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EP0388626A1 - Appareil pour séparer des métaux non magnétisables d'un mélange de solides - Google Patents

Appareil pour séparer des métaux non magnétisables d'un mélange de solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0388626A1
EP0388626A1 EP90102657A EP90102657A EP0388626A1 EP 0388626 A1 EP0388626 A1 EP 0388626A1 EP 90102657 A EP90102657 A EP 90102657A EP 90102657 A EP90102657 A EP 90102657A EP 0388626 A1 EP0388626 A1 EP 0388626A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
slideway
field generator
conveyor belt
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90102657A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0388626B1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Dr.-Ing. Julius
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lyndex Recycling Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP0388626A1 publication Critical patent/EP0388626A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0388626B1 publication Critical patent/EP0388626B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
    • B03C1/24—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields
    • B03C1/247—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields obtained by a rotating magnetic drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation of bulk or dry particles in mixtures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating non-magnetizable metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, from a solid mixture by means of a magnetic field generator.
  • the so-called eddy current separation can be carried out.
  • the feed material is guided over the poles of an alternating magnetic field generator, for example on a belt or in free fall.
  • eddy currents are induced in the electrically conductive components of the mixture, which build up their own magnetic fields opposing the generator field and thereby accelerate these components by electromagnetic forces relative to the other components of the mixture.
  • Eddy current separation allows non-ferromagnetisable, electrically highly conductive substances, such as aluminum and copper, to be separated from non-ferrous solid mixtures and non-ferrous metal / non-metallic solid mixtures, such as car shredder rubble or electronic scrap.
  • the eddy current separation can be preceded by a magnetic separation in order to remove ferromagnetic parts beforehand.
  • a solid mixture for separating the ferromagnetic portion is first passed by means of a conveyor belt below a magnetic separator and then fed from the conveyor belt to a slowly rotating outer drum for separating the non-ferrous metals.
  • a fast rotating rotor equipped with permanent magnets is arranged concentrically inside the outer drum.
  • the permanent magnets extend uniformly parallel to the rotor axis and are arranged at a large distance from one another so that the magnetic field which forms between the poles of the permanent magnets acts as far as possible outside the drum.
  • the magnetic rotor must namely be stored in the confined space within the drum, which cannot be enlarged in diameter, preferably rotatable, the storage becoming even more complicated when the magnetic rotor is to be adjustable, for example concentrically on a radius around or on a curve with different radial distances from the drum axis of rotation.
  • the drum is difficult to manufacture or process and requires extremely precise manufacture, with the aim of achieving thin, uniform drum wall thicknesses with high mechanical stability so that as little magnetic force as possible is lost; For example, no different material hardnesses must be allowed in the surface of the drum, i.e. no softer and harder points occur, so that the only slight air gap between the magnet rotor and the drum can be partially reduced so that serious damage due to frictional contact between the magnet rotor and the drum cannot be excluded.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device that is structurally simple and allows a better separation of non-ferrous metals in particular from a mixture of solids.
  • the magnet according to the invention in a device of the type mentioned field generator is arranged next to a rectilinear and / or curved and / or kinked slideway made of an electrically poorly conductive material.
  • the expression “poor electrical conductivity” takes into account that, according to scientific understanding, all materials are electrically conductive; a distinction is only made between better or poorer conductive materials, the conductivity of the latter practically going to zero (cf. page 522 from "Taschenbuch Elektrotechnik", Volume 1, Carl Hanser Verlag).
  • the invention is based on the finding that, with a slideway arranged above a magnetic field generator, the shape and curvature of which can be structurally adjusted by simple means in comparison with a rotating drum in such a way that an optimized effect of the eddy current separation can be achieved.
  • a slideway arranged above a magnetic field generator the shape and curvature of which can be structurally adjusted by simple means in comparison with a rotating drum in such a way that an optimized effect of the eddy current separation can be achieved.
  • due to the comparatively easy to manufacture slideway and the possible elimination of the rotating drum, which requires complex storage both the system and the manufacturing and assembly costs are significantly reduced.
