method according to the invention and the associated mixing device according to the invention are distinguished above all by the fact that no uniform and repetitive motion sequences are used. Rather, when mixing, care is taken that the angle of the mixing container to the mixer axis changes irregularly during rotation of the mixing container about its axis of rotation or mixer shaft, i.e. is constantly set differently, so that a stochastic random distribution is given. In a further development, the speed, i.e. the speed of rotation and also the direction of rotation are constantly and irregularly adjusted so that a stochastic randomly distributed control is also provided. The control system thus includes a random generator.

Neben der ständigen stochastischen, d.h. ungleichförmigen Änderung des Neigungswinkels zwischen dem Mischbehälter und dessen Mischerachse kann in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform gleichzeitig auch noch die Drehzahl und der Drehsinn der Rotationsachse bzw. Mischerwelle des Mischbehälters stochastisch gesteuert und geändert werden. Durch diesen doppelten Stochasmus ändert sich die Froude-Zahl ständig und ungleichmäßig. Entmischungen werden weitgehend verhindert, so daß eine Mischgüte erreicht wird, die bisher wegen der Entmischung nicht zu erzielen war.In addition to the constant stochastic, ie non-uniform change in the angle of inclination between the mixing container and its mixer axis, in a preferred embodiment the speed and the direction of rotation of the axis of rotation or mixer shaft of the mixing container can also be controlled and changed stochastically. This double stochasm changes the Froude number constantly and unevenly. Separations are largely prevented, so that a mixing quality is achieved which was not previously possible due to separation.

Zweckmäßigerweise werden bei der großtechnischen Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Mischvorrichtung unmittelbar die Materialtrichter der Verarbeitungsmaschinen als Mischgefäße verwendet, so daß Entmischunpen, die beim Umfüllen des Mischgutes auftreten, entfallen. Der Materialtrichter muß nach der Mischung schwingungsfrei an der Verarbeitungsmaschine aufgesetzt werden.Appropriately, the material funnels of the processing machines are used directly as mixing vessels in the large-scale industrial design of the mixing device according to the invention, so that demixing veins which occur when the material to be mixed is transferred are eliminated. After mixing, the material hopper must be placed on the processing machine free of vibrations.

In das Mischgefäß der stochastisch arbeitenden Mischvorrichtung können auch Mahlkörper gegeben werden. Es entsteht dadurch eine stochastisch gesteuerte Mühle. Obgleich unterschiedliche Formgebungen möglich sind, eignen sich insbesondere kugel- oder zylinderförmige Mahlkörper. Durch die unterschiedlichen Froude-Zahlen wird der Feststoff sowohl durch die Reibung als auch durch den Prall zerkleinert. Es wird z. B. bei kleiner Froude-Zahl das bei Schwingkugelmühlen zu beobachtende Wegblasen des Feinanteiles vor dem Aufprall des Mahlkörpers vermieden. Auf der anderen Seite wird bei höherer Froude-Zahl grobkörniges Mahlgut durch Prall zerschlagen. Die stochastische Steuerung erfaßt somit bei der Zerkleinerung ein breiteres Kornspektrum.Grinding media can also be added to the mixing vessel of the stochastically operating mixing device. This creates a stochastically controlled mill. Although different shapes are possible, spherical or cylindrical grinding media are particularly suitable. Due to the different Froude numbers, the solid is crushed both by the friction and by the impact. It is e.g. B. with a small Froude number, the blowing away of the fine fraction observed in vibrating ball mills before the impact of the grinding body is avoided. On the other hand, with a higher Froude number, coarse-grained regrind is broken up by impact. The stochastic control thus captures a broader grain spectrum during comminution.

Die stochastisch gesteuerte Taumelbewegung des Mischbehälters kann auch für Waschmaschinen genutzt werden. Mit anderen Worten findet die Vorrichtung zumindest auch in denjenigen Fällen Anwendung, bei denen, wie im Fall der in der Waschtrommel befindlichen Textilienteile, bei sich ständig ändernder Froude-Zahl bearbeitet werden sollen. Im Falle der Waschtrommel wird also das Mischgefäß mit entsprechend stochastischer Ansteuerung durch den Laugenbehälter geführt.The stochastically controlled tumbling movement of the mixing container can also be used for washing machines. In other words, the device is used at least in those cases in which, as in the case of the textile parts in the washing drum, processing is to take place with a constantly changing Froude number. In the case of the washing drum, the mixing vessel is guided through the tub with appropriate stochastic control.

