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EP0385098A2 - Four tubulaire rotatif avec l'air de combustion soufflé radialement à travers le revêtement - Google Patents

Four tubulaire rotatif avec l'air de combustion soufflé radialement à travers le revêtement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0385098A2
EP0385098A2 EP90101366A EP90101366A EP0385098A2 EP 0385098 A2 EP0385098 A2 EP 0385098A2 EP 90101366 A EP90101366 A EP 90101366A EP 90101366 A EP90101366 A EP 90101366A EP 0385098 A2 EP0385098 A2 EP 0385098A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
air
zone
combustion
valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90101366A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0385098B1 (fr
EP0385098A3 (fr
Inventor
Francesco Ferrero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
Original Assignee
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA, Ferrero SpA filed Critical OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Priority to AT90101366T priority Critical patent/ATE95908T1/de
Publication of EP0385098A2 publication Critical patent/EP0385098A2/fr
Publication of EP0385098A3 publication Critical patent/EP0385098A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0385098B1 publication Critical patent/EP0385098B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/207—Rotary drum furnace with air supply ports in the sidewall

Definitions

  • Rotary furnaces have been extensively used for many years for the combustion and incineration of solid and semi-­solid industrial waste and other refuse.
  • furnaces can be built for counterflow combustion in which the waste advances in opposite direction to the combustion gas, or in equiflow when the waste advances in the gas flow direction.
  • the parameters disciplining the combustion capacity and efficiency of a furnace are the furnace diameter (or diameters if the furnace has more than one chamber), length and inclination of the rotation axis, the height of the fuel bed and, in particular, the continuous or intermittent rotation speed, the amount and temperature of the combustion air, the flue gas rate.
  • the waste usually burnt in these furnaces is rather moist waste and has a low heat value is usually burnt. Thus, as combustion progresses, the waste is dried by increasingly hotter gases.
  • combustion must be controlled so that combustion of the the gases is completed when they reach the furnace throat. This is not alwasy easy to achieve.
  • the furnace may have lighting-up problems especially if the material to be burnt has no average constant composition or if there are strong variations in its moisture content; it may also be difficult to maintain combustion in the initial furnace sections. Often, radiation is insufficient for fast ignition, so that an auxiliary gas or mineral oil burner has to be used.
  • furnaces are therefore mostly used for burning products having a high heat value, such as for instance plastic shreds, residues from solid urban waste recycling processes, rubber processing waste etc.
  • the furnace, subject matter of this invention intends to provide the advantages of both rotary and fixed hearth furnaces, while eliminating the defects of the former and enhancing the merits of the latter.
  • this invention will permit tto blow primary air in prefixed and independent adjustable quantities below the mass of material to be incinerated, in various sections along the longitudinal furnace axis while a controlled amount of secondary air is directly let into the combustion chamber, in the free space above the fuel bed, thus obtaining an optimum combustion which is care­fully controlled during all process stages.
  • rotary furnaces implemented according to the construction features of this invention may be designed, at the engineers choice, for either equiflow or counter­flow operation.
  • the furnace is essential strictlyly consisting of a cylindrical shell 1 lined with solid 2 and hollow and/or perforated quoin-shaped bricks 3, ro­tating around its x-x′ axis, which is slightly inclined by 2° - 3° with respect to the horizontal plane, supported by rolling tracks 4 and 5, rotation of the furnace being ensured by a pinion 6 and ring gear 7.
  • the waste, or more generally speaking, the material to be incinerated is let, through the duct 8, into the hollow space located at one end of the tubular furnace, while the ignition burner is introduced through the duct 9 for the supply of additional secondary air, if required.
  • the combustion air is blown in through a longitudinal piping system 10, mounted along the peripheral shell plating 1; these pipes are placed in parallel and at equal distance, having their axis parallel to the generating line of the shell, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
  • the air enters through holes 11 drilled in the shell 1, and is then conveyed by valves 12 controlled by the device 13 described in detail hereinafter, into distribution chambers 14, 15, 16, obtained in the refractory lining brick 3 of the furnace.
  • These chambers 14, 15, 16 supply air to the ducts 17 provided with special orifices through which the air en­ters the furnace below the bed containing the material to be incinerated.