  • the magnetic field generator which is either stationary but preferably adjustable in its installed position, can be arranged in such a way that the full force of the magnetic field floods the non-ferrous metals sliding in the area of the slideway in the area referred to below as the "material discharge zone";
  • the material discharge zone is reached when the material to be separated just falls due to gravity on the curved surface formed either directly by the slideway or preferably a conveyor belt wrapping around the slideway, so that the mechanical ejection forces combine with the latest possible forces of the magnetic field for the non-ferrous metals results in the greatest deflection of the throwing parabola and thus a deliberate separation from the other mixture components.
  • a magnetic rotor or alternatively an electrically excited magnetic field generator in the form of a fixed magnet system fed with AC voltage can advantageously be used.
  • the slideway of a stationary, preferably designed as a segment of a hollow cylinder and advantageously having a housing encapsulating the magnetic field generator, which is very variable, deviating from the circular shape, possibly endless radius of curvature below the slideway allows a large free space usable for structural purposes, but without the space requirement to increase the system or eddy current separating device, as would be the case with a slightly larger drum diameter in relation to the radius of curvature possible with a slideway according to the invention.
  • the slideway can be formed, for example, from one or more differently curved cam tracks and / or straight lines with kinks.
  • the magnetic field generator in the form of a magnetic rotor does not need to be stored in a likewise rotating drum, but can be stored, for example, in the side walls of the housing, which consists of an antimagnetic and electrically non-conductive material.
  • the housing encapsulating the magnet rotor protects in particular the air gap between the magnet rotor and the slideway from splash water and dust, in particular Fe dust, which increases the rotor diameter, and thus prevents the air gap from becoming clogged, which leads to friction with the inside of the slideway and thus causing overheating.
  • the magnetic field generator adjustable according to the invention both radially and in the circumferential direction covering an adjustment range which meets all operating requirements.
  • the solid mixture can be fed, for example, by means of a separate conveyor ending above the slideway to the desired area far above the apex of the slideway in which the material falls straight due to gravity.
  • the solid mixture is fed from a conveyor belt which is guided over the slideway and to which two deflection drums are preferably also assigned. If the deflection drum at the front in the transport direction of the conveyor belt is driven, lower forces are required due to the then pulled conveyor belt than that when driving the rear conveyor belt in the transport direction, i.e. arranged in the feed area of the solid mixture, then pushing the conveyor belt deflection drum would be the case. In addition, lower frictional forces occur when driving the front deflection drum, since essentially only the friction in the area of the slideway can be overcome, which should consist of a low-friction, non-metallic material.
  • the front pulley is adjustable. In this way, the preload influence the conveyor belt and achieve a large wrap angle and thus a higher frictional engagement of the pulling, front pulley.
  • the pretensioning of the conveyor belt can be changed using a tension roller.
  • the front deflection drum is designed as a magnetic reel, it is possible to separately sort out iron components at this point, especially if the iron separation was not carried out or only insufficiently before the eddy current separation.
  • the horizontal upper run of the conveyor belt rests on a sliding surface.
  • a sliding belt conveyor can thus be achieved in which the conveyor belt from the material feed point in the area of the rear deflection drum in the transport direction to the front end of the sliding track, i.e. far beyond the material drop zone on a support that also supports the conveyor belt.
  • material for the preferably in the form of a trough i.e. Materials designed with side walls and bridging the distance from the rear deflection drum to the slideway are all suitable materials which ensure good gliding behavior, but are not electrostatically charged, such as, for example, antimagnetic stainless steel, plastic or glass.
  • the side or side walls prevent material from falling off the conveyor belt on its way from the feed point to the slide.
  • the trough also supports the guidance of the conveyor belt.
  • a space in the space below the slideway and above the magnetic rotor Axially extending in the direction of transport preferably made of magnetically good and electrically poorly conductive material guide body arranged in the magnetic field of the magnetic rotor or magnetic field generator.
  • a guide body which should be made of an electrically poorly but magnetically highly conductive material, for example ferrite, to avoid eddy current losses is understood to mean a body, such as a flat or curved plate, which deflects the field lines of the magnetic field generator and detects a magnetic connection below, made possible and reinforced towards the magnetic field generator. The field lines of the magnetic field generator should thus be directed and the magnetic field channeled.