Es entstehen ständig Relativbeschleunigungen zwischen den Textilien und der Lauge, die so intensiv und schnell den Schmutz aus dem Gewebe spülen.Relative accelerations occur constantly between the textiles and the lye, which wash the dirt out of the fabric so intensively and quickly.

Es ist zwar bereits ein "labiles Mischwerkzeug" bekannt geworden, das nach Art eines Rührers aufgebaut ist. Dieses Rührgerät arbeitet mit einem drehbar gelagerten Rührer, an dem in üblicherweise Flügel angesetzt sind. Diese Flügel sollen während des Rotierens in ihrem Anstellwinkel verstellbar sein, wobei die Größe des Anstellwinkels einer Zufallssteuerung unterworfen wird. Diese zufallsgesteuerte stochastische Änderung des Anstellwinkels der Flügel am Rotor ähnlich einer Schiffsschraube mit in ihrem Anstellwinkel veränderbarten Rotorblättern, dient aber im wesentlichen nur zum Rühren von Flüssigkeiten. Aber auch beim Rühren von pulverförmigen Substanzen ist der gesamte Rühr- und Mischvorgang demjenigen von Flüssigkeiten vergleichbar, da ein fluidisiertes Strömverhalten auch beim Rühren von Pulvern oder Feststoffartikeln umfassenden Stoffen gegeben ist. Vor allem lassen sich mit einem derartigen Gerät keine unterschiedlichen Froude-Zahlen bewußt erzeugen oder erzielen, zumal ja die Höhe des in dem Rührbecken befindlichen Mischgutes praktisch unverändert und damit auch die Gravitationskräfte gleichförmig bleiben. Ein derartiges Rührgerät arbeitet also völlig anders und ist völlig unterschiedlich zur vorliegenden Erfindung konzipiert.A "unstable mixing tool" is already known, which is constructed in the manner of a stirrer. This mixer works with a rotatably mounted stirrer, on which blades are usually attached. These blades should be adjustable in their angle of attack during rotation, the size of the angle of attack being subjected to random control. This randomly controlled stochastic change in the angle of attack of the blades on the rotor, similar to a propeller with rotor blades that can be changed in their angle of attack, but essentially only serves to stir liquids. But even when stirring powdery substances, the entire stirring and mixing process is comparable to that of liquids, since there is a fluidized flow behavior even when stirring substances containing powders or solid particles. Above all, it is not possible to consciously generate or achieve different Froude numbers with such a device, especially since the height of the mixed material in the mixing tank is practically unchanged and the gravitational forces therefore remain uniform. Such a mixer works completely differently and is designed completely differently from the present invention.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nachfolgend aus dem anhand von Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel. Dabei zeigen im einzelnen:

  • Figur 1 : eine schematische Seitenansicht der Mischvorrichtung;
  • Figur 2 : eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2;
  • Figur 3 : eine schematische Darstellung einer Abwandlung zu Figur 1.
Further advantages, details and features of the invention result from the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings. The following show in detail:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the mixing device;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment of Figure 2;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a modification to Figure 1.

In Figur 1 und 2 ist ein beispielsweise zylinderförmiger Mischbehälter 1 gezeigt, der über einen Teil der die Mischerwelle bzw. Rotationsachse 3 bildenden Gabelaufhängung 5 gehalten ist (aber auch eine einseitige Aufhängung zur leichteren Montage und Demontage des Mischbehälters ist möglich). Die Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3 wird über einen Antrieb 7 mit stochastisch unterschiedlich verteiler Drehgeschwindigkeit bzw. Drehzahl angetrieben, wobei zusätzlich stochastisch verteilt auch der Drehsinn umkehrbar ist. -Im Betrieb wird nicht nur die Drehzahl und Drehrichtung der Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3 stochastisch, d.h. zufallsverteilt in weiten Betriebsgrenzen geändert, sondern vor allem auch der Neigungswinkel 9 beispielsweise zwischen einer Längsachse 11 des Mischbehälters 1 und dessen Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3. In Figur 1 ist dabei die den Mischbehälter 1 unmittelbar tragende Behälterachse mit dem Bezugszeichen 6 versehen, wobei im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wie in Figur 2 angedeutet die Behälterachse 6 senkrecht zur Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3 steht und beide in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen, so daß sich die durch die Mischerwelle/ Rotationsachse 3 und die Behälterachse 6 gebildeten Achslinien im Inneren des Mischbehälters 1 schneiden.1 and 2 show an example of a cylindrical mixing container 1 which is held over part of the fork suspension 5 forming the mixer shaft or axis of rotation 3 (but a one-sided suspension is also possible for easier assembly and disassembly of the mixing container). The mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 is driven by a drive 7 with a rotational speed or rotational speed which is distributed differently in a stochastically manner, the direction of rotation also being reversible in a stochastically distributed manner. During operation, not only is the speed and direction of rotation of the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 changed stochastically, ie randomly, over wide operating limits, but above all the angle of inclination 9, for example between a longitudinal axis 11 of the mixing container 1 and its mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3, is shown in FIG the container axis directly supporting the mixing container 1 is provided with the reference number 6, the container axis 6 being perpendicular to the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 in the exemplary embodiment shown and indicated in FIG. 2, and both lying in a common plane, so that the axis through the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 and the axis of the container 6 formed in the interior of the mixing container 1 cut.