  • the air inlet pipes 10, already mentioned above, are rotating together with the cylindrical furnace shell 1; they are extending outside the furnace discharge head thus forming a kind of spider illustrated in fig.6 by C - C.
  • the primary and secondary combustion air distributor (air scoop) is located in the center of this spider
  • This air distributor shown in fig. 5, is essentially consisting of two parts, one of which 20a is external and is rotating with the furnace to which it is connected, whereas the other 20b is fixed and internal, connected by the pipe 19 and the flexible coupling 24 to the main fan of the combustion air previously preheated by a heat-­exchanger located outside the furnace and not included in this invention.
  • the external part 20a is consisting of a trapezoidal bustle main, divided by means of seven partitions 21 into a series of adjacent chambers C1 ??C24; each external­ly facing the orifice 10a of one of the air inlet pipes as identified, for completeness sake, by the Roman numerals I thru XXIV.
  • the inner cylindrical surface of the bustle main con­sisting of a set of chambers C is open and is surrounding the fixed inner part 20b of the distributor, essentially formed by a blank cylindrical stub, coaxial to the furnace, anchored to the external fixed furnace structure by means of the anchoring stirrup 45 and supported by the external rotating mechanism 20a with the aid of two supports fitted with bearings 22, and 23 (fig. 5).
  • a ring shaped sliding or labyrinth seal 43 is placed between the fixed internal part 20b and the rotating external mecha­nism 20a.
  • the cylindrical surface of the internal mechanism of the rotating distributor 20b has two openings or windows F1 and F2 by which the fixed device of the distributor is communicating with a certain number of chambers C of the rotary distributor and hence with a given and well defined number of inlet pipes 10.
  • the window F1 provides for air to be supplied to the pipes 10 ranging from II to X which supply primary combustion air below the waste beds or other combustible material in the furnace, by means of the regulating valves and the distribution chambers 14, 15 and 16. (fig.2)
  • window F2 will provide for connecting the air feed to another range of pipes 10, i.e. the pipes number XIV - XV - XVI then feeding the distribution chambers blowing secondary air into the empty furnace zone where combustion and dissociation of the gases is completed.
  • the furnaces will slowly rotate by an angle, here assumed to be 1/24 of 360°. Since there are twenty-four ducts, duct I will be activated whereas duct X will be desactivated. Likewise, duct XIII will be activated while duct XVI will be desactivated, and so forth as long as the furnace is in operation.
  • the primary and secondary air flow rate shall both be regulated to ensure correct combustion control in all furnace sections along its longitudinal axis.
  • the waste charged into the furnace through the duct 8 will be heated by radiation and by contact with the incandescent refractory lining, until it is dry and is set afflame.
  • the waste will usually self-ignite without need for the auxiliary burner 9, which is activated only to light up the furnace.
  • zone S2 which we may call the "distillation zone” because of its prevailing reaction.
  • the combustible waste fractions dissociate by thermal cracking.
  • the volatile constituents are released together with combustible gases and production of highly reactive porous carbon. Combustion is very intense and the flame may be longer or shorter according to the rather high combustion air rate required in this zone.
  • zone S3 which we may call the "oxidation zone".
  • the temperature reaches its maximum values both in the residue waste mass and in the gases; the air flow rate at the foot shall be adjusted so as to prevent the temperature from rising beyond softening and ash sintering values since the latter shall remain loose and non-­coherent. Subsequently, the temperature slowly drops as the combustible carbonacious fractions are depleted.
  • the gases leave the furnace and enter an after-burning or preheating chamber (which how­ ever is not indispensable for this furnace type) to be conveyed to suitable steam generators or heat-exchangers where the sensible heat is used to preheat the combustion air.
  • the gases reach the neutralizing reactor and flying ash precipitating filters before they are released into the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 clearly shows the discharging zone S5 where the gases as well as any solid residues are discharged. S5 is delimited by the head 26 forming the rear wall of the primary combustion chamber.
  • two metal rings 27 are welded onto the furnace shell and are thus rotating together with the furnace. Sliding or laby­rinth seals 28 are fitted between these rings 27 and the fixed structures of the flue duct 28 and the ash discharge hopper 30.
  • This control is provided by a special air regulation system illustrated in fig. 7 and 8.
  • the previously preheated combustion air supplied by a blower located outside the furnace enters the hollow furnace space through holes drilled in the shell.
  • the air enters the pipes 10 flowing into the distribution chambers 14, 15, 16 (fig.1), to be injected into the furnace through the openings 17 and 18 in the refractory bricks 3.