  • the guide body advantageously starting from the rear end of the slideway in the transport direction, extends to the front, it can be achieved that the supplied fest
  • the mixture of substances remains calm on the conveyor belt, ie without being disturbed by the magnetic field, until it has reached the apex of the slideway and the subsequent material discharge zone, in which the full force of the magnetic field floods the non-ferrous metals.
  • a straightening body is arranged at a distance above the curvature of the slideway in the magnetic field of the magnetic field generator.
  • This preferably consists of magnetically good and poorly electrically conductive material.
  • a straightening body which can be a flat or curved plate, for example, a field line generated by the magnet rotor is aligned in the direction of its surface, i.e. attractive object understood; the field lines can thus be concentrated in such a way that a maximum force effect of the magnetic field on the non-ferrous metals in the area of the material discharge zone is also promoted in this way.
  • a straightening body that can be adjusted is advantageous. If the straightening body is both radially adjustable and is arranged on a radius to pivot about the axis of rotation or the pivot point of the magnetic field generator, its distance from the slideway or from the magnetic field generator can be adapted to the fractions contained in the solid mixture, this distance being one and a half should be up to three times the largest grain diameter of the processed material; it can also be swiveled exactly into the area of the material drop zone.
  • the width of the guide body and the straightening body is preferably equal to the width of the magnetic field generator.
  • the force effect of the magnetic field can thus be optimized over the entire area of the material discharge zone.
  • the guide and straightening bodies are cooled, for which purpose these components can have cooling fins and / or cooling pipelines through which oil flows, for example. Excessive heating of the straightening and / or guiding body due to the eddy current flow can thus be avoided.
  • a solid mixture containing nonferrous metals is fed from a feed conveyor (not shown), for example a vibrating trough, to a conveyor belt 2 at the end of the feed 1.
  • the conveyor belt 2 rotating in the direction of transport 3 wraps around a quarter hollow at the front end in the direction of transport 3 Cylinder segment formed slideway 4;
  • the conveyor belt 2 is deflected by a rear pulley 5 arranged at the feed end 1 and a front, driven pulley 6 (drum motor).
  • the slideway 4 is connected upstream of the distance from the rear deflection drum 5 to the joint 7 of the rear end of the slideway 4 in the direction of transport 3, designed as a trough 8 with side walls 9 according to FIG. 3.
  • the sliding surface 10 or the trough 8, in conjunction with the seamlessly adjoining, shell-like sliding path 4, enable sliding guidance and support of the upper run 11 of the conveyor belt 2; the side walls 9 of the trough 8 prevent material abandoned on the conveyor belt 2 from falling on the way from the end of the feed 1 to the joint 7.
  • the belt conveyor is anchored to the foundation 13 by means of supports 12.
  • a magnetic rotor 15 which is preferred as a magnetic field generator in the context of the invention, is mounted in a rocker arm 16 about the pivot point 17 of which it can be pivoted in the direction of the double arrow 18;
  • the magnet rotor 15 is arranged radially adjustable in the direction of arrow 19, so that it can be pivoted on any curved tracks.
  • the magnet rotor 15 has rows of permanent magnets 22 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft 20 and are fastened in the base body 21 with alternating north-south polarity; Always select a number of poles that allows an alternating type of pole.
  • the position of the rotor shaft 20 below the slideway 4 in the housing 14 and thus the effective range of the permanent magnets 22 can in the discharge zone which is approximately delimited by the vertical 23 and the horizontal 24 and which defines the area in which the solid mixture lying on the conveyor belt 2 falls due to the force of gravity.
  • the air gap 25 between the magnet rotor 15 and the inner surface of the slideway 4 is the smallest in this region, which also has the material discharge zone 26 and is indicated by the dash-dotted lines.
  • the sliding guide of the conveyor belt 2 in the area of the magnetic rotor 15 by means of the stationary slideway 4 designed as a quarter-hollow cylinder segment, via which the conveyor belt 2 is pulled by the driven deflection drum 6. creates sufficient space below the slideway 4 in the housing 14 to arrange a guide body 31 therein, for example rigidly connecting it to the side walls of the housing 14.
  • the guide body 31 extends above the magnet rotor 15 axially in the direction of transport 3 and enables a magnetic connection downwards, back to the magnet rotor 15, ie the field lines of the alternating magnetic field generated by the magnet rotor 15 are specifically directed and channeled.
  • the quality of the separation effect is further improved by a straightening body 32, which is located above the curvature of the slideway 4, and - like the guide body 31 - over the entire width of the Magnet rotor 15 extends.
  • the straightening body 32 namely causes the field lines of the alternating magnetic field generated by the magnetic rotor 15 to extend to the straightening body 32, which attracts the field lines and concentrates them in the desired manner.