Zur stochastisch veränderten Einstellung des Neigungswinkels 9 ist im Bereich der Gabelaufhängung 5 ein weiterer Antrieb 12 vorgesehen. Die in den Zeichnungen nicht näher dargestellten elektrischen Steuer- und Stromversorgungsleitungen werden im Inneren der Wellen verlegt und erfordern an den entsprechenden Stellen, beispielsweise zwischen der Mischerwelle/ Rotationsachse 3 und dem entsprechend feststehenden Antrieb 7 dieser Achse schleifringähnliche Kontakte.A further drive 12 is provided in the region of the fork suspension 5 for the stochastically changed setting of the inclination angle 9. The electrical control and power supply lines, not shown in the drawings, are laid inside the shafts and require slip ring-like contacts at the appropriate locations, for example between the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 and the correspondingly fixed drive 7 of this axis.

Wie in Figur 3 angedeutet ist, könnte auch die Mischerwelle/ Rotationsachse 3 zur Erzielung einer weiteren Rotationsbewegung im Sinne eines dritten Freiheitsgrades noch um eine weitere, zur Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3 winklig, schiefwinklig, insbesondere rechtwinklig stehenden primären Achse 13 drehbar gehalten sein, wobei die Anordnung ähnlich einem Käfig auch derart sein kann, daß auch die Verlängerung dieser dritten Rotationsachse die verlängerten Achsgeraden der Mischerwelle/Rotationsachse 3 und der Behälterachse 6 in einem gemeinsamen Schnittpunkt schneidet, der vorzugsweise im Mittel- oder Schwerpunkt des Mischbehälters 1 liegt. Auch diese primäre Achse 13 kann stochastisch, d.h. mit zufallsverteilter Drehzahl und Drehrichtung angetrieben werden, und zwar über einen weiteren Antrieb 15.As indicated in Figure 3, the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 could also be rotated to achieve a further rotational movement in the sense of a third degree of freedom by a further, to the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 angular, oblique, in particular right-angled primary axis 13, the Arrangement similar to a cage can also be such that the extension of this third axis of rotation also intersects the elongated axis lines of the mixer shaft / axis of rotation 3 and the container axis 6 at a common intersection, which is preferably in the center or center of gravity of the mixing container 1. This primary axis 13 can also be stochastic, i.e. are driven with randomly distributed speed and direction of rotation, namely via a further drive 15.

Der Mischbehälter 1 sollte weder !kugelsymmetrisch noch würfelförmig sein.The mixing container 1 should not be spherical or cubic.

Anhand von Figur 3 ist auch gezeigt, daß beispielsweise zumindest eine Begrenzungsseite des Mischbehälters in Form eines verschließbaren Trichters 17 ausgebildet sein kann.Based on FIG. 3, it is also shown that, for example, at least one boundary side of the mixing container can be designed in the form of a closable funnel 17.

Dieser Trichter 17 kann beim Umfüllen des Mischgutes verwandt werden, so daß Entmischungen, wie sie beim Umfüllen des Mischgutes bei Verwendung eines separaten Trichters auftreten könnten, entfallen. Zweckmäligerweise wird dazu bei großtechnischen Ausführungen der vorstehend erläuterten Mischer-Vorrichtung unmittelbar der Materialtrichter der Verarbeitungsmaschinen als Mischgefäß verwandt. Der Materialtrichter muß nach der Mischung schwingungsfrei an der Verarbeitungsmaschine aufgesetzt werden.This funnel 17 can be used when decanting the mixed material, so that segregation, as might occur when decanting the mixed material when using a separate funnel, is eliminated. For this purpose, the material hopper of the processing machines is expediently used as a mixing vessel in large-scale industrial designs of the mixer device explained above. After mixing, the material hopper must be placed on the processing machine free of vibrations.

Die in den Figuren 1 bis 3 gezeigte Ausführungsform kann grundsätzlich auch bei Waschmaschinen eingesetzt werden, wobei der Mischbehälter 1 dann die Waschtrommel bildet, die durch den Laugenbehälter geführt wird.The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can in principle also be used in washing machines, the mixing container 1 then forming the washing drum which is guided through the tub.