  • the combustion air regulation and delivery system illustrated in the figures 7 and 8 is only one of many possible solutions.
  • the holes drilled in the shell are also housing the control and delivery valves 12.
  • 12 I refers to the 24 valves letting the air into the first row of distribution chambers 14, while 12 II refers to the group of 24 valves letting the air into the second row of distribution chambers 15 and 12 III indicates the group of twenty-four valves letting the air into the row of distribution chambers 16.
  • Each valve is consisting of a disk 12 rotating around its z - z′ axis by means of a pin 32, supported with some slack by a bushing 33 secured to the pipes 10. Rotation is caused by the handle 13 which is integral with the pin 32 and the disk 12 .
  • the valve assembly of each distribution chamber 14, 15 or 16 has a double V shaped handle, i.e. forming an auxiliary handle 13a (fig.8) supporting, to­gether with the pin 35, an idler 34 having a diameter K. It should be noted that only one of the twenty-four valves 12 installed in each furnace section S1, S2 or S3 needs to be fitted with the arm 13a and the idler 34.
  • This idler 34 when rotating together with the furnace, will engage with a wedge shaped guide 36, supported by the pin 37 which in turn engages with the support 38 anchored to the fixed furnace structure.
  • This guide 36 is consisting of two flat and integral components p and p′, converging in the direction of the idler motion until they reach the outlet K′ having a slightly larger diameter than K of the idler 34.
  • the joint 39 of this guide is connected to the stem of a hydraulic cylinder 40 capable of changing the angular position of the guide 36 within a given angle .
  • Each position of the hydraulic cylinder is associated with a position of the guide 36 and hence, an univocally deter­mined position of the arm 13a of the valve seat 12 regu­lating the air flow rate in the furnace from an all open to an all closed position.
  • valves 12 are interconnected by a set of articulated tie rods 41, so that all twenty-four valves 12 in the furnace zone S2 can be adjusted at the same time by one single servo-­controlled hydraulic cylinder 40, one single idler 34 and in one single operation.
  • Fig. 5 shows how the secondary air flow rate entering the furnace may be adjusted.
  • the window F2 in the fixed internal mechanism 20b of the rotating distributor lets the combustion air, supplied through the duct 19, enter the chambers C14, C15 and C16 of the external rotating distributor component 20a; these chambers are connected to the related pipes 10 through which secondary combustion air enters the furnace section holding no waste but only gases.
  • the air flow rate can be easily adjusted by acting on the gate valve 42 actuated from outside by a stem and grip 43 or by means of a suitable push-pull cylinder so as to shutter the port of the delivery window F2 as necessary.
  • the regulation system for the primary and secondary com­bustion air here described has the advantage of being very simple.
  • valve opening 12 in the primary air delivery zone may be advisable, by opening this valve 12 for secondary air supply during the rotation of the furnace.
  • valves 12 have to be separated by eliminating the tie rods 41 and by fitting each lever 13 with the auxiliary arm 13a and idler 34. while providing them with friction washers fitted between the pin 32 and bushing 33 to prevent accidental spontaneous valve rotation, while two guides 36, 36′, anchored to the fixed furnace structures are each control­led by a suitable hydraulic cylinder so that the first guide 36 will open the valve 12 just enough to supply sufficient primary combustion air, while the second guide 36′ will modify the valve opening according to the actual need for secondary air.
  • each valve in each furnace zone S1, S2 and S3 is adjusted twice: once to control the primary air flow rate below the fuel bed and once to adjust the secondary air flow rate in the upper furnace zone occupied by air and gaseous combustion products.
  • the system regulating the primary and the secondary combustion air flow may be further sophisticated to achieve independent regulation of each valve in any part of the furnace. For instance, it may be convenient to adjust the opening of each valve based upon the height of the fuel bed for which the valve has to supply combustion air through the related distribution duct.
  • each valve set 12 with as many guides 36, rotating on their pins 36, anchored to the fixed furnace structures 44, as there are desired control and delivery points for each valve during rotation of the furnace.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP90101366A 1989-03-03 1990-01-24 Four tubulaire rotatif avec l'air de combustion soufflé radialement à travers le revêtement Expired - Lifetime EP0385098B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90101366T ATE95908T1 (de) 1989-03-03 1990-01-24 Drehrohrofen mit radialer lufteinblasung durch das futter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT6520189 1989-03-03
IT8965201A IT1237009B (it) 1989-03-03 1989-03-03 Forno rotante tubolare con insufflazione dell'aria comburente in direzione radiale attraverso il rivestimento