Landscapes

  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Non-Mechanical Conveyors (AREA)
EP90102657A 1989-03-01 1990-02-12 Appareil pour séparer des métaux non magnétisables d'un mélange de solides Expired - Lifetime EP0388626B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3906422A DE3906422C1 (fr) 1989-03-01 1989-03-01
DE3906422 1989-03-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0388626A1 true EP0388626A1 (fr) 1990-09-26
EP0388626B1 EP0388626B1 (fr) 1993-06-16

Family

ID=6375205

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90102657A Expired - Lifetime EP0388626B1 (fr) 1989-03-01 1990-02-12 Appareil pour séparer des métaux non magnétisables d'un mélange de solides

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5057210A (fr)
EP (1) EP0388626B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02268845A (fr)
DE (2) DE3906422C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2041058T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU1819159C (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009873A1 (fr) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-27 Älmhults Elektromekaniska Einar Andersson Ab Procede et dispositif de separation de fragments
EP2289628A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2011-03-02 Lux Magnet Séparateur magnétique à courant de foucault avec zone d'interaction et trajectoire optimisées des particules
US20190078950A1 (en) * 2017-09-13 2019-03-14 Magnemotion, Inc. Method and Apparatus to Characterize Loads in a Linear Synchronous Motor System

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US5207330A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-05-04 Miller Compressing Company Magnetic pulley
JPH0771645B2 (ja) * 1993-03-31 1995-08-02 豊田通商株式会社 導電性材料選別装置
US5772043A (en) * 1993-12-22 1998-06-30 Particle Separation Technologies System and method for separating electrically conductive particles
US6095337A (en) * 1993-12-22 2000-08-01 Particle Separation Technologies, Lc System and method for sorting electrically conductive particles
US5439117A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-08-08 Particle Separation Technologies, L.C. System and method for separating electrically conductive particles
US5522513A (en) * 1994-03-30 1996-06-04 Howell; Billy R. Separator disc
US5494172A (en) * 1994-05-12 1996-02-27 Miller Compressing Company Magnetic pulley assembly
FR2730176B1 (fr) * 1995-02-02 1997-04-11 Fcb Separateur magnetique a haute intensite du type a rotor et a bande sans fin
US5626233A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-05-06 Venturedyne, Ltd. Eddy current separator
DE19521415C2 (de) * 1995-06-14 1997-07-03 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Anordnung zum Abtrennen von nichtmagnetisierbaren Metallen aus einem Feststoffgemisch
US5860532A (en) * 1996-11-08 1999-01-19 Arvidson; Bo R. Material separator
US6250474B1 (en) * 1997-10-09 2001-06-26 Billy R. Howell Magnetic separator
US6478161B2 (en) * 1997-10-09 2002-11-12 Billy R. Howell Magnetic separator
RU2342198C2 (ru) * 2004-06-07 2008-12-27 СГМ ГАНТРИ С.п.А. Магнитный сепаратор для ферромагнитных материалов с вращающимся роликом с управляемым проскальзыванием и соответствующий способ работы
AP2199A (en) * 2004-08-24 2011-01-21 Gekko Sys Pty Ltd Magnetic separation method.
DE102006046356A1 (de) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 RWTH- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abtrennung von magnetisierbaren Stoffen aus einem Feststoffgemisch
DE202009014381U1 (de) * 2009-10-23 2010-12-09 Imro Maschinenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Separation von Nichteisenmetallen
US8201694B2 (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-06-19 Sgm Magnetics Corp. Eddy current separator
JP5857382B2 (ja) * 2011-09-01 2016-02-10 株式会社直江鉄工 選別装置
US8807344B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2014-08-19 Mid-American Gunite, Inc. Adjustable magnetic separator
FR2989288B1 (fr) 2012-04-12 2015-01-16 Magpro Separateur par courant de foucault
WO2013167591A1 (fr) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Hochschule Rapperswil Séparateur à courants de foucault
GB201416069D0 (en) * 2014-09-11 2014-10-29 Bluemac Mfg Ltd Self propelled eddy cuttent separating apparatus
DE202016101379U1 (de) * 2016-03-11 2017-06-13 Wagner Magnete Gmbh & Co. Kg Abscheider mit einem Förderband
AT520710B1 (de) * 2017-11-24 2022-07-15 Ife Aufbereitungstechnik Gmbh Magnetscheider
US11465158B2 (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-10-11 Mss, Inc. Separation of ferrous materials
US11318476B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-05-03 Mss, Inc. Separation of ferrous materials

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DE915921C (de) * 1944-11-07 1954-08-02 Westfalia Dinnendahl Groeppel Magnetscheider
GB1121451A (en) * 1965-12-11 1968-07-31 William Henry Lyons Improvements in or relating to the separation of metallic bodies from bulk materials

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GB1121451A (en) * 1965-12-11 1968-07-31 William Henry Lyons Improvements in or relating to the separation of metallic bodies from bulk materials

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009873A1 (fr) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-27 Älmhults Elektromekaniska Einar Andersson Ab Procede et dispositif de separation de fragments
EP2289628A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2011-03-02 Lux Magnet Séparateur magnétique à courant de foucault avec zone d'interaction et trajectoire optimisées des particules
EP2644277A2 (fr) 2009-08-27 2013-10-02 Lux Magnet Séparateur magnétique à courant de foucault avec zone d'interaction et trajectoire optimisées des particules
US20190078950A1 (en) * 2017-09-13 2019-03-14 Magnemotion, Inc. Method and Apparatus to Characterize Loads in a Linear Synchronous Motor System
US11165372B2 (en) * 2017-09-13 2021-11-02 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus to characterize loads in a linear synchronous motor system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2041058T3 (es) 1993-11-01
EP0388626B1 (fr) 1993-06-16
JPH02268845A (ja) 1990-11-02
RU1819159C (ru) 1993-05-30
DE59001744D1 (de) 1993-07-22
US5057210A (en) 1991-10-15
DE3906422C1 (fr) 1990-10-18

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