Anhand der gezeigen Ausführungsbeispiele können vielfältige Abwandlungen vorgenommen werden, was insbesondere die Winkelstellung der verschiedenen Rotationsachsen zueinander bzw. auch die Ausrichtung des Mischbehälters zu dessen Behälterachse betrifft, die gegebenenfalls schiefwinklig gewählt werden kann.On the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown, a wide variety of modifications can be made, in particular with regard to the angular position of the different axes of rotation relative to one another and also the orientation of the mixing container to its container axis, which can optionally be selected at an oblique angle.

Claims (14)

1. Process for mixing particularly solid materials, wherein a mixing container (1) that can be filled with the substances to be mixed is used, said mixing container (1) being rotatable with two degrees of freedom both about a mixer shaft/rotation axis (3) and about a further, second container axis (6) which is connected therewith and which at least indirectly carries the mixing container (1), characterized in that the mixing container (1) wobbles with a continuously irregular mixing movement and consequently with a continuously varying Froude-count, said mixing container (1) being driven at a stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the container axis (6) is driven at a stochastic, i.e. random distributed, irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that also the mixer shaft/rotation axis (3), which is connected with the container axis (6) and is separately rotatable, is driven stochastically with respect to its rotation speed and/or its rotation direction, i.e. in a random distributed irregular manner.
4. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tilt angle (9) projected into a projection plane extending vertically relative to the container axis (11) is varied circumferentially over the full 360° distance about the container axis (11) in a stochastic and random distributed manner between the mixer shaft/rotation axis (3) projected into this projection plane on the one hand and a longitudinal axis on the other hand.
5. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wobbling movement of the mixing container (1) is performed with three degrees of freedom also about a further, third drive axis (13) which is also driven preferably in a stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular manner.
6. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that grinding agents, preferably in the form of flint, porcelain and/or steel, are added to the mixing stock.
7. Mixing apparatus for implementing the process according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, comprising a sealable mixing container (1), the mixer shaft/rotation axis (3) of which is rotatable by first driving means (7) and the further drive axis (6, 13) of which is rotatable by further driving means (12, 15), characterized in that the mixing container (1) can be driven at a stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
8. Mixing apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that by the further drive (12, 15) the container axis (6, 13) und consequently the mixing container (1) can be driven about its container axis (6, 13) at a stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
9. Mixing apparatus according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that also the mixer shaft/rotation axis (3) which is connected with the container axis can be driven by the drive (7) associated therewith at a stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
10. Mixing apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that apart from the container axis (6) rotating the mixing container (1) and the further mixer shaft/rotation axis (3) carrying the container axis (6), a third primary rotation axis (13) is provided which can be driven by a further drive (15) at a preferably stochastic, i.e. random distributed irregular rotation speed and/or in such a rotation direction.
11. Mixing apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the at least two, preferably three separate rotation axes (3, 6, 13) are arranged askew or at angles of up to 90° relative to each other.
12. Mixing apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that switching means controlling the drive of the axes (6, 3, 13) operate via a genuine or quasi-genuine random generator.
13. Mixing apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that on at least one side of the mixing container (1) a sealable funnel (17) is provided.
14. Mixing apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the mixing container (1) has the form of a cylinder and is rotatably arranged in a caustic pot.
EP89902946A 1988-03-09 1989-03-07 Process and device for mixing Expired - Lifetime EP0398992B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89902946T ATE74794T1 (en) 1988-03-09 1989-03-07 METHOD OF MIXING AND RELATED MIXING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3807658A DE3807658A1 (en) 1988-03-09 1988-03-09 THE STO MIXER
DE3807658 1988-03-09

Publications (2)

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EP0398992A1 EP0398992A1 (en) 1990-11-28
EP0398992B1 true EP0398992B1 (en) 1992-04-15

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US (1) US5238304A (en)
EP (1) EP0398992B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2543419B2 (en)
KR (1) KR900700181A (en)
AU (1) AU3195389A (en)
DE (2) DE3807658A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989008495A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58901193D1 (en) 1992-05-21
US5238304A (en) 1993-08-24
AU3195389A (en) 1989-10-05
JPH03503258A (en) 1991-07-25
DE3807658A1 (en) 1989-09-21
JP2543419B2 (en) 1996-10-16
WO1989008495A1 (en) 1989-09-21
KR900700181A (en) 1990-08-11
EP0398992A1 (en) 1990-11-28

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