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0385098A2 true EP0385098A2 (fr) 1990-09-05
EP0385098A3 EP0385098A3 (fr) 1991-03-27
EP0385098B1 EP0385098B1 (fr) 1993-10-13

Family

ID=11297579

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90101366A Expired - Lifetime EP0385098B1 (fr) 1989-03-03 1990-01-24 Four tubulaire rotatif avec l'air de combustion soufflé radialement à travers le revêtement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0385098B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE95908T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69003836D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1237009B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4218628C2 (de) * 1991-09-13 2000-11-23 Zweckverband Sondermuellentsor Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum abgas- und geruchsfreien Betreiben von Drehrohrtrommeln zur Behandlung von thermischen Prozessen
WO2001096799A1 (fr) * 2000-06-13 2001-12-20 Metso Minerals Industries, Inc. Systeme de convoyage d'air de prise pour four tournant
JP2021196150A (ja) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 株式会社エム・アイ・エス 燃焼装置
CN118258215A (zh) * 2024-05-29 2024-06-28 曲阳金隅水泥有限公司 一种水泥窑燃烧器用防集料装置及水泥窑系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1445141A (fr) * 1965-08-20 1966-07-08 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Tambour rotatif pour l'incinération des déchets industriels
SE325092B (fr) * 1965-09-15 1970-06-22 Landsverk Ab
AT316001B (de) * 1972-03-24 1974-06-25 Oesterr Alpine Montan Aschenaustragvorrichtung für Feuerungen
FR2581164A1 (fr) * 1985-04-26 1986-10-31 Grannec Rene Procede pour controler la combustion d'un lit de dechets dans un four d'incineration et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4218628C2 (de) * 1991-09-13 2000-11-23 Zweckverband Sondermuellentsor Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum abgas- und geruchsfreien Betreiben von Drehrohrtrommeln zur Behandlung von thermischen Prozessen
WO2001096799A1 (fr) * 2000-06-13 2001-12-20 Metso Minerals Industries, Inc. Systeme de convoyage d'air de prise pour four tournant
JP2021196150A (ja) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 株式会社エム・アイ・エス 燃焼装置
CN118258215A (zh) * 2024-05-29 2024-06-28 曲阳金隅水泥有限公司 一种水泥窑燃烧器用防集料装置及水泥窑系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69003836D1 (de) 1993-11-18
IT8965201A0 (it) 1989-03-03
ATE95908T1 (de) 1993-10-15
EP0385098B1 (fr) 1993-10-13
EP0385098A3 (fr) 1991-03-27
IT1237009B (it) 1993-05-13